Significant sub-section any of the small invertebrates, including insects Gang and other (such as spiders, mites, ticks, centipedes, rats and women) look similar to the members of the insect
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No. 2
Insects collectively. "Book of North Song": "insects are not stung, not in the fire field." Song Wenying "okho clear words" VII: "you have to stay in the DPRK is willing to Natu Gong, insects and vegetation, nor the injury." Guo " Notes on June 13 the Soviet Union ":" Probably because of insects, gnats accommodate a lot of parks in the little light. "
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No. 3
A key link arthropod body separately, chest, abdomen 3. Head with antennae, eyes, mouthparts and so on. Chest full three pairs of wings or a pair of two pairs, there are no wings. Abdominal section, on both sides of the holes, is respiratory. Most insects have been egg, larva, pupa, adult and other developmental stages. Such as bees, mosquitoes, flies, fleas, locusts, aphids, etc..
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About Insects
Insects (insect) Usually there is a small section of the tiny animals are arthropods member. The most important feature is the insect body is divided into three different sections: head, thorax and abdomen. ?? Are connected with six feet, and usually two pairs of wings attached to the chest. ?? Who hope to stay in Australia during the evolution of discipline, and to the Carboniferous period there are 170 centimeters appeared from the wings of large dragonflies. ?? Who today is still very prosperous ethnic group, more than a million species. Insects are animals, one of the largest groups in the world, whether it is the number of individuals, biomass, species and number of genes, they are in the biodiversity plays a very important position. Insects and human relationships are very complex and close, and some insects cause great suffering to mankind, some species to provide a wealth of human resources. Insecta insecta is the largest of the animal kingdom Gang. In Chinese, "Kun" means is "many", "huge"; and "bug" within the meaning of the word wide scope of Liu An, Dong "five worm said," and "Big Dai Yi natal "in the" worm "for all animals in general. 1890, Fang Xu in the "worm Hui," a book of "feather, hair, Queensland, scales, referred" 5 animals in 219 species of small animals classified as "insects" category "Insects" is just a modern concept . Western languages, the "insects" (entoma and insect, the former comes from the Greek, which is derived from Latin) was first included in the scope is very broad. 1602, u.aldrovandi written "insect-like creatures" (de animalibus insectis) in the "insects" includes arthropods, annelids, echinoderms, etc.; 1758, Linnaeus (carl von linne, or carolus linnaeus) in his masterpiece, "natural systems" (systema naturae) in the 10th edition named Insecta insecta in still includes Arachnida, full lips, outline and other arthropods. 1825, palatreille _set_ up six feet Gang hexapoda, before the "insects" specification separately for the body, chest, abdomen six feet arthropods.
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Insecta
Arthropoda Insecta is not only the largest one outline, is the largest one in the animal world outline. The world has known more than 1.5 million animals, of which there are one million kinds of insects above (representing 2 / 3). And plants (including bacteria) known species of about 335,000 kinds, only insect species 1 / 3. To know the exact number of species of insects is difficult, because taxonomists describe new species are constantly example, under imms statistics, Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies) to 1931 only 8 million, the 1934 to 10 million species, to 1942 to reach 14 million. Insecta is the largest project Coleoptera, species more than 25 million species, of which the subjects actually more like a total to about 60,000 kinds. Not only are many kinds of insects, and the same number of individuals is also very impressive. Ants can be a group of up to 500,000 individuals. It has been estimated that the number of ants may exceed the total number of all other insects. Wheat midge outbreak of an acre of land there's as many as 25.92 million. Into a tree can have 100,000 individual aphids. In broad-leaved forest in the soil per square meter can have 100000 Collembola.
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Insecta reasons for the development and prosperity
First, insects are the only winged invertebrates taxa. Flight to insects feeding, courtship, to avoid the enemy and expand distribution and other areas have brought great benefits. Second, the general body are relatively small insects. Are small only a small amount of food to complete development. For example, a cabbage leaf aphid can live for thousands of head, one meter on the head for a few meters as survival. Also due to the small body, to the food as it's hidden places, in order to gain the benefits of moisture and avoid the enemy. Third, the type of differentiation of insect mouthparts, especially from eating solid foods into liquid foods to eat, greatly expanded the range of food, and improved relations with the host - in normal circumstances, the host will not lose some juice and death, it will not turn, affect the insect's survival. To trace the origin of insects, people find the most ancient insect fossils found in rocks of the Devonian. In other words, the history of insects on Earth have been at least 350 million years. The emergence of human beings, probably Tertiary in the ancient past, only a million years ago. Therefore, before the advent of humans, insects and the environment they inhabit all the plants and animals, has established a long history of relations.
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Insects become the most prosperous of the fauna of the reasons
1 have wings to fly Insects are the only winged invertebrates in a class, but also the first winged animals in a groups, ability to get to the flying insects in the feeding, courtship, evade enemies, proliferation, and bring great benefits; 2 multiply rapidly Insects have amazing ability to reproduce. Most insect eggs laid in the range of several hundred, with social insects with parthenogenetic fecundity more, if necessary, a queen bee can lay one million lives, some have estimated a parthenogenetic If future generations of aphids all survived and continue to multiply, then the total number of aphids after six months up to 6 billion or so. Strong flourishing population's reproductive potential is the foundation; 3 are small advantage Most insects with relatively small, only a small amount of food that meets their nutritional needs of growth and reproduction, but also to the living space, flexibility, avoiding the enemy, reducing damage, wind and other aspects of migration has many advantages; 4 feeding organ diversity Different groups of insects have different types of mouthparts, one hand to avoid competition for food, while some degree of improved feeding insects and object relations; 5 with abnormal and developmental stage The vast majority of insects for the whole metamorphosis, most of which types of juvenile stage and adult stage in the habitat and feeding habits of individuals differ widely, thus avoiding the same or similar kinds of insects and other aspects of space and food needs of conflict; 6 adaptable From the wide distribution of insects, many species, the number of large, continuing a long history know so we can push the strong ability to adapt, regardless of the temperature, hunger, drought, pharmaceutical and other insects have a strong adaptability, and insects life cycle is shorter, easier to put on the populations of beneficial mutations survive. For cyclical or long-term adverse environmental conditions, insects can hibernate or diapause, some species in the soil types of diapause years, 10 years or longer, in order to maintain continuity of its population.
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The name and model biological specimens
Scientists have studied them but to each record over the creature did not take a Latin scientific name, genus and species names, including two Latin words, known as the binomial method, in 1758 by the Swedish scientist Linnaeus first. Naming is based on specimens known specimens, which specifies a positive model, and the remaining as vice mode.
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The relationship between insects and humans
Since the earth with people, because people get subsistence from nature, to transform the natural, inevitable competition for resources with insect problems; the other hand, insects are also provided for human resources. Thus insects who also happened with a close relationship. Insects and human relationships are very complex, a complex relationship is one of the main factors of insect feeding unusually wide. According to previous estimates, 48.2% of insect herbivores in; 28% of prey, predatory insects and other small animals; 2.4% is parasitic, parasitic on other insects, animals, in vitro and in vivo: there are 17.3% water corruption of biological organisms and animal waste. This for us to draw a general outline of harm beneficial insects. But this is just a natural phenomenon, and people benefit from the concept of harm the economic interests of the people point of view, and therefore much more complex. Here is harmful to humans and insects beneficial aspects were discussed.
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How to identify insects?
Speaking of insects, perhaps we are already familiar with. Color swirling butterfly, flower-visiting honey bees, silk cocoons of silkworms, the cicadas sing, gaining the upper hand aggressive cricket, Star flashing fireflies, dashing, the shape of the aircraft dragonfly, simple and honest cute little ladybug , holding one pair of knives, angry staring eyes of the mantis, annoying flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, and so on. So, what insects do? Silk spider, scorpion stings are not insects? Millipedes, centipedes it? To these questions, you do not fully know the result, now let's take a look in the end be considered what kind of insect do insects? Insects and other organisms, the classification has its own special place. It belongs to Arthropoda in the animal world in the Insecta. Its main features are as follows (similar to the color Wanzhi map): (1) a collection of physical links, respectively, head, thorax and abdomen of individual segments, but not division (2) the head is feeling and feeding center, with mouth parts (mouth) and one pair of antennae, compound eyes and usually there are monocular; (3) the chest is a sports center, with three pairs of feet, generally there are two pairs of wings; (4) reproductive and metabolic center of the abdomen, which contains most of the genitals and internal organs; (5) insects in the growth process to go through a series of internal and external morphological changes, in order to transform into adults. This change in posture is called metamorphosis. (6) will be chirping insects are male, not female chirping Therefore, the basic characteristics of insects can be summarized as: "the body is three sections of head, thorax, abdomen, two pairs of wings 6 feet; one pair of antennae head of health, bones wrapped in a body outside; life form varied, busy family around the world. " With the concept of insects, on the issue in front of you now know the answer: spiders, scorpions body divided into head and thorax and abdomen in two, also long with eight legs, so it is not insects. Centipedes and millipedes leg is more, almost every aspect (body section) all have 1-2 pairs of legs, of course, not even the insects.
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Largest and smallest insect
From the weight, the world's heaviest insects in tropical America, a huge rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera rhinoceros beetles Branch). This rhinoceros beetles to the end of their abdomen protruding from the head up to 155 mm, body width 100 mm, compared with a maximum of goose is also large. Actually its weight about 100 grams, a considerable weight of two eggs. In addition, Brazil's production of a beetle (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) in length are also more than 150 mm. However, body length, the longest living insect is a stick insect in the Malay Peninsula, and its length of 270 mm, much longer than a pencil. World's smallest and lightest insects Hymenoptera Ying Chalcididae mymaridae an egg bee alaptus magnonimus annandale, body length is only 0.21 mm, its weight is also very small, only 0.005 mg. About conversion, 200,000 only 1 gram, 10 million have an egg so important.
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How many species of insects in the world?
Recent studies show that the world may be 10 million kinds of insects, about half of the earth all living species. But a named insect species only 100 million, the total known species of the animal kingdom 2/3- 3 / 4. Thus, in the world of insects and 90% of species we do not know; by the most conservative estimates, the world's three million kinds of insects, at least, that there are two million kinds of insects yet to be discovered, described and named. Around the world are now published each year 1000 new species of insects, which are included in the "Zoological Record (zoological record)", so that the magazine is engaged in the classification of animals, researchers must access the search tools. Already naming of insects, Coleoptera (beetles) have as many as 350 thousand kinds, of which the largest Curculionidae, including more than 60,000 kinds, is a mammal of 10 times. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), followed by about 20 million. Hymenoptera (bees, ants) and Diptera (mosquitoes, flies) are about 150,000 kinds. Not only are many kinds of insects, and the same number of individuals are also many insects, and some surprisingly large number of individuals. An ant colony can be up to 500,000 individuals. A tree can have 100,000 individual aphids. In the forest, each can have 100,000 square Collembola. Locust outbreak, the number of individuals up to as much as 7 to 12 billion, with a total weight of about 1250 to 3000 tons, covering an area of up to 500 flying group to 1200 hectares, it can be said is shrouded cover date.
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China has already Know insects?
China has a vast, complicated natural conditions, is the only animal geographic regions across the two countries, which is the world's one of the largest insect species. Generally speaking, China's share of world species of insects 1 / 10. Insect species have been naming the world's 100 million, the naming of our country should be in the 100,000 kinds of insects around, naming can be found in our country has only 50,000 kinds of insects, to catch up with the world's current level of long way to go. Moreover, the world's insect species should be 300 to 1000 million species, insects, so China should be 30 to 100 million. Thus, there are too many of our new species of insects on insects waiting for friends who are interested to discover, name, describe them.
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Insects live in where?
So many insect species, so their way of life and living spaces must be diverse, and some insects instinct of life and life performance of great research value. It can be said, from the horizon to the Cape, from the mountains to the abyss, from the equator to the poles, from the ocean, rivers to the desert, from grasslands to forests, from the field to the interior, from the sky into the soil, presence of insects everywhere. However, according to the main instars the most appropriate venue to distinguish, can be divided into five categories. (1) living insects in the air: most of these insects are active during the day, adult stage with well-developed wings, usually have well-developed mouthparts, long adult life. Such as bees, wasps, dragonflies, flies, mosquitoes, gadfly, butterflies and so on. Insects in the air phase of activity is mainly spread to migrate, find prey, courtship and marriage _select_ion spawning sites. (2) on the surface of insect life: these insects without wings, or wings to fly, but have poor or only crawl and jump. Some good flying insects, their larvae and pupae are also living on the ground. Some parasitic insects and animals and plants designed to feed on insects corruption (including common human living insects in the room), and most of the surface activity. Insects on the surface activity of the vast majority of all insect species, because the ground is the seat of insect food and habitat. These insects are common beetle (insect fart), cockroaches. (4) insects in the water of life: some insect life in the water, such as the purpose of negative sub-half-winged bugs, field turtle, turtle bugs, program bugs, etc., Coleoptera Longshi, water turtles and other insects. Some insect larvae only (special call them nymphs) live in water, such as dragonflies, caddis, mayfly and so on. Aquatic insects of the common features are: lateral valve degeneration, and both ends of the valve body developed in a special tube or replace the valve for gill respiration; most species are flat and hairy enough to swim, play the role of the water.
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Edible insects
Bring insects, people will think of ants, crickets, dragonflies, grasshoppers, cicadas, caterpillars and other bizarre animals. These small animals Zhuolai play, watch what is acceptable, but to eat as food into the stomach, it may be hard to imagine there are a lot of people think, maybe even nausea and vomiting. In fact, eating insects as human food a long history of the world's many countries and regions have the habit of eating insects. According to incomplete statistics, China consumed as food all over the dozens of insects around. Insects not only rich in organic matter, such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, inorganic substances such as salts, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, calcium content is very rich, as well as the human body needs amino acids. According to data analysis, per 100 ml of human plasma containing free amino acids 24.4 - 34.4 mg, far higher than the free amino acids in human plasma. Insects is also very high protein content, containing 72% dried cicada protein, the Hornets with 81% protein, termite body protein is higher than beef, 100 grams of termite can produce 500 calories, 100 grams of beef network only Nengchan lively 30 calories. Insects as food in addition to the above advantages, there are short generations, breeding fast, easy access and so on. Thus, when in distress in the wild, insects are often the preferred food in distress, I would eat more than their own species in the wild, I feel pretty good taste. For outdoor enthusiasts there is some understanding of edible insects, the author lists in this field easier to get our taste is still good edible insects, capture and consumption methods, like eating insects for the "brave" for reference. After the insects were marked with "*" are the preferred food for the insects. When eating insects, according to their condition at that time, choose grilled, roast, fried, boiled, fried food in different ways. Adults or larvae eat the locusts, grasshoppers, including a variety of locusts can eat. Beat with branches with leaves, or tile on the floor with plastic film to the film will be driven locusts, grasshoppers because film can not escape easily capture smooth. Eat adult crickets, swat hand to capture or branches. Katydid known as Grasshopper, cricket capture methods and similarity. Silkworm, silkworm pupae main food, the Department of domesticated insects, wild is not easy to meet. Moths, including moths, slug, moth, Pyralidae variety of moths, larvae of the surface because of its many long-haired, looks ugly, most people choose to eat the pupa. Butterflies can eat a variety of butterfly pupae, larvae, moth larvae than the child, most types of non-hairy, also edible. Eat adult ants, larvae, pupae, eggs, looking for nest digging, or food trapping. Pay special attention to eating ants, ants smell Formicidae types of toxic, not edible. Stink ant individual is small, upturned tail, smell, easy to distinguish from other ants. * Consumption of adult cicadas, with tree branches to swat or stick with the plastic rod. Some mountains in the south side of the flood water can sometimes be seen after the death of a large number of cicadas together, can be collected. Dragonfly adult and larvae can eat, adults with tree branches to swat, or adhesive, can also be used netting. Larvae in the water fishing with nets. Negative sub-adult eating bugs, fishing with nets in the water. Stone eroded by the larvae, the larvae live in streams, using wire to stick together to form a few stones at the expense of the body, hand in the water to fish for rock silkworm Shiwo, capture larvae. Beetles eat the larvae, the larvae live in wood, the wood-boring for a living, to _select_ multiple insect eyes dry branches to cut open, look for larvae. Mantis eating adult, larvae, adults or larvae directly capture by hand, mantis eggs are also edible. Longshi adult and larvae can eat, with nets in ponds, rivers to fish. Bees, including wasps, hornets, bees, edible adults, larvae and pupae. After the nest found burned to death with adult Before they can collect larvae and pupae. Collection of bees that have been stung with injury, fire risk, to choose at night, more than ready to torch a few pieces of fire suddenly, while his head, hands or other objects with thick clothes to protect them. In the field activities, earthworms, spiders, crabs, shrimp are often as food, but they are not in the list of insects, it is not in this addressed.
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Insects commonly known as
Childhood garden insects are Deng Yuanchang Not the old Beijing residential buildings, bungalows have a courtyard or small yard, there is little bigger garden, in addition to diffuse into the brick outside Yong Lu is land, plant some trees, flowers, weeds also grow many flowers, There are a variety of small insects living there, added a lot of our childhood fun. Over one cycle time, and now hard to see them, remember it is still missing. The small insects, some cute, some scary; some called "beneficial insects", and some as "vermin", and some regarded as beneficial insects or pests do not know. I believe that time and their accompanying children who will not forget them. Firefly: summer cruising in the corner walls of fireflies, like the flow of small lanterns glowed yellow-green light. They fly very calm, beautiful and elegant, so you do not have the heart to brutally hurt them. Had heard adults say: In ancient times there is a poor reader, at night they collected Excuse me reading the story, leaving the "capsule firefly Yingxue," the story. Western Shiraz: Beijing's jujube many dates, although delicious, foreign Shiraz terrible. He has camouflage, light green and almost half of jujube, soft like a leech, covered with fine hair, stick to the hands of him once, very red and swollen itching to be a piece of dough, preferably chewed gum, to see just fine plush stick out better. Kitchen horse: when the kitchen cooking brick juh, bank up a fire day and night, eternal night, and in the eyes of fire next to the puzzle into a slender small tank, called the "pond tank", the use of residual heat do the hot water, wash or wash the dishes with, is a good energy-saving measures. Winter is also the warm kitchen stove will give birth to many horses, said that this is the Kitchen God's horse. Horse with crickets kitchen looks similar, but are small, yellow, less than robust, beautiful and aggressive cricket, sounds are not loud. Sensual poor stove horses, with their modest, it did not like the crickets as fate: being kept in a jar and provoke them to fight each other for fun. When the kitchen does not seem popular now cockroaches, I do not know what time the introduction of cockroaches, he hated more than the stove horse. Kowtow insects: body about 1.5 cm, black, pointy head hard. He took the nails on the cover, he would knock his head pops to cover the sound of nails, small things, big neck as much enthusiasm. They have a kind of large insects the ability to play dead, lie down and die casual encounters danger, or even overturned, motionless, and the real thing. Stay conscious while the risk is over, rolled over ran away, only to have such a scheming little things. Buffalo (children): a snail's nickname, he climbed over the place will leave a bright silver line along the light line can find it. Two horns that are very sensitive, light touch to be shy, indent, look gentle and lovely. Children will sing for her: "Buffalo (child), buffalo (children), first-out horns (children) after his early (children) Hey, your father, your mother, burn you buy liver (child) burned lamb to le ... ... "I do not know snails have anything to do with burning lamb, but then can be considered pop music. Eupolyphaga: Many insects can not tell male and female, Eupolyphaga very clear: the public of a small, winged, female or even as big as silver dollars, no wings, a circular lid buckle body, style is very concise. To turn it over, he will use Zhuaer hard top, the effort to make their anteroposterior, it looks clumsy but persistent. Listen to adults that can Eupolyphaga medicine, and is the mother, and I can not imagine what it taste? How to drink? ! Wasps: slender young man described as a robust back at first called "horse wasp waist," Ma wasp waist is too small, like with a stick connected to the lower body. Children are afraid of it, the more frightened the more like stir up a hornets' nest, looking for stimulation, but now I think, they go back to the wasp and the wasp was gone his own son in the family how sad! Beetles: a tall, large hard shell flying insects, covered with black and black, the best is to see that two slender and curved horns outside, black and white and white is very unique. It is very strong, so the beetle called it, put a cord can pull toy wooden car, "beetle pull carts" became well-known children's game. Grasshopper: the locusts, if they become a terrible disaster, the city's children have not seen. Grasshopper's legs look great, thick thighs like a lute hanging upside down, legs fine, exceptionally strong jumping ability. In track and field, you see, run and jump athlete's thigh is like that. Dragonfly knife: the mantis, if you found the knife in the bushes dragonfly, it is often standing up holding a barbed teeth arms, shaking slightly before and after demonstrations to you, that is Mantis standard posture. Guada flat: the color green, slender, pointed head, much like the Concorde, the guy looks good, but not say what his big name. The sound of its flight Guadaguata, so I Guada flat bar. That is why, often exposing himself was arrested, his sound is for what? Old Glass: Beijingers call the old glass dragonfly, golden yellow (and very few red, green and black), like the Beijing city-specific yellow glazed tiles as flash lights, so named it. Summer catch dragonflies play is a great fun childhood, they are very alert, very quick speed and sharp turns, but also the air suspension, he can catch it without damage to the delicate wings, it is not easy. Hand finger on it if you mouth, he will bite you, but not hurt, itch is very fun. Scorpion: bricks, coal, pots moist cool underground hiding places are where the scorpion, a variety of small animals, it is probably the most horrible, stay away too far, generally do not provoke him. Later, a place to eat in Shandong, was served a local specialty, fried scorpions, dark brown is beyond recognition, many people may still haunt dare not touch it. Qian: Multi-foot worm, common name sub-string is called money. Golden in color, have a long list of legs is named. May be the reason more legs, get up very smooth as swimming, sometimes on the walls in the bedroom can see it, I do not know where they come from? Going to go? He in the end how many legs? Never had the opportunity breakdown. "Dream of Red Mansions" in the phrase "a centipede, die hard," seen centipedes, Youyan such insects will have more than enough image of the experience. In recent years, students often see on television rowing aerial picture, it looks much like "sub-string of money." Spider: the old Beijing courtyard houses, and very particular about, but the toilet is very simple, multi-corner outside the hospital, called the "latrine", can be imagined. Ceiling often linked to a hornet's nest, spider web corner or junction. Where the observation of a child often squatted as a spider: a fly hit the web, anxious buzzing whining and struggling, not off the body. Jun Zhang sit tight in the spider quickly to make judgments, rushed over to their prey with silk wound round and round, like a little cocoon. Look again the next day, the bird flies have left an empty shell. Tokage child: the gecko, a quip goes: "Tokage child lift curtain - reveal a small hand," look that soft little hand cute indeed. He also has a "ton output capacity," the spirit of danger and decisively to the left tail, that part of the tail on the ground swinging to attract enemy attention, take this opportunity to leave the territory themselves, take the time to grow a new one. Biology class to know is called "regeneration," not only Tokage child has. It seems as gene technology, may soon humans will be like as a child Tokage regeneration capability. [Insect taxa] Taxa (taxonomic, category) High to Low 1 sector (kingdom) 2 doors (phylum) Amon (subphylum) Master (superclass) 3 Gang (class) Subclass (subclass) Department (cohort) Head (superorder) 4 head (order) Superfamily (superfamily) 5 subjects (family) Subfamily (subfamily) Family (tribe) Subfamily (subtribe) 6 is a (genus) Subgenus (subgenus) 7 types (species) Subspecies (subspecies)
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About Insects
Insect (Insect) Arthropoda the one with the body separately, chest, abdomen, head with antennae, eyes, mouth parts and so on. Chest full three pairs, two pairs or a pair of wings, there are no wings. Abdominal section, there are holes on both sides, is the respiratory organs. Most insects go through egg, larva, pupa, adult and other developmental stages, such as flies, silkworm, butterflies and so on. Arthropoda Insecta (Insecta) have mouthparts (on the palate a pair, two pairs of jaw, the second along the midline of healing, the formation of the lower lip), eye, and a pair of antennae; chest has three pairs of feet, usually there are one or two pairs of wings; abdominal part of the section, the generic term for all types of animals. Insecta is the largest animal kingdom Arthropoda (Arthropoda) the largest of the outline. Like other arthropods, like insects, the body section, with the main section of appendages, with exoskeleton. Identify characteristics ︰ head mouth, no walking limbs, genital pore close to the anus; usually abnormal in the developing phenomenon. World about 10 million kinds of insects over, and now the insects have been about 100 human cognition of thousands, only a small part of them. Insects are usually small to tiny invertebrates, is the most important member of the arthropod. The most important feature is the insect body is divided into three different sections: head, thorax and abdomen, they have three pairs of legs and usually two pairs of wings attached to the chest. They hope to stay in Australia during the evolution of discipline, and to the Carboniferous period there are 170 centimeters appeared from the wings of large dragonflies. Today they are still very prosperous ethnic group, more than a million species.
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Insecta
Arthropoda Insecta is not only the largest one outline, is the largest one in the animal world outline. The world has known more than 1.5 million animals, of which there are one million kinds of insects above (representing 2 / 3). And plants (including bacteria) known species of about 335,000 kinds, only insect species 1 / 3. To know the exact number of species of insects is difficult, because taxonomists are still constantly find new species, for example, according to Imms statistics, Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies) to 1931 only for the 80,000 kinds by 1934 to 10 million species, to 1942 to reach 14 million. Insecta is the largest project Coleoptera, species more than 25 million species, of which the subjects actually more like a total to about 60,000 kinds. Not only are many kinds of insects, and the same number of individuals is also very impressive. Ants can be a group of up to 500,000 individuals. It has been estimated that the number of ants may exceed the total number of all other insects. Wheat midge era of big disasters are 25.92 million mu of land as much. Into a tree can have 100,000 individual aphids. In broad-leaved forest in the soil per square meter can have 100000 Collembola. Surface of the wide distribution of insects, no other animals can be compared outline, almost throughout the whole earth. From the equator to the poles, from the ocean, rivers to the desert, up to the roof of the world - Mount Everest, down to several meters deep in the soil are the presence of insects. This broad distribution, indicating that insects have amazing ability to adapt, but also a wide variety of insects, the ecological basis. Insecta Lepidoptera is the second largest in the head, due to the body and wings are named after a large number of scales. Butterfly is a kind of daytime activities, Lepidoptera, usually from their bright colors and rod-like tentacles, and the rest of the way they are - four wings folded, to identify and establish in the back. After expanding the base of butterfly wings and powerful, in connection with the flight and wing support. Butterfly world, 17,000 or so known species are striking insects. China's more than 1,300 butterfly species, 170 kinds in Beijing. Butterfly is a complete metamorphosis insects - life has egg, larva, pupa and adult phases. Mostly plant-eating larvae, adult nectar places siphoning mouthparts. Lepidoptera Moths are the largest groups, accounting for Lepidoptera species 9 / 10. Many changes in the appearance of moths, it is difficult for general description. Most nocturnal moths, body color dark; there are some daytime activities, colorful species. However, moths and butterflies have antennae difference - they do not reach the end of the rod, but showing filamentous, feathered, and other styles; another front wings of most moths is to rely on some special connection structure to achieve the flight of wings connected - wing and wing bridle yoke existence, moths and butterflies have made more difference approach. Moths also complete metamorphosis of insects, because many of larval food source for humans, moths and human relations will become closer insect taxa. Diptera, including mosquito, grasshopper, gnats, horseflies, flies, etc., is the larger of the head Insecta. As the adult wing is membranous, after the wing degenerate into "balance bar" and name. Diptera are divided into Longhorn, Shorthorn and three sub-orders split ring. Asian long-horn antenna in six or more purposes, including the mosquito, grasshopper, gnats, the groups are relatively low; short horn antenna in five sub-projects below the normal three, known as the "gadfly"; ring is what we commonly known as crack suborder The "fly." Obvious characteristics of the purpose of Hymenoptera, including chewing mouthparts, wings front and rear wings connected by hook completion. This groups is widely distributed, more than 100,000 kinds of known species, estimated that at least 250,000 kinds, including ants and bees. Abdominal constriction according to whether the base tapering into Symphyta and waist suborder. Symphyta are phytophagous and low groups, including the sawfly, wasp, bee and other groups stems; waist suborder includes the purpose of most types of Hymenoptera, including ants, wasps and a variety of parasitic bees. O. Coreidae Leptocorisa chinensis Hemiptera, Orthoptera, also known as different. These insects commonly known as "stinkbug." There are 38,000 known species, Insecta is one of the main groups. Hemiptera insect wing covered in the rest of the body back, after the wings hidden beneath. As the wing base of the ossification of some groups thickening, a "semi-elytra-like" and its name. Mouthparts of sucking mouthparts to plants or other animals, the body juices for food. An incomplete metamorphosis insects. The abdominal scent glands, predators will encounter a volatile smelly liquid jet. It is also a "bug." Orthoptera is a kind of common insects, including the grasshopper Si, crickets, mole crickets, locusts, etc., more than 20,000 kinds of known around the world, is widely distributed. Slightly hardened adult wing, known as "follow-wing", after the membranous wings. This groups is incomplete metamorphosis, nymphs and adults eat mostly plants, for agriculture, forestry, cash crops have damage; few species is omnivorous or carnivorous. Orthoptera is a more primitive insect groups, originated in the original Orthoptera, in the Carboniferous period has been divided into tentacles long grasshopper Si class, and the locusts reach a shorter class. Many types of battle as chirping or the habits of a traditional ornamental insects, such as fighting cricket and grasshopper Si. Other insects: Hexapoda including Protura, Collembola, and Insecta two-tailed Gang. Insecta addition to these seven projects than there are other 24 projects, totaling 31 head. Insecta wide range of shapes and sizes, but with exoskeletons, the three pairs of legs are their common characteristics. Many species is familiar: "ephemeral" in Ephemeroptera - mayflies; singing loud Homoptera - cicada; prey ferocious Mantodea - praying mantis; ubiquitous head cockroach - cockroaches; is nasty milkfish - body lice, Siphonaptera - fleas, and so people. Whether you like it or not, they are in place in our lives.
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Insect species
Known about 100 million, the total known species of animals, 3 / 4, in the dominant terrestrial animals. Entomologists estimate the actual existing types in between 200 million to 5 million kinds. The purpose of most types of Coleoptera (Coleoptera, beetles), Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, butterflies, moths), Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera, bees, ants) and Diptera (Diptera, flies, mosquitoes). Most insects, small, usually less than 6 mm long, but the size of disparities. Some very small, such as parasitic wasps; and some tropical insects are quite large, up to 16 cm long. Many different types of gender structure. Such as twist Heteroptera (Strepsiptera) of the female egg only into a full pocket of the inactive structure, while the males have wings, very active. Reproduction in different ways, reproductive and strong. Some insects (eg mayflies) only in the larval feeding, not feeding from the body. Social insects, ants, and Wei later (after termites) can live 50 years or more. However, some mayfly adult life less than two hours. Habits vary. Density varies greatly, in a wet soil in insects can be as many as 4 million, but only in the same context may occasionally see a butterfly, bumble bees or beetles and other large insects. From desert to jungle, from ice to the cold mountain streams to lowland reservoirs and spa's death, a fresh water or land every habitat, as long as there is food, there is insect life. There are many people living in sea water salinity up to 1 / 10 of the salty water, a few species live in sea water. Some Diptera larvae can live in the oil pool, feeding the insects fall into the pool. Insects usually have breathing egg shell holes and shell to form a ventilation network. Some insect eggs sticking together to form egg cases. Some insects in the egg stage through the adverse environment. If some of the grasshopper egg through to the summer drought, when the re-development to be wet. In dry conditions in the development of Aedes eggs after entering a dormant period, such as into the water, quickly hatch.
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Insect development and reproduction
Larvae hatched in different ways. Such as moths, butterflies animal bite out of the eggshell; fleas are hatching spines with stab and cut a slit in the shell; some egg shells on the eggs turned out cover eggs. Larvae hatch when swallowed air, in order to earn a hard egg shell; after hatching to the skin to harden before, continue to swallow air, the expansion itself. Once the hardening of the skin, it can not long, only through a series of molting, the shedding old skin, grow larger in order to grow new skin on the occasion. Molt, the body may be sudden change. Most primitive wingless insects, such as silverfish, grew up into adults in the process of the body structure is almost unchanged, as no insect metamorphosis. The grasshopper (Orthoptera [Orthoptera]), bugs (Heteroptera] [iso Homoptera) and aphid (Homoptera [Homoptera]), the same shape at first, until finally become winged adults, but also mature genital , called incomplete metamorphosis. Of higher Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera are complete metamorphosis, the larvae completely unlike the adult; a series of molting larvae, small changes, then change the pupa, and then becoming an adult. Larvae of a variety of shapes, can be divided into five types ︰ Zhu type (moths, butterflies animals), grub-type, silverfish type (Bing type), beetle larvae and maggot-type type. Pupae were divided into pupae (with varying degrees of limb close to the body), from pupae (appendages not close to the body) and around the pupa (essentially from the pupa, larval skin but was surrounded by the formation of the capsule) . Molting and metamorphosis are controlled by hormones. Molt from the brain neurosecretory cells produce hormones launched. This hormone acts on a chest of endocrine glands - before the thymus, thymus produced before molting hormone, acting on the dermis and stimulate the growth and formation of the epidermis. Metamorphosis is also subject to hormonal control ︰ throughout the larval stage, behind a small gland called the pharyngeal side of the body, the secretion of juvenile hormone. As long as there are juvenile hormone in the blood, are the larvae molt dermal cells skin. To the last instar larvae no longer produce juvenile hormone, so the insect metamorphosis to become adults. In complete metamorphosis insects, pupae in a very small amount of juvenile hormone in the case development. Although any insect diapause period can occur, but is most common in the pupal stage. In the temperate zone, many insects overwinter in the pupal stage. Mating and spawning needs proper temperature and nutrition. In particular, the protein needs of Lepidoptera adults only sugar and water, the larvae under the reserve when necessary protein. Temperature and nutrition often affect hormone secretion. Spawning usually juvenile hormone or hormones from neurosecretory cells. Without these hormones, the reproductive disruption. These phenomena observed in the winter potato beetle. A small number of rare insects, male from female to parthenogenesis. Temperate aphids produced only camp in the summer parthenogenetic female aphids, aphid embryo in the mother within the development (viviparous). Some gall midge larvae of ovarian oocytes in the parthenogenetic case began to develop, the larvae destroy the wall to escape female parasites, called larvae reproduction.
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Habits of insects
Lu Shengkun insects in the environment is too hot when looking for a cool damp premises. Such as exposure to the sun, it put themselves in the position of the smallest surface heating. If too cold, insects stay in the sun for heating. Many butterfly wings in flight before the need to collect heat. Moth wings in flight before the shock or shake the body, and by the hair or scales around the body to form a layer of air insulation to keep body heat. The most suitable flight muscle temperature is 38 ~ 40 ℃ (100 ~ 104 ℉). In the cold, the body is frozen insects greatest danger. Species can overwinter in cold regions as cold insects. A few insects can tolerate ice crystals appear in body fluids, but in this case, cell contents may not be frozen. However, most insects means to prevent freezing cold. Frost effect was partly due to a large concentration of glycerol as antifreeze; partly due to physical changes in the blood, the temperature is far below the freezing point and does not freeze. Anti-arid, including hard wax and the expansion of water storage mechanism. Aquatic insects in addition to walking legs and a significant change for swimming, the main adaptive change is breathing. Some rise to the surface to breathe. Mosquito control using only the end of the last breath of abdominal breathing holes. Longshi between the elytra and abdomen with a storage chamber. Air-breathing insects in the surface air layer formed between the hair, such as the role of the gills, it made the water from the air, extending dive time. Insect larvae in the water directly from the water to get gas. Chironomid larvae are abundant throughout the epidermis of the trachea. Trichoptera (Trichoptera) and Ephemeroptera (Ephemeroptera) larvae have tracheal gills. Large dragonfly larvae gills in the rectum, anus and out of the water provided from the oxygen.
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Insect respiratory
Insects, no nose, how they breathe it? Insects is the original tracheal breathing, they have a special respiratory system, that is composed by the valve and tracheal organ systems, the valve is equivalent to their "nose." Chest and abdomen in insects arranged in neat rows on each side of a line of round holes, this is the valve. Valve is similar to human nostrils, have exclusive competence in the orifice filter cloth brush and sieve, as the same gate to prevent the invasion of other objects. There is also open and close the valve can be a small flap, holds the valve closed. Valve with the trachea connected to the trachea and branch into many micro-tube, through to various parts of the body insects. Insects rely on a shrinking piece of the abdomen, through the valve, the trachea for breathing. Terrestrial insects can be highly adaptable environment, one of the reasons is that with this special respiratory system. Ants, grasshoppers, mantis, butterflies, bees, mosquitoes, flies and other insects Lu Shengkun are breathing in this way. The insects live in water valve is used for breathing. Like a dragonfly, mayfly larvae of long-term adaptation of the aquatic environment, but also the formation of a new respiratory organs - tracheal gills like a fish can breathe the air dissolved in water.
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Lee and harmful insects
Insects in the natural environment plays an important role. They help break down organic matter, bacteria and other organisms to help build the soil. With the evolution of insects and flowers, many flowers rely on insects as pollinators. Some insects provide important products such as honey, silk, wax, dyes, pigments, and thus were useful, but feeding all kinds of organic matter, causing great damage to agriculture. Pest destruction or storage of natural wood grain or in grain, livestock and human transmission micro-organisms.
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Largest and smallest insect
Atlas moth is only distributed in Southeast Asia, is a huge moth. Its wing has 400 square centimeters of the wide wingspan of up to 30 cm. English name of the "Atlas", because of its wing pattern shape of the map; the end part of the wing like a snake's head, in order to deter predators. No adult mouthparts, larvae alone time remaining in the body fat to survive, life is probably only one or two weeks. By the end of the female moth abdominal glands secrete hormones, and male moths even in the wind at a few kilometers away, still sensitive to. Adults quickly mate. After the female moths lay eggs, consume the body fat after they die. From the weight, the world's heaviest insects in tropical America, a huge rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera rhinoceros beetles Branch). This rhinoceros beetles to the end of their abdomen protruding from the head up to 155 mm, body width 100 mm, compared with a maximum of goose is also large. Actually its weight about 100 grams, a considerable weight of two eggs. In addition, Brazil's production of a beetle (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) in length are also more than 150 mm. However, body length, the longest living insect is a stick insect in the Malay Peninsula, and its length of 270 mm, much longer than a pencil.
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World's longest insect
Spiked foot barbed stick insect English: Giant Walking Stick Scientific name: Phobaeticus serratipes the world's longest insect This should be seen as the insect as a pet one of the best candidates for tropical insects. Stick insect mesh (Phasmatodea) The word comes from the Greek word "phasma". Means "ghost", vividly illustrates the type of insect mimicry itself around the branches or leaves into the ability. It is up to two feet (about 61cm) in length making it the longest in the insect kingdom. Many types of female stick insects live alone, asexual reproduction. Stick insects for the vegetarian insects, but in the molting period, they will eat their shed skin off. When they realize the danger, they usually fell to the ground playing dead, or the long wavering. World's smallest and lightest insects Hymenoptera Ying Chalcididae Mymaridae an egg bee Alaptus magnonimus Annandale, body length is only 0.21 mm, its weight is also very small, only 0.005 mg. About conversion, 200,000 only 1 gram, 10 million have an egg so important.
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Sound principles of insect
Insects pronunciation is divided into three categories: (A) the flight, feeding, courtship activities. Human beings can hear the vibration frequency of 20 ~ 20000Hz. Butterflies for the 7 ~ 13Hz; flies to 147 ~ 220Hz; mosquitoes flap their wings when flying the vibration frequency of about 594Hz; so we can hear the flapping wings of flies and mosquito's voice. (B) the impact of other physical objects produced. Such as stolen beetle head hit the tunnel wall sound, certain types of male courtship when Tenebrionidae female breast using abdominal Friction tumor with a sharp sound. (C) the insects have their own special vocal organs. (1) friction pronunciation. Vocal of the two parts rub against each other and pronunciation. Such as cricket, katydid, locusts, mole crickets, bugs, beetles, beetle and so on. (2) membrane vibration pronunciation. Homoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera of some species have such a pronounced way.
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Insects commonly known as
Not the old Beijing residential buildings, bungalows have a courtyard or small yard, there is little bigger garden, in addition to diffuse into the brick outside Yong Lu is land, plant some trees, flowers, weeds also grow many flowers, There are a variety of small insects living there, added a lot of our childhood fun. Over one cycle time, and now hard to see them, remember it is still missing. The small insects, some cute, some scary; some called "beneficial insects", and some as "vermin", and some regarded as beneficial insects or pests do not know. I believe that time and their accompanying children who will not forget them. Firefly: summer cruising in the corner walls of fireflies, like the flow of small lanterns glowed yellow-green light. They fly very calm, beautiful and elegant, so you do not have the heart to brutally hurt them. Had heard adults say: In ancient times there is a poor reader, at night they collected Excuse me reading the story, leaving the "capsule firefly Yingxue," the story. Stinky sister: scientific name is called stinkbug, right? She can fly about fingernail size, covered with black ash, only under the wings of a little pink, I do not know why as sister, and that was not good-looking, and there are tremendous odor, sticky hands of half a day to wash. She has this mode of self-defense skills, enough to make malicious things back away. Western Shiraz: Beijing's jujube many dates, although delicious, foreign Shiraz terrible. He has camouflage, light green and almost half of jujube, soft like a leech, covered with fine hair, stick to the hands of him once, very red and swollen itching to be a piece of dough, preferably chewed gum, to see just fine plush stick out better. Kitchen horse: when the kitchen cooking brick juh, bank up a fire day and night, eternal night, and in the eyes of fire next to the puzzle into a slender small tank, called the "pond tank", the use of residual heat do the hot water, wash or wash the dishes with, is a good energy-saving measures. Winter is also the warm kitchen stove will give birth to many horses, said that this is the Kitchen God's horse. Horse with crickets kitchen looks similar, but are small, yellow, less than robust, beautiful and aggressive cricket, sounds are not loud. Sensual poor stove horse to them much, and it did not like the crickets as fate: being kept in a jar and provoke them to fight each other for fun. When the kitchen does not seem popular now cockroaches, I do not know when cockroaches are introduced, it is more annoying than the stove horse. Kowtow insects: body about 1.5 cm, black, pointy head hard. He took the nails on the cover, it will knock his head pops to the sound of fingernails, little things, big neck, so much strength. They have a kind of large insects the ability to play dead, lie down and die casual encounters danger, or even overturned, motionless, and the real thing. Stay conscious while the risk is over, rolled over ran away, only to have such a scheming little things. Eupolyphaga: Many insects can not tell male and female, Eupolyphaga very clear: the public of a small, winged, female or even as big as silver dollars, no wings, a circular lid buckle body, style is very concise. To turn it over, it will use Zhuaer hard top, the effort to make their anteroposterior, it looks clumsy but persistent. Listen to adults that can Eupolyphaga medicine, and is the mother, and I can not imagine what it taste? How to drink? ! Wasps: slender young man described as a robust back at first called "horse wasp waist," Ma wasp waist is too small, like with a stick connected to the lower body. Children are afraid of it, the more frightened the more like stir up a hornets' nest, looking for stimulation, but now I think, they go back to the wasp and the wasp was gone his own son in the family how sad! Beetles: a tall, large hard shell flying insects, covered with black and black, the best is to see that two slender and curved horns outside, black and white and white is very unique. It is very strong, so the beetle called it, put a cord can pull toy wooden car, "beetle pull carts" became well-known children's game. Grasshopper: the locusts, if they become a terrible disaster, the city's children have not seen. Grasshopper's legs look great, thick thighs like a lute hanging upside down, legs fine, exceptionally strong jumping ability. In track and field, you see, run and jump athlete's thigh is like that. Dragonfly knife: the mantis, if you found the knife in the bushes dragonfly, it is often standing up holding a barbed teeth arms, shaking slightly before and after demonstrations to you, that is Mantis standard posture. Guada flat: the color green, slender, pointed head, much like the Concorde, the guy looks good, but not say what its big name. The sound of its flight Guadaguata, so I Guada flat bar. That is why, often exposing himself was arrested, the sound of it is for what?
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Other uses of insects
Refers to Kunming in Yunnan Province. Kunming people like to travel by car on holidays, to enjoy nature to bring joy to the heart, indicating the Kunming people's lives very interesting. "Insects" flying the sky, greatly contributed to the state's tourism economy; this play, to enrich the lives of Kunming cousin, but also to people of the state to make a contribution. Kunming is certainly not in the developed cities on the personal wealth so 牛逼, but the attitude has remained well. Many insect species, full of wonders. In this section, the _select_ion of some of the insects, through pictures, to show they are peculiar, strange, or form, or habits interesting. We give an example, Beijing and other places in the Ministry of Liu Shuji many ants are often seen in the busy, you can still see the bark on the base of a clay cover (Figure A), can be found in some of the height to poke relatively large aphids (Figure B). This large long-beaked willow aphid called aphid, body length up to 4 mm, the most surprising is its beak (the so-called mouth), is longer than the body, up to 8 mm. But think about it is not surprising, it has to pass through the thick bark, to be sucked inside the phloem sap of the tree. If the mouth is not long, can breathe food? If we are serious investigation about it, that it must be symbiotic with ants. Aphids to nutrient-rich excrement (called honeydew) as a gift ants; the ants as they build a house, to protect the safety of aphids. If you do not cooperate with the ants, aphids and their own lives this work? The answer is no. We know there are a lot of aphids on the ground of natural enemies, such as a the beetles (beetle), there is no protection of the ants, aphids can not live this. This is because it is the living habits of the decision. Beak puncture with a thick bark is not an easy thing to do, we should _set_ aside beak is also not easy; if the arrival of further A-level predators, there is no protection of the ants, they just wait to die. Aphids and ants, so the only alliance, there is no other way out. The tree has a variety of other aphid defenses. In fact, if we are careful of insects and in-depth observational study, you can always find a variety of insects are their survival, or in the course of history, was eliminated. They are associated with plants or animals the relationship between the rich philosophy, these are insects in the long process of evolution, of nature or the result of other organisms to adapt to each other. Figure B experience interference if the aphids, ants will come forward, will help long-beaked willow aphid Stomaphis sinisalicis large dial exports to convert them to move underground.
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English Expression
n.: collar, conjunctiva, costa, hexapod, insect, swarm, thorax, provisional mandibles, large number of insects, birds, etc moving around together, esp bees following a queen bee （
adj.: cirrate, coleopterous, costate
vt.: swat
vi.: stridulate
French Expression
n. insecte
Thesaurus
entomology
Related Phrases
eliminate the four pests--rats, bedbugs, flies and mosquitoes
insect Snakes