Overview 395 AD, the Roman Empire split into two things, the East Roman Empire in the Balkans as the center, possession, including Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Mesopotamia, part of the South Caucasus. Capital of Constantinople, is the site of the ancient Greek Byzantine city of immigrants, it is also known as the Byzantine Empire. Fu Lin is China in the medieval historical title of the Byzantine Empire. Also known as or Hercynian ancient Qin State. When split from Rome, the first from the military field, there is disagreement between the two countries, West Rome has been in use the old-fashioned infantry combat as the main way, but then began to explore the Eastern Roman cavalry as the main force of warfare. Two homologous different countries embarked on the road gradually, and also to start over confrontation. West Rome defeated the army being much more. During the reign of Justinian (527-565), the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) occupation of southern Italy and Sicily, attacked Rome, 555 elimination of the Kingdom of the East Goths, Visigoths defeated and occupied Italy, southeastern Spain, northern Africa and West Mediterranean islands. For the economic and cultural center of the Mediterranean region at that time. Seventh century AD, the rise of the Arab Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire lost Syria, Palestine, Egypt. After the eleventh century, tended to decline. 1204 Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders did not mean to betray their commitment to attack Constantinople, was replaced by the Latin Empire. 1261 Byzantine reconstruction, but its territory includes only the northwest of Asia Minor, Thrace, Macedonia, Peloponnese Aegean islands and a number of northern stronghold. After the fourteenth century, the Ottoman Empire continued on Byzantine invasion. The late 14th century, the Byzantine army lost horses Anatolia abounds in this important, the core of the East Roman army - the construction of the Byzantine cavalry are enormous influence, military power declined sharply. The fall of Constantinople in 1453. 1461 Byzantine destruction. Byzantine Empire's cultural and religious for the Eastern European countries today have a great impact. In addition, the Byzantine Empire in its tenth century preserved in the long history of classical Greek and Roman historical data, writings, and rational philosophy, but also a breakthrough for the Middle Ages, the Catholic religious authority in Europe provides the most direct binding power, triggered Renaissance, and far-reaching impact on the history of mankind. State Name Description The official name of the Byzantine Empire is Rōmanía, "Rome," or BasileíaRōmaíōn, "the Roman Empire." This is the Latin ImperiumRomanorum (Roman Empire) in the Greek translation, but also claimed the Byzantine Empire. With the same claim to the Roman Empire, Holy Roman Empire separated, so in 1453 the former Empire, Western Europe, who called it "the Eastern Roman Empire" (ImperiumRomanumOrientale). Start Chronology Important notes Constantine the Great moved the capital to Constantinople in 330. 395 on Jan. 17 formally split into the Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire 527 Emperor Justinian I became. 532 -537 years of Justinian I built, "Sophia Cathedral." 1054 split the Church: the Church of Constantinople and the Holy See break A Greek Orthodox. 1204 Crusades: capture of Constantinople by the Crusaders. 1261 Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII, the liberation of Constantinople ‧ Parry Criolo Vegas. 1453 Constantinople fell to Ottoman Turkey, the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Empire (Byzantine Empire) or the Eastern Roman Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) in the Roman Empire still exist after the collapse of the eastern half of the Roman Empire. Byzantine Empire is often considered the beginning from 395 AD until 1453. In the period of its existence for thousands of years was simply that it generally referred to as "the Roman Empire." Another dividing line is 378 years Hadrian's Fort battle. This defeat, and the death of Emperor Valens could be seen as the separation of ancient empires and medieval empires of the time. Valens's successor 狄奥多西乌斯 I (sometimes also called the Great) to the empire apart again. 395, respectively, these two parts, he would give his two sons, Julius and 霍诺里乌斯 Al Kadi. Al-Kadi ust as the ruler of the eastern, western 霍诺里乌斯 become the ruler of his capital is Milan. From this time the empire began to the east are generally known as the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire. Justinian left his successors an empty treasury, and his successor could not deal with all of the border in a new enemy on the sudden appearance: Lombard occupation of northern Italy, the Slavs occupied the Balkan large in some areas, the Persians invaded and occupied the eastern provinces. Heraclius then regained the eastern provinces, but it was just the Arabs united under Islam, the sudden emergence of Heraclius not apprehended. Almost all the Arabs occupied the southern provinces. 7th century in Syria, Egypt completely reduced to a part of the Arab Empire. Hellenistic Age 8th century, the biggest problem is the controversy over iconoclasm. Leo III banned the icon, the command has been greatly opposition riots in the country everywhere. Irene the Queen in the 787 years under the leadership of the public meeting the second of Nicaea decided respected icons can be raised but can not be worship. Irene also married with the Frankish king Charlemagne's empire to achieve reunification plan things, but these plans failed. The early 9th century iconoclasm to reproduce, 843 was again stopped. These arguments have been made at its beginning and the alienation of the Catholic Holy Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire is the name of the absurd) was not re-unified. Golden age "Bulgarian butcher" BASIRE I. II dynasty in Macedonia under the rule of the emperor, the Byzantine Empire in the 9,10 and 11 century reached its peak. This is known as the "golden period" of several centuries, the Byzantine Empire against the Holy See for the leader to withdraw Fodiaosi requirements, access to the Adriatic sea, occupied part of Italy and Bulgaria in the large section. 1014 Basil II (Bulgaria Butcher) defeated the Bulgarians, and in 1018 completely destroyed the first Bulgarian kingdom. Meanwhile the Byzantine Empire also gained a new ally (although sometimes the enemy): States in Kiev, Russia provides an important Byzantine mercenaries. Imperial Doom After 1180 years ago, the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire was the last few centuries to the usurper Alexius I began, he introduced the system of feudal Monkey, re-establish an army of Turks had a strong resistance. His help against the Turks to the west, this is the first origin of the Crusades. Crusaders recovered the Nicene Creed, but soon became the ruler of hatred soldiers. Although the grandson of Manuel I, Alexius the Crusaders friends, but both can not forget them to teach each other get rid of each other's membership, on the steady flow through its territory Byzantine Roman Catholic Crusaders intention is skeptical. 11th century and 12th century Holy Roman Empire from the Germans and from Sicily and Italy continue to attack the Norman Empire. Alexius exclusive right to trade, especially the Italian city-state became the object of anti-Western sentiment. They become the "Franks" and "Latins" representative. In particular, by offensive Venetian particular, although the ships of Venice is the backbone of the Imperial fleet. Meanwhile, Turk is still a threat, they defeated Manuel 1176. In the Third Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa attempted to conquer the Byzantine Empire, but to the Empire was the greatest destruction of the Fourth Crusade. The occupation of Eastern Campaign aims to Egypt, but won the leadership of the Venetian. The instigation of their crusade captured Constantinople in 1204, they established a feudal kingdom of short-term (Latin Empire), and Byzantine forces are completely weakened. Before and after 1400 the beginning of the Byzantine Empire was Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire that the attack too costly, not worth it, very strong walls of Constantinople, in addition to the Crusaders a thousand years, no one outside can overcome it. But with the emergence of guns, the wall can not protect this city. May 29, 1453, after two years of the siege of Mehmed II captured Constantinople. 1461 Trebizond was captured Mohammed II. Mohammed II will own the East Roman Empire as qualified successor. To the late 12th century, most of Asia Minor and the Balkans have been firmly under the control of the Ottoman Empire into a. At this point, the Grand Duke Ivan III of Moscow declared the protector of the Orthodox. His grandson Ivan IV would become Russia's first czar. His successor, the Roman Empire and that they are qualified heir of Constantinople, is the third Roman Empire. Until the fall of the early 20th century they, Russia, Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire, considered himself to be a reasonable successor. Byzantine Empire in the classical knowledge transfer process to the Islamic world has played a very important role. The most important impression is his church. Early Byzantine Orthodox missionaries passed a number of Slavs. To date, most of the Orthodox Slavs and Greeks. Establishment of Eastern Roman Empire and the demise of the age's, 395 and 1453, is defined as the beginning and end of the Middle Ages. Byzantine (from 476 to 1453) The first great Byzantine emperor Justinian I (482-565). His ambition is to restore the Roman Empire, and nearly made it. Justinian I's assistant Bei Lisha Cruz, was of the greatest generals, while he led the imperial army defeated the Persians East, North Africa, the Vandals, Ostrogoths in Italy, the Balkans, the Bulgarians and Slavs . In addition to military action, Justinian also established a strong legal and regulatory system, laid the foundation for the future of the Empire, and has been defending the Christian Church. For centuries, the Byzantine Europe's most prosperous economy, because Constantinople in Asia, Europe, the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea trade routes between, and occupy the best location, it is from China on the Silk Road to the West a major destination. Naomi CIMA (important Byzantine gold coins) in the eight hundred years there has been the standard currency prevailing in the Mediterranean. However, the strategic position of Constantinople, and ultimately lead to the Italian city-state of jealousy and hatred. Byzantine navy to maintain the smooth flow of sea, on the one hand to engage in trade, while maintaining supply routes, so that even if the siege of Constantinople, not because of resource exhaustion and surrender. In the eighth century AD by the Arab land and sea attack by a secret weapon ─ "Greek fire" by the defeat. This is a flammable liquid produced by the chemical weapons (their composition is still unknown), by a pipe to smoke it. Arab Navy is to be "Greek fire" destroyed. In the seventh and eighth centuries AD, the Arab occupation of Egypt, the Middle East, North Africa and Spain, from the hands of the Byzantine away these areas permanently. 1071, Hector Turks victory in Comanche, leading to the Empire in Asia Minor in the vicinity of □ materials, livestock, horses and soldiers and other important resources supply was cut off. 1204, the Crusaders used to induce the Governor of Venice, traitors, so that they can wash swept Constantinople. Fourteenth century, the Turks captured Adria Fort, and then invaded Europe around Constantinople. 1396, they defeated a large crusader 尼古博鲁斯 and placed a lot of the residents of the Balkans. May 1453, Mai Ha Muer Shi Sultan of Turkey with the help of heavy artillery, captured the defensive weakness of Constantinople, the city's fall also represents the demise of the Byzantine Empire.
Translated by Google
② city name.
Ancient Greek city of immigrants. Located in the eastern Balkans, the Pro Bosporus, gateway to the Black Sea brief, when the Euro-Asian transportation hub. 330 AD Emperor Constantine the Great moved the capital to the Roman Empire here, renamed Constantinople. Another name for the new Rome. 395 AD, the Roman Empire officially split into two parts, Constantinople became the capital of Eastern Roman Empire. After hundreds of years, as the eastern Mediterranean political, economic and cultural center. Occupied by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, renamed Istanbul. 395 AD, the Roman Empire split into Eastern and Western. Eastern Roman Empire in the Black sea on the capital Constantinople (now Istanbul), later named after the Byzantine Empire. Year 5 - 6 century, is a powerful Byzantine empire. Its territory, including the Balkans, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, North Africa and Italy, and some Mediterranean islands. After the 7th century, the feudal division of the development of the collapse of the Byzantine Empire, gradually declined, leaving the Balkans and Asia Minor, and later several Western European Crusaders were torn, Qixiyanyan, and finally in 1453 was Turkey perish ! Location: the Byzantine Empire in the link between the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, the Bosphorus in the strategic waterway frontier. Mid-seventh century the Byzantine Empire reached its apogee, this restored the original Roman Empire, most of the territory, and want only the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain), Gaul (modern France) and the United Kingdom. Byzantine control the Middle East for centuries, but the survival of the Empire in the Balkans and modern mainly composed of the territory of Turkey. Capital: Byzantine capital of Constantinople. Three-block walls and over one thousand strong defense on the land side of the tower. Powerful navy to keep the supplies coming by sea. Constantinople in the Roman Empire over a thousand years after the stand, defense of Europe from Persians, Arabs, and Turks in the invasion. Rise: Rhine and Danube suffered waves of barbarian invasion, forcing the Roman Empire split into two in the fifth century. The city of Rome as the center of the Western Roman Empire, is the fragility more attractive target. The last Roman emperor in 476 killed in the West. Eastern Roman Empire survived this period, and to reproduce the posture of the Byzantine Empire. The first great Byzantine emperor Justinian I (482 - 565 years). His ambition is to restore the Roman empire, also close to reaching his goal. This means Justinian era is the most brilliant general Belisarius led Sri Lanka by a professional army. Now comes the threat of the revival of the Persian Empire stress to aggression across the Euphrates River in Asia Minor. When the threat subsided temporarily after the first Sri Lankan Belisarius invaded North Africa in 533 years, close to the land of modern Tunisia, was forced to beat the last century, the Vandals moved to this point, all the way to attack Germany. Belisarius fought in North Africa, Italy, by the Sri Lanka. 536 years, Oster Rodriguez from his hands to regain the city of Rome. 540 years to regain the North Italy. Belisarius was again sent to Eastern Sri Lanka, the king of Persia, is to have a new conquest of the Byzantine province of Asia. Belisarius Sri Lanka, Persia, plague, and the huge amount of gold to prevent the Persians into the claims. Bulgarians and the next threat comes from south to north, until the Balkan Slavs. In between 540 and 558, they defeated a total of four times. When Oster Gus rekindle the flames of war in Italy, another Byzantine army never break their military reoccupation of the territory of some of southern Spain. In addition to military campaigns, the Justinian laws by creating a strong administrative system and a strong defense of the Christian Church laid good foundation for the future.