Scientific name: terastes sewerzowi Chinese name: spot bonasia English name: chinese hazel grouse Tibetan name transliteration: Hazel just poor long Alias: flower tail dragon, chicken claw, dragon Species name and age of people: przevalski, 1876
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Protection level
National level to protect
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Type Description
Spot bonasia chicken claw, also known for our endemic species, only found in China's Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and other places. There are two subspecies: Chuanya named species and four subspecies (secunda).
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Shape features
Form small (33 cm) and covered with brown horizontal stripes of grouse, average weight 300 grams, body length of 310-320 mm. . With a clear crown feathers, black throat block the outer edge of white. More than upper body with black and brown horizontal stripes. Black and proximal end of the outer tail feathers white. Eye has a white line, shoulder feathers with white patches near the wing coverts white side. Lower body brown chest, hips up getting white and dense black horizontal stripes. Female dark color, fine lines, white throat, lower body and more yellow skin. Subspecies secunda more brown. Iris - brown; mouth - black; feet - gray. Call: little tweet. Issued when eating deep girgirgir sound; alarm made the gu, gu, gu light is called, the calls of young birds called dir, dir, dir. 1. Four Chuanya species Nose feather black male adult birds; amount of white, black end of the feather; head and occipital deep maroon, pale olive green mixed with black or gray point spots; eye with a loose vertical band of white spots, stretching to the neck ; now have one around the same amount of color from the beginning with a vertical through his eyes, until the sides of neck, and connected with the back of the throat; ear feathers deep maroon. Back, back, tail coverts are chestnut, with clear and black horizontal stripes with the rules, each feather with a narrow pale gray plume end; outer tail feathers dark brown, with a number of narrow white horizontal stripes and feather-shaped end, the central 1 of the tail feathers chestnut brown, beetle-like insects mixed with fine black spots, and a 7-8 tie of black and white cross-brown spots; large, medium and small coverts brown or chestnut brown, with black spots or worm worm-eaten pieces spots and mixed with white feather fine lines; primary flight feathers dark brown, light maroon mixed with the outside edge; Gampsocleis secondary flight feathers, with irregular dark spots outside the wide horizontal stripes of light brown, light brown feather side also. Chin and throat black, white edge around to the vertical belt; chest and costal regions are light chestnut, with black horizontal stripes and white or brown and white feather-side, the chest is more mixed with white feather feather fine lines; abdomen showed a black plume, and white horizontal stripes, the formation of bright mottled; abdominal feather tail light chestnut brown, with wide and narrow end of the white plume of black sub-terminal spots. Female and male adult birds is similar, but darker in color dull, not bright. The nose is not a black feather, with the same amount of light chestnut brown, with dark spots, yellow eyes of the posterior longitudinal decorated with white; chin and throat pale brown, black feather stick side, surrounded by non-white vertical band. Iris brown; mouth brown or dark brown; foot angle was yellow. 2. Named subspecies Chuanya female and four kinds of similar, but lighter in color some. Male birds head into a light chestnut; back blurred black horizontal stripes, showing Wuhei porphyritic; shoulder feathers and wing coverts white lines at the end was not significant or absent; lighter chestnut chest, feather-side white lines is not significant , and a clear pattern of white feathers song; narrow lower body spots.
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Distributed
Distribution: endemic to central China. Named subspecies distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, the central Qilian Mountains to the north; Four Chuanya species distributed in western Sichuan and eastern Tibet. Specific distribution: Sunan, Gansu, eastern Qilian Mountain, Tianzhu, Yongdeng, recreation, Zhuoni, Diebu, Qilian, Qinghai, colleagues, Yushu, spotted Mary, Green River, Sichuan, Beichuan, Pingwu, Muli, Kangding, white, Batang , Malcolm, Songpan, like birds in Tibet Qi, Jiang Da, Gonjo, Markam, Yunnan, Zhongdian. Habitat: found in an altitude of 2,500 to 4,000 meters and open areas of coniferous forest shrub.
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Habits
And spend bonasia similar. Normal habitat at an altitude of 3200-3800 meters above the mountain willow, gold and other shrubs bloom, red spruce forests and Yang Lin in. Autumn often live in groups, especially hi habitat in the rhododendron thickets. Mainly willow, hazel bud scales, leaves and seeds of spruce and other plants, flowers, inflorescence, leaves, tender shoots for food. Also prey caterpillars, pseudo-beetle, Golden and other insects. Feeding has obvious seasonal variation. Winter and spring with willow, birch bud scales, leaf-eating; summer in addition to willow, birch buds, leaves, but also eat Berberis, Lonicera, sub-structure of the flowers and leaves; fall Polygonum main food of the inflorescence and hor_set_ail tender shoots; late autumn and almost no snow before the spruce seed for food. Nest in 2700 ~ 2750 meters above sea moss forest of spruce or spruce, juniper mixed pit in the ground with dry spruce twigs or grass, sedge plant stems and leaves made of the nest at the end of and walls, padded with moss, soft sticks pumilum, feathers. 5 to 8 eggs per litter.
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Population Status
Globally Near Threatened (collar et al., 1994). "China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals Birds" was listed as endangered species.
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Spot evolution bonasia
Song Ji spot bonasia is the most southern distribution of species in one species, and the distribution of Grouse Arctic different from other types of subjects, its distribution area has reached the sub-tropical regions, but still has the characteristics shared by Song Ji class, that it ancestors have lived in cold northern regions. When the generation of about 70 million years ago after a strong swallowed a large number of ancient glaciers of animals and plants, and the rest were forced to move south. Spot bonasia ancestors and other grouse Section members, and other animal species distribution area of the edge of glacier advance and retreat along with the change. After the late Pleistocene, northeast China, north China and the Loess Plateau in the vicinity of hot and dry climate in the direction toward the development of the spruce, fir forest as the main back, only remnants of high altitudes in the mountains, in the evolution of grasslands and desert plains. There have been human, the accelerated destruction of habitats, and a lot of hunting, so that the distribution of spot bonasia area further back, with flowers bonasia and other grouse species in the distribution stopped.
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Species name
Scientific name: Terastes sewerzowi Chinese name: spot bonasia English name: Chinese Grouse Tibetan name transliteration: Hazel just poor long Alias: flower tail dragon, chicken claw, dragon Species name and age of people: Przevalski, 1876