People's attitudes and behavior of the reality in a more stable psychological characteristics of personality. The core of the personality, the best performance of individual differences. With complex structures, in general, including (1) the attitude of reality and their own characteristics, such as honesty or false, such as humility or pride. (2) will feature, such as courage or cowardice, decisive or indecisive so. (3) emotional characteristics, such as warm or cold, bright or depression. (4) characteristics of emotional sense. Such as quick-witted, deep, logical thinking and strong or slow, shallow, illogical and so on.
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No. 2
Character of his kind
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No. 3
Sour personality
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少年性格
Juvenile character. - Qing Liang "Collection Ice Bar Collection"
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Nature character
Temperament character. In attitudes and behavior that shown on the psychological characteristics. Tang Li, "Xian Zhang theft by finding" Poetry: "Official information clearing your recent Tajii, character aloof world are rare." Ming Zhi "Reading Law of skin, said": "it is character clear by tone of natural Xuan Chang, sexual Ge Shu Xu who pitch natural thinning slowly. "Business Strategy," On the Yuan Dynasty Yuan Dynasty's characterization ":" so much emphasis on conflict is to create distinctive prominence of the personality, to reflect the nature of life. "
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犹脾气
Still temper. Yuan Bai Pu "wall sign" Second off: "not swallow than Qinlou nobile night off, it's Dan Zhao interest to your little character, and Ning Nai."
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Defined character
Character is the manifestation of reality in people's attitudes and behavior of the corresponding relatively stable individual psychological characteristics of a core meaning. Character (character) is most closely related to a personality trait society, personality contains many social and moral implications. The performance of the character and attitudes of the real world around them, and the performance of his behavior. The main character is reflected in the attitude towards themselves, others, and the words and deeds of things taken. The so-called attitude, a sense of community, for themselves and for others a psychological tendency, which includes the evaluation of things, likes and dislikes, and other aspects averse individuals. Attitude reflected in the way people's behavior. The performance of a person's moral character, influence people's values and outlook on life, world outlook by. These personality differences have implications for moral evaluation, which we call personality differences. Character is acquired gradually formed in the social environment is the core of the human personality differences. There are good and bad character can most directly reflects a person's moral character. Character is gradually formed in social life, but also affected by biological factors of the individual The nature and character of the differences: Acquired character is formed, for example, a shy personality, irascible character, resolute character and indecisive character and so on. Human nature is inherently possess, immutable way of thinking. Innate nature is formed, for example, pride, vanity, pride and so on. Human nature includes survival nature, lazy nature and nature is not satisfied.
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"Character" describes
Character: The people, on the matter of attitude and behavior demonstrated by the psychological characteristics; such as: brave, strong, cowardly, brutal and so on. Personality type description - Six Categories Reality-based Realistic type of people like the outdoors, mechanical, and sports activity or occupation. Like the "thing" does not like to deal with the "people" deal, like manufacturing, repairing things. Like operating equipment and machinery, like to see something tangible. Perseverance, diligence, lack of creativity and originality. Like to use the familiar ways of doing things and to establish a fixed pattern, tend to consider the issue absolutely. Like ambiguous, do not like abstract theories and philosophical speculation. Is a traditional, conservative person, lack of good interpersonal and verbal communication skills. When it becomes the center of attention when people will feel uncomfortable, not good at expressing their emotions. Others think he is quite shy shy, but most are adhering to the realism with realistic life and work style. Exploratory Explore the type of people curious, inquisitive questions. Must understand, explain and predict things happening around. Passion for scientific exploration. For non-science, too simple or supernatural explanations, and more on the negative and critical attitude. For those who prefer to do be able to concentrate, concentrate. Independent and like to do things alone. Do not like managing people do not like to be regulated, like from the perspective of theoretical and speculative issues. Like to solve abstract, vague questions, creative, often fresh ideas, often difficult to accept traditional values. Escape the kind of highly structured environment of strong bondage. Deal with things step by step, precise and methodical, very confident about their intelligence. In social situations often feel embarrassment, lack of leadership and persuasion skills. In interpersonal relationships stiff, rigid. Not very good at expressing emotions, may give the feeling of not very friendly, exploratory should pay more attention to their own development and innovation. Artistic Artistic and creative people, good expression, principles, naive, personality. Like to be different and try to be a man of great transcendence. Do not like engaging in heavy physical activity, do not like the highly standardized and procedural tasks. Like performance art work things through, to express themselves, hoping to get everyone's attention and appreciation, very sensitive to criticism. In dress, demeanor on the inclined unrestrained, do not follow tradition. Like in the case of unsupervised work, doing things more impulsive. Attaches great importance to the United States and aesthetic taste, more emotional and complex thinking. Like abstract work and unstructured environments. Seeking acceptance and praise of others, feel intimate relationships and avoid pressure. Mainly indirect through art exchanges with others to make sense of alienation, often self-reflection, thought unrestrained, unrestrained, has a strong divergent thinking. Community-based Social type of person friendly, enthusiastic, outgoing, and cooperation. Like with the crowd. Insight into other people's feelings and problems. Like to play the role of helping others, such as teachers, consultants. Like to express yourself and persuasive in the crowd, like when the spotlight and be happy in the community center location. For live and get along with people very sensitive, idealistic and caution. Like philosophical questions, such as life, religious and ethical issues. Do not like working with machines or information relating to, or structured, repetitive work. Get along with others and to express emotions naturally, sleek dealing with people, to others with kindness, helpfulness impression, if we can get the national recognition will have a significant contribution to society. Managed Manage outgoing type of person, introspective, persuasive, optimistic. Activities like to have courage, the courage to take risks. Domineering, interested in management and leadership. Usually prefer the pursuit of power, wealth, status. Well-spoken, always strive to make others to accept their point of view, has persuaded people to deploy. Others think popular welcome, the lack of patience engaged in delicate work. Not like those who need long-term work of intellectual activity, who managed a clear mind, quick thinking. Reliable life and social protection. Conventional Conventional type of person to do things stiff, stubborn, down to earth, likes to do copying, computing adherence to a fixed program activities, is a reliable, efficient and conscientious person. Dependent groups and organizations have a sense of security and strive to become better members working in large organizations engaged in general felt satisfied, do not seek leadership positions. Know when the do, will feel very comfortable. Accustomed to make their own judgments and decisions about things, and therefore do not like ambiguous instructions, hoping in the end to know precisely what to do with themselves, can be clearly defined for the task well done. Tend to be conservative and to follow tradition, accustomed to obey superior orders. Like a pleasant indoor environment work, attention to material comforts and possessions. Have self-control and moderation to express their feelings, avoid stressful interpersonal relationships, like the natural relationships. In the familiar crowd will ease. There are plans to do things like, do not like to break the convention, do not like engaging in heavy physical labor, this type is basically in accordance with the laws of society life. Holland America career guidance experts believe that each person is different combinations of these six types, but different dominant type. And every kind of professional work environment but also by the six different working conditions, of which there is a dominant position. A person's career success, stability, whether roses, depends largely on the adaptation of their personality types and working conditions between.
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Phonetic
Character (personality), called the old personality has always been defined as individual thoughts, emotions, behavior and attitudes of the general term, it is a psychology, then personality disorder (Personality Disorders), old called personality disorders, but it has always been for the Psychiatry monopoly in psychology, personality has been resolved neuropathic (neuroticism), extraversion (extroversion), the intentions of (conscientiousness), agreed to sex (agreebleness), and openness (openness) and other five dimensions (Watson , D. etal., 1994). American Psychiatric Association also its "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV)" (APA, 1994), the column will be divided into paranoid personality disorder (paranoid), disruptive (schizoid), schizotypal (schizotypal), play offer (histrionic), narcissism (narcissistic), antisocial (a-ntisocial), edge (borderline ), avoidance (avoidant), dependent (dependent), and forced (obsessive-compulsive) and other ten categories, and another ran out of dark play (passive-aggr-essive) a class in appendix (Lin Tiande, 1995). The former is a statistical classification, which is a clinical classification. What is the association between the two, so far, is still unknown. To solve the above problem, the classification must be the first clinical statistical processing. Psychiatry is defined personality disorder symptoms, say, seven of the symptoms of paranoid personality, as long as the individual has one of the four, you may be suffering from the disease. These symptoms were then so inform the rope system is to add together the first objective of this study. Above these personality disorders in the past has been divided into three categories: The first category is delusional, divisive, and split type, etc. Three personality disorder, its symptoms outlandish; second category is antisocial, edge, acting, and narcissistic and other four, its symptoms theatrical; third category is escape, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, and ran out to play the four dark item, with its deep anxiety symptoms. However, whether it can stand the test of clinical classification of empirical research, is open to question. Thus, the second objective of this study was to identify the factors in the framework of these personality disorders. Standing people off training method (Lin Tiande, 1990) standpoint personality disorder, acting, forced, paranoia, narcissism, and antisocial personality disorder, such as love can be said to be "hit", which is captured in interpersonal joy to others space; while escape, dependence, divisive personality disorder, and schizotypal etc. Love "run" them on social interaction, atrophy not before. Edge personality disorder who mess "fight" chaos "run," Ming ran dark personality disorder who played as name suggests. "Play" and "run" were associated with "said" contrary to, are not people off skills. So I shut skills stronger hypothesis people who do not suffer more personality disorder, the third objective of this study in testing this hypothesis. Character structure and characteristics An attitude characterized by personality Attitudes character refers to individual attitudes manifested in all aspects of real life in general features. 2, sensible personality characteristics Rational character refers to the individual characteristics manifested in the psychological characteristics of cognitive activities. In terms of perception, in accordance with a definite purpose tasks actively observe, are active observational, and some obviously affected by environmental stimuli, a passive observational; others tend to the details of observed objects, belonging to the analytical, some tend to observe the object as a whole and contours are integrated; others tend to quickly perceive, are fast-aware, and some tend to accurately perceive, are precisely aware. Imagine aspects, with active and passive imagination to imagine the points; has extensive imagination and the imagination of the narrow points. In terms of memory, there are active and passive points; has good memories and good grading abstract image of Memories. In terms of thinking, there are active and passive points; independent thinking and dependent on others points; has a deep and superficial of grading. 3, character emotional characteristics Emotional characteristics of character refers to the individual psychological characteristics in terms of emotional expression. In terms of emotional intensity, and some strong emotions and difficult to control; others emotions weak and easy to control. In terms of emotional stability, some mood swings is big, big mood changes; someone is emotionally stable, calm. In terms of lasting emotional, some people emotions long duration, impact on work and study; Some people are emotional short duration, a small impact on the work of learning. In terms of the dominant state of mind, some people often full of emotion, in a pleasant emotional state; Some people are often unhappy. 4, will feature character Will feature character refers to the individual in the regulation of their own mental activity exhibited psychological characteristics. Consciousness, firmness, decisiveness, self-control are the main features of the will. Consciousness refers to the action before there is a clear purpose, pre-determined action steps, methods, and overcome the difficulties in the course of action consistently implemented. In contrast blindly or autocratic. Firmness means to take certain methods to overcome difficulties in order to achieve their goals. With firmness contrary stubborn and shaken, the former does not take effective way blindly go its own way; latter is easily changed or abandoned their plans. Decisiveness refers to discern between good in complex situations, make the right decisions quickly. In contrast with the decisiveness is indecisive or arbitrary, bold. Good self-control means to control their behavior and emotions. In contrast with the self-control is capricious. A method Sample Samples taken from the 1995 National Chengchi University, Taipei Teachers College teaching and research by the Department of Early Education Shuxiu each two classes, a total of one hundred thirty-nine people. The average age of 38 (between twenty-four and 58), marital status is married 一 ○ trio, who are not married or divorced thirty three, three unknown persons. Tool There are two tools: one is "Adult Life Questionnaire (Lin Tiande, 1994)," Off to measure human skills, the higher the points indicated people off their skills stronger; two are "doing things in life questionnaire." This self-questionnaire Head interest from the character defined disease symptoms on DSM-IV (Lin Tiande, 1995). To avoid subjects recognize each character, all the symptoms have been mixed arrangement; was easy to answer, all the symptoms were preceded by the first person, along with the following guiding words: a man doing things though is complicated, but I have my own one _set_s, you have your own _set_, he has his own _set_. The questionnaire on you and me to explore his people doing things the law. When you answer each topic, the most important honestly. Because I only do a survey, I do not need your name pairing, so I do not want you registered. I do not know how you answer, other people do not know. Please answer sheet in accordance wrote down your answers, if you think the topic is described to you the whole truth, and wrote "3"; half-truths, write "2"; wholly false, write "1."
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Data collection and analysis
All data were measured on the first class facilities when, in addition to four absentees, the rest all to participate. The reason has nothing to do with the absence of research purposes. Each personality disorder scales is its defining disease combined. In order to test the first objective of this study, first seek internal consistency reliability of each personality disorder scales (Cronbach'sα), the way to test the amount of people off skills Tables, one and the results are listed in Table I. Table I: personality disorder and people skills Scale Off average, standard deviation, and internal consistency reliability (N = 139) In order to test the second research objective, the personality disorder scales on eleven personality factor analysis, found that more than one eig-envalues have two. Do the maximum variance normalization shaft (Normalized VarimaxRotation), obtained factor structure. In order to test the third research interests, ask for the relevant Underlying (product-moment correlations) Skills Scale with personality disorder scales between. Results of these two tests are hereby listed in Table II. Table II: Scale factor structure of personality disorders and associated analyzes have been off their skills with others can tell this end, but for ease of discussion, I will be internal consistency reliability were lower than .60 of six personality disorder scales That is divisive, schizotypal, obsessive-compulsive, acting, antisocial, and ran out to play and so dark Scale pulled loose. Symptoms project as factors in the analysis, we found one of its eigenvalues greater than sixteen factors. Since the sixth since its value is very little, the first five were 6.99,2.55,2.27,2.13,1.83. So, just take five highest result for normalized variance shaft, get the results as shown in Table III. Table 3: factor structure of the six personality disorder symptoms Then re-classified into the project in accordance with the high Loadings factor table. Projects, such as the event has two or more L-oadings are classified into the most Loading factors. Internal consistency reliability of each factor and then seek scale, mean, standard deviation, as well as people related skills correlation coefficient. The results obtained are shown in Table IV. Table IV: Reliability and human scale off four factors related skills Scale and then top five factors that had previously been reserved for death wish, dependent, narcissistic, escape, along with another five factor analysis and edge personality disorder, made only one eigenvalue greater than one (4.73). Hereby personality disorder originally eleven scales and correlation matrix of the five factors listed in Table 5. Table V: eleven personality disorder scales with five scale factor correlation matrix
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Results and Discussion
Table I pointed delusion, dependency, narcissism, escape, and the edge of the other five personality disorder, its internal consistency reliability greater than .60. Although there is no cut-off value academic Kimisada based research experience, I believe that these five clinical-like personality disorder, its consistency can not be questioned. In other words, such as its total number of diagnostic or research, its meaning clear, there should be no problem. Conversely, divisive, schizotypal, obsessive-compulsive, acting, antisocial, and ran out to play and so dark personality disorder has yet to be corrected, especially antisocial personality disorder. Scale factors in Table IV, its internal consistency reliability, in addition to the fifth factor, the rest were higher than .60. This indicates torn loose character disorder, is being amended. Let us examine Table III and Table V, the first factor scale and character of the original act was .69 related disorders, personality disorders are associated with other significant low. Therefore, this factor should be acting personality disorder. Check its contents, Table III indicate that this factor only save "sex seduce", "fickle", "interesting", plus a "bad mood and good defense," "know the spirits would psychic, or Sin sleep, "but in addition to" uncomfortable "and" exaggerated feelings "and other symptoms. This seems to say, as we will only focus on acting personality disorder in the outer seduce behavior without doping Inner feelings, then its meaning should be clearer, more meaningful. Table V indicate the second factor and divisive personality disorder related to up to .83, far more than with other personality disorders Related. Therefore, this factor should be no doubt divisive personality disorder. Table III noted that most of the symptoms of the original reservation, only "less active" and "people are not moving on," was the exception, and then joined the "fear of acquaintance" and "workaholic" and other symptoms. This seems to say, as we will only do a little divisive personality disorder amendment focuses on interpersonal ruthless indifference, Its implications on the more clear. Three factors seem to antisocial personality symptoms, then it only retains the original definition of "fraud, fighting, is not responsible for, and does not repent," and other symptoms, and "failure to comply with the norm, the impulse ignore security "and other symptoms disappeared. Instead, it brought a "secretly done right, people will not be the solution, suspicion of others, ignore others, and liberties of others" and other symptoms. Therefore, this factor explains as the "anti-social personality disorder" is not responsible for the limitations on interpersonal behavior, the more easily interpreted. Factor is the unprecedented four personality disorder, tentatively called impulsive personality disorder, it is a good trait to show impulse, suggestibility, suddenly revolt suddenly regret, neglect security. Factors five personality disorder like OCD, but only focus on doing things "strive for perfection" side. Since only five projects, of which three projects and "strive for perfection" is not associated with, so reliability than the previous low (see Table I and Table IV). Factor analysis of the results of the two scales, were not supported by three clinical classification. Table II indicate that two factors, then the second eigenvalue is much smaller than the first factor of factors, it is almost a single factor. After six personality disorder until replaced by five factors, it made only a single factor. In other words, DSM personality disorder just ten clinical diagnosis of it. In fact, there is only one dimension between them. The findings, to be validated on another sample. Table 3 studies purport to support a hypothesis. In addition to antisocial and narcissistic personality disorder two, the rest are shut and people skills was a significant negative correlation. So, people skills, stronger people off more personality disorders are not infected. However, perhaps antisocial and narcissistic self-conscious, which show off skills with people closer, so that no correlation exists. In conclusion, this study points out, the DSM-IV personality disorders in eleven, paranoia, dependency, narcissism, escape, and define the edges of the five personality disorders, can still be used. However divisive, force, acting, antisocial personality disorder, such as four of its main features should be rectified and supplemented. As Ming ran two dark playing with schizotypal personality disorder can be _delete_d, because the covers, and he has been replaced by his personality disorder. In addition, consideration should be given Add "impulsive personality disorder." However, the reason why these personality disorders are separated, just for the convenience of clinical diagnosis only, because during the height of the association. Since the more skilled person related skills will not suffer more personality disorder, which implies people off during training method can help relieve personality disorder, but stressed the moral and social norms should treat antisocial and narcissistic in it .
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Character classification
Psychologists have had with their own standards and principles of personality types were classified, the following are some typical view: (1) From the division of mental functioning, personality can be divided into: the intellectual type, affective and will type; (2) From the division of mental activity tendencies, personality can be divided Introvert and extrovert; (3) the independence of the individual from the division into separate personality type, submissive, against type; (4) Split Lange different values according to the people, the people's character into; theory, economical, power-oriented, community-based, aesthetic type, religious type. (5) Helen Palmer habits differ depending on people's core values and the focus of attention and behavior of the person's character is divided into nine. Called the Enneagram, including: the perfect type 1, type 2, helping No. 3 achiever, the 4th Artistic, intellectual type 5, 6 puzzled type, the 7th active type, the 8th Leaders, on the 9th of peace type. [Character] Psychology Definition: A person is manifested in a stable attitude toward reality and habits of behavior in personality traits
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Allport's definition of personality
Of Georg Porter that "character" is somewhat vague term, because it means that people on someone's moral judgments. For example, when we say that someone has "good character", it contains this moral judgment. Allport prefer: "The character is defined as to assess personality, and the personality is defined as not to assess personality."
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Encyclopedia
xingge Character character The sum of the reality of people's attitude and behavior in the relatively stable psychological characteristics. Such as honesty or hypocrisy, hard-working or lazy, pride or self-esteem, courage or cowardice, etc. are all decisive or indecisive character. Everyone has this or that personality traits, some of which are similar to the others, and some are unique to the individual, some positive, some negative. Various personality traits of a person intertwined constitute his character. The earliest use of the term character and outlines its features is the ancient Greek philosopher Theophrastus. He summed up as flattery man disguised kind person, a mean person, such as personality traits from people's everyday behavior in. Later scholars have described multi-use way to illustrate the character. Meaning of the word moral character there has never been evaluated. Because a person's man, what he has done and how to do, is bound to affect, directly or indirectly, to other people, so it is bound to be some moral evaluation. Character and temperament and ability are different sides of personality. Ability and temperament can exhibit individual differences in a person's personality. The performance of the real character of the attitudes and actions to take in certain situations, but also the best performance of the psychological characteristics of personality differences. We can say that the character is a core part of the personality sense. Character has a very complex structure, it contains many features that can be roughly summarized as four aspects: ① the reality of their own attitudes and character traits. Include others, collective and social, labor and work on their own attitudes and characteristics. As loyal, frank, hard-working, humble and selfish, cunning, self-confidence or complacency, pride or inferiority. ② will feature character. Including the degree of targeted behavior, conscious behavior characteristics of the level of control and, in case of emergency or difficulties will manifested characteristics. If any purpose, discipline, initiative, and the calm, decisive, courageous and so on. ③ emotional characteristics character. Including emotional level of infection and the degree of control the activities of human behavior and the degree of emotional control by the will of the people, if any, enthusiasm, and some people cold, etc.; also includes stability, personality traits persistent emotional aspects, such as emotional stable or fluctuating, etc.; dominant mood also include aspects of personality traits, such as a person is often full of energy, joy, pleasure, an optimist, and some people depression depression, sentimental and so on. ④ sensible feature character. Including performance characteristics in terms of perception, as a whole tend to take by way of observation or analysis, perceptual speed and accuracy, etc.; performance of thinking in terms of personality traits, such as mental agility, originality, depth and logic and so on. While it's not the same character, but many psychologists trying to classify personality to identify the type of character. For example, the Swiss psychologist CG Jung life according to the "libidinal" energy tend to themselves or external environment, and the person's character is divided into two categories: extraversion and introversion. Another view is based on psychological function to divide personality type. It is based on the intellectual, emotional, and will feature three kinds of people who share the advantage, and the person's character is divided into intellectual, emotional type and will type. In addition, there are many other points, such as the biology of type theory, cultural - the type of sociological theory, and so on. Personality is acquired form. As a psychological phenomenon, character features with innate natural premise of the nervous system, but whether it is a characteristic of the nervous system and other body characteristics or biological factors can not determine a person's character. Character is under the influence of the society, in people's practical activities gradually, personality is a reflection of a person's life course. Children born after a long life in the home environment, economic status and political role of the family, the education level of parents and educational point of view, the relationship between attitude and approach to education, between family members, the status of children in the family, and so on children's character formation will have a huge impact. School life is the main character during the formation and development of children. The purpose of the school through a variety of activities, planned way to educate students, students in schools must not only master the scientific and cultural knowledge, but also to have a certain political views and moral standards, the formation of his own character. People in the formation of his character's not passive. With age, gradually expanding contacts with the community, under the influence of the community, young people will have a different personality evaluation, and a gradual transition from imitation to some extent pursuit. Young people into society, in order to adapt to the increasingly wide range of areas of life, and indeed also need a deeper understanding of their character somewhat, and take the initiative to change some of their personality traits. Develop good character, is an important part of education, it has a great social significance. (High Yuxiang)
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English Expression
: kidney, suit
n.: disposition, nature, combination of qualities that form a person's character or temperament, fault or imperfection （, weakness in character or morals, nature; disposition, his father's son, have sb.'s number, agree with sb, 's constitution, suit sb, 's constitution, mental ballast, volatility, trait, texture, temperament, strain, semitism, personality, ethos, constitution, character