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Accept donations in exchange for official ﹑ rank Su
  Official donors in exchange for Na Su, rank. This system from the Qin and Han dynasties, said Su satisfied. After the big mid-Qing Sheng, as contributing money. Court as being items of income, stipulated that the price thereof, increased official corruption has become a major maladministration. Qing Zhao Lian "Huang Xiao Ting Miscellany early pure politics": "stop cultivation, stopped contributing money to re-Nongsang, elimination of monks and nuns under the Chao tired, and the people rejoicing song sound like thunder." Qing Chen Kangqi "Lang potential Ji Wen" Volume II: "However, the three set to open cases, the surplus of only two million, five hundred people contributing money to the magistrate. more easy to get started is missing, then see the non-election years can not be granted, wandering too are waiting to see." "History of Qing Dynasty * Electoral 7 ":" Yong Zheng years ... ... The emperor said: 'Konda example, in local benefits. to many people because of the tax cases, difficult to Throne, gave orders to stop. Denotation Applications years, people will time spent, the more a few years, and will make the person without contributing money, and carry on specific subjects. Denotation should add something Kuan discretion. In addition to Road House, the sub-prefect not allowed to accept donations, which pass sentence, knowing the state, magistrate and state with , s Deputy, etc., as appropriate, meeting prospective donors. '"Binglin" system under the Registrar to Oppression ":" contributing money is spent, the length of the waste, the waste examination will be officials who must at the University of. "
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No. 2
  捐资纳粟以得官爵。秦始皇四年(前243年),因蝗灾大疫,许百姓纳粟千石,拜爵一级。历代多沿袭,清中期后尤盛。
  捐资纳粟换取官职、官衔。此制起于 秦 汉 ,称纳粟。 清 中叶后大盛,称为捐纳。朝廷视为正项收入,明订价格行之,加剧吏治腐败,成为一大弊政。 清 昭连 《啸亭杂录·纯皇初政》:“罢开垦,停捐纳,重农桑,汰僧尼之诏累下,万民欢悦,颂声如雷。” 清 陈康祺 《郎潜纪闻》卷二:“然开例三载,所入仅二百万有馀,捐纳知县五百馀人。始则缺多易得,后见非数年不能选授,亦复观望徘徊。”《清史稿·选举志七》:“ 雍正 二年……帝曰:‘垦田事例,於地方有裨益。向因各捐例人多,难於铨选,降旨停止。年来捐纳应用之人,将次用完,越数年,必致无捐纳之人,而专用科目矣。应酌添捐纳事欵。除道、府、同知不许捐纳,其通判、知州、知县及州同、县丞等,酌议准捐。’” 章炳麟 《訄书·官统下》:“捐纳则废,年资则废,科举则废,将论官者必於大学。”