Chinese name: goral Chinese alias: Qingyang, goat, goat, blue sheep, goats Latin name: naemorhedus goral Species names of people and years: (hardwicke, 1825) English common name: goral Synonym: antilope goral, naemorhedus duvaucelii h. smith, 1827; naemorhedus bedfordi lydekker, 1905; naemorhedus hodgsoni pocock, 1908, Category: Industry: animal kingdom animalia Door: Door chordata chordates Gang: mammalia mammalia Head: Artiodactyla artiodactyla Section: Bovidae bovidae Subfamily: sheep subfamily caprinae Are: goral is naemorhedus
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Shape features
Body size, such as goats, but no beard. Body length 110-130 cm, shoulder 70 hundred meters high, weighing 40-50 kg. Both male and female with short black straight angle, length 15-20 cm. Short and well-proportioned limbs, narrow and strong hooves. Differ from areas and coat, usually gray-brown, brown back, back pattern, with a white throat. Body hair, thick and soft, usually in brown, but the hairs tipped as a dark brown, seems to be looming at a distance of pitting, there is also a "Ma sheep," said. No mane hair, but the head along the back there is a dark brown dorsal stripes, throat white or pale yellow throat spots. Head narrower and shorter, wider face, kiss the nose exposed larger areas, extends back to the nose later. Eyes large, prominent to the left, infraorbital gland does not, ears longer. Xiongshou and Cishou are black horns, short small, 15 to 20 cm in length, the longest record of 23.2 cm. Angle of the base in close proximity, separated by only 1 to 2 cm from the top of the frontal bone to grow back after the tilt angle of the bottom tip slightly bent backwards. Angle sharp sharp, smooth, and the rest with more than 10 horizontal edges, the number of age-related, horizontal edges between light and fine vertical groove, but not fragmented horizontal edges. Cishou angle slightly smaller. Short limbs, narrow hoof, hoofed gland. Tail short, long, fluffy hair, black. Groin dirty white, brown and white. 2 Department of mouse mouse nipple, but no mouse mouse gland.
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Distribution
In China located in the northeast, north, northwest, south and southwestern provinces; abroad is still seen in Nepal, India, Myanmar and the former Soviet Union in Siberia. ellerman and morrison-scott (1951) who will be divided into seven sub-species of goral, after the gloves and grubb (1985) separate from the caudatus as a valid species.
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Environment
A typical forest-dwelling mammals, and diverse habitats, from subtropical to temperate regions of the north are distributed, can be found in mountain coniferous forest, mountain mixed forest and montane evergreen broad-leaved forest, but not found in tropical forests. Often in the jungle infested slope between the steep cliffs, and Yashi next to the caves or among a small cluster of bamboo trail hidden. Generally of a few or more than 10 only with the activities, scope of its activities does not exceed more than upper forest line. It is generally inhabit the mountains, dense forests and deep valleys, steep features. Nature alone, like a single event, or to form 2 to 3 small groups. Mostly sunny winter rock slopes in the sun in summer or cliff hidden in the shade to rest, often being in other seasons Koho cliff.
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Habits
Living in mountain forests, living alone or in small groups. More activities in the morning and evening, very good at jumping on the cliffs, climbing, very keen vision and hearing. A variety of grass and shrubs tender leaves, fruits, etc. for food. Autumn to early winter mating. Pregnancy for 6 months or so, each child an Aberdeen, Aberdeen 2 sometimes produced. Morning and evening feeding activity is more frequent, mostly in a fixed range. Vision, hearing is extremely sensitive, good at jumping and climbing cliffs and deep valleys in between the running shoe, such as plain, can jump more than 10 meters high Shen Jian and safe. Sounds like sheep. Often shake frightened ears to hooves stamp the ground, issued a "bang, bang" sound, his mouth issued a sharp "Hush, Hush" sound. If the danger is near, then flew quickly fled. Food is mainly grass and shrub twigs, fruit, and the moss and so on.
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Growth and reproduction
Goral in the autumn to early winter mating, Xiongshou off_set_ or angle between the hind legs to stand, forelimb Fight, fight Cishou. Cishou pregnancy is about 8 months, 1 births per Aberdeen, Aberdeen 2 occasionally produced. Breast-feeding for 2 months. 1.5 to 2 years of age to sexual maturity. Life expectancy of 15 to 17 years. As Luanbulanlie, declining number of goral. Artificial breeding: Goral of cowardly timid, is a neurotic type of animals, from wild capture and captivity to a certain degree of difficulty. Hubei Shiyan a zoo in recent years has received from the field of adult goral 6, domesticated survived two (1 male 1 female), and begin to reproduce since 1998, has been successfully bred 5 children.
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Population Status
According to preliminary statistics, more than 20 nature reserves of existing dwelling with the goral, they can be the occasion to get better protection: 1, China Foping species in protected areas in South Asia (Shaanxi) to get better protection, in addition to at least ten protected areas have their tracks, including, Jiulianshan protected areas and protected areas Wuyishan (Jiangxi); Huaping protected areas, one thousand holes protected areas, protected areas, city life, Xiling Mountain protected areas and silver bullion mountain protected areas (Guangxi); Fanjingshan protected area (Guizhou); Taibaishan protected area (Shaanxi Province), etc. 2, gray goral in Medog and xiaca protected areas (Tibet); Whitewater River and head twenty-three beach protected areas (Gansu); Shirakawa, Fengtongzhai, Huanglong Temple, Jiuzhaigou, Labahe, Mabian Dafengding, Tong Home River iron cloth, Wang Lang, and Xiaozhaizigou Wolong Reserve (Sichuan); Shennongjia protected areas (Hubei); Ailaoshan, Baima Snow Mountain, Dawei Mountain, Snowy Mountains, Gaoligongshan, huanglianshanensis, Nangunhe, copper Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and Haba wall off protected areas (Yunnan), etc. 3, China Central Asian species in its distribution area can be seen most protected areas, protected areas such as Jingpohu and musan (Heilongjiang); Changbai Mountain and left home protected areas (Jilin), etc. 4, Himalayan subspecies of the border with Nepal's Everest protected areas are protected. To risk factors Goral habitat in the forest, because trees were cut down in the past, resulting in continued loss of suitable habitat, shrinking living space, split, which is the main cause risk factors. Since 1962, the competent national authorities have goral wildlife as protected animals, but public education is not enough, local hunters to get their meat, leather and pharmaceutical raw materials and a large number of hunting, which is caused by wild populations Another reason for increasingly scarce. For example, each year on the acquisition of Shaanxi Province, only gray goral fur 1,200-1,300 sheets (zhen, 1984), from the 1960s to the 1980s, this species has been listed as a protected species, but weak enforcement.
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Protection level
National protection: two Force's: 1989 cites endangerment: Appendix i Force's: 1997 iucn endangerment: not included Force's: 1996 iucn endangerment: Force's: 2003 China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals Rating: Vulnerable Force's: 1996
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Habits
Living in mountain forests, living alone or in small groups. More in the morning and evening feeding activity, usually in a fixed range. Very good at jumping, climbing, cliffs and deep valleys in between the running shoe, such as plain, even jump over 10 meters high Shen Jian is also safe. Vision, hearing is extremely sensitive, sounds like sheep. Often shake frightened ears to hooves stamp the ground, issued a "bang, bang" sound, his mouth issued a sharp "Hush, Hush" sound. If the danger is near, then flew quickly fled. A variety of grass and shrubs tender leaves, fruits and mosses, etc. for food.
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Protection level
National protection: a Force's: 1989 CITES endangered class: Appendix I Force's: 1997 IUCN endangerment: not included Force's: 1996 IUCN Red Level: Force's: 2003 China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals Rating: Vulnerable Force's: 1996 Is a national two protected animals
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Shen Stony Brook "goral Stagecoach"
Our hunting team is divided into several groups, in dogs with the help of the seven eighty classes into just Hom Luo Ling mountain cliffs sad. Sad Cliff is a mountain hill Hom Luo, as was an ax to cut open from the middle, the bottom stream from the mountains Shahe looked up, like a thin strip of sky, in fact, the confrontation of two peaks separated by the river about six meters, two mountains are straight cliffs. Although well-developed leg muscles goral four meters long legs, very good jump, the herbivores in the long jump champion, but there is a limit as people, like the long jump at the same level, only the most robust out of the public goral five meters from the results, female goral, and the old goral goral only a small jump four meters or so, and can skip the six-meter-wide cave-hop super goral not been born yet. Start, goral dilemma they find themselves caught in an impasse, a panic, random jump jump. There is an old goral Laoyanhunhua not know the distance measured quasi-, or mean to be brave, actually back ten steps off a burst of rapid run-up struggling to want to skip the six-meter-wide mountain, across the mountains from there results in more than a meter of air baa sound sad, like meteors fall straight down like a good while, before coming under the cliff fell into the water splash sound. After a child, goral group gradually calm down, all eyes focused on a particularly tall stature, hair color dark brown goral Youguangshuihua public body, it seems that only the public in waiting out the entire population can goral from a good way to extinction. No doubt, this is a group of public goral goral's sheep, it horns like two sickles. Fusarium head of sheep along the cliffs solemn air patrol in a circle, looked up at the blue sky after the rain, sadly baa a number of sound, said he can not do anything. Goral population and stir together. At this time, the rain washed spotless sky suddenly appeared a rainbow, a sad cliff attached the other end over the mountain, attached across the hills, like suddenly put up a beautiful bridge. Goral were staring rainbow, there is a black female hair goral proudly walked to the Rainbow, misty look, seems to have entered a kind of illusion of the state. Perhaps they do because of nervous and mistakenly thought that the Rainbow Road is a fantasy real bridge, the other side can lead to health. Gray goral masterbatch has been shrouded in the body dazzling multicolored rainbow's spectrum, appeared to be a foot to go into the abyss, and suddenly, sickle sheep "baa - baa" roaring issue, which I usually hear the sounds of sheep with called very different, there is no gentle vibrato, not sweet and obsequiousness, and no sigh of despair, although the tone has always been to keep the sheep calm, but gloomy, powerful, revealing some kind of determination. Later I think the reason why sickle sheep at a critical moment to come up with so wonderful a way to save the species to survive, perhaps by the revelation that the mystery of the rainbow, I always felt that colorful rainbow spots seem to occur with later groups of flying goral There is a crossing of aesthetic communication. With the roaring sound that sickle sheep, gray masterbatch goral wake up, has come back from the brink. At this point, I saw, aside from that came out of an old goral goral to the public. Pull the young goral goral public that step schematically baa cry, crashed a goral teenagers came out. A little old and sad cliff walk, stepped back, suddenly, the goral teenagers flew up and forward, about the same time, also Yangti rapid run-up old goral, goral and teenagers went to the edge of the cliff, jump leap, jump towards the mountain opposite to; old goral goral immediately following the teenagers behind the head and a hook, leaping from cliff to jump up; this little old and a little time jumping points successively, jump rates are slightly there are differences, some teenagers goral slightly higher angle, the angle is slightly lower goral some old, equivalent to one after the first two, one high and one low. I was taken aback, how suicide should be paired young and old, one of the die it? Only teenagers, and this old goral goral wings unless otherwise absolutely impossible to jump across the tall cliff up! Suddenly, a dream I can not imagine the lens there, the old goral With skillful jumping skills in teenagers goral down from the highest point of land the moment, the body in the hoof and teenagers under the goral. Jumping ability clearly old goral goral slightly better than the teenagers, when it appeared in the body when the next shoe goral teenagers, just jump at the highest point of the arc, as done in the air two spacecraft docking, as the four teenagers goral goral wide in the old hoof back Mengdeng a bit strong, just like riding on a springboard, it is off the air again, falling body miraculously rise again. Goral like the old fuel residue has been transported over the rocket shell, automatically from the spacecraft, no, more tragic than the rocket shell residues, goral of teenagers violently kicking in the next, like a broken winged bird suddenly fall straight down . This is the second goral teenagers jump intensity although far less for the first time, jump height and only half of the ground, but enough to last beyond the rest of the distance of two meters. Moment, I saw teenagers goral light to fall across the mountain, excited to Miejiao cry, and disappeared behind a rock drill. Successful jump, followed by pairs of goral leaping volley in the cave to draw a road over the dazzling arc, every success of the young goral Stagecoach, means that there is an old goral fall pieces. Over the cave, and that rainbow parallel, has _set_ up a bridge, it is a death to do with the _set_ up of the bridge piers. There is no congestion, no competition, orderly, rapid Stagecoach. I pay great attention to stare at the group destined to die of old goral, I thought, maybe there are some more slick old goral, that aside from the death of that sneak into new call to go, but I was shocked that, from the beginning to the end, not an exchange for his old position goral. They willingly opened with their lives for the next generation a way to survive. Most of the old goral, all with superb jumping skills to help young goral safely Stagecoach to peaks of rock, only an aging female goral, goral in the air and a small convergence, probably inadequate, not let the small antelope in his back and stepped on precisely the result with one old and one small fall into the abyss. I did not expect, species extinction in the face of a critical moment, goral group can come up with the expense of even half way to save the other half to win the population's chance of survival. I did not think the old goral who would then calmly to death. I stare, all the hunters stare, surprised even the dogs mouth, long tongue out of mouth, but stopped barking. Finally, only a sad bird cliffs commanding a group of successful collective Stagecoach sickle goral sheep. Goral not even these, it is odd, sickle sheep stood alone on the mountain, neither young goral need it to do stepping stone to the wrong side of air, nor who will help it fly across. I saw it with firm strides towards that beautiful rainbow road. Rainbow attached a sad curved cliff, one attached to the other side of the mountain, like a beautiful bridge. It went up, disappears in a brilliant in the.