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Compass, paper, printing, gunpowder, four great inventions in ancient China, the Chinese nation for the outstanding contribution to human society. Including printing, by the Tang Zhiqing, far ahead of the world, Asian and African countries have remote woodblock printing, is the first of its kind to open the world of printing. Sibao town, is the only living witness to the ancient block printing, is the ancient Chinese civilization, the world's leading Record. ● long history of woodblock printing four-Fort, located in western Fujian Lin Shing, Changting, clean, rather be at the junction of four counties, is a remote mountain town. Here, however, its prosperity was the famous block printing industry, as the Ming and Qing period engraving of the four bases are currently the best preserved one among the "historical and cultural town in Fujian Province", the surviving group is also the ancient Bookstore included in the national key cultural relics protection units. Yan village, walking through town fog, weathered blocks of erosion, Wind & Fire house, the gatehouse stands, cornices Qiaojiao, scholarly drift. That ancient Bookstore. Court is now a village there are only fog known as "Indian room" at the site of over a hundred. Indian Bookstore is Sibao basic cottage, and more from the family business for generations, and familial and private sex show the salient features. Chow Kok Estate in fog and horse estates Markov, that is, block printing industry operates four Fort two family. Tsou language contained in the clan: "I Township in the Qianlong elbow, the book industry is very Sheng, who tired to get rich sea", the Bookstore "wide engraved ancient and modern genetic code, cloth all the four seas, Zizhu the product, Rao Ruo Su closed." Seeds House is a residential and Bookstore Ming combined the typical building, the Tian Tong, works of the Church, composed of John Po House, was founded in 1809 by three brothers surnamed Zou construction, an area of ten acres, nine Hall eighteen wells, there are more than 140 rooms. Hall is on the middle and lower public places, side hall and the first Phi rooms for residential and living area, large front rooms and the second side of Phi room for the Indian Bookshop, backyard for the warehouse and store room. Printed books sold to Jiangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang, hanging, Suzhou and Hangzhou and other places. According to historical records, the four-block printing industry in Fort Southern Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty Chenghua period (1465-1487), Ming Wanli years (1580) three Origin. He said the subject, yet to be verified, but sufficient to explain its long history. After several years development, the Qianlong and Jiaqing, dynasty, heyday of the three generations into India Square Persimmon g ratio, the book building buildings, a large book store at least hundreds of generations, dotted with small and medium Bookstore. Many hundreds of local booksellers, with fixed distribution, with flow trafficking. Booksellers also come to the field approved the sale of an endless stream, so that printed books Sibao "monopoly south, marketing the country, widely known overseas." After the printing industry with technology innovation and development, gradually declined, to the Late Qing Dynasty have been excluded without almost deprived. ● "copyright" early awareness in recent years, "against piracy", "Protection of Intellectual Property Rights" and slowly crescendos, the "copyright" sense of getting people's hearts. In the four-Fort, "copyright" is a modern buzzword, has long been at the time of its original bud. Gallery Four Block Printing in China within the Fort, a black mottled wood block printing plate, layer upon layer, placed in the window. "Possession of all board, turned engraved reserved," "possession of the vegetarian plate, turned engraved reserved" the words, engraved in the Indian plate, clearly visible. Four elderly people, according to Fort memories, "hidden board all" of the clan rules, is operating four Fort Fort engraving engraving printed four brush industry Chow, Markov developed two families to resolve family disputes and India due to intercropping printing of best-selling books, Diaoban disputes arising from competition, and clear copyright, copyright protection. Family Planning also carved off the new board has many limitations: generally not allowed to open the book has been engraved plate; the loan book board book printing printing of the book, all as is carried out, not a separate tag, if any breach of intervention by the patriarch. Therefore, when, Diaoban high value, not only because Diaoban production is not easy, but more importantly is to have engraving means a distribution of money and wealth e Diaoban, naturally became Chow, Ma separation of the two families the first properties. Within the family workshop to coordinate between the normal production operation, Zou, the two horse race has also developed a family of rules, known as the "Year of a refresh." It is said that in the coming year before the first month, the Bookstore sells all required to be published next year Shuayin clearing all the samples of books, stickers on the wall in their bookshop doors to first day stopping by each household on the occasion to understand each other out of the Bookstore book situation. In case of duplication of books, then the authority of chiefs or elders to come forward to adjust and avoid duplication. Then, a formal arrangement before the Bookstore year production tasks. "Tibetan plate all", the "Year of a refresh," the development of both allows us to see engraved printing Sibao family distinct characteristics, but also to show us four Fort ancient block printing industry, the operation of the internal management. ● more from the remnants of ancient books Diaoban, rare ancient books and local genealogical data research, to meet the needs of readers at different levels, four types of Fort variety of books printed, the content of everything, about 9, more than 900 categories. Of these, the targeting young school children, enlightenment book "story of young school King Lam," "Three Character Classic", "Zengguangxianwen" and so on; a service Examinee examination of the "language of capital Code", "Jane asked papers "" updating classical fine words "and g are scholars like the" Book of Changes, "" The Book of Songs, "" The Analects of Confucius "and" Mencius "and other classic historical, literary books, there are ancient poetry and personal corpus, but also people's daily entertainment entertainment novels, stories, drama, and so have the daily application of z Reader, medical books, but also geomancy, accounting for cards, books like Star count. Fort versions of the four ancient books, there are rare treasures: one is "Illustrated Golden Lotus." Ming Dynasty, a book come out of the "Golden Lotus" was listed as banned books later, in Beijing, Han, Hangzhou and other places difficult to publish, and the four Fort published the "Illustrated Golden Lotus", the existing library in Jilin University, is a prominent event in publishing history. Second, the "Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin" co printed edition, on the same page in the ink line is divided into upper and lower halves, the upper half s "Three Kingdoms", Journal of lower half of "The Water Margin." This version is rare in the history of printing. The third is "The West Chamber", with even the history of Indian pottery paper, the word black, punctuated with red, for the few ancient fine. Fourth, the "Butterfly Lovers" calligraphy mixed, each book page for the picture, under the text, illustrations and original. Fifth, it is known as one of the country name of the Ming Shi-Chi Bear with "I would rather County." Six is a small wire-bound known Masterpieces "The Analects" (Zhu intrinsic Annotations), 7 cm long, 5 cm wide, marking the page on the real part of only 6 cm long and 4 cm wide, the cover did not, the only remaining book "The Analects" Juan Liu to ten volumes, 212 pages; book characters maximum of 260 words a page, the book is printed on the side of the title "The Four Books of the whole note down", "eight say" and so forth. This is the exhibition curator Sibao engraving found from local farmers, the pages have been spotted beetle named eclipse. The small book is to easy to carry, such as today's pocket dictionary, or cheating in examinations is used in ancient times? Unknown. |