That the United States to the south of the Americas. Including Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Has long been a colony of Spain and Portugal. Most countries belong to the Latin family of universal Spanish, Portuguese and French, it said in Latin America. An area of 20,720,000 square kilometers, a population of about 400 million.
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Brief introduction
Latin name: La Dingya american continent Latin America is the region south of the United States of America, is located between latitude 32 ° 42 'and latitude 56 ° 54', including Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Had reduced due to the long colonial Spain and Portugal Latin group, the vast majority of existing national language is prevailing in Latin race, it was known as Latin America. Latin America East Atlantic, west Pacific, North and South a total length of 11,000 km, 5,100 km at its widest point, the Isthmus of Panama, the narrowest width of only 48 kilometers. Northern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Area of 0,567,000 square kilometers. Population of 37,200 people (2000). Mainly mestizo & mulatto race, time for the blacks, Indians and Caucasians.
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Topography and climate
Latin American terrain, Mexico is basically a plateau, said the Mexican plateau. Central America is a mountainous region. West Indies also mostly mountainous. The western Pacific coast of South America, stands Andes. Andes east of veins, plains and plateau phases, from north to south seq is Orinoco plains, Guyana plateau, plains Amazonas, Brazil plateaus, plains of La Plata, Patagonia. Mountain Pacific coast of Latin America and the West Indies, is one of the main volcanic seismic zone in the world. According to statistics, there are active volcanoes ninety Block Island, accounting for one-fifth of the world's active volcanoes. There are written records since the countries of the zone earthquakes have occurred. So far the largest recorded earthquake in the world to a magnitude of 8.7 earthquake occurred in the world in 1960 in Chile. Some famous peak is mostly volcanic cone of Latin America, some smoke is still jet. Within three-quarters of the Latin American tropics, in the continents of the world, and it is the most favorable climatic conditions. From the temperature, most of the area above the annual average temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, compared to other states, has warmed characteristics, both in Asia and North America is not as cold, nor hot as Africa. From the wet, the continent-wide average annual rainfall of up to 1342 mm, equivalent to 3.2 times the Oceania, the world's most humid one continent. The main type of climate is tropical rainforest and savanna climate. Tropical rainforest climate is mainly distributed in the Amazon plains, savanna mainly in the highlands of Brazil. Latin America, many rivers, abundant water resources, the annual power generation of 18,500 GWh. There Amazon river, the Rio de la Plata and the Orinoco River North.
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Mineral and plant
Latin America is rich in mineral resources. Iron, manganese, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, silver, copper, lead, zinc, tin, antimony, vanadium, bismuth, niobium, petroleum, saltpeter and so occupies a very important position in the world. Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Peru, Cuba, Mexico and other countries have large iron ore. Many countries rich in oil, with the largest reserves in Venezuela. Chile, Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and other countries as the major copper producing country in Latin America, accounting for about 20% of world copper production of blister copper, Chile's export volume ranks second in the world. In addition, Cuba's nickel ore and cobalt, tin and antimony mine in Bolivia, Mexico, sulfur and silver production are among the highest in the world. Continent-wide forest coverage rate reached 44 percent and forest stock volume 78.8 billion cubic meters, ranking highest among all continents away from the world and rich mahogany, sandalwood, brazilwood, balsam wood, rosewood and other valuable timber. Suitable climate in many parts of Latin America. Abundant rainfall, fertile soil, rich in agricultural products. The main crops are rice, wheat and corn. Economic crops to sugar cane, coffee, bananas, cotton is most important. Sugar production accounts for about a quarter of the world's sugar production, the Caribbean has the "World Sugar Bowl," said Cuba is the world's largest sugar exporting countries. Coffee production has far exceeded Africa, coffee on the international market, more than 60% from Latin America, Brazil's coffee production and exports, ranking first in the world. Banana production is also a large export volume accounting for 80 percent of total world exports. Ecuador is the world's largest banana exporter, Honduras, Panama, Guatemala and other countries also have large exports. Cotton production is growing rapidly, many countries export cotton exports from Brazil and Mexico to the maximum. In addition, there are vast areas of forest and rich coastal fisheries resources, coastal waters of Peru is one of the world famous fishing grounds. Coastal waters are rich in fishery resources. Latin American countries in industry, in addition to mining, steel, oil refining and other heavy industries, but mostly in light industry, such as textiles, sugar, flour, meat processing. Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and Chile are higher levels of industrial development of Latin American countries.
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History
Latin America was originally Indian labor earning a place. Since 1492 adventurer Spain, Portugal, Latin America, after the foot, and soon all colonized both countries. Sixteenth century, Britain, France, the Netherlands and other countries from the hands of Spain claimed the islands of the West Indies, South America continental margin and a few areas of the Central American isthmus. The early nineteenth century, the West, the Portuguese occupied the place have declared independence. The past ten years, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago Bada, Barbados, Guyana, Bahamas, Grenada, Suriname, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda also has to get rid of the British, Dutch rule, declared independence. Now, there are more than a dozen by the British, American, French and Dutch colonies comrades. Latin American countries gained independence from the colonial rule of Spain and Portugal, and later brought under control and plunder the United States, Britain and other countries. Especially the United States, only from 1946 to 1969, from the $ 23.5 billion in Latin America seized huge profits. Latin American countries to safeguard national sovereignty and protect their resources, the development of the national economy for a long struggle, many countries also announced that 200 miles of coastal waters to exercise jurisdiction, in an attempt to dominate the opposing superpower ocean, plunder the resources of other countries banditry.
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Country
A total of 34 countries of Latin America: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Haiti, Dominica, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Grenada, Dominica, St. Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Bahamas, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Belize, Ann and Barbuda. There are still more than a dozen colonies in the United States, Britain, France and the Netherlands under the rule.
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Customs and Present
Women Status In Latin, the "man" of the word and the definition of the United States and Canada are different. We believe that this word represents too macho display, arrogant and imperious, even boorish; while the Latins think the word on behalf of chivalry, gallant, pampering and masculinity. In Latin America, women, especially mothers, are subject to praise, respect and love for. Their main task is to take care of the family, and not involved in commercial activities. Latin American countries have in common Courteous. Regardless of where you go to Latin America, you will be subject to courtesy and respect, if you older or higher titles even more so. It should be noted that no male domination in the continent all. Religious and Linguistic Latin American continent (including Central America) profess the same religion - Roman Catholicism, in addition to Brazilian Portuguese, the other countries speak the same language - Spanish. Colonization Almost every country in Latin America has been the Europeans colonized, and most are also the Spanish and Portuguese colonies. European colonial aggression from the east began, brutal and bloody, torn and conquered the local ancient civilizations: Aztec, Maya and Inca. Here, unlike in North America, most of the _set_tlers in North America seeking freedom and democracy to come, but the intruder was in Latin America to establish a dictatorship here, and the feudal system. Social structure Almost anywhere in Latin America there is a polarization of both social structure, namely social composition of only two classes - "haves" and "proletarian." Middle-class existence, and perhaps in some countries is booming this class, but in any case, for the entire region, the middle class is only a few number of classes. So for the first time visiting people, they are often great differences between the living standards of wealth and poverty be shocked. Personal relationships Business is often built on the basis of personal relationships. Latinos like to really get to know their business partners. For this reason, visitors, especially Americans, the negotiation process is too long, always going around often lose patience. The use of personal relationships in doing business here is very important. Therefore, we must keep in mind that all business activities, establish a good personal friendship and relations of mutual trust is the basis of your success. Also keep in mind, Latin America and North America, people are willing to do business, because they believe the North American people are very rich, very successful. Sometimes, however, they also have jealousy, fear or even North America With power from Mouli Yi. Social life, social life, Latinos like food, music and laughter. They attach great importance to family life, a number of family celebrations such as birthdays, weddings, holidays, etc., full of joy. Time for the United States and Canada, business people, most of them Latin American custom is depressed Latinos concept of time. When North American concept of time is also very punctual and very strong. But south of the Rio Grande River area is completely different. Latinos view is that "life is a cycle, there is no beginning and no end." So when you go south, I must be patient, must be psychologically prepared, if all goes well, you might trip time than expected longer. You have to determine the time when the meeting, or someone else to the hotel to pick you time if you have colleagues Jiaoshu and Latin America, if he says 9:00 to pick you up (in fact, probably between 10:00 and 11:00 ), then you have to ask with a smile or a la hora ingles la hora espamol (time is in English or Spanish time). Those in Latin America and North America, often dealing with people who often will return you a smile and will remember your time requirements. Indians in almost every Latin American countries (except Argentina), you will find the original inhabitants of the continent - Indian descent and descent. In Brazil, due to the slave trade from Africa, the population of this country is even more diverse in terms of skin color. These are some of the major Latin American countries have in common. Then take a look at the different points between them. Each Latin American countries have their own unique way proud history: their origins, they are patriots, their hard work and their abundant resources. Therefore, before the country, one must first understand the unique culture and their respective peoples, which is very important. Latin American countries at different points Argentina Came to Buenos Aires, you would think Language European capitals. Fashion, architecture, nightlife, cooking style has Paris, Naples and Madrid's legacy. Turn of the century from Italy and Spain, followed by the UK and Germany and from large-scale immigration from all here left a deep imprint. Business people here sophistication, generous and efficient. Many North American businessmen think Argentina is one of the most fascinating countries in Latin America. Bolivia Differences between Bolivia and Argentina as the difference between East and West as big. Bolivia 50% of the population is Indian, 25 percent are mixed-race Indians and Europeans, and the rest of the population from many countries. As a Latin American country with the highest elevation, it looks like a huge mountain range. The mining industry is the pillar industry of Bolivia. Brazil Brazil is the largest country in the Latin American continent, a population of about 150 million. It is the United States and Canada, a place frequented by business people, second only to Mexico. In business, will often hear "hyperinflation" is the word, which is a cancer of the Brazilian financial sector over the past few decades of inflation continue to occur annually to reach 500% or higher. Although the situation has improved in recent years, the cash flow is still in business should pay attention to the problem in Brazil. Nevertheless, this rich natural resources, the people of many countries with vibrant, love life, attracting many Americans and Canadians to invest a lot of time and money to seek business opportunities. Chile Chile's like a long, curved rope stretches in the low ground in the West Bank. Chilean business people from the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain descendants components. Visiting business woman usually will be very comfortable cordial reception, rarely encountered in other Latin American countries, common machismo. (Definition of machismo, refer to introduce part of Mexico) Colombia Bogota, Colombia, and its commercial center most welcome guests visiting North America, where the atmosphere of sophisticated and discreet, full of rich culture. However, these advantages has been the envy of the notorious drug trade currently exists (in the north coast is very popular), the impact of violence and revolution happen from time to time in the big city hordes of homeless children and other issues. In business, "courteous" is often used to describe the Colombian businessman. American Business Women will be courtesy and respect, if you have a certain title and professional background, and even not so aggressive it will be. Mexico Our nearest neighbor to the south is the Latin American country's fastest growing population countries. When you first came to the crowded Mexico City, you might think that all Mexicans are crowded in there, and you squeeze them. The result is a smoky, endless vehicles, then the thicker the smoke. Mexico, 37% of the workers are women, but only a small number of women in the company or engage in leadership positions of senior management jobs. It is a country machismo prevails, and this machismo in the Americans, but the kind with a pistol, a beard, squinted proudly display their lover's image of man. However, as explained in the front, as well as throughout Latin America in the Mexican people, macho symbol of strength, confidence, courage and guts, are some positive features. Thus, Mexico is full of men to women in general and chivalry care for me. However, when women and business, they still have a sense of superiority, so you must be prepared. Panama Mentioned that many Americans think of the Panama Canal to Panama. However, visiting U.S. business women, the history of U.S. involvement in the Canal Zone was a mixed thing. On the one hand, Panama businessmen speak English and understand the progress of women in American business acquired. But on the other hand, there are also anti-American sentiment in Panama. For the visiting women, another concern is that high in major cities in Panama City, Panama and Colon crime. Peru In Peru, you will have a huge impact on the Indians shocked. Compared with other Latin American countries, a higher proportion of Peruvian Indians mouth. Lima, Peru's commercial center is located in the west of the seaside winds, drought and dusty, like the entire city was painted brown. Visitors usually receive generous hospitality, but compared to other markets and the economy is relatively backward, business center, only basic living commodities. Venezuela For most people in North America, it means to do business in Venezuela to Caracas to go. When you cross the canyon stretches from the airport in Caracas where the coastal mountains, you would think coming to a U.S. or Canadian metropolis. Caracas crowd everywhere and towering buildings, there is constant traffic, crowds, traffic, people. Many Venezuelan economy in Latin America ranks among the most prosperous economy, people come to do business in North America. English is also widely used, many Venezuelan businessmen are educated in North America, and both Latino tradition of hospitality. However, remember again, the traditional role of women in Latin America is to take care of the family, male dominance. Code of Business Conduct If you say something in Spanish and Portuguese, which of course will come in handy in some of their daily lives. But unless you are fluent in Spanish or Portuguese, the language otherwise conduct business with the above discussion is unwise. Because many Spanish words and phrases in different countries have different meanings. You'd better hire a translator or find a credible, language fluency assistant. Each Latin American countries also slightly with some domestic Spanish accent. For example, Cubans say Spanish pronunciation somewhat vague, many syllables are omitted, if you have not trained, then you may feel this is the most difficult to understand the language. On the other hand, the Colombians say Spanish is considered to be the purest and most accurate in Latin America in Spanish.
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Latin America, the world's most
Peru is the largest vanadium reserves in the world; Chile's copper reserves are the world's most; Chile saltpeter reserves are the world's largest; Colombian emerald reserves are the world's largest; Colombia Xipa Ji December rock salt mines are the world's largest; Brazil and Paraguay shared Itaipu dam is the world's first dam; Brazil is the world's largest highland plateau; Amazon plain is the world's largest alluvial plain, the largest tropical rainforest; Itaipu hydropower is the world's second largest hydropower station; (formerly First, is now being replaced by the Three Gorges) Village of Vilcabamba, Ecuador is the world's first longevity village.
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Recommended Reading
"Latin American customs and etiquette guidelines" (The Travelers' Guide to Latin American Customs and Manners) Nancy · L · Britney Gan mention (Nancy L. Braganti) and Elizabeth Devine (Elizabeth Devine) with (纽约圣马丁 Publishing Company , published in 1981). This book answers questions about fifteen countries in Latin America's daily life and behavior should pay attention to. "Mexico Business: A Practical Guide to Mexican culture" (Business Mexico: A Practical Guide to Understanding Mexican Business Culture) Peggy Kaina (Peggy Kenna) and Sandra Lacey (Sondra Lacy) with (Passport Press, NTC Publishing Society's branches, Illinois Lincoln Wood, published in 1995). The book on the United States and Mexico conduct business style and a detailed comparison, including communication, business etiquette, body language, decision-making process and negotiations for the signing of contracts. "Good neighbors: and Mexicans exchange" (Good Neighbors: Communicating with the Mexicans) John · C · Corten (John C. Condon) with (cross-cultural Publishing Company, Yarmouth, Maine). The book describes how to bridge the gap between North Americans and Mexicans. Dr Corten living in Mexico, and taught at the University of New Mexico. "Language Mexico: living in a changing society, travel and do business." (Inside Mexico: Living, traveling, and Doing Business in a Changing society) Ph.D. Paula Howe Cinco Velde (Paula Heusinkveld) with (Niuyueweili, 1994 publication). This is an insightful book. Dr. Howard Cinco Velde book explains the family, language, religion, men and women, work, the role of business activities, appearance and dress, time, etiquette, dining, leisure time, vacation, art and music in the Mexican culture. "Spanish-speaking world: Cross-Cultural Perspective anthology" (The Spanish Speaking World: An Anthology of Cross-Cultural Perspectives) Luis Figo Lucy (Louise Figer Luce) with (National Textbook Publishing Company, Chicago, published in 1992). This anthology includes twenty articles will help readers understand the social situation of Spanish-speaking countries. "Spanish-speaking countries of the way." (The Hispanic Way) Judith Snow Paul (Judith Noble) and Jim de la Casa (Jaime Lacasa) with (Passport Press, Chicago, published in 1991). This book provides a concise guide overall view of the idea of the Spanish-speaking world, behavior and business.
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Encyclopedia
Latin America Latin America 39%, 45% and 68%. Complex ethnic composition, Europe in 1804 established the first independent nation in Latin America. Caucasians, American Indians and African black people three kinds Thereafter, the size of the Latin American colonies broke vast independence Long-term integration of the family, formed six major ethnic types: to establish the liberation struggle, destroying the colonization of Spain and Portugal Mestizo nation human body, in Latin 'America China system. To 1826, more than 20 colonies of Spain Maximum sum, there are Mexicans, Hondurans, Sal has 17 countries gained independence. Brazil swing in 1822 Tile people, Nicaraguans, Panamanians, off Ecuador Portuguese rule declared independence. Dominican Republic People, Paraguayans, Chileans, etc.; mulatto _ kinds of people in the Republic of Cuba in 1844 and 1902, respectively, harvest For the national body, there are Dominicans, Cubans, etc.; stand. 1960s and 1980s, there are 12 British colonial With white as the main body of the nation, there are Argentines, Ula National Suriname and the Dutch colonies obtained independence Keijin, Costa Rica, etc.; human body with black stand. After World War II, especially since the 1960s, Leeds ethnic peoples of Latin America, there are Haitians, Jamaicans and Andy strong opposition from powerful foreign monopolies Various ethnic Islands; struggle for national, and foreign intervention force to the Indians as the main increasingly active. To maintain the sea There Maya, Quechua people, the Aztecs, the main foreign interests, rational use of natural resources and fertile, Chile, Lading Meizhou distribution in Guatemala, Bolivia and Peru; including Argentina and some other countries were to announce their exclusive economic Latin America (Latill America) American south Caucasians economic area or fishing zone width of three black and Indian ethnic composition is 200 nautical miles. To change the colonial system The Americas region. Latin pop ethnic language, social, ethnic mix, there are Brazilians, Venezuelans single economic structure and governance in Colombia due to the development of the national economy, pull Different from the United States and Canada, such as the use of sub-human politics and culture. America countries to actively promote local! B for the economic cooperation and trade English is the national language of mouth Mann family, hence the name. Including ink Latin America is an important ancient civilizations originated liberalization of world market integration process. 1962 Central America Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. North in one place. Indian is a pioneer in five countries in the Americas ancient civilization based on "General Treaty on Central American Economic Integration" North of the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande, said the United States) as the boundary with the United States and creators. Since 1492, Christopher Columbus "discovered" a new composition of the Central American Common Market big. 1969 14 countries in Latin America Bordering the south across the Drake Passage and Antarctica Antarctic half the land, in 1496 the Spanish colonization of the West Indies home built according to "a treaty banning nuclear weapons in Latin America", as recognized Island sea, east Atlantic, west Pacific. Mexican civil _set_tlements located in Santo Domingo, Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America have been gradually Europe Latin America, and later member States Between Mexico and the U.S. border to Cape Horn, and the colonists across the north and south to conquer and become Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom, show to 26. In 1969, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia Two hemispheres. Area of 0.72 million
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English Expression
n.: colombia, Latin America, Antigua and Barbuda, Hispanic America, Latin-American
brachylogy _set_ Greek [Latin] verse American History
colombia Culture coil
colombia News agency
Non- Colombia history
colombia agriculture economics
Colombia can source tissue
Colombia Export Bank
Colombia waterpower exploit
colombia petroleum industry
colombia independence outbreak
Latin American Economic System, LAES
journalism in Latin America
colombia literature blast
agrarian reform in Latin America
Colombia development Financial institution college
Colombia and Caribbean Development newspaper
Cornucopian adversity Colombia script
Colombia by Dissected vessel
Peking university colombia seminar
Colombia reporter conference
Latin American Integration Association, LAIA
Spain Colombia independence outbreak
Colombia ban Bomb tissue
Colombia Correspondent Tegaoshe
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Colombia and Caribbean division
century Colombia novel
Colombia ban Bomb treaty
Colombia literature big Garden
Colombia civil aviation committee
Colombia economics committee
Colombia Coeducation ac Institute
Arabia _set_ Greek [Latin] verse Americas Bank
Colombia Audit a scientific institution
banana republic
peso
junta
doubloon
Asia AFRICA Colombia Anti- colonization When two tigers fight, (one is going to get hurt). When two powers battle, (one's going to get hurt) Doctrine battle
trust territory Colombia and Caribbean economics committee
build Free-trade zone and Establish Colombia Trade is carried on between countries without import restrictions, eg tax and duty federative treaty
Colombia reach Caribbean area Internet Address register administration
Colombia Colonize Shiwuganbianhebingsongxiao Shanghai business marking library photocopy
Colombia Preserve and Repair cultural relic a research station
Colombia Regional Adult education and Literacy Center