Les Misérables (literally "The Miserable Ones"; usually pronounced /leɪ ˌmɪzəˈrɑːb/; French pronunciation: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]), translated variously from the French as The Miserable Ones, The Wretched, The Poor Ones, The Wretched Poor, or The Victims , is a 1862 novel by French author Victor Hugo and is widely considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. It follows the lives and interactions of several French characters over a twenty-year period in the early 19th century, starting in 1815.
The novel focuses on the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption. It examines the nature of law and grace, and expounds upon the history of France, architecture of Paris, politics, moral philosophy, antimonarchism, justice, religion, and the types and nature of romantic and familial love. The story is historical fiction because it contains factual and historic events.
Les Misérables is known to many through its numerous stage and screen adaptations, most notably the stage musical of the same name, sometimes abbreviated "Les Mis" (pronounced /leɪ ˈmɪz/).
Novel form
Les Misérables contains many plots, but the main thread is the story of ex-convict, Jean Valjean (known by his prison number, 24601), who becomes a force for good in the world, but cannot escape his dark past. The novel is divided into five volumes, each volume divided into books, and subdivided into chapters (for a total of 365 chapters). Each chapter is relatively short, usually no longer than a few pages. Nevertheless, the book as a whole is quite lengthy by common standards, even exceeding 1,400 pages in unabridged editions (1900 pages in French). Within the borders of the novel's story, Hugo fills many pages with his thoughts on religion, politics, and society, including his three lengthy digressions, one being a discussion on enclosed religious orders, another being on argot, and most famously, his retelling of the Battle of Waterloo.
Plot
Volume I – Fantine
The story starts in 1815 in Digne. The peasant Jean Valjean has just been released from imprisonment in the Bagne of Toulon after nineteen years: five for stealing bread for his starving sister and her family, and fourteen more for numerous escape attempts. Upon being released, he is required to carry a yellow passport that marks him as a convict, despite having already paid his debt to society by serving his time in jail. Rejected by innkeepers, who do not want to take in a convict, Valjean sleeps on the street. This makes him even angrier and more bitter. However, the benevolent Bishop Myriel, the Bishop of Digne, takes him in and gives him shelter. In the middle of the night, he steals the bishop’s silverware and runs. He is caught, but the bishop rescues him by claiming that the silverware was a gift and at that point gives him his two silver candlesticks as well, chastising him to the police for leaving in such a rush that he forgot these most valuable pieces. The bishop then "reminds" him of the promise, which Valjean has no recollection of making, to use the silver to make an honest man of himself. As Valjean broods over these words, he steals a child's silver coin purely out of habit. He chases the boy away (Petit Gervais), but, soon after, he repents and decides to follow the bishop's advice. He searches the city for the child whose money he accidentally stole. At the same time, his theft is reported to the authorities, who now look for him as a repeat offender. If Valjean is caught, he will be forced to spend the rest of his life in prison, so he hides from the police.
Six years pass and Valjean, having assumed the pseudonym Monsieur Madeleine to avoid capture, has become a wealthy factory owner and is appointed mayor of his adopted town of Montreuil-sur-Mer. While walking down the street one day, he sees a man named Fauchelevent pinned under the wheels of his cart. When no one volunteers to lift the cart, he decides to rescue Fauchelevent himself. He crawls underneath the cart and manages to lift it, freeing him. The town's police inspector Javert, who was an adjutant guard at the Bagne of Toulon during Valjean's imprisonment, becomes suspicious of the mayor after witnessing his heroics. He knows the ex-convict Jean Valjean is also capable of such strength.
Years earlier in Paris, a grisette named Fantine was very much in love with a man named Félix Tholomyès. His friends Listolier, Fameuil, and Blachevelle were also paired with Fantine’s friends Dahlia, Zéphine, and Favourite. They later abandon the women as a joke, leaving Fantine to bear and care for Tholomyès' daughter, Cosette, by herself. When Fantine arrives at Montfermeil, she leaves Cosette in the care of the Thénardiers, a corrupt innkeeper and his selfish, cruel wife. Fantine is unaware that they abuse her daughter and use her as forced labor for their inn, and continues to try to pay their growing, extortionate demands for her upkeep. She is later fired from her job at Valjean's factory, due to the discovery of her illegitimate daughter, and is forced to resort to prostitution to pay for her daughter's care. Fantine is also slowly dying from an unnamed disease (probably tuberculosis). While roaming the streets, a dandy named Bamatabois harasses Fantine and puts snow down her back. She reacts by attacking him. Javert sees this and arrests Fantine. She begs to be released so she can provide for her daughter, but Javert sentences her to six months in prison. Valjean, hearing her story, intervenes and orders Javert to release her. Javert strongly refuses but Valjean persists and prevails. Valjean, feeling responsible because his factory turned her away, promises Fantine that he will bring Cosette to her. He takes her to a hospital.
Later, Javert comes to see Valjean again. Javert admits he had accused him of being Jean Valjean to the Parisian authorities after Fantine was freed. However, he tells Valjean that he no longer suspects him because the authorities have announced that another man has been identified as the real Jean Valjean after being arrested and having noticeable similarities. This man's name is Champmathieu. He is not guilty, but is mistaken. His trial is set the next day. At first, Valjean is torn whether to reveal himself, but decides to do so to save the innocent man. He goes to the trial and reveals his true identity. He then returns to Montreuil-sur-Mer to see Fantine, followed by Javert, who confronts him. After grabbing Valjean, Javert reveals Valjean’s identity to Fantine. Shocked, and with the severity of her illness, she falls back in her bed and dies. Valjean goes to Fantine, speaks to her in an inaudible whisper and kisses her hand. He then leaves with Javert.
Volume II – Cosette
Valjean manages to escape, only to be recaptured and sentenced to death. This was commuted by the king to penal servitude for life. While being sent to the prison at Toulon, a military port, Valjean saves a sailor about to fall from the ship's rigging. The crowd begins to call "This man must be pardoned!" but Valjean fakes a slip and falls into the ocean to escape, relying on the belief that he has drowned.
Valjean arrives at Montfermeil on Christmas Eve. He finds Cosette fetching water in the woods alone and walks with her to the inn. After ordering a meal, he observes the Thénardiers’ abusive treatment of her. He also witnesses their pampered daughters Éponine and Azelma treating Cosette badly as well when they tell on her to their mother for holding their abandoned doll. Upon seeing this, Valjean goes out and returns a moment later holding an expensive new doll. He offers it to Cosette. At first, she is unable to contemplate that the doll really is for her, but then happily takes it. This results in Mme. Thénardier becoming furious with Valjean, while M. Thénardier dismisses it, informing her that he can do as he wishes as long as he pays them. It also causes Éponine and Azelma to become envious of Cosette.
The next morning on Christmas Day, Valjean obtains Cosette with the letter from Fantine, and flees with her to Paris. Later, Javert finds Valjean’s new lodgings at Gorbeau House.
Valjean takes Cosette and they try to escape from Javert. They soon successfully find shelter in the Petit-Picpus convent with the help of Fauchelevent, the man whom Valjean rescued and who is a gardener for the convent. Valjean also becomes a gardener and Cosette becomes a student.
Volume III – Marius
Eight years later, the Friends of the ABC, led by Enjolras, are preparing an anti-Orléanist revolution on the eve of the Paris uprising on June 5–6, 1832, following the death of General Lamarque, the only French leader who had sympathy towards the working class. They are also joined by the poor, including the Thénardiers' eldest son Gavroche, who is a street urchin.
One of the students, Marius Pontmercy, has become alienated from his family (especially his grandfather M. Gillenormand) because of his liberal views. After the death of his father Colonel Georges Pontmercy, Marius discovers a note from him instructing his son to provide help to a sergeant named Thénardier who saved Pontmercy's life at Waterloo – in reality M. Thénardier was looting corpses and only saved Pontmercy's life by accident; he had called himself a sergeant under Napoleon to avoid exposing himself as a robber. At the Luxembourg Gardens, Marius falls in love with the now grown and beautiful Cosette. The Thénardiers have also moved to Paris and now live in poverty after losing their inn. They live under the surname "Jondrette" at Gorbeau House (coincidentally, the same building Valjean and Cosette briefly lived in after leaving the Thénardiers' inn). Marius lives there as well, next door to the Thénardiers.
Éponine, now ragged and emaciated, visits Marius at his apartment to beg for money. To impress him, she tries to prove her literacy by reading aloud from a book and by writing "The Cops Are Here" on a sheet of paper. Marius pities her and gives her some money. After Éponine leaves, Marius observes the "Jondrettes" in their apartment through a crack in the wall. A philanthropist and his daughter visit them—actually Valjean and Cosette. Marius immediately recognizes Cosette. After they leave, Marius asks Éponine to retrieve her address for him. Éponine, who is in love with Marius herself, reluctantly agrees to do so. The Thénardiers have also recognized Valjean and Cosette, and vow their revenge. M. Thénardier enlists the aid of the Patron-Minette, a well-known and feared gang of murderers and robbers.
Marius overhears M. Thénardier's plan and goes to Javert to report the crime. He then goes back home and waits for Javert and the police to arrive. When Valjean returns with rent money, M. Thénardier, with Patron-Minette, ambushes him and he reveals his identity to Valjean. Marius recognizes M. Thénardier as the man who "saved" his father's life at Waterloo and is caught in a dilemma. He tries to find a way to save Valjean while not betraying M. Thénardier. He sees the scrap of paper that Éponine earlier wrote on and throws it into the Thénardiers’ apartment through the crack. M. Thénardier reads it and thinks Éponine threw it inside. He, Mme. Thénardier and Patron-Minette try to escape, only to be stopped by Javert. He arrests all the Thénardiers and Patron-Minette (except Claquesous, who escapes during his transportation to prison, Montparnasse, who stops to run off with Éponine instead of joining in on the robbery, and Gavroche, who was not present and rarely participates in his family's crimes, a notable exception being his part in breaking his father out of prison). Valjean manages to escape the scene before Javert sees him.
Volume IV – St. Denis
After Éponine’s release from prison, she finds Marius and sadly tells him that she found Cosette’s address. She leads him to Valjean and Cosette's house at Rue Plumet, and Marius watches the house for a few days. He and Cosette then finally meet and declare their love for one another. M. Thénardier, Patron-Minette and Brujon manage to escape from prison with the aid of Gavroche. One night, during one of Marius’ visits with Cosette, the six men attempt to raid Valjean and Cosette's house. However, Éponine, who was sitting by the gates of the house, threatens to scream and awaken the whole neighbourhood if the thieves do not leave. Hearing this, they reluctantly retire. Meanwhile, Cosette informs Marius that she and Valjean will be leaving for England in a week’s time, which greatly troubles the pair.
The next day, Valjean is sitting in the Champ de Mars. He is feeling troubled due to seeing M. Thénardier in the neighbourhood several times. Unexpectedly, a note lands in his lap, which says "MOVE OUT." He sees a figure running away in the dim light. He goes back to his house tells Cosette they will be staying at their other house at Rue de l'Homme Arme and reconfirms with her about moving to England. Marius tries to get permission from M. Gillenormand to marry Cosette. His grandfather seems stern and angry, but has been longing for Marius's return. When tempers flare, he refuses, telling Marius to make Cosette his mistress instead. Insulted, Marius leaves. The following day, the students revolt and erect barricades in the narrow streets of Paris. Gavroche spots Javert and informs Enjolras that Javert is a spy. When Enjolras confronts him of this, he admits his identity and his orders to spy on the students. Enjolras and the other students tie him up to a pole in the Corinth restaurant. Later that evening, Marius goes back to Valjean and Cosette’s house at Rue Plumet, but finds the house no longer occupied. He then hears a voice telling him that his friends are waiting for him at the barricade. Distraught over Cosette gone, he heeds the voice and goes.
While Marius fights at the barricade, a soldier makes it in and aims at Marius. However, a man steps between them and puts his hand and body in front of the musket. The soldier fires, fatally shooting the man. The man then calls Marius by his name. Marius, and the reader, discovers that it is actually Éponine, dressed in men's clothes. Dying, she confesses that she told him to go to the barricade, in hoping that the two would die together. The author also states to the reader that Éponine anonymously threw the note to Valjean. Éponine gives Marius a letter that is addressed to him. It is written by Cosette, which she also confesses to have obtained a day earlier. After Éponine dies, Marius reads Cosette's letter and writes a farewell letter to her. Gavroche gives it to Valjean. Valjean, learning that Cosette's lover is fighting, is at first relieved, but an hour later, he puts on a National Guard uniform, arms himself with a gun and ammunition, and leaves his home.
Volume V – Jean Valjean
Valjean arrives at the barricade and immediately saves a man's life, though he is still not certain if he wants to protect Marius or to kill him. Marius recognizes Valjean upon seeing him. Enjolras announces that they are almost out of cartridges. Overhearing this, Gavroche goes to the other side of the barricade to collect more from the dead National Guardsmen. While doing so, he is shot and killed by the soldiers.
Later, Valjean saves Javert from being killed by the students. He volunteers to execute Javert himself, and Enjolras grants permission. Valjean takes Javert out of sight, and then shoots into the air while letting him go. As the barricade falls, Valjean carries off the injured and unconscious Marius. All the other students, including Enjolras, are killed. Valjean escapes through the sewers, carrying Marius' body on his shoulders. He evades a police patrol, but at the exit, he runs into Javert, whom he persuades to give him time to return Marius to his family. Javert grants this request. After leaving Marius at M. Gillenormand’s house, Valjean makes another request that he be permitted to go home shortly, which Javert also allows. They arrive at Rue de l'Homme Arme and Javert informs Valjean that he will wait for him. As Valjean walks upstairs, he looks out the landing window and finds Javert gone. Javert is walking down the street alone, realizing that he is caught between his strict belief in the law and the mercy Valjean has shown him. He feels he can no longer give Valjean up to the authorities. Unable to cope with this dilemma, Javert commits suicide by throwing himself into the Seine.
Marius slowly recovers from his injuries and he and Cosette are soon married.
Meanwhile, M. Thénardier and his younger daughter Azelma are attending the Mardi Gras as "masks." M. Thénardier spots Valjean among the wedding party heading the opposite direction and bids Azelma to follow them. After the wedding, Valjean confesses to Marius that he is an ex-convict. Marius is horrified by the revelation. Convinced that Valjean is of poor moral character, he steers Cosette away from him. Valjean loses the will to live and takes to his bed.
Later, M. Thénardier approaches Marius in order to blackmail him with what he knows of Valjean, but, in doing so, he inadvertently reveals all of the good Valjean has done, including his saving Marius' life on the barricades. Stunned by these revelations, Marius confronts M. Thénardier with his crimes and offers him an immense amount of money if he departs and promises never to return. M. Thénardier accepts the offer, and he and Azelma travel to America where he becomes a slave trader.
As Marius and Cosette rush to Valjean's house, he informs her that Valjean saved his life at the barricade. They arrive to see him, but the great man is dying. In his final moments, he realizes happiness with his adopted daughter and son-in-law by his side. He also reveals Cosette's past to her as well as her mother's name. Joined with them in love, he dies. As he lies dead between Cosette and Marius, the light from the Bishop's candlesticks remains all over, and in the midst of the night a light from the sky shines over Valjean, as if there were an enormous angel, awaiting to carry his soul to Heaven.
Characters
Major
* Jean Valjean (a.k.a. Monsieur Madeleine, a.k.a. Ultime Fauchelevent, a.k.a. Monsieur Leblanc, a.k.a. Urbain Fabre, a.k.a. 24601 a.k.a. 9430) — Convicted for stealing a loaf of bread, he is paroled from prison nineteen years later. Rejected by society for being a former convict, Bishop Myriel turns his life around by showing him mercy and encouraging him to become a new man. He assumes a new identity in order to pursue an honest life, becoming a factory owner and a mayor. He adopts and raises Fantine's daughter Cosette, saves Marius from the barricade, and dies at an old age, having kept his promise to the Bishop.
* Javert — An obsessive police inspector who continuously hunts, tracks down, and loses Valjean. He goes undercover behind the barricade, but is discovered and unmasked. Valjean has the chance to kill Javert, but lets him go. Later, Javert allows Valjean to escape. For the first time, Javert is in a situation in which he knows that the lawful course is immoral. His inner conflict leads him to take his own life by jumping into the River Seine.
* Bishop Myriel, the bishop of Digne (full name Charles-François-Bienvenu Myriel, a.k.a. Monseigneur Bienvenu) — A kindly old priest who is promoted to bishop by a chance encounter with Napoleon. He convinces Valjean to change his ways after Valjean steals some silver from him and saves Valjean from being arrested.
* Fantine — A Parisian grisette abandoned with a small child by her lover Félix Tholomyès. Fantine leaves her daughter Cosette in the care of the Thénardiers, innkeepers in a village called Montfermeil. Unfortunately, Mme. Thénardier spoils her own daughters and abuses Cosette. Fantine finds work at Monsieur Madeleine's factory, but is fired by a female supervisor who discovers that she is an unwed mother, as Fantine, being illiterate, had other people write her letters to the Thénardiers. To meet repeated demands for money from the Thénardiers, she sells her hair, then her two front teeth, and finally turns to prostitution. Valjean learns of her plight when Javert arrests her for attacking a man who called her insulting names and hurled snow at her back. She dies of a disease that may be tuberculosis before Valjean is able to reunite her with Cosette.
* Cosette (real name Euphrasie, a.k.a. the Lark, a.k.a. Mademoiselle Lanoire, a.k.a Ursule) — The illegitimate daughter of Fantine and Tholomyès. From approximately the age of three to the age of eight, she is beaten and forced to be a drudge by the Thénardiers. After Fantine dies, Valjean ransoms her from the Thénardiers and she becomes his adopted daughter. Nuns in a convent in Paris educate her. She later grows up to become very beautiful. She falls in love with Marius Pontmercy, and marries him at the end of the novel.
* M. and Mme. Thénardier (a.k.a. the Jondrettes, a.k.a. M. Fabantou, a.k.a. M. Thénard) — A corrupt innkeeper and his wife. They have five children: two daughters (Éponine and Azelma) and three sons (Gavroche and two unnamed younger sons). They take in Cosette in her early years, mistreating and abusing her. They also write fabricated letters about Cosette to Fantine in order to extort money from her. They end up losing the inn due to bankruptcy and moving to Paris, living as the Jondrettes. M. Thénardier is associated with an infamous criminal gang called the Patron-Minette, but contrary to common belief he is not their head, both sides operate independently. The Thénardier family also live next-door to Marius, who recognizes M. Thénardier as the man who "tended to" his father at Waterloo. Javert arrests them after Marius thwarts their attempts to rob and kill Valjean in their apartment. At the end of the novel, Mme. Thénardier has long since died in prison while M. Thénardier and Azelma travel to America where he becomes a slave trader.
* Marius Pontmercy — A second-generation baron (not recognized as such under the present régime because his father was ennobled by Napoleon Bonaparte) who fell out with his royalist grandfather after discovering his father was an officer under Napoleon. He studies law, joins the revolutionary ABC students and later falls in love with Cosette.
* Enjolras — The leader of the Friends of the ABC in the Paris uprising. A charming and intimidating man with angelic beauty, he is passionately devoted to democracy, equality and justice. Enjolras is a man of principle that believes in a cause – creating a republic, liberating the poor – without any doubts. He and Grantaire are executed by the National Guards after the barricade falls.
* Éponine (a.k.a. the Jondrette girl) — The Thénardiers' elder daughter. As a child, she is pampered and spoiled by her parents, but ends up a street urchin when she reaches adolescence. She participates in her father's crimes and begging schemes to obtain money. She is blindly in love with Marius. At Marius' request, she finds Valjean and Cosette's house for him and sadly leads him there. She also prevents her father, Patron-Minette and Brujon from robbing the house during one of Marius’ visits there to see Cosette. After disguising herself as a boy, she manipulates Marius into going to the barricades, hoping that they will die together. However, she saves Marius' life by reaching out her hand to stop a soldier's bullet heading for Marius; she is mortally wounded as the bullet goes through her hand and back. As she is dying, her final request to Marius is that once she has passed, he will kiss her on the forehead. He fulfils her request not because of romantic feelings on his part, but out of pity for her hard life.
* Gavroche — The unloved middle child and eldest son of the Thénardiers, younger than his sisters. He lives on his own and is a street urchin. He briefly takes care of his two younger brothers, unaware they are related to him. He takes part in the barricades and is killed while collecting bullets from dead National Guardsmen for the ABC students at the barricade.
Minor
* Mademoiselle Baptistine — Bishop Myriel's sister. She loves and venerates her brother.
* Madame Magloire — Domestic servant for the Bishop and his sister. She is fearful that he leaves the door open to strangers.
* Petit Gervais — A small boy who drops a coin. There are two perspectives on Jean Valjean's encounter with him. According to one, Valjean, still a man of criminal mind, places his foot on the coin and refuses to return it to the boy, despite Gervais' protests. When the boy flees the scene and Valjean comes to his senses, remembering what the bishop had done for him, he is horribly ashamed of what he has done and searches for the boy in vain. Another interpretation of this scene is that Jean Valjean was not aware that he was stepping on the coin, and snarls at Petit Gervais, thinking he is just annoying him, but realizes later that the coin was under his foot and feels horrible. Either way, he was uncaring of the boy's pleas.
* Félix Tholomyès — Fantine’s lover and Cosette’s biological father. A rich student, he puts his own happiness and well-being above anything else. He does not think much of his relationship with Fantine, considering it as "a passing affair." After impregnating Fantine, he abandons her as a joke. Hugo then concludes Tholomyès’ involvement in the story by saying that "twenty years later, under King Louis Philippe, he was a fat provincial attorney, rich and influential, a wise elector and rigid juryman; always, however, a man of pleasure."
* Fauchelevent — Valjean saves Fauchelevent’s life when Valjean lifts a carriage underneath which he is caught. Fauchelevent later will return the favor by providing sanctuary for Valjean and Cosette at a convent, and by providing his name for Valjean's use.
* Bamatabois — An idler who harasses Fantine and puts snow down her back. He is also one of the jurors at Champmathieu’s trial.
* Champmathieu — A vagabond who is mistakenly accused of being Valjean.
* Brevet — An ex-convict from Toulon who knew Valjean there. In 1823, he is serving time in the prison in Arras for an unknown crime. He is the first to claim that Champmathieu is really Valjean. Used to wear knitted, checkered suspenders.
* Chenildieu — A lifer from Toulon. He and Valjean were chain mates for five years. He once tried to remove the lifer's brand TFP (“travaux forcés à perpetuité,” “forced labor for life”) by putting his shoulder on a chafing dish full of embers. He is described as a small, wiry but energetic man.
* Cochepaille — Another lifer from Toulon. He used to be a shepherd from the Pyrenees who became a smuggler. He is described as stupid and has a tattoo on his arm, March 1, 1815.
* Sister Simplice — A nun who cares for Fantine on her sickbed. She lies to Javert to protect Valjean, despite her reputation for never having told a lie in her life.
* Mother Innocente (a.k.a. Marguerite de Blemeur) — The prioress of the Petit-Picpus convent.
* Toussaint — Valjean and Cosette's servant in Paris. She has a slight stutter.
* Monsieur Gillenormand — Marius' grandfather. A Monarchist, he disagrees sharply with Marius on political issues, and they have several arguments. He attempts to keep Marius from being influenced by his father, an officer in Napoleon's army. While in perpetual conflict over ideas, he does illustrate his love for his grandson.
* Mademoiselle Gillenormand — M. Gillenormand's surviving daughter, she lives with her father. Her half-sister (M. Gillenormand's daughter from another marriage), deceased, was Marius' mother.
* Colonel Georges Pontmercy — Marius's father, and an officer in Napoleon's army. Wounded at Waterloo, Pontmercy erroneously believes M. Thénardier saved his life. He tells Marius of this great debt. He loves Marius with his very heart, and even spies on him when M. Gillenormand does not allow him to visit.
* Ma'am Bougon (real name Madame Burgon) — Housekeeper of Gorbeau House.
* Mabeuf — An elderly churchwarden. He was friends with Colonel Pontmercy, and then befriends Marius after Colonel Pontmercy's death. He helps Marius realize the identity and intentions of his father. He has a great love for plants and books, but ends up having to sell his books due to descending into poverty. Feeling that all hope is lost, he joins the students in the insurrection. He is shot and killed at the top of the barricades when raising their flag.
* Magnon — Former servant of M. Gillenormand and friend of the Thénardiers. She had been receiving child support payments from M. Gillenormand for her two illegitimate sons, who she claimed were fathered by him. When her sons died in an epidemic, she had them replaced with the Thénardiers' two youngest sons so that she could protect her income. The Thénardiers get a portion of the payments. She is soon arrested due to being allegedly involved in the Gorbeau Robbery.
* Two little brothers — The two unnamed youngest sons of the Thénardiers. The Thénardiers send their sons to Magnon to replace her own two sons who died of illness. When Magnon is arrested, a cobbler gives the boys a note written by Magnon with an address to go to. Unfortunately, it is torn away from them due to a strong wind. Unable to find it, they end up living on the streets. They soon run into their brother Gavroche, who gives them temporary care and support. The two boys and Gavroche are unaware they are related. Immediately after Gavroche's death at the barricade, the two boys are last seen at the Luxembourg Gardens retrieving and eating discarded bread from a fountain. Their fates are left unknown.
* Azelma — The younger daughter of the Thénardiers. Along with her sister Éponine, she is spoiled as a child, and suffers the same ragged and impoverished fate with her family when she is older. She also takes part in her father’s crimes. Unlike her sister, Azelma is dependent and faint-hearted. She also does not show any defiance toward her father (this is evident when, before Valjean and Cosette’s charitable visit, he orders her to punch out a windowpane in their apartment in order to look poorer. Although hesitant, she does so, resulting in cutting her hand). After the failed robbery of Valjean, she is not seen again until Marius and Cosette’s wedding day, when she and her father are dressed up as "masks" for the Mardi Gras. At the end of the novel, Azelma is the only known Thénardier child who does not die and travels with her father to America.
* Patron-Minette — A quartet of bandits who assist in the Thénardiers' ambush of Valjean at Gorbeau House and the attempted robbery at the Rue Plumet. The gang consists of Montparnasse, Claquesous, Babet, and Gueulemer. Claquesous, who escaped from the carriage transporting him to prison after the Gorbeau Robbery, joins the revolution under the guise of "Le Cabuc" and is executed by Enjolras for firing on civilians.
* Brujon — A robber and criminal. He participates in crimes with M. Thénardier and the Patron-Minette gang (such as the Gorbeau Robbery and the attempted robbery at the Rue Plumet). The author describes Brujon as being "a sprightly young fellow, very cunning and very adroit, with a flurried and plaintive appearance."
* Friends of the ABC — A group of revolutionary students. They fight and die in the insurrection of the Paris uprising on June 5th and 6th, 1832. Their name is described as coming from the following: "They declared themselves the Friends of the A B C,--the Abaissé,-- the debased,--that is to say, the people. They wished to elevate the people. It was a pun which we should do wrong to smile at." Led by Enjolras, its other principal members are Courfeyrac, Combeferre, Jean Prouvaire, Feuilly, Bahorel, Laigle (nicknamed Bossuet, sometimes also written L'Aigle, Lesgle, Lègle or Lesgles), Joly, and Grantaire.
* Grantaire — Alcoholic student who, unlike the other revolutionaries, does not strongly believe in the cause of the ABC Society, but associates with them because he admires, loves and venerates Enjolras. In the novel, their relationship is compared to that of Orestes and his pederastic companion Pylades. Grantaire is executed alongside Enjolras.
Critical reception
The first two volumes of Les Misérables were published on April 3, 1862, heralded by a massive advertising campaign; the remainder of the novel appeared on 15 May 1862. At the time, Victor Hugo enjoyed a reputation as one of France's foremost poets, and the appearance of the novel was a highly anticipated event. Critical reactions were wide-ranging and often negative; some critics found the subject matter immoral, others complained of its excessive sentimentality, and still others were disquieted by its apparent sympathy with the revolutionaries. The Goncourt brothers expressed their great dissatisfaction, judging the novel artificial and disappointing. Flaubert could find within it "neither truth nor greatness." French critic Charles Baudelaire reviewed the work glowingly in newspapers, but in private castigated it as "tasteless and inept."
The book was a great commercial success. The shortest correspondence in history is between Hugo and his publisher Hurst & Blackett in 1862. It is said Hugo was on vacation when Les Misérables (which is over 1200 pages) was published. He telegraphed the single-character message "?" to his publisher, who replied with a single "!". First translated into foreign languages (including Italian, Greek, and Portuguese) the same year it originally appeared, it proved popular not only in France, but across Europe. It has been a popular book ever since it was published, and was a great favourite among the Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War, who occasionally called themselves "Lee's Miserables" (a reference to their deteriorating conditions under General Robert E. Lee). Its popularity continues to this day, and many view it as one of the most important novels ever written.
English translations
* Charles E. Wilbour. New York: Carleton Publishing Company. June 1862. The first American translation, published only months after the French edition of the novel was released. Also, New York: George Routledge and Sons. 1879.
* Lascelles Wraxall. London: Hurst and Blackett. October 1862. The first British translation.
* Translator unknown. Richmond, Virginia. 1863. Published by West and Johnston publishers.
* Isabel F. Hapgood. Published 1887, this translation is available at Project Gutenberg.
* Norman Denny. Folio Press, 1976. A modern British translation subsequently published in paperback by Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-044430-0. In the very strictest sense this edition is not quite an unabridged translation: Norman Denny explains in his introduction that he moved two of the novel's longer digressive passages into annexes, and that he also made some abridgements in the text, which he claims are minor.
* Lee Fahnestock and Norman MacAfee. Signet Classics. March 3, 1987. An unabridged edition based on the Wilbour translation with modernization of language. Paperback ISBN 0-451-52526-4
* Julie Rose. 2007. Vintage Classics, July 3, 2008. The first new complete translation for over a decade. Julie Rose lives in Sydney and is the translator of more than a dozen works, including a well-received version of Racine's Phèdre as well as works by Paul Virilio, Jacques Rancière, Chantal Thomas, and many others. This new translation published by Vintage Classics includes a detailed biographical sketch of Victor Hugo’s life, a chronology, and notes. ISBN 978-0-09-951113-7
Adaptations
Film and television
* 1907, On the barricade, directed Alice Guy Blaché, early adaptation of a part of the novel
* 1907, Le Chemineau
* 1909, directed by J. Stuart Blackton
* 1909, The Bishop's Candlesticks, directed by Edwin S. Porter
* 1911, directed by Albert Capellani
* 1913, directed again by Albert Capellani
* 1913, The Bishop's Candlesticks, directed Herbert Brenon, adaptation of the second book of the first volume
* 1917, directed by Frank Lloyd
* 1922, director unknown
* 1923, Aa Mujou, directed by Kiyohiko Ushihara and Yoshinobu Ikeda, Japanese film, production cancelled after two of four parts
* 1925, directed by Henri Fescourt
* 1929, The Bishop's Candlesticks, directed by Norman McKinnell, first sound film adaptation
* 1929, Aa Mujou, directed by Seika Shiba, Japanese film
* 1931, Jean Valjean, directed by Tomu Uchida, Japanese film
* 1934, directed by Raymond Bernard
* 1935, directed by Richard Boleslawski
* 1937, Gavrosh, directed by Tatyana Lukashevich, Soviet film
* 1938, Kyojinden, directed by Mansaku Itami, Japanese film
* 1943, Los Miserables, directed by Renando A. Rovero, Mexican film
* 1944, El Boassa, directed by Kamal Selim, Egyptian film
* 1948, I Miserabili, directed by Riccardo Freda
* 1949, Les Nouveaux Misérables, directed by Henri Verneuil
* 1950, Re mizeraburu: Kami to Akuma, directed by Daisuke Ito (English title: Gods and Demons)
* 1950, Ezhai Padum Padu and Beedala Patlu, directed by K. Ramnoth in Tamil and Telugu.
* 1952, directed by Lewis Milestone
* 1952, I miserabili, re-release of the 1947-film
* 1955, Kundan, directed by Sohrab Modi, Indian Hindi film
* 1958, directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois, starring Jean Gabin
* 1958, Os Miseráveis, directed by Dionísio Azevedo, Brazilian film
* 1961, Jean Valjean, Korean film by Seung-ha Jo
* 1961, Cosette, directed by Alain Boudet on Claude Santelli’s program Le Théâtre de la jeunesse
* 1962, Gavroche, directed by Alain Boudet on Le Théâtre de la jeunesse
* 1963, Jean Valjean, directed by Alain Boudet on Le Théâtre de la jeunesse
* 1964, I miserabili, Italian TV-miniseries directed by Sandro Bolchi, starring: Gastone Moschin (Jean Valjean), Tino Carraro (Javert), Giulia Lazzarini (Fantine/adult Cosette), Loretta Goggi (young Cosette), Antonio Battistella (Thénardier), Cesarina Gheraldi (Mme. Thénardier), Angela Cardile (Éponine), Roberto Bisacco (Marius), Claudio Sora (Enjolras), Aldo Silvani (Monseigneur Bienvenu) and Edoardo Nevola (Gavroche), nearly ten hours long
* 1967, TV miniseries directed by Alan Bridges, starring: Frank Finlay (Jean Valjean), Anthony Bate (Javert), Alan Rowe (Thénardier), Judy Parfitt (Mme. Thénardier), Michele Dotrice (Fantine), Lesley Roach (Cosette), Elizabeth Counsell (Éponine), Vivian Mackerall (Marius), Derek Lamden (Gavroche), Cavan Kendall (Enjolras), Finlay Currie (Bishop of Digne)
* 1967, Os Miseráveis, Brazilian film
* 1967, Sefiller, Turkish film
* 1972, French TV miniseries directed by Marcel Bluwal, starring: Georges Géret (Jean Valjean), Bernard Fresson (Javert), Nicole Jamet (Cosette), François Marthouret (Marius), Alain Mottet (Thénardier), Micha Bayard (Mme. Thénardier), Hermine Karagheuz (Éponine), Anne-Marie Coffinet (Fantine), Jean-Luc Boutté (Enjolras), Gilles Maidon (Gavroche), François Vibert (Monseigneur Myriel)
* 1973, Los Miserables, Mexican TV adaptation directed by Antulio Jiménez Pons. Starring: Sergio Bustamante (Jean Valjean), Antonio Passy (Javert), Blanca Sánchez (Fantine), Edith González (Young Cosette), Carlos Ancira (Thénardier), Magda Guzmán (Mme. Thénardier), Diana Bracho (Cosette), Luis Torner (Marius), María Rojo (Éponine), Carlos Arguelles (Gavroche), Héctor Bonilla (Enjolras), Ángel Garasa (Bishop Myriel), Fernando Soler (M. Gillenormand), Alejandro Ciangherotti (Fauchelevent), José Luis Jiménez (Mabeuf)
* 1978, UK telefilm, directed by Glenn Jordan and starring Anthony Perkins, Richard Jordan, John Gielgud, Cyril Cusack, and Claude Dauphin
* 1978, Al Boasa, Egyptian adaptation
* 1982, directed by Robert Hossein
* 1985, TV version of the 1982 film, which is 30 minutes longer and divided into four parts
* 1995, directed by Claude Lelouch (a loose, multi-layered adaptation set in the 20th century starring Jean-Paul Belmondo)
* 1995, Les Misérables – The Dream Cast in Concert (musical done in concert style)
* 1998, directed by Bille August and starring Liam Neeson, Geoffrey Rush, Uma Thurman, Hans Matheson, and Claire Danes
* 2000, 6-hour French TV miniseries directed by Josée Dayan and co-produced by Gérard Depardieu, starring: Gérard Depardieu (Jean Valjean), John Malkovich (Javert), Christian Clavier (Thénardier), Veronica Ferres (Mme. Thénardier), Charlotte Gainsbourg (Fantine), Virginie Ledoyen (Cosette), Enrico Lo Verso (Marius), Asia Argento (Éponine), Jeanne Moreau (Mother Innocente), Steffen Wink (Enjolras), Jérôme Hardelay (Gavroche), Otto Sander (Monseigneur Bienvenu)
* 2000, 3-hour English TV movie version of the 2000 French miniseries
Animation
* 1977, Cosette, Soviet animation
* 1977, Shoujo Cosette, broadcasted on the Japanese television program Manga Sekai Mukashi Banashi, 1 episode, Japanese animation
* 1978, Aa Mujou, cover the first two volumes of the novel, broadcasted on Manga Sekai Mukashi Banashi, 13 episodes, Japanese animation
* 1979, Jean Valjean Monogatari, directed by Takashi Kuoka for Toei Animation and written by Masaki Tsuji, Japanese animation
* 1988, by Emerald City Productions
* 1992, a 26 episode French animated TV series by Studios Animage, AB Productions and Pixibox
* 2007, Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette, a 52 episode Japanese animated TV series by Nippon Animation
Radio
* 1937, written, produced, and directed by Orson Welles
* 1952, directed by Earl Ebi
* 1982, directed by Hyman Brown
* 2001, directed by Sally Evans and Jeremy Mortimer
* 2002, directed by Philip Glassborow
Musical
Main article: Les Misérables (musical)
* In 1980, a musical of the same name opened in Paris at the Palais des Sports. It has gone on to become one of the most successful musicals in history. It was directed by Robert Hossein, the music was composed by Claude-Michel Schönberg, and the libretto was written by Alain Boublil.
* In 1985, an English language version opened in London at the Barbican Arts Centre. It was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and adapted and directed by Trevor Nunn and John Caird. The lyrics were written by Herbert Kretzmer and additional material by James Fenton.
* In 1987, the musical debuted on Broadway in New York City at the Broadway Theatre.
* 2007, Les Misérables: School Edition, copyrighted
* 2008, Les Misérables: Le Capitole de Québec version, directed by Frédéric Dubois
* 2010, Les Misérables was performed on the West End in London for three weeks.
Plays
* In 1863, one year after the novel was published, Charles Victor Hugo (Hugo's son) and Paul Meurice first adapted the novel for theatre.
* In 1906, Broadway actor Wilton Lackaye wrote an adaptation in five acts, titled The Law and the Man, though primarily with the interest of creating himself a strong role (he would play Valjean).
* An outdoor adaptation was performed in the summer at the Citadelle in France.
* There is a play adaptation by Jonathan Holloway. Donvale Christian College performed the Holloway adaptation for stage during late April 2010, using limited modern objects for certain scenes.
* There is a play adaptation by Tim Kelly.
* There is a play adaptation by Spiritual Twist Productions. This play highlights more of the religious aspect from the novel. It was last performed in April 2005 at the Clayton Center.
Games
* An adventure game has been released by Chris Tolworthy, intended as a direct adaptation of the book.
* There is a free downloadable amateur 2D fighting game based on the musical. The game is called ArmJoe, which is created by Takase. The name is a pun on the novel's Japanese title Aa Mujou (ああ無情). The game incorporates the major characters as they appear in the musical, namely Jean Valjean, Enjolras, Marius, Cosette, Éponine, Thénardier, and Javert — as well as a policeman, a robotic clone of Valjean called RoboJean, an embodiment of Judgement, and a rabbit named Ponpon.
Unofficial sequels
* In July 1995, Laura Kalpakian's novel Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables was released. The novel is published by HarperCollins. Tom De Haven from Entertainment Weekly called the novel "dull and overwrought and corny," and gave it a C- grading.
* In 2001, François Cérésa released his own two sequels to the novel: Cosette or the Time of Illusions and the follow-up Marius or The Fugitive. Both novels are published by Plon. Hugo's descendants, including his great-great-grandson Pierre Hugo, wanted the novels banned, considering that they breach the moral rights of the author and betrays the "respect of the integrity" and "spirit" of Hugo's original novel to make money. Cérésa had even retconned a key scene in the original novel, bringing back the character Inspector Javert and changed him to be a hero. In 2007, the Cour de Cassation ruled in favor of Cérésa and Plon.
Novel. Hugo for France in 1862. Poor workers as Jean Valjean stealing a loaf of bread, sat 19 years in prison. After his release, Bishop of probation in a good ◇ determined to become the next big business owners and the mayor, to do a lot of the work of social improvement. He rescue workers abandoned the unfortunate Fantine and her daughter Cosette, and the uprising in 1832, rescued an injured young revolutionaries Maliyousi. Finally lonely and miserably died.
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Biography of
Biography Victor Hugo (1802.2.26 ~ 1885.5.22) English (Victor Hugo) 19 century Romanticism Shuo Ni url] leaders, representatives of humanitarian, known as the "Shakespeare of France." Hugo was born in eastern France close to Swiss Doubs Besançon, his father was a general under Napoleon, Hugo childhood troops in Spain with his father, 10-year-old back to Paris to go to school, secondary school graduates into law Academy, but his interest is in writing, 15 years old at the College de France poetry contest will award 17-year-old in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition" was the first, 20-year-old collection of poems published in "Song Poems," because the praise of Bourbon the restoration of Louis XVIII were rewarded, after a large number of exotic writing poetry. And July after the Bourbon dynasty, he felt disappointed, as republicans, he also wrote a number of drama and plays, several distinctive features and implementation of its novel ideas. Hugo was elected in 1841, French Academy, 1845, he served on the MP, in February 1848 after the revolution, he served as parliamentary representatives of the Republic, became the emperor Napoleon III in 1851, Hugo rose up against and forced into exile, exile wrote a political satire "punishment _set_", each chapter with a Napoleon III provisions of the policy agenda, and to be ironic, but also with the achievements of Napoleon I and Napoleon III, the shame of contrast.
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Directory
The first Fantine Volume I of a person of integrity Chapter No. 01, Mr. Myriel Chapter No. 02, Mr. Myriel renamed Bishop Bienvenu Chapter No. 03 hit a good hard Diocese Bishop Chapter 04 Chapter Yanxingheyi Chapter No. 05 Bishop Bienvenu wear long robes He asked who the first 06 chapters of his house guard Chapter Chapter 07 carat Walter Chapter 08 Philosophical first drink Chapter No. 09 Elder brother Mei Tan Chapter 10, the bishop visited the unknown philosopher Chapter 11 of the hearts of grievances Chapter 12 Bishop Bienvenu cold Menting Chapter 13 of his letter Chapter 14, he thought Volume sink Chapter 01 near the first evening walking all day long Section 02 of the wisdom and care chapter Chapter 03 Chapter obey the heroic spirit Chapter 04 Chapter Tali Ai Peng details cheese factory Chapter 05 Chapter quiet Chapter No. 06 Jean Valjean Disappointed with the contents of the first Chapter 07 Chapter 08, and the spirits of the first waves Chapter 09 the loss of the first new Chapter 10, the man woke up Chapter 11 of the things he did Chapter 12 bishops working Chapter 13 Little Gervais The third volume in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventeen Chapter 1817 Chapter 01 Double Quartet No. Chapter 02 Chapter 03 Chapter four pairs of four Chapter 04 to Chapter Tholomyes music to sing Spanish songs Chapter 05 Chapter Bombarda Restaurant Love the first chapter Chapter 06 Article 07 of Chapter Tholomyes opinions Chapter Chapter 08 the death of a horse Chapter 09 the joy of happy ending of a chapter Volume IV is sometimes given away sustenance Chapter No. 01 met another mother of a mother Chapter two Chapter 02 the initial description of the thief faces Chapter 03 Chapter lark Volume V downhill Chapter 01 Chapter sintered fine history of the development of the factory ① Chapter 02 Chapter Madeleine Chapter Lafayette Chapter 03 bank deposits Chapter 04 Chapter Madeleine wearing mourning Chapter Chapter 05 Lightning subtle horizon Chapter 06 Chapter Father Fauchelevent Chapter No. 07 in Paris when the gardener cut the wind Chapter 08 Chapter 维克杜尼昂 his wife took the hearts of mankind thirty-five francs Chapter 09 done first wife 维克杜尼昂 The consequences of Chapter 10 done Chapter 11 Christ save us Chapter 12 of the boring Mr. Bama wave Chapter 13 City Police Station, where some problems Volume Javert Chapter 01 the beginning of the first rest Chapter Chapter 02, "Ran" How can become a "commercial" VII Champmathieu case Chapter No. 01 San 普丽斯姆姆 Chapter 02 is jam-master section of the smart Friar First in the minds of the storm Chapter 03 Chapter No. 04 in the shape of pain during sleep Chapter No. 05 in the rod wheel Chapter 06 by the first test of bulk 普丽斯姆姆 Chapter 07 of the first travelers to prepare the return Chapter 08 seated first preference Chapter 09 counts of first place a piece Chapter 10 means denying Chapter 11 is more baffling the Champmathieu VIII spread M. Madeleine in the first 01 chapters of the mirror to see what her hair Chapter 02 Chapter Fantine happy Javert proud of the first Chapter 03 Chapter Chapter 04 again the judiciary to exercise legal rights Chapter 05 for the first grave Part II Co_set_te Vol Waterloo Chapter No. 01 come from the Neville seen Chapter 02 Chapter Wugu Meng Chapter 03 Chapter 18 June 1815 Chapter 04 A Chapter Chapter 05 the mystery of the first war Chapter 06 Chapter four in the afternoon Chapter 07 Chapter Napoleon happy Chapter 08 to guide the emperor first asked the question Lacoste Except for the first Chapter 09 Chapter 10 St. John's Hill Heights Chapter 11 Napoleon's guide bad, better than the Los guide Chapter 12 Habayashi Army Chapter 13 disaster Chapter 14 of the last phalanx Chapter 15 cambron Rhone Chapter 16, the proportion of general Chapter 17 Waterloo, we should recognize the right? Chapter 18 Chi-Fu divine right Chapter 19 night on the battlefield II warship "Orion No." Chapter No. 01 ch. ii 四六 ○ ○ become 九四 三 No. Chapter 02 is perhaps the first two lines of poetry ghost Chapter Chapter 03 must be made ready in advance, a hammer will break shackles Complete the third volume of his promise to the dead Chapter 01 Chapter Meng Fei Mei's water problem First two complete portrait of Chapter 02 Chapter 03 Chapter people to drink, horses to water Chapter 04 Chapter doll play Chapter 05 Chapter lonely little girl Chapter No. 06 Po This may prove a clever hot bald Liuer Chapter 07 and Chapter Co_set_te, the stranger in the dark walking side by side Chapter No. 08 received a perhaps the trouble of the poor rich Chapter 09 Chapter Thenardier manipulative Chapter 10 self-defeating IV Gorbeau old house Chapter 01 Chapter Gorbeau adviser Chapter 02 shows the first eye owl and bird nest S hard as Gan Chapter 03 Chapter 04 the discovery of the first principal tenant The first chapter of a 05 floor five-franc coin Dinglinger V of the silent night search dogs Chapter 01 Strategy Chapter curve Fortunately, the first Chapter 02 was driving on the bridge of Austerlitz Chapter No. 03 in 1727 to see a street map of Paris First find a way out of Chapter 04 Chapter 05 with the first gas lights would not have such thing Chapter 06 the start of the first riddle Chapter Chapter 07 talk about charades Chapter 08 came the first of a riddle Chapter 09 of the first people to wear bells Chapter 10 Javert's been outsmarted Volume small Picpus Chapter 01 Chapter Picpus street sixty 二号 Chapter 02 Add Chapter 玛尔丹维尔 branch Chapter 03 Chapter severe Chapter 04 Chapter pleasant Chapter 05 Chapter ridiculed wave Chapter Chapter 06 yard Chapter 07 in the first few dark shadows Chapter 08 is the people behind the first stone Chapter 09 under the first head pocket of a century Chapter 10 will be the origin of Wing King Chapter 11, the outcome of small Picpus VII extraneous words Chapter 01 Discussion Chapter Convent from the abstract 02 facts about the first chapter from the Convent Chapter Chapter 03 under what circumstances we can respect the past Chapter No. 04 Convent from the primitive point of view Chapter 05 Prayer Chapter Chapter 06 is absolutely the first goodness prayer Person in charge of the first chapter should be measured 07 Chapter 08 Chapter faith, law VIII Cemetery acceptance of all people to it Chapter 01 of the first opportunities to enter seminary Chapter 02 Chapter Fauchelevent difficulties Chapter 03 Chapter pure Mother Chen Jean Valjean went so far as the first Chapter 04 奥斯丹加斯 DeLay read about the work Chapter 05 by the first drink is not enough to ensure immortality Chapter four boards in the middle of Chapter 06 Chapter Chapter 07, "Do not put the card lost" ① the origin of this idiom Chapter 08 success of the first Question and Answer Chapter 09 Chapter latent Mali Eustace III (also translated as: Marius) Volume of atoms from Paris to see Paris Chapter 01 Chapter little man Chapter Chapter 02 some of the characteristics of his Chapter 03 Chapter he was funny Chapter 04 Chapter he may be useful The boundaries of his first Chapter 05 Chapter 06 A little history first Chapter No. 07 in the ranking of India, Wild child may have his position Chapter Chapter 08 last king a punch line Chapter 09 Chapter Gallic antiquity Chapter 10 Look at the Paris, see this man Chapter 11, laughing, model Chapter 12 the people of the future world Chapter 13 Little Gavroche Volume II large gentleman Chapter 01 and Chapter Thirty-nine-year-old tooth Chapter 02 has its first owner, must have its house Chapter 03 Chapter Minghui Chapter 04 million elderly people first look Chapter 05 Chapter Basque and Nicolette Chapter 06 A Brief Discussion of Chapter Marsh and her two children Chapter No. 07 house rules: days is not black, not off S not a pair of two Chapter 08 Volume III Waizu and grandson S oldest living room Chapter 01 Chapter 02 of the first year a red ghost Chapter No. 03 Haier would like to complain Jieyuan interest Chapter 04 the outcome of the first culprits Chapter 05 with the first Mass, the function that makes the revolutionary Chapter 06 meets the first priest of the consequences of a financial management Chapter Chapter 07 short sarong ① Chapter Chapter 08 Granite Marble touch IV ABC friends The first 01 chapters of the organization a little name for ourselves Chapter No. 02 Lei Mourning Bolong more words, for Bossuet Chapter 03 Chapter surprise Marius Chapter 04 Chapter Community Hall, after the cafe is still Chapter 05 of the expansion of the first vision Chapter 06 Chapter dilemma Magical V of suffering Chapter 01 Chapter Marius down and worry the poor Chapter 02 Chapter Marius impoverished life Chapter 03 Chapter Marley grew Eustace Chapter 04 Chapter Mr. Ma Baifu Chapter 05 Chapter poor is a good neighbor bitter Chapter 06 Chapter successor Volume matched stars Chapter 01 Chapter nickname: the formation of the name means Chapter 02 is the first real light Chapter 03 the effect of the first spring Chapter Chapter 04 the start of a serious illness Chapter Chapter 05 consecutive head thunderbolt fell Bugong mother Chapter No. 06 captured Chapter 07 U Chapter puzzles Chapter Chapter 08 can also enjoy themselves Invalides Chapter 09 Missing Chapter VII Minette Chapter 01 Chapter basement and underground activists The bottom of the first Chapter 02 Chapter 03 Chapter Barber, sea mouth, teeth and Bahners Iron Mountain Chapter 04 the composition of the first gang VIII evil of the poor Chapter 01 Chapter Marius find a girl wearing a hat, they encountered a man wearing a cap Chapter No. 02 found Chapter 03 Chapter Four people face Chapter 04 in the first Rose poor Chapter 05 Chapter innate Zeiyan Chapter Chapter 06 Orc Cave Chapter 07 Strategies and Tactics Chapter Chapter 08 in the first ray of light poor Cave Chapter 09 Chapter Jondrette almost ready to cry Chapter 10 Public cart pricing: two francs per hour Chapter 11 for the suffering of the poor service of your Chapter 12 Bai uses the five francs Chapter 13 alone in the distance, do not miss Recite "Our Father" Chapter 14, a lawyer, a police officer to the fist two Chapter 15 Jondrette procurement of supplies Chapter 16 in 1832 with a popular song adapted from the British tune Chapter 17 Montgomery Eustace use of the five francs Chapter 18 Montgomery Eustace's two chairs arrayed across Chapter 19 Beware of the dark Chapter 20 framed Chapter 21 thieves to catch the victim should always be first Chapter 22 ① in the third book in the children cry Fourth Bulv Mei Street, Saint Denis Street, the children of love and blood of heroes Volume few pages of history Chapter 01 has the beginning of the first S no end of Chapter 02 Louis Chapter No. 03 - Philippe Chapter 04 following the first cracks in foundation Chapter 05 and Chapter history from the things I do not know the history Chapter 06 Chapter Enjolras and his lieutenant were II Ai Panni Chapter No. 01 Braun Field Chapter 02 in the first criminal prison embryo hatching Chapter 03 Chapter Ma Baifu father's adventures Chapter 04 Chapter Marley Eustace's adventures Volume III Bulv Mei Street, a house Chapter 01 Chapter secret house Jean Valjean took part in the first 02 chapters of the National Guard Chapter 03 Chapter Maoye Grateloupia Chapter Chapter 04 changed the bars the door Chapter No. 05 Rose found herself fighting weapons First start of the war Chapter 06 Chapter 07 Chapter worry, more worry Chapter No. 08 long-chain Volume IV is perhaps the following assistance to the assistance of the above Chapter 01 Chapter trauma, the more Chapter 02 Chapter Plutarch mother lip Unlike at the beginning of the end of Volume V Chapter 01 Chapter Huang Yuan combined with barracks Chapter 02 Chapter fear Co_set_te Chapter 03 Chapter Dusan it more lively Chapter 04 following a heart of stone Chapter Chapter 05 to see the first letter after Co_set_te Fortunately, the elderly go first time Chapter 06 VI Little Gavroche Chapter 01 Chapter air prank Chapter No. 02 James Little Gavroche light of Napoleon the Great Chapter 03 Chapter escape adventure VII cannot Chapter 01 Chapter Source Chapter 02 Chapter root Chapter 03 Chapter cry and laugh, then black, then black Chapter No. 04 dual responsibility: the care and expectations Joy and disappointment VIII Chapter 01 good first spring Chapter Chapter 02 of the anesthesia happy Chapter 03 is the beginning of Chapter shadow Chapter 04 Chapter cab ① roll in English, called the black words Chapter 05 of the first things the night Chapter 06 Chapter Marius address the reality to tell his Co_set_te Chapter 07 and Chapter old young at heart frank and open heart IX they going? Chapter No. 01 Jean Valjean Chapter 02 Chapter Marley Eustace Chapter 03 Chapter Mr. Ma Baifu Section X 5 June 1832 Chapter 01 Chapter surface of the problem Chapter 02 Chapter nature of the problem Chapter 03 Chapter burial: regeneration of the machine Chapter 04 Boiling the first year Chapter 05 features the first Paris XI atoms and storm became brothers Chapter 01 chapter on the source of the poem Gavroche Some explanations Chapter 02 Chapter Gavroche on the move Chapter 03 Chapter barber reasonable anger S Chapter 04 case of a child frightened elderly Chapter Chapter 05 for the elderly Chapter Chapter 06 recruits XII Collins Collins opened the first 01 chapters of history since the At first, the joy of the first Chapter 02 Chapter 03 Chapter Grantaire start to feel dark Chapter 04 Chapter tries to comfort a widow in Shilu Chapter 05 for the first Chapter 06 Chapter wait Chapter 07 Chapter Street, joined the team in the Pi Aite man Article 08 called Cabin chapter on Booker Booker actually may not be the person Cabin Several question marks Volume XIII Marley Eustace into the dark Chapter No. 01 to the Saint Denis area from Bulv Mei Street Chapter No. 02 Xiao Kan map of Paris Chapter 03 limits the edge of the first XIV the great disappointment Chapter No. 01 flag - the first act Chapter No. 02 flag - Act II Chapter Chapter 03 may be initially Gavroche Accepted carbine Enjolras Chapter No. 04 powder keg Chapter Chapter 05 verses to Boluweier disappeared from Dayton S struggle to survive Chapter 06 followed by the dying struggle Chapter 07 Chapter Gavroche is able to compute the distance Taketo Street Volume XV Chapter No. 01 blotting paper, paper leak Chapter 02 Chapter hostile street gamin Chapter 03 Chapter when Co_set_te and Toussaint are the time of sleep Chapter 04 over the first excited Gavroche Part V Jean Valjean Volume four walls of the middle of the war Chapter 01 Insurance Chapter outskirts of San Antonio suburb of reefs and whirlpools Temple Chapter No. 02 in the abyss if you do not talk, they do it? Chapter 03 Chapter clarified and feelings of depression Chapter 04 less the first five, one more Chapter 05 on top of the first to see the situation in the barricade Chapter 06 Montgomery Eustace first frightened, Javert concise language Chapter No. 07 in serious condition Chapter 08 Artillery were the first to seriously up Chapter Chapter 09 poachers use the skills and a crack shot with a previous ruling of 1796 marksmanship Twilight Chapter 10 Chapter 11 gun-free virtual hair did not hurt Chapter 12 Support order of chaos Chapter 13, passing a ray of hope Chapter 14 Enjolras here to see the names of lovers Chapter 15 out Gavroche Chapter 16 How to become a father, brother Chapter 17, "the father of dead children waiting to die" ① Chapter 18 vultures as prey Chapter 19 Jean Valjean revenge Chapter 20 Rational dead, the living, had no Chapter 21 heroes Chapter 22 step by step Chapter 23 prisoners Leviathan's intestines II Chapter 01 Chapter ocean make the soil infertile Chapter Chapter 02 of the ancient yin channels Chapter 03 Chapter Bolv Na shuttle Chapter 04 who do not know the details of the Chapter S progress in the current Chapter 05 The future progress of the first Chapter 06 III into the mud, but their hearts are faithful Chapter 01 Chapter yin channels and it makes unexpected place that Chapter Description Chapter 02 Chapter 03 of the first people to be tracked Chapter 04 Chapter he carries his cross Chapter 05 sand as the first woman, cunning and treacherous Chapter 06 Chapter subsidence Chapter No. 07 landed in the human thought that can fail Shique Chapter 08 tear off the corner of the first skirt Chapter 09 Chapter insiders view appears to have died Marius Chapter 10 the children who died came back generously Chapter 11 is absolutely in the shake Chapter 12 grandfather Volume IV Javert out of the track Volume V Zusun Liang Chapter Chapter 01 to see a nail in the back of zinc skin of the tree Chapter 02 Chapter Marius out of the civil war, and families struggle to prepare Chapter No. 03 offensive Marius Chapter No. 04, Miss Gillenormand Fauchelevent finally no longer feel that came in what is wrong with something Chapter 05 Chapter prefer to cash in on the forest also This is far better than a notary public to Chapter 06 Chapter Two elderly do their best for the well-being to create all conditions for Co_set_te Chapter Chapter 07 seem to recall a dream of happiness in the aftermath of Chapter 08 can not find the first two people Volume sleepless nights Chapter 01 Chapter 16 February 1833 Chapter Chapter 02 of Jean Valjean's arm still in a sling Chapter 03 Chapter Nanbannanshe Chapter Chapter 04, "immortal liver" ① VII Finally, a bitter Section 01 of Chapter VII of the day and the eighth floor re-ring constellation days ① Chapter 02 disclosure of the first things may have doubts in When the evening waning VIII Chapter 01 Chapter basement Chapter 02 has back the first few steps Chapter 03 Chapter Bulv Mei Street, they recalled the garden Chapter 04 and put out the first suction Finally, the ninth volume of the dark, the dawn of the noble Chapter 01 sympathy for the unfortunate first, forgiveness happy people Chapter 02 did the first oil lamp Huiguangfanzhao Chapter 03 Chapter he can cut the wind lifted the carriage, but now even a pen is too heavy Chapter 04 instead of the first ink down innocent people become the Chapter 05 behind the first night dawn Chapter 06 Chapter grassland cover, rain washed
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Section describes
As the French novel Les Miserables was just like the Chinese people in terms of the Three Kingdoms as familiar with, so many ulterior motives have been adapted to _delete_ the time, important segments strung strip mining story, starting with Jean Valjean's parole comprehend, and finally the pursuit of hope bright, very moving. The following is the order according to the time to introduce this masterpiece: 1815 Flute Line (Digne) Coastal waters of Monterey 1823 (Montreuil-sur-mer) Eight years later, Jean Valjean did fulfill the oath that year, a thorough face-lift, not only renamed the MD Pro, and became the beloved Mayor of Monterey, Plant Manager, to charity known. Then, in his factory, a worker is suffering from Fantine miserable fortune, she was young because of momentary enthusiasm, pregnant with a girl, turned out negative heart Lang walk away, leaving the mother and child, to small Xiao Ke Dor_set_, and only one way out of her foster care; place for her daughter home after the Thenardier, Fantine rest assured that workers on the Paris to do, thoughts on Co_set_te and gave her endless power of the money earned by returning German home, only hope to live with her daughter off, where that German family said in the letter are false regarding the illness, all the money into the pockets of the German family and their Ai Panni mouth, and now they Fantine ask for money again receive such a letter, accidentally fall into the hands of my colleagues, everyone despised her off her joint foreman, sign documents without the knowledge of Jean Valjean, Fantine on this street. Fantine anxiety to think her daughter's drug money, sell items in the box and a necklace on the hair, the desperate predicament, she joined the ranks of the terminal area of prostitutes, trafficking in body and soul in pain, until the day she died rejected a rude guest, and he will have pulled, the newly appointed police chief just Javert arrival, regardless of indiscriminate to convict her of murder, witnessed this scene to stop the mayor of the words, let go of life Fantine Javert, and sent her to the hospital recuperating. When Javert want to argue with the mayor of duties, on the street there was a loose horse old man was suppressed, Jean Valjean immediately rushed forward from the top of the car, the exception of No. 24601 Javert effort brought back strong memories of criminals He has always been looking for 24,601 years without power, but doubt the mayor is clearly a cute and improper, which made him very confused, can not think the police do not know to go there caught the blacksmith an innocent conviction that Javert Mayor also to Jean Valjean himself wronged apologize Jean Valjean integrity can not tolerate their cowardly civilian grievances, then confessed his identity to the courts - prisoner 24601. Javert once wanted to arrest him, but Jean Valjean, Fantine's ill and heart, so he knocked Javert escape. The sick bed, Co_set_te, Fantine will be grateful to Jean Valjean, the future, he also made their promises, Fantine Co_set_te sad thoughts on life in the end, the body responsible for Jean Valjean immediate non-stop drive to the town Mengfo Mei said Fantine, to save her poor orphans. 1823 Mengfo Mei (Monfermei) 1832 Paris (Paris) After nine years in Paris, an atmosphere filled with turmoil, the capital city of the past already and hell are the same, the government only cares for the poor in general Lamarck (Lamarque) and dying, worrying the future of the people, social surging wave Revolution in the undertow. A group of small Jiafuluoqi prostitutes and beggars in urban areas the backbone, and even beggars Thenardiers also fell into the life of Jean Valjean once father and daughter is also trying to climb on, it is also to see Javert and Jean Valjean on the side, but Javert did not recognize at that time, after the discovery of very angry, swear again arrested Jean Valjean. This time, Ai Panni is young girls, she secretly likes the students Marley Eustace, Eustace, but Marley's mind has been entirely on the street and saw Co_set_te who has, reluctantly agreed to go to inquire of Co_set_te's Ai Panni news. Revolutionary youth, including Mali Eustace, often meeting in a cafe ABC, and their high ideals, plans, General Lamarck died in the outbreak of revolution in the day, everyone is excited for this day forward, into love Marley Eustace is particularly the lost, vulnerable, after all, in the turmoil of every tomorrow is hope, are also confused. On this day, soon come. Jiafuluoqi rushed into the store, said the general's death, young people took to the streets together, to seek public support. On Co_set_te and to slim the Acacia and bitter Marley Eustace, daughter of Jean Valjean can feel the changes gradually, but he still declined to disclose her life, not quite understanding this Co_set_te; the other hand, Marley Eustace suffering for love, Ai Panni not bear to have to take him to come to Co_set_te, the two finally aware that certain Zhong Qu, Yi Panni endure the sadness in the next, but also to prevent the looting of beggars, indeed, is a strong girl. At this point Jean Valjean and Javert consider the revolutionary threat of chaos, determined to leave Paris with Co_set_te, the couple separated for life and life to them, this is the eve of the revolution which is much less dull! Valentine's afraid of Farewell, crush those who lost hope of refugees seeking a safe, only to have the slightest pleasant, probably only like this waiting to pick up the dead Thenardier cheap as he. Revolutionary step by step progress of the work, the students began building fortifications, Yi Panni determined to accompany Mali Eustace in the end, it joined the young people work, Marley Eustace overjoyed to see her, sent her messenger to Co_set_te, but fall into the Father's hands, to her daughter's happiness, he wants to discourage participation Montgomery Eustace uprising, only to find comrades posing as Javert was Jiafuluoqi recognized, and bundled to the ground, he volunteered for food Javert, in fact deliberately let go of him. Revolution, the leader in the hail of bullets killed Enzuo La, Jiafuluoqi shot to death for the collection of ammunition, most of the expense of comrades and exhausted, fainting Mali Eustace also wounded, but fortunately there is a strong Jean Valjean saved him. In the sewer, has met Tom Jean Valjean and Javert is the first, he pleaded Javert to let him go, by moving his noble character, Javert to make way, but the insistence of his life is not easy to reverse, his heart was extremely torment, and finally unable to self, drowned himself. Marley Eustace recovered, he did not know who saved his life, had to take care of all thanks to Co_set_te, Jean Valjean, his past Marley Eustace honest and said that in order not to prejudice their future, he prefer to live alone die. At the wedding, Thenardiers has led to a scandal that they consider themselves the news: Jean Valjean had stolen the corpse in the sewer. And remove a gold ring, Mali Eustace is immediately recognized him, and then learned that his father has always been misunderstood is the mysterious savior, the couple arrived at Jean Valjean, the only pair of silver candlesticks to accompany He, in the dim light of two young people learn about their own life experience. Old man finally gone, his soul and Fantine, Yi Panni, and all those who died in the revolution together, sheltered with a pair of lovers, Looking brighter tomorrow.
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Biography
Jean Valjean (Jean Valjean) nephew for stealing a loaf of bread Relief prisoners imprisoned nineteen years, had only been sentenced to five years, but he did not trust the law, often resulting in crime and aggravated escape, his stubborn personality might fear that Inspector Javert, his abhorrence of his superior strength also impressed on his Javert, the two then formed the edge of life, chasing each other. Inspired by the priest after his parole up, renamed as the mayor, and his compassion to help women raise her daughter Co_set_te, Fantine, and delivered her daughter's lover - the revolutionary youth Marley Eustace, after her daughter had a good home, with Atonement Love left the earth. Fantine (Fantine) Jean Valjean, a factory worker, she has ups and downs of the youth segment, in the pregnant after her boyfriend's flesh and blood but was abandonment, to her daughter's life, her heart had Renxia Mengfo Mei foster care in a bit tavern owner's home, he had come to Paris to make a living and regularly send money back, but because of her illegitimate daughter by colleagues discovered something was out of the factory, forced to sell jewelry, long hair, even body and soul, but fortunately met Ran Agen, entrusted the future of her daughter before the passing of peace of mind. Co_set_te (Co_set_te) poor Fantine's daughter, although the mother had entrusted to beg like a pub, but did not enjoy the carefree life of childhood day, but was as a maid in general, all day long to leave the chores, the mother she saved Almost all the money to the boss's daughter pub culture. But her mother is hardy far fewer than the day, Jean Valjean out of her as her own, so she can forget the childhood memories, and later she and her young Marley Eustace love, lovers get married. Javert (Javert) uphold justice, and also the persistence of justice, he believes compassion is rooted criminals, in particular, such people as Jean Valjean. So his promise to be recaptured a lifetime in prison, but found that the nature of how good Jean Valjean, which is a hold on the detectives of human nature is evil, it is a very cruel thing, so he put in the sewer Jean Valjean, Marius, after carrying away, unable to face its own conviction upheld for many years, choose jumping into a river full of martyrdom for a way means the end of his life. Thenardiers (Thenardier) town of Meng Fomei tavern owner, typically the middle and lower class people, greedy, selfish, mean, the idea is very funny personality, the couple can be described as perfect for each other, mutual ridicule, to the same Co_set_te oppressed, spoiled his daughter Yi Panni consistent, and later became Gai is very Mr. Thenardier, who died in the Volunteer body behind the loot valuables, the last two are still really showy Co_set_te's wedding for a while, What has not changed its nature. Yi Panni (Eponine) Ronny's daughter, much loved young age, it is very looked down upon Co_set_te, but perhaps the reason of education, she more than their parents have a conscience, though not in love with Marius crush her, and she still is willing to ask him the news of Co_set_te, as he sent a love letter, but also for him to rise or fall and ran back to the theater, was shot in Ma Lv Sihuai interrupted gas, could perhaps be considered a sin for her parents it . Marius (Marius) standard nineteenth-century revolutionary youth, the ideal idealistic, full of the innocent Co_set_te, wounded in the uprising collapsed and was rescued by Jean Valjean, although most of sacrifice is infinitely sad companions, but in the end to do so Qude Co_set_te is one thing, good thing. En Zuola (Enjolras) revolutionary youth leader, handsome, heroic in the instigation of the revolt in the death. Jiafuluoqi (Gavroche) precocious child under the revolutionary era, smart and assertive, is nosy. Bishop Myriel (Bishop Myriel) Flute Line area bishop, Jean Valjean is released from prison after only willing to accept him, to love and tolerance suddenly moved Jean Valjean, and it has changed his life.
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Artists Comments
Compassionate heart of the show - Les Miserables Xuejie Wei is the law and custom as long as the result of social oppression still exist, periods of prosperity in a civilized world because of human factors to hell, and to the happiness of human beings are born evil being unavoidable , as long as - the man down and out of poverty, hunger, make a woman fall, the dark so that weak children - these three issues have not yet been resolved; as long as possible in some areas of social poison, in other words, as long as this world there are ignorance and misery, So, this works like the book, maybe not is of no use it! - Victor Hugo • January 1, 1862 at Villa Ottaway This is Hugo in "Les Miserables," a book written in the preface. ‧ great French writer Victor Hugo (Victor Hugo) February 26, 1802 was born in France, Besancon (Paris, but he thought his "soul of the place of birth"), the father was under the command of Napoleon general. From an early age in his travel around the youth, he is quite solid literary foundation for all kinds of knowledge are widely absorbed very early made up his mind to become a writer. His two-year-old girl with childhood Ad e Foucher married the same year published his first book of poems, "Ode to _set_" (Odes et po ies diverses), began his career as a writer. 1831, twenty-year-old Hugo published "Notre Dame de Paris (also translated: Hunchback of Notre Dame)" (Nortre Dame de Paris), the novel vividly depicts the 1482 social conditions in France also raised the level of human nature serious and profound questions. His next novel of a world-famous masterpiece, is spent fourteen years, with completion in 1861, which is now being adapted for musical theater, popular music around the world millions of people - "Les Miserables" (Les Miserables .) Successful adaptation of "Les Miserables" is a voluminous novel, was published the year one thousand two hundred thick, while the clock according to the local vision of the text of the translation of Publishing, is a total of 2119 thick five hundred two hundred thousand words, so that a space-time background of the novel spans two decades, to the change was over more than three hours of music to play, really easy, but Claude-Michel Schberg and Alain Boublil they have done. This is the second cooperation be two musicals, in 1973 they had launched in Paris, "French Revolution," a drama, the result has been quite successful, in 1980 they re-launch of "Les Miserables", resulting in greater sensation. London producer Cameron Mackintosh musical that the play would be very promising, so you have Kretzmer, Fenton and two co-author, adapted into English in London and on Broadway. October 8, 1985, "Les Miserables" in London's Barbican Centre in the English version of the world premiere, after the release of highly recommended by critics, get a great response from the audience, and subsequently staged around the world, so far peak is still at the box office. In addition, the "sad" drama also won the favor of critics, won eight "Tony Award" arguably is the box office and applauded.
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On "Les Miserables" version
"Les Miserables" in Taiwan can be found in several audio versions. Version of the English pronunciation of at least three, of course, first introduced the most complete Universal version (3CDs), this version is a collection of concerts from around the world, "Les Miserables," the fighter sixty-five member of the British Philharmonic Orchestra , seven more than ten members of the chorus, in London, Sydney, Nashville, Los Angeles and other places were recorded, and then mastering made. Interpretation of record producer Cameron Mackintosh and David Caddick details the idea of recording this record and process very interesting. I just highlight one point, this record sing Eponine in the corner decorated with Japanese singer Kaho Shimada barely speak English, to record this role even had to ask the translator to communicate with her, but her record in the English pronunciation in the pronunciation, voice expression, emotional interpretations are extremely good, very appreciative! Other characters are also a moment of choice, the performance is outstanding. Two pieces of equipment were in London (Original London Cast Recording) and Broadway (Original Broadway Cast Recording) in two versions, these two main characters Jean Valjean album of music by the famous actor Colm Wilkinson singing, Eponine is the same person, other the singing angle are different, but was generally nearly tied, not much difference; but the London version of the lyrics in each thread between the story explained, at this point is slightly better than the Broadway version of the. In addition to the three versions, the market can also find a _select_ion version, this "Highlights from Les Miserableses" is published by the Woodford Music Company, a collection from "Les Miserables," the seventh section of music; CD In addition to being outside the track name and artist name, there is no other explanation, only a simple accompaniment of synthesizer instruments, listening to poor and weak and the lack of melodic, the chorus sang the part of the obvious can hear only a few people up the scene. So unless you're on this musical Qingyouduzhong, or three in front of "Les Miserables" sufficient to meet the needs of ordinary people. Note A: In this "ABC" is actually French Abaisse homonyms, and Abaisse which in French means "humiliation"
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Saying
1, the world's most wide is the ocean, wider than the ocean is the sky, wider than the sky is the human mind. 2, the future will belong to two kinds of people: those who thought and labor, in fact, two kinds of people is a people, because the thought is labor. 3, the revolution in the absolutely right absolutely right on top there is a humanitarian. 4, the wisdom of the master with three keys, a key to open figures, an open letter, an open note. Knowledge, ideas, dreams, one of them. 5, the world is lacking is the will, rather than strength. 6, the bold is the cost of progress. 7, should believe that he is living strong. 8, on the thorny road of art, which is good, ordinary people are daunting, and only the strong will of the people exception. 9, who wasted years, youth will fade, life will abandon them. 10, laugh as the sun that drives winter face. 11, reluctantly refused to answer as honestly. 12, the release of Infinite Light is the people, create boundless darkness is the people. 13, the book is a tool for bringing the soul. 14, who, with the material to survive; people, with our ideals we talk about life. 15, the pace can not reach, vision can be reached; eyes can not reach places, the spirit can fly. 16, more than a school can reduce the construction of a prison. 17, life is faced with a smile. 18, one of the two ears, one to hear the voice of God, one heard the voice of the devil. 19, I would rather rely on their own strength to open my future, rather than those who favor a strong demand. 20, the first hunger is human ignorance.
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Extract
Row of open-top shop, we recall, has been extended from the chapel in front of the inn to the Thenardier. Because the rich will soon be passed by midnight Mass, which brought to participate, so those stores are lit candle on the outside are also cover with funnel-shaped paper, when a primary school teacher Meng Fei Mei is Dana the first store to drink, he said that the candlelight quite "charm," while the sky but could not see a star. Finally, just in front of a stall door Thenardier, it was a toy shop, filled with dazzling gold and silver crystal jewelry, glassware, tin toys. The merchant in the first row of the front, in a large white towel before the display was a large doll, to two feet high, wearing a pink crepe gowns, head around the Jinsui Zi, with real hair and enamel eyes. This is where the treasures on display all day, passers-year-old met the following is not no love, but in Bangladesh there is no fee Mei a mother has so much money, or that have the kind of wasteful habits, willing to buy given to children. Ai Panni and E Zima pay tribute to a couple of hours there, as Co_set_te, indeed, willing only to secretly look twelve. Co_set_te took the bucket out, although she is so depressed, so depressed, still can not help but raise your eyes to look that remarkable doll, hope that the "empress", according to her claim. That poor child stand there dumbfounded. She had not seen that baby to come near. That the whole store for her as a palace, it is not baby doll, but an illusion. The poor lady, has been deeply tragic sinking in that the poor living in the cold, and now she saw in her imagination, natural together as joy, glory, glory, happiness appeared. Co_set_te with her the wisdom of the day to estimate the true sorrow that road runs through the doll between her and the abyss. She said to herself, only the queen, or at least have to be a princess, so as to get "things." She looked him up and that pieces of beautiful pink red robe, smooth hair, she was thinking: "This doll, oh how happy she was that!" Her eyes from the bright lights of the house can not shop. She ever more blurred. She thought to see heaven. Doll in the back of that big, there are many small doll, and she thought it must be a number of fairy Fairchild. She felt walking around in that stall that hysterical bit like Eternal Father businessman. In that admire them, she forgot everything, even called her to do other people have forgotten. Suddenly look, sound brutal aunt Thenardier pulled her back to reality: "how, idiot, you do not go! Waiting for it! I come with you afterwards! I want to ask, she was doing there! little monster, go! "Thenardier aunt looked into the street to saw Co_set_te is trance. Co_set_te hastily buckets, open steps away. (Part II III IV)
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小说英文阅读
Good sentence in Les Miserables
Lark blindly vicious, can not be developed. Condition that the inn is not good. Fortunately, there is that woman off the fifty-seven francs, Thenardier had from Guanting of accountability, he also maintained a credit promissory note. He is still short of money next month, the woman put the clothes accessories Co_set_te to Paris, to store charge when sixty francs. That sum exhausted gone, Thenardiers immediately that they take the child to others in the relief, so that the child was in his home remedies are often subject to treatment. Her clothes were typical of light later, they sent for her little girl to wear the old dress Thenardier family and old shirt, that is, broken, and broken shirt dress. They eat all the things left for her to eat, she eats better than dogs, worse than the cat, and her cats and dogs often those with the meal; Co_set_te with a tub, and the cats and dogs the same basin, and the cats and dogs under the table to eat together. Her mother lived down in M. sur M., in future we will be talking about, her monthly letter, it should be said that she asked people to write to inquire monthly news of her child. Thenardiers invariably replied: "Kesaitean good exception." Filled the first six months after the first seven months of her mother sent seven francs, and the month are sent on time, a considerable time . Less than one year, Thenardier man then said: "She gave us little face! She wanted us to take her seven francs doing this?" He wrote to force twelve francs. They said the mother to her child happy peace, the mother intended to accommodate music, photos sent twelve francs. Some people can not only love and not hate the other side of the face. Thenardier Old Woman loves her own two daughters, and therefore hate the alien child. A mother's love have its ugly side, people really wanted to come down. Co_set_te in her home even though only a little place, she still felt she took away the enjoyment of her family, as if the child put her two small daughters breathe the same air also reduced. Woman, and many of the same type woman with her, like every day a certain number of caress and a number of beatings to vent. If she did not Co_set_te, her two daughters, though all sorts of favors, must have suffered her to be beaten, or the. But that girl did outside of their substitute, on behalf of the maltreatment suffered. Only her own two daughters to endure her caress. Co_set_te's every move will be a burst of hail-like assault, Xiongheng unreasonable to the extreme. A soft, succulent, but also do not know about life and what is the child of God, but no time with impunity, abuse, torture, beatings, the two have looked at the girl like her to enjoy their childhood to happy! Thenardier Old Woman only cruel, it is also cruel Ai Panni and E Zima. Children, in that young age is always the mother's second edition. Versions differ only in size. After a year, another year. That the village said: "Thenardier a whole family of man. They are not wealthy, are still raising families lost their home in a poor child!" We all agree that Co_set_te has been forgotten by her mother. Also, I do not know what that guy Thenardier tip is roughly in the snooping to that child born out of wedlock, the mother admitted the inconvenience, and he struck hard Fifteen per month, said that the "beast" grow up, "to eat" and to return the children to ransom. "She dare not listen to my words!" He exclaimed, "I hide the truth no matter who hide from her person, the child is returned to her. Non plus my money can not." According to send five francs the mother. Year after year, the children grew up, her suffering has increased. Co_set_te in very hour, has two children that suffer on behalf of a substitute; when she grew up just a little body, that is not even five years old to when she became the family's servant. Years old, may say that it is not necessarily true. Alas! True. The beginning of human society is not limited to years of painful teeth. Recently, we have not seen Mrs Merah case, an orphan, when the bandits, according to Guanting the document said that since he was five, he was alone in the world, "workmanship make ends meet, engage in theft," it? They called Co_set_te do chores, clean the house, yard, street, washing cups Panwan light, or even carrying heavy things. Her mother has always lived in M. sur M., Thenardiers send money to see her not once did the recent time, there will be more that there is reason to treat a child like that. Not send money to a few months. If the mother at the end of the third year that came to Meng Fei Mei, she will not know her child. Co_set_te, when she went to a time when it is so beautiful, so red, now yellow and thin. She moves, do not know why so timid. Thenardiers old said she was "furtive"! Uneven treatment of manic her life of hard to make her ugly. She only has to keep a pair of beautiful eyes, makes particularly uncomfortable met because her eyes are so big, and looked as if there's sadness too much extra. Winter, less than six years to see the poor children in rags, shiver in the cold in, still dark, and he took a big broom in her hand and squeezed it to clean red streets, tear hanging at the edge of her large eyes, no better Jiaoren sad. There, we called her lark. The little birds better than the original large number of little girls, and always trembling, everything made her panic, trembling, and every morning in which a village was always the first wake up, not dawn, already to the street or fields, the general who would love to use metaphors for her to take the name. But only lark never sang. Bishop Street, walk through the hospital when the driver had seen a man fell on his knees in the street outside the door the bishop, as if to pray in the dark.
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Movies
Title: Les Miserables Chinese title: Les Miserables Production Company: Film Studio made the former East Germany and Germany, Paris, France EMI studios, Italy 罗马塞雷纳 Pictures Produced Year: 1958 guide More Chinese Title: Les Miserables More Foreign Title: Misérables, Les Elenden, Die .....( East Germany) Miserabili, I. ....( Italy) Miserablen, Die .....( East Germany) Directed by: Jean - Paul Luolisainuo Jean-Paul Le Chanois Screenplay: Michel Audiard René Barjavel Victor Hugo Victor Hugo .... novel Jean - Paul Luolisainuo Jean-Paul Le Chanois Starring: Let Gabin Jean Gabin .... Jean Valjean / Champmathieu Bernard Blier .... Javert (père et fils) Danièle Delorme .... Fantine Genre: Drama Length: France: 210 min / Spain: 217 min Country / Region: East Germany / Italy / France Dialogue Language: French Color: Color Format: 35 mm wide-screen film deformation Mix: Mono Level: Sweden: 15 / Finland: K-12 / West Germany: 12 Shooting Date: 1957 4 1st - October 25, 1957 Filming format: 35 mm Printing photos format: 35 mm
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Animation
Les Miserables girl Ke Saite "Les Miserables - Girls Ke _Set_e" At 19:30 on January 7th, 2006 if all 52 Official website: http://www.nippon-animation.co.jp/lesmise/ http://www.sjhdm.com/bbs "レ ミ ラ ブ ゼ Hikaru" is French for "Les Miserables", yes, this is all well known to the world of animation masterpiece, "Les Miserables." Although the movie official website just opened, but this movie is subtitled "girl Ke Saite" we can deduce that the protagonist of this movie is original in the prostitute Fantine's illegitimate daughter - unfortunately Ke Saite. Jade was previously broadcast on Saturday. /
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On "Les Miserables"
Nineteenth-century Paris, poor Jean Valjean stealing bread to starving children, the result was a judge sentenced eat all day long 19 years of hard labor. After his release, desperate Jean Valjean was kind Myriel Bishop shelter overnight, but stole the bishop's silverware fled, after the police Zhuohui. Bishop claimed that silver is given to him, so that Jean Valjean from arrest. Bishop of probation the words and deeds of Jean Valjean, his pseudonym Madeleine, from new start in life to make progress, ten years later became a successful businessman and became mayor. At this time, before Javert tracking down over his sergeant appears bent on looking for his trouble. In the meantime, Jean Valjean was informed of the tragic prostitute Fantine and promised to take care of her illegitimate daughter Ke Saite. Eight years later, a quiet life again been a turmoil - Ke Saite young republicans love Marley Eustace, a vigorous popular uprising broke out in Paris, no 赖德纳迪埃 and Jean Valjean and territories, and for many years been give up the pursuit of Jean Valjean Jean Valjean Sergeant Javert appeared in front of ... ... "Les Miserables" is the great French writer Victor Hugo's masterpiece. Since its inception in 1862, has been a hot film adaptation of workers. It has 19 times been a film was made into a TV 4. As early as 1912, by Victor Hugo I agree, it will feature films by the EMI made into a 4-stage, when the historian has been called "the most successful works of art film." 4 times United States has put the novel into a movie, and even Egypt also filmed "Les Miserables." In 1958, the first color feature film "Les Miserables" and the audience, in France at that time some of the big stars have attended the show. "Les Miserables" is considered the film and television adaptation of "eternal theme." On the translation of plant, Jian-Hua Ding, Tong Zirong, yet China, Qiu Yuefeng dubbing. This "Les Miserables" is a masterpiece of Victor Hugo, you can definitely moved to tears.
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Les Miserables book review
In the book, after his release the identity of Jean Valjean burdened with prisoners, suffering from the discrimination of others. Social injustice and exclusion, erase a little bit of hope for his new life, to turn over the confidence of goodness. Mercy of the bishop is out of generosity and selfless helping hand to host a desperate Jean Valjean. He not only do not care about Jean Valjean to steal his silver utensils, but the pair of silver candlesticks given to him and told said: "I must get the money promised to use the good. To sell the silver, How are you getting yourself with some of the money. " I started deep came to realize that, originally, at the time that the ruthless capitalist society, it has a such a world exists outside the saints, and kindness is deeply Bishop of probation a large Jean Valjean, he rekindled Rana let the hearts of hope that quickly extinguished the fire, so that he thoroughly repentant, start a new life. Therefore, the fate of Jean Valjean was not always so tragic, tragic is that time of the entire world view is because of people like the bishop, the whole world have a savior, the whole world is possible in the aquatic hot hard to find their way into. Under the Bishop of probation, Jean Valjean became helpful, courageous and loved by the people, transformed into a respected mayor. All this has to change so I am both gratified. From prisoners to the mayor, is simply worlds apart, this is a huge change in human nature. Face down and out, inconstancy of human relationships, there will be two kinds of people: the first is the humble poor people. They are ugly, selfish, greedy nature can no longer be hidden. As the book of Thenardier, who for money at all, one would claim to be an actor, while he is a painter, he then could not conceal his clever in any event the fact that the ugly nature. Another is that no matter under what circumstances can forever preserve a bright, kind, generous person with noble sentiments. Leather face washing after a new Jean Valjean becomes large, and kind. It is the heart of compassion probation with a cruel, stubborn, blindly pursuing his sergeant was Javert. In fact, in today's society there are plenty of unscrupulous for immediate scumbag. With the terms of bribery and corruption, as some were; a major event in order to get good grades and those who take stimulants; there is little to cheating the people ... ... Authors would like to tell us is: do a real self, any deliberate camouflage will be seen through the hypocrisy in the face of the facts only the leather out. Once again, I was struck by the enormous power of human nature. We would like to bishops around a little more like the angel of light, may they, like the angelic purity of heart always be there for people to share the hearts of compassion and hope more people can join to helping others, courageous in the ranks . Social needs of such people, the world needs such people. Only then can we create our lives, to create a good, harmonious, brighter world.
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Actors List
Starring: Charles Dullin Jean d'Yd Henry Krauss Actors involved: 波利娜卡尔 East Albert Broquin Eugène Stuber Charles Vanel Jeanne Lory Émile Genevois Gabrielle Fontan Pierre Larquey Lucien Blondeau Guy Favières Paul Azaïs Lucien Nat Jean Servais Roger Vincent Harry Baur Max Dearly Georges Mauloy Orane Demazis Florelle Josseline Gaël Marguerite Moreno Gaby Triquet Roland Armontel Charlotte Barbier-Krauss Belleville Pierre Berlioz Cailloux Edmond Castel Delaunay Pierre Delbel Ginette d'Yd Jacqueline Fermez Pierre Ferval Andrée Forine Jo_set_te France Anthony Gildès Louis Kerly La Houppa Yvonne Mea Denise Mellot Marthe Mellot Montignac Irma Perrot Pierre Piérade Gilberte Savary Jean-Marie de l'Isle Maurice Schutz Robert Vidalin Director: Raymond Bernard Producer: Raymond Borderie Screenplay: André Lang Raymond Bernard Victor Hugo Stage version Performed in the musical history of this time, second only to "Cats" the enduring masterpiece, called the king of Broadway glory. A total of 6612 games played, staged this time in the history behind the musical "Cats" shine a Broadway musical masterpiece 16 years of glory, in the May 18, 2003 farewell to the heart of the drama are to end their brilliant Broadway career. The birth of more than a century, "Les Miserables" is interpreted as a variety show version, but has not yet been boarded an opera stage. The great composer Giacomo Puccini tried to adapt, the end result is too complex to give up its suspected. And Chinese viewers are most familiar with "Les Miserables", than by the France, Germany, and Italy co-produced the film version of the film's protagonist is with Alain Delon, Paul Belmondo, etc., and known as the "shadow Four male altar, "the late French movie star Reno; Ventura. Speaking of the musical "Les Miserables," the initiator - Frenchman Michel Schonberg and Alain Bao Boli, have a musical fanatic fans. In 1971, two in New York to watch the Weber's musical "Jesus Christ Superstar", which sprout an epic style of creative musical ideas. Two from Weber's classical musical "Jesus Christ Superstar" and "Yi Weita" learned a lot of inspiration to make it both a magnificent epic, but also no shortage of the essence of popular culture. In 1978, Bao Boli and Schoenberg in Paris, "miraculously" to complete this ambitious project. The fall of 1980, two-hour musical "Les Miserables" premiered in Paris stadium. Incredibly, it was hard even _insert_ed in between the ring and the circus, and the sixteenth week after the staged forced to end. Apart from lamenting, once the "cat" successful packaging of the famous British musical stage show producer Mackintosh found Baobo Li and Schoenberg, determined to make "Les Miserables" move "the world capital of dance" - Broadway. Three hit it off, 6 years later, re-packaged "Les Miserables" _set_tled down Broadway, and officially _set_ foot on the international stage. The charm is still played 16 years with Broadway history, in June 2000 ended the "cat" has been staged for 18 consecutive years, the direct audience of 1,000 people. And "Les Miserables" farewell stage, the estimated 900 million people will have personally experienced, directly at the box office up to 4 million U.S. dollars. 16 years, "Les Miserables" in Britain, Canada, Australia, etc., on tour more than 20 countries and has won more than 50 major awards (including 8 of 1987 Tony Awards, two Grameen America Award.) 2002 年 22 June to 7 July, the musical "Les Miserables," premieres in China, the Shanghai Grand Theater also caused a great sensation. With the "cat", "Miss Saigon" and "Les Miserables" have the curtain call, gorgeous exquisite Broadway musicals will be only "Phantom of the Opera" thriving and continue to write the third longest in the history of the New York opera performance record. Thus, many commentators have emotion of "Les Miserables" ended called the "end of an era."
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