For the treatment or diagnosis of disease, with a knife, scissors, needles and other equipment for operation in the human body part. The main treatment is surgery. Preoperative preparation for surgery can be carried out smoothly, prevent complications, to achieve the desired effect, preparatory work must be done before surgery; addition to mental preparation, it should determine the coagulation time, check the heart, lung, liver and kidney function measured blood and with blood. Allow patients to adapt to changes in exercise and after surgery. Surgery before the 1st haircut, shower, locker, hair, shave the surgical area, check the body temperature, menstrual cramps and other conditions. Fasted 12 hours before surgery, 4 hours before surgery ban on water, to prevent vomiting after anesthesia, causing aspiration or asphyxiation. Malnutrition, hypertension, diabetes or heart, lung, liver, kidney dysfunction, should be treated according to different circumstances, to tolerate surgery standards in order to surgery. Note in the postoperative, major surgery within 24 hours after the most severe pain should be quiet and rest, avoid hard activities. Necessary, intramuscular pethidine or morphine to relieve pain. After a mild fever, no appetite, body temperature is generally below 38 ℃, 3 to 5 days return to normal. If the fever for more than a week or rising, you should consider concurrent infection. Nausea, vomiting, anesthesia reaction is generally until after the disappearance of narcotic drugs can be alleviated. But to prevent aspiration. Severe abdominal distention, can be applied to continuous decompression. After hiccups may be directly affected by the nerve or diaphragmatic stimulation, supraorbital nerve compression can be used, short-term inhalation of carbon dioxide, decompression, to give sedative drugs or acupuncture, etc. Abdominal surgery, especially to be fasting after gastrointestinal surgery 2 to 3 days, until recovery of gastrointestinal function, you can gradually restore a small amount of liquid food, 6 to 8 in the future to restore normal diet. Fasting period with a small amount of food, from intravenous supply of water, electrolytes and nutrition. Postoperative complications are: ① cardiovascular accidents. More common in the original compensatory function of heart disease or atherosclerosis poor patients. Combat operations, blood transfusion or infusion too much too fast can cause arrhythmias, heart failure. Such patients should be strengthened for cardiac monitoring, control of infusion rate and found that the symptoms in time. ② atelectasis and pulmonary infection. More common in the elderly and those with chronic respiratory tract infection. ③ gastrointestinal complications. Such as bloating, stress ulcer (also known as acute gastric mucosal damage, hemorrhagic gastritis, erosive gastritis, etc.). ④ urinary tract complications. There are kidney failure, urinary retention. ⑤ wound complications. Apart from the bleeding caused by inadequate and there is dead space and hematoma fluid, there is wound infection, wound dehiscence, etc. Best time for surgery in children with congenital diseases (excellent for training) Currently, from the surgical point of view, the best time pediatric congenital surgery are: 1 after the birth of cleft lip generally 3 to 10 months of implementation of corrective surgery is best. At this point the baby has to adapt to the external environment, the local anatomy clear and flexible, providing favorable conditions for the surgery. If until years after the surgery, lip tissue began to shrink, it is unlikely that correction of the deformity. (2) tongue tie is too short to not make the child pronunciation, speaking affected, the best time in the surgical treatment within 6 months after birth. 3 If the child is born with congenital torticollis torticollis, there may be under the guidance of a doctor for non-surgical treatment, including local heat, massage and fixed dial are the head and so on. If children over 1 year old, should prompt surgical treatment, must not exceed 6 to 8 years old. Otherwise, the older of the face and neck deformities is difficult to rectify. 4 congenital heart disease for patent ductus arteriosus in children, usually 2 to 6 years of age in surgery; atrial septal defect in children, usually in 2 to 3 years after surgery is most appropriate; ventricular septal defect in children, if symptoms, in 1 to 3 years for surgery is the best. 5 umbilical hernia is generally self-healing. If 2 years of age still appears to be that big surgery. 6. Inguinal hernia is generally 1 year before the possibility of self-healing, unhealed after 1 year of age to surgery. 7. Cryptorchidism because the testes into the scrotum can not be, where the ambient temperature is too high, affecting their normal development. After puberty, the vast majority of cryptorchidism will atrophy, and loss of fertility, but also prone to cancer. Principles should be implemented as soon as possible surgical treatment, but infants and young children have decreased during the possibility of cryptorchidism, so the best time to be elected in surgery 5 to 6 years old for. 8. Prepuce prepuce is normal for infants and young children. Congenital phimosis, the vast majority will go away, acquired phimosis caused more damage due to inflammation, the formation of scar contracture of the foreskin. In inflammation control, generally 4 to 5 years old surgery is more appropriate.
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Encyclopedia
shoushu Surgery operation Knives, scissors, needles and other equipment for the local operation in the human body is the primary surgical treatment, commonly known as "cut." Purpose is to treat or diagnose diseases, such as removal of diseased tissue, repair damage, organ transplant, to improve the function and morphology of the body. Classified according to various methods of surgical classification, commonly used in the following categories. Breakdown by discipline can be divided into general surgery, orthopedic surgery, urologic surgery, thoracic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, brain surgery, gynecologic surgery, ophthalmic surgery, ENT surgery and orthopedic surgery. As science continues to develop surgical systems, more sophisticated division of labor, type of surgery but also more specialized. Such as general surgery, he also points his early neck, abdomen, tumors, burns and organ transplantation surgery; plastic surgery is also divided into function-based plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery for beauty-oriented, even to the nose, eyes, breast into specific organs, such as surgery. Jihuan by the disease can be divided into categories: ① elective surgery. An operation sooner or later will not affect the outcome. Such as duodenal ulcer after medical treatment fails, the need to line the gastrectomy cases. ② deadline surgery. Although still choose an operation time, but should not be too long delayed surgery. For example, gastric, breast and other cancer radical surgery, or duodenal ulcer complicated by pyloric obstruction ready line gastrectomy and so on. ③ emergency surgery. Need in the shortest possible time, the rapid implementation of the operation. Such as the liver or spleen rupture bleeding, strangulation obstruction, epidural hematoma, open fractures and so on. Preparation for surgery time should be as short as possible. For therapeutic purposes by the number of operations carried out can be divided into categories: ① a surgery. That is a complete surgery, the vast majority are of such surgery, such as surface tumor resection. ② staging surgery. Due to various constraints, an interval of a certain period of strokes surgery. Such as sigmoid volvulus, bowel necrosis have been, after the removal of necrotic bowel, poor blood circulation due to the colon, bacteria are more difficult to heal a match, it can make the two ends external colostomy (temporary surgery), later do two anastomosis (permanent operation). Orthopedic surgical staging method, the abdominal flap may be transferred by the upper head and neck. Stage surgery to surgery for more than two. Surgery can be divided into categories according to purpose: ① diagnostic surgery. To confirm the diagnosis and to do the surgery. Such as biopsy, laparotomy surgery and so on. ② radical surgery. Terms generally refers to tumors. Complete removal of benign tumors can; cancer radical surgery is required the corresponding region of the original tumor and lymph nodes en bloc together. ③ palliative surgery. Aimed at alleviating symptoms. Conditions can not be used for radical surgery. Such as advanced gastric cancer for the gastrojejunostomy, to relieve the symptoms of pyloric obstruction, but failed to remove the tumor.
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English Expression
: OP operation
n.: operation, surgery, medium, action performed by a surgeon on any part of the body, to treat or remove by cutting a diseased or an injured part, surgical operation
French Expression
n. opération, intervention chirurgicale
Thesaurus
operate, guide, operate, cause, cause motor driven truck, dominate, dominate, surgery, dominate