Kinds of Chinese name: Wuliangshan bamboo
Latin species name: fargesia wuliangshanensis yi
Kinds of aliases: Pleioblastus
Section Chinese name: grass
Kela Ding Name: gramineae
Is a Chinese name: bamboo is
Is a Latin name: fargesia
Domestic distribution: the formation of long, rectangular, serrated leaf edge with a small bristle-like. No flowers. Shoots 8 months. Production in central Yunnan. Born in elevation of 3000-3100 meters in the rain in evergreen broad-leaved forest, the soil is brown. Specimens collected from the East King County Wuliangshan Yakou.
Elevation :3000-3100
Name Source: [acta bot. Yunn. 10 (4): 438.f.2. 1988]
Flora of China: 9 (1): 459
Department of Chinese Name: shorter triangular sheath system
Department of Latin name: ser.yunnanenses
Group Chinese name: bamboo group
Group Latin name: sect. fargesia
Subfamily Chinese name: Xiao Zhu subfamily
Subfamily Latin name: thamnocalaminae keng f.
Chinese family name: North American bamboo family
Latin family name: arundinarleae nees
Super-family of Chinese name: North American bamboo super family
Super Family Latin name: arundinariatae keng et keng f.
Subfamily Chinese name: Bambusoideae
Subfamily Latin name: bambusoideae nees
Present Chinese name: Wo the head
Mesh Latin name: graminales (poales)
Gang Chinese name: dicotyledons Gang
Gang Latin name: monocotyledoneae
Door Chinese name: angiosperms door
Doors Latin name: angiospermae
Characteristics: pole handle 4-8 cm long, 1.3-2 cm thick. Pole 3-7 m high, 1.5-2.5 cm thick; internode length 26-30 (44) cm, base pole section length between 7-10 cm, cylindrical, childhood white powder (in the section below thick ring of white powder in particular), often with the old black dirt, hollow or even close to solid, pole and wall thickness 4-8 mm; sheath ring bulge, at first with yellow bristles; pole or branch of a flat ring section of the swollen ; section 3-5 mm long. Pole bud round to oval, marginal students cilia. Minutes per session, 4-pole 15 (23) branches, sticks show oblique diameter of 1-4 mm. Sheath sheath triangular-shaped oval, light brown, leathery, hard, shorter than internode (internode length of about 3 / 5), short triangular tip, back in addition to the base substrate densely yellowish warts bristle, the remaining part of the warts are adnate thin bristle base, vertical veins significant edge dense cilia; sheath with no or little ears, mouth shoulders of the sheath length is 2-5 with a 2-4 mm of seam hair; sheath concave tongue, 1-3 mm high; sheath film valgus, long triangular, often within the upper edge of the volume. Branchlets with 3 or 4 leaves; leaf sheath 2.8-3.8 cm long, vertical veins obvious, obvious upper longitudinal ridge, the edge non-ciliated; leaves no ears, mouth shoulders of the sheath length 3 with 3-5 -6 mm of the let down hair; leaves the tongue concave, about 0.5 mm; petiole 1.5-2.5 mm long; blade linear-lanceolate, long (4) 5-9.5 cm wide (5) 7.5- 12 mm, base cuneate, lower surface gray-green, glabrous, secondary veins 3 or 4 pairs, small cross-veins clear, the formation of long, rectangular, serrated leaf edge with a small bristle-like. No flowers. Shoots 8 months.
Uses: bamboo bitter, unfit for human consumption; split bamboo pole used for weaving.
Distribution of origin: the formation of long, rectangular, serrated leaf edge with a small bristle-like. No flowers. Shoots 8 months. Production in central Yunnan. Born in elevation of 3000-3100 meters in the rain in evergreen broad-leaved forest, the soil is brown. Specimens collected from the East King County Wuliangshan Yakou.
References: fargesiawuliangshanensisyiinact. bot. yunnan. 10 (4): 438. f. 2.1988; Yunnan under the trees, Illustrated books, 1344. Figure 625.1991.
The system overview: sheath sheath triangle, sometimes with a short section of its nearly as long, leathery, apex short triangular base of the sheath width is narrower than sheath. Type species: Kunming solid bamboo fargesia yunnanensis hsuch et yi I made 26 kinds of the system.
The Group Overview: shrubby or tree-like. Pole buds single, long oval, flat, with its obvious within a few buds, close to the pole surfaces: sawdust pulp was like or the small amount of spongy; pole ring flat or slightly elevated, usually less than the sheath ring; chi flat ring. Sheath sheath accommodation deposit or late fall, rare early fall; sheath under the care of the ear to the presence or inflorescence formed by the sheath to expand, large or small spathe. Type species: Fargesia fargesiaspathaceafranch. This group contains species by recent excavations, nearly 70 known species, divided into the following four lines.
This is an overview: franch. inbull. linn. soc. paris2: 1067.1893; emend. t. p. yiinjourn. bamb. res. 7 (2): 1.1988. -Sinarundinarianakaiinjourn. jap. bot. 11 (1): 1.1935, sinefl. descr. , Nom. invalid. Shrub-like tree-like bamboo or thin can be. Co-axial underground stems, pole, whip off the handle chunky, ranging from the ends of thick, front-end (far end pole female) diameter greater than the back-end (near the pole end of the mother), in the middle than the ends of the thin, internode length often 5 mm below the solid, usually without airway, scales (fake whip the sheath) for the triangle, closely arranged. Pole upright, sparse clusters or near scattered; section between the cylindrical, hollow, solid or nearly solid; pole flat or even slightly elevated ring, ring is usually lower than its sheath; the vascular pole was open or semi-open ; pole single bud, k oval, attached rod and students in the group round pole bud bud clear mountain bamboo shoots formed for the l most complex pieces of semi-circular when the buds is not paste pole; pole branch points per session, and even more branches, branches show oblique or vertical, near-thick, relatively flat loop branches. Sheath sheath accommodation deposit or late fall, early fall thin, leathery or thick paper, with a bristle or nearly hairless; sheath without ears, or obvious; sheath tongue arched or _truncate_; sheath piece triangular lanceolate or ribbon, loss of, or thin places can be kept; the final stage of twig with a few leaves; leaves small-to medium-sized, with a small cross-vein. Cylindrical cone-shaped inflorescence, or the total, was born with the top leaves twig, inflorescence from the leaf sheath below to expand care to large or small, from a group of spathe, resulting in inflorescence at first only by the top of the spathe opening the side exposed, but later due to the extension of the spindle and flower spathe off or broken, will enable the inflorescence completely exposed; spikelet shape slender, with long-handled; Ying 2; lemma tip with a small tip, or was Mans like, a rapid pulse, a small cross-veins usually obvious; palea equal length or slightly shorter than its lemma, with 2 back ridge, apex with 2 teeth crack; scale is 3, the edges of Health cilia; stamens 3, filaments separated anther yellow; ovary oval, style 1 or 2, stigma 2 or 3; caryopsis slender. Type species: Fargesia fargesiaspathaceafranch. Origin port city of Sichuan. This is more than 80. According to current knowledge, except in eastern Nepal and Sikkim, with a total production spend bamboo f. racemosa (munro) yi, the other types are produced: in our country. In China, the North from the east slope of the Qilian Mountains, south of Hainan, east Jiangxi, Hunan, Tibet, Geelong West until, at an altitude of 1400 --- 3800 meters of vertical sections are the bamboo is grown, of which the most abundant species in Yunnan . In the past often think that this little bamboo, located in inconvenient traffic conditions in the mountains, little economic value. In fact, many of this bamboo species, widely distributed, considerable forest area, volume rich, multi-use, a considerable number of types of the pole for the medium, is the urgent need to develop the use of precious natural resources. This is almost all bamboo species are on the mountain soil and water conservation, reduce runoff, conserve water, regulate micro-climate environment, the promotion of agricultural yield different levels of fertility and so plays a beneficial role.
Overview of the family: pleiollastinaekengetkangf.inclan. gen. sp. gram. prim. sin. app. nora. syst. l, 153.1957; figure said China's main plant grass xxxiv, w. 29. 1959intabl. clav. veldescriinsinicetantum; kengf. injourn. bank. res. 1 (1): 9.17.1982; inibid. 1l (1): 24.1992, indescs. latinetsinica, prosyn. subtr. subaiundinarrinae. Underground stems single or multiple shaft; pole upright, tree-like, between sections in a cylindrical or slightly flattened lower side of branches, sub-pole is only the beginning of each section 1-3 (5) main branch, but thereafter proliferation of multi-branch or can not, if only with a main branch, its very thin diameter than the pole; leaves a small or medium, very rare for a large. Ye apical inflorescence or in the lateral, when the lateral, then the twig with inflorescence length does not exceed, including a raw piece of it with Ye, inflorescence with a group of care under the bracts gradually increase or no The bracts but normal feeding leaves; stamens mostly 3, add 1 can be further diluted or two as well as six pieces (such as acid Phyllostachys acidosasa). Mode are: North America bamboo is arundinariamichx. Only 1 or 2, the North American specialty of the southeast Asian nation of about 7 genera and are distributed in East Asia subtropical low-lying areas, in addition to North America North American bamboo is a specialty, but six are 77 kinds of China.
Super Family Overview: kengetkengf.exkengf.injourn. bamb. res. 11 (1): 22.1992descr. inlatineetsinice; Division seed plants in China to retrieve the table with Rosaceae, Leguminosae Gramineae decile is a search-cum-table in Appendix 55,67 pages, 1951; China mainly grasses and species keys attached to the system directory 1,151.1957; China's major Illustrated plant grass xxxiii, 2,7.1959, omninoproseriessubbambusoideae, inclav. velindescr. sinicetantum; journ. bamb. res. 1 (1): 9,14.1982, intab. etclav. sinicetantum; journ. wubanbot. 4 (4): 332.1986, descr. insinice; journ. bamb. res. 6 (3): 15.1987, descr. inanglice. There are various types of underground stems. Pole sheath mostly residential storage or late fall. Inflorescence a single place or racemose panicles (foreign species can have spike or capitulum), the total inflorescence stems long, its nutritious leaves or leaves under the metamorphosis from the bracts or spathe entrusted with; inflorescence axis and its branches are uniform in structure and continuity, that is, without a clear section of ring;, so different and nutrition axis, inflorescence branches at the birth, although often even a small degradation bracts, but in the axils of bracts, first-out leaves absolutely no existence, only when the axillary inflorescence branches within the tumor with a pillow. Spikelets usually with a handle (very few species can be exceptions), the base addition to Ying 2 or 3, there is no deformation of the leaves with care. Fruit mostly caryopsis, nut-like thin for. Mode are: North America are arundinariamichaux bamboo in China in addition to the super-family section column produced in Central and South America outside the bamboo family arthrostylideae, namely, incense, and the North American bamboo bamboo family chusqueeae family arundinarieae tribes, a total of 16 genera containing 250 species, distributed in eastern China , south and southwest provinces and autonomous regions, most species are still high-altitude mountains.
Subfamily Description: woody plants, the body contained sio2 up to 70%, often shrub-like tree or. Pole and the branches of the section can be students at all levels of 1 to several buds, buds and then later into the branches, thus forming a complex branching system; underground stem (rhizome) are also quite well-developed and lignified (meaning they grow in terms of plant), or a cross walk on the ground in Rhizome [This is the single-axis type (monopodium), because of the Rhizome small diameter than the pole, is also known as thin-type (1eptomorph)], or the number of pole (culm-base) and pole handle (culmneck) both together and become a single cluster heap [which means that the shaft (sympodium) or coarse (pachymorph)], a section of the handle pole without buds, usually on nor in its root, it works to extend the time longer , called the fake whip (pseudorhizome), then the ground rod was more sparse and thin scattered cluster, such as with both of these two types of underground stem, is called re-shaft type (amphipodium), its natural for multi-pole ground plexus nature; new growth pole has a special way, that is, from underground stems (Rhizome or pole base) shoots up unearthed from Xinmiao [commonly known as the shoot)), it was originally a short period of time without branching. Type II leaves, stems and leaves are divided leaves and nutrition; stem and leaf solitary and large branches of the pole sections, corresponding to known rod-sheath (culm-sheath), branch sheath (branehsheath), they have quite developed than the thin sheath sheath and the sheath without significant piece in the vein, the link between the two at the surface also gave birth to the axis of the tongue sheath, in addition to sheath and the sheath mouth Sui ear hair fairly frequently there, but absolutely no film sheath handle; feeding leaves two alternate rows in the final stage in the branch line branches (often called a leaf sprig) in all sections, and the formation of a similar compound leaf form of the same side, the sheath often overlapped each other, each wrapping, sheath also gave birth to the tongue leaves the top, leaf sheath and ear hair and other appendages mouth flint, leaf with petiole, midrib very significant, sub-pulse and pulse again, always make clear, easy to see little or no cross veins, petiole short, in the leaf sheath tongue from the inside and outside the top two leaves pockets formed within the cup, because the base of a joint, it can thereafter leaves together with petiole detached from the sheath, and the sheath is retained longer in the branches. Flowering is not fixed, it usually takes very long (years, decades or even centuries or more), some kind of life only once flowering period, flowering can often continue for several months. There are two basic types of bamboo inflorescence, like the ordinary one for grass as plants with flowers on the part (in the grass, the customary order spikelet as a unit) can form various patterns of inflorescence, their development is once completed, is termed a single occurrence of inflorescence (semelauctantinflorescence), its the raw parts are in the vegetative plant parts at the top of a feeding leaves [that the flag leaf (flag leaf or the uppermost leaf)] above, rachis and its branches (including spikelet stalk) are usually solid, that the internal structure of the upper and lower uniform branch office (including spikelets handle the Health Department) no obvious section, even to a small flake-shaped bracts, The axillary bud is no, only sometimes with axillary branches pillow tumor (tubereule), referred to as true in the bamboo flowers (genuineinflorescence), so with another type that is false inflorescence (false inflorescence) corresponding to; the latter type of The basic structure is false spikelets (pseudospikelet), which is Born l pieces of spikelets very top formed by shortening of the small branches, and this addition to the base of the sprig inside out as usual with a first leaf, its upper leaves Ying-like organs are diminished or lemma was shaped bracts, and spikelets with the top students lumped together in appearance and similar "spikelets," but this is indeed a complex of structures, the bottom part of the twig part of the bracts are often small in axillary buds [bud at this time with the bracts called bracts (bud-subtending bract)], if the axillary bud development, you can grow into secondary false spikelet, which the buds may also be develop into other renewable false spikelet, so repeated, may eventually form into a ball fake spikelet cluster, which is followed by the growth and development at all levels of false spikelets formed, so that this false spikelet cluster of continued took place ( interauctant inflorescence), which the students in the vegetative shoot even the sections in the main pole to form a spike-like, cone-shaped or spherical-shaped head and other patterns of flowers, but their axis and branches are not specialized, still with no vegetative branches different, or there is a clear section and hollow sections, which is why some people often mistake this squid, known as the "inflorescence." At best flower spikelets with 1 floret; Ying l to the number of tablets or non-temporal, temporal, and spikelet sometimes lower than lemma sterile flowers collectively known as the transition Ying (transitional glumes), but within the sterile lemma often with varying degrees of degradation of floral organs and can be differentiated with the real Ying; lemma with (3) 5 as well as multi-pulse pulse, apex awnless or with a small tip, rarely can be short and straight with l Mountain such as thorns, and from not geniculate Mans; palea veins with 2 or more veins, back with two cylindrical arc without ridge or ridges, apex sometimes split or concave; scales are mostly three, or more rare to be no 6 or more pieces; stamens (2), 3-6, for the most dilute (for example, our group did not produce the core of bamboo is ochlandra thwait.) filaments from each other or are part of the Link, and even with each other into a tube or sheet and a single stamen (monadelphous stamen); pistil 1, style l-3, stigma (1) 2-3 or more thin, ovary oval, oblong or nearly spherical, and sometimes the base of shrinkage And as with-handle. There are various types of fruits, grains more common, easy to slice with the separation lemma, when the thin skin can be dry or fresh meat, sometimes a large master, than the ovary at this time is increased many times the original volume (for example, bamboo is melocanna pear trin.), hilum linear, and fruit with a few long, embryo small, mostly f + pp-type or slightly into other types, mostly single grain endosperm starch (such as pears, bamboo is available without endosperm). Chromosome number x = 12. Model is:? Phyllostachys bambusa retz. corr. schreb. (Nom.cons.) Mbosretz. (Nom.rej.) Bambusoideae (excluding China does not produce herbal bamboo) on the narrower sense, namely, about 1000 kinds of 70 are generally grown in tropical and subtropical, especially in monsoon areas and more prevalent, but There are also some types of areas can be distributed to the cold temperature and high altitude mountain top; Asia and Central and South America, the largest number of species, followed by Africa, North America and Oceania rarely, outside Europe, in addition to no wild bamboo cultivation. In the place of origin is usually associated with other plants, but also the formation of a pure group. In addition to introduction and cultivation of those outside our country, 37 are known to have more than 500 species, sub-scribe 6 family; their natural distribution restricted to the south of the Yangtze River and its provinces, a few species also extending north to the Qinling Mountains, the Han River and the Yellow River Basin throughout.
Undergraduate Overview: woody plants (bamboo and tall grasses also showed some woody-like), or herbs. The vast majority of the root type of fibrous roots. Stems mostly erect, but also the spread even as creeping vine-like, usually easier to give birth in the base of tillers (sucker or shoot), clearly has a general section (node) and the internode (internode) in two parts [stems often at the undergraduate special called stalk (culm); called in the bamboo pole, to show to distinguish those with grass; section between the hollow, often cylindrical, or a little flat, was born in the cavity of the inner pith attached, but also a full cavity between the envoys were solid; within a section have a diaphragm (diaphragm) exists, it is isolated from the outside to see scabbard ring (sheathnode) and in the sheath of the stalk above the ring (culmnode ) in two parts, the same section of the two rings can be described as the distance between the upper and lower section (intrahode), stalk bud that was born here. Leaves leaf alternate, often 1 / 2 phyllotaxy interaction arranged in two lines, usually divided into three parts: ① sheath (leafsheadth),. It wrapped the main stalk and branches between the sections, usually open, with its two edges overlapping coverage, or two edges of healing and become a closed cylinder, the sheath at the base of Shaoke enlargement; ② leaf tongue (ligule) in the sheath connected at the top and leaves the adaxial, usually low membranous sheet, or to replace the sheath mouth Sui hair, thin is not obvious even without leaves the tongue, the sides also in the top of each leaf sheath extending a prominent body, which leaves the ear (auricle), the edge of the everyday hair ③ cilia or flint blade (blade), often long and narrow strip, there are oblong, oval, ovate or lanceolate and other shapes, the base direct the students in the top leaf sheath, sessile few grass and bamboo leaf could be a nutritional petiole (petiole)], leaves with the adaxial (upper surface) and abaxial (lower surface) of the two planes, without carrying out can be swept or dry form, there is a distinct midrib (midrib) and a number of parallel vertical long time pulse (sècondary veins), a small cross-vein (crossedveitilet) sometimes exist. Wind-pollinated flowers, only tropical rain forest of bamboo can be under some rare herbal insect pollination; flowers often sessile, the spikelets (rachilla) arranged in two lines on the interaction (especially to spend more time, and nature) to form spikelets ( spikelet), and then by their combination as the students in the stem end or the top of the various branches of the compound inflorescence, the spikelet only part of the bamboo directly with students in the pole sections and branches of the Department [of this situation can be said to have The real and only flower inflorescence (floweringbranch)], is indeed a very small cob shortening of the inflorescence axis (rachis), both in its section at birth bracts (boract) and first-out leaves (prophyll) the 1, if the bottom section had only a few bracts without otherness, then these can be called Ying bracts (glume), and another at the top of each section is located near the axis with bracts and the first the leaves, but also between the content with some flowers, bracts that time renamed lemma (lemma), corresponding to the first leaf is called a lemma (palea), usually in the habit of this two piece lemma (anthoecium) together with the included floral organs collectively referred to as flowers (floret), to a gender flowers, for example, include: ① lemma: usually green, with membranous, herbaceous, thin coriaceous, leather quality, texture and other cartilaginous, apex acuminate, acute tip, obtuse, cut flat, slightly concave or two split, often with parallel longitudinal veins, the main vein as well as apply the Mountain (also true of other veins); ② palea; often short of small, thin texture, also, apex mostly flat or slightly concave cross section, with 2 back ridge, there are a number of parallel longitudinal veins, the two ridges can be pointed out as a small or short Mans; ③ scales are (also known as the plasma sheet) (lodicule): This is the whorled perianth degradation within the wheel, namely, 2 or 3, can be more thin or nonexistent, form a small, membranous and transparent, the lower part of a vein pattern, on the edge Health small cilia; ④ stamens: the number (1) 3-6 pieces, rare for most, the next bit, with slender filaments and two-compartment vertical split (split dilute to the top hole) of the anther, which is often the central carrying silk top, later maturity can swing out to spend outside, to spread pollen; ⑤ pistil 1, with no handle (thin or handle) a sub-room ovary, style 2 or 3 (or more dilute a more), its top students with feathery brush or broom-shaped stigma, child room containing only a anatropous ovule, it is upright in the adaxial (ie close to the palea) side of the base. Fruit usually mostly caryopsis (caryopsis), its fruit and seed coat thin cortical healing, usually wrapped with pieces together as its lemma grain (grain), also may have other types of fruit and a free or partly free peel; seeds are usually rich in starch endosperm and a small form embryoid bodies, which is located in the fruit or seeds abaxial (ie close to the lemma) of the base, on the other side you can see from the outside or the base of linear or point shaped hilum (hilium), often also referred to as linear hilum ventral groove (ventral sulcus). Mode are: Poa poa l. About 700 undergraduate is known, nearly 10,000 species, is second only monocotyledon Orchidaceae orchidaceae the second largest section, but the distribution is broader than the much more lush and individuals, that it is more adapt to different types of ecological environment, and even can be said that all the growth of seed plants on earth the place has its traces. China's provinces has its own distribution, in addition to excluding the introduction of exotic species, but is made more than 200, 1,500 or more, can be attributed to scribe in 7 subfamilies, about 45 families.
The project overview: This project is only one subject with grass, the character description can refer to that subject. Some people think it's genetic past and Cyperaceae cyperceae more closely, and would therefore end by this scribe in the two subjects within the Ying Garden glumiflorae. According to recent research, especially through the leaf anatomy and pollen and other aspects of research, has proved not to be undergraduate is likely to be from the outside leaves of vine branches flagellariaceae is joinvillea gaudichaud this type of grass plants evolved. Gramineae and Cyperaceae is similar morphology, not a real kinship, so they should not be the same scribe in a mesh.
Distribution of origin: production of central Yunnan. Born in elevation of 3000-3100 meters in the rain in evergreen broad-leaved forest, the soil is brown. Specimens collected from the East King County Wuliangshan Yakou.
References: fargesiawuliangshanensisyiinact. bot. yunnan. 10 (4): 438. f. 2.1988; Yunnan under the trees, Illustrated books, 1344. Figure 625.1991. |
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