Chang Tso-lin, (1875.3.19 - 1928.6.4) word Yu Ting, Han, Haicheng County small Fengtian Province Wacun people. Dongfeng Town, later renamed the Dawa here Ye Zhang Dian Tun Village, now renamed Dawa home Jiazhangsi Rural Village of West Malaysia Tun small depression. In fact, there is only one housing site, has no village was. March 19, 1875 (February 12 the first year of the Qing dynasty) students. There are two said their ancestral home. One is, Shandong Province, said. "Republic of China, Marshal Zhang public rows and the Army and Navy," writes: "public taboo Zuolin, word Yuting, Fengtian Haicheng people, far ancestral Shandong, family and even fan, Haicheng Xi Ju Qing dynasty, early. Progenitor fat farm industry , said sealing elements. "" line-like "family of the deceased in the past described the deceased descent, place of origin, to commemorate the deeds of style. The article said that "far ancestral home in Shandong," said the Lord of Shandong Province. One for Hebei Province said. There Hebei Province Hebei Dacheng, Hebei, Goyang, Hebei Hejian III said. "Generalissimo of the Republic of China Army and Navy public Yuting Zhang Shinto monument," wrote: "public taboo Zuolin, word Yuting. The first person to Zhili, Qing move Fengtian Haicheng." This inscription is the military governor through the department headed by chief of staff Yi Zang style, but also 8 head of signatures contained in the "Marshal Zhang Ai Wan-recorded." The article clearly said that "the first person to Zhili", that of Hebei Province, Hebei Province, said the Lord. View from the historical record, Chang Tso-lin's ancestral home is all that exist. Most of the main result of Hebei Province, said Zhang also claimed that his ancestral home is the largest County in Hebei Province, Hebei Province, it is great Chang Tso-lin's ancestral home for the County. According to "cities and county" records and accounts of the local elderly, native of Hebei Province Chang Tso-lin County nanzhaofu Feng Zhuang, Feng straight during the war, Chang Tso-lin has been identified ancestors to return home, but because of his elders against (some say that the youth had been a "beard" - Horse Thief, degrading the door the wind; an immediate failure of Wu Pei-fu anger that fear Serbs) were unable to return, Chang Tso-lin has been bitter about it. None of living with their ancestors went to the Northeast Yong-gui, in land reclamation. Zhang made to her grandfather when engaged in farming, "said the prime letters." The so-called "prime seal" refers to the feudalism, although no official post, but, like the rich and the closure. It is said that Zhang made, the Chang family is wealthy. Zhang made with four sons, the third son is the father of Chang Tso-lin, were Chang You-tsai. "Ancestral dead, the father in order to analyze the production of small hollow Haicheng resettlement, rehabilitation providers in the driving charge of wantonly set Teramura." Zhang made after death and family, given to the brothers and several others. Chang You-tsai with his share of the property, came to Haicheng. His father's death, family life more difficult, no way, his mother with four children she had just defected to the Town County (Heishan County) near the small Montenegro Erdaogou her family. Chang Tso-lin has two brothers and a sister. Her family life is very difficult, they have a five mouth, simply can not continue to live longer. Chang Tso-lin can not expect the house, only to bread where society. Chang Tso-lin as a child often with his father out of the casino, be nurtured, but also love gambling. Initially, he was by Mai Shaobing earn some money, but soon lost all. His mother so he switched to a carpenter, he too see-saw too tired, do not love dry. He was once living on the streets, begging. Later went to the town of Yingkou high Hom his cart shop odds and ends for others. Sometimes mules sick, he would get some herbs to the rule, it is really of the cured. He is very smart, one to two to go, it becomes a veterinarian, this business he prefers. Later, he opened a veterinary pile, a living ①. Later, he bred, had been wrongly accused, being beaten, almost killed. The well-meaning people to help, to die. He seems down to the lowest point of life, desperation, and death unwilling, nowhere to live. Just at this time, Sino-Japanese War broke out, he would hold first-line survival hopes in the wars. He invested in the Ha En Yu Songqing Yi army horse, when a cavalry. That year, he was 20 years old. He preferred horses, the "Jingji attack, named after the pull out a long whistle" ②. Sino-Japanese defeat, he fled to the western Liaoning Province. In 1895, his family temple at age 21 with landlords ZHAO Zhan Zhao Yuan Zhao Chungui second daughter married. Zhao Chungui that Chang Tso-lin's first wife, was the first Fang Zhang, Zhang, Xue-ming's mother. Chang Tso-lin is a person eager. He did not imagine his hometown to live without food and clothing, insipid life, he wanted to live another method. Around 1902, the social order to become stable. Chang Tso-lin painstaking efforts the last two years of his armed forces have expanded. He also dutifully played the role of protectors. At the same time, and local business people also get along, get their unanimous praise. However, with the social order and stability, local self-government armed existence value will be lost. Chang Tso-lin reasonably large group should be laid off, the people or group home farm, or town business. But the star anise, president of Taiwan to the demobilization of the armed Zhang Ziyun consideration, the people scattered groups that may endanger the local. At the same time, he also forged a friendship, and Chang Tso-lin, who wanted to find a way out. Chang Tso-lin hurried back to octagonal platform, actively recruiting, expansion team. Yun said he, and by a big, boasts that he has a battalion of troops, only 100 people actually. He was allowed to set up 250 teams. He took the opportunity to carry out group activities compiled. He absorbed the western Liaoning Province shares a number of small gangs, such as the Yixian Zhang for phase thin Heishan theirs is, have participated in.. Enough number of people, he Lvdui to accept the point the government compiled Newman, Newman established the way the government guerrilla cavalry patrol, life as deputy Chang Tso-lin (Deputy Commander), the team is still in bajiaotai ①. The second year, July 1903, Chang Tso-lin and his troops into Newman Street policeman patrol Horse guerrilla force, namely 500. Among them, the cavalry 2 post, 3 infantry post. Chang Tso-lin for the control zone (battalion commander), Zhang Jinghui as deputy (Deputy Commander), in the post post official act by the Chang Tso-lin, Zhang sentinel posts for officials with the left post as the Tang Yulin official post, right post post official as Wang Li a, official post after post for Zhao 5 even ②. Post official was company commander. Team has moved to Newman House, responsible for local security, and Hu and suppressing bandits. In this way, Chang Tso-lin by a leader of the militia armed transformed and become government officers of the government troops. This is a major turning point in his life. Since then, rely on Zhezhi armed, he meteoric rise, moved up. Qiao in response to This ability is also reflected in the Russo-Japanese war, brutal. February 1904, at the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in Northeast China. Two imperialist countries to start killing one another in Northeast China. Corruption of the Qing government had announced that the east of the Liaohe River Theater, west of the neutral zone. War broke out, which also control what the neutral zone. Russo-Japanese bandit burning prostitution sweep, stop at no evil. Bandit uprisings, the people suffer. The Newman House at the western Liaoning Province is a center, Chang Tso-lin in addition to maintaining law and order outside the territory, is also mapping out ways to enhance their strength. His principle is that who gave me good, I will help who. The beginning, the Russian military stronger, he accepted the Russian arms and money to help the Russian military. Been captured by the Japanese after, almost killed. After his release, he signed a pledge with the Japanese, "vowed the Japanese military assistance" ①. 1905 Russo-Japanese war, his forces did not only losses, but expanded to three battalions. In the Russo-Japanese war, caught between two imperialist survival of Chang Tso-lin, which fully demonstrates the ability to deal with complex issues. Due to political sound quite good, they promoted the 1906 Chang Tso-lin. General Zhao Xun new Shengjing and new prefect Shen Jian Ren Xinmin government ordered troops to Chang Tso-lin expanded by the three battalions of 5 battalions, Chang Tso-lin became the unified control of five battalions of the system with (head). Jiqindufei Du Li 3 letters have been mixed doubt, wavering. Suddenly he has always admired the Zushu get a personal letter, we doubt read Dunxiao, decided to go to. So, he June 6, 1907 rate of 13 only, as a player escort, led by the SONG Lian, toward Newman House, the official acceptance letters went. Where did this to him the way ticket. Chang Tso-lin to no accident, made a carefully arranged in advance. Du Li alone to attend three very alert. Yanhong Shou in an audience member when he sat back against the wall facing Morohito position, while his hands into pockets, the holding grip, observed movement in order to be mutations. Conversation is completed, Yin shouted: "see a visitor!" Du rose to leave, Yin sent to the back room door, please turn Du Yin "making out", the twinkling of an eye, suddenly being wrestled Tang Yulin, and several strong men, under the guns , tightly bound. Do not wait, the evening took the three Du Li Xinmin House in the West outside shot. In fact, before that, Chang Tso-lin had sent Zhang Jinghui rate Brigade troops, pass the Taiwan Security bajiaotai, three haven, do onslaught Du Li preparations. Be executed after the news of Du Li 3, Li Du Zhang Jinghui so quick to attack three of the nest. Rudderless, in the county of his nest Liao Ching Ma Hom, was one stroke take away ①. Du Li got rid of three to eliminate a great harm, then absolutely banditry in western Liaoning, people cheered. Chang Tso-lin is very aware of grateful people. Shichang so favored by the Governor in the Northeast, such high regard, he bandits harder. Meanwhile, his bandits are constantly sum up experience and lessons, and explore a set of possible rules. He himself hard-working, take the lead. Therefore, and after another bitter fight more than a year, and finally white noise Dalai killed, captured thousand teeth and beat takta Hu. Hu was chasing takta 800 years, has always takta Hu arrived in Mongolia. Northeast Frontier harm suffered years of Mongolian lifted against the separatists Mongolia arrogance, safeguarding national unity and national solidarity, Chang Tso-lin this feature is not without the. Gun to attend the meeting Wu Jinglian on November 12, 1911, to the Security Conference held in his name, business people are all to be more than two hundred. Zhao Xun to the meeting, he brought Chang Tso-lin. It was also his supporters, such as Yuan gold armor. Yuan Jin Kai, who Fengtian Province in Liaoyang. 1909 appointed deputy speaker of the Conference Board of Mukden, he is a party Zhao Xun. Zhao Xun well aware of the importance of military power, he must immediately deprived of the blue sky Wei's military power. So he set up the Security Association in the next day, November 13, 1911, send a telegram to the Yuan: "The main role is to Nieru Qing military system temporarily and Society, and left instructions from defense, to protect the current law and order." ① This means that The second hybrid system from the original job in the Society's co-president of the Association standard (head) and Nie Ruqing served. This Nieru Qing is a stubborn conservative military, strongly opposed the revolution, is loyal to Zhao Xun of his most trusted minions. Zhao Xun of the Second Association of military power to him. Wei Ting emperor, separatism Northeast 12, Zhang has made a telegram, said: "Upon investigation by province by Beijing, and 13 sent Yao Buying, personally confessed to have assigned such Pei Yun, and is scheduled to appoint the national army of the Third Army, 120,000 yuan to the ocean to the East province of recruitment The culprits, in the mountains or the Middle East routes along the East province of upset, so Fengtien care subscribed within, contain instructions from provincial troops. "Since you have to send spies to my Wanxi Guangdong trouble, I hit you more reason to send troops. This call concludes: "Zuolin the apprenticeship, for the purging of Jiandang Republic, as head of state to restore freedom and to save the millions of people in dire Kinki. Wondered if the national crisis, the party evil is eliminated, refusing to spin too also the township." Since then, Chang Tso-lin in Northeast China as a base to expand their influence within the customs together with the immediate control of the Beijing government, in May 1921 and Mongol Jinglue Shi, moderate heat, police, Sui all three systems. In the same year in December to support kai and his cabinet, strive to control the Beijing government, and the immediate intensification of conflicts. Marshal took office, the Northern destruction Huanggu bombing die from coastal bases Character Appraisal In fact, the relationship between Chang Tso-lin and Sun are unusual. Sun has received the assistance, the Chang Tso-lin, Sun also sent his son Sun Ke and Wang Jingwei and other dignitaries arrived at Northeast to Chang Tso-lin's birthday. In Beijing, the disease in the Sun had also called to the residence of Chang Tso-lin. As a return visit, Chang Tso-lin Zhang sent to stay in office to visit the Sun Yat-sen, dusk occasion of Sun Yat-sen's remarks of, "You two Imperial Red located between the Northeast," the extremely wise conclusion is that in a deathbed described. August 1984, Chang Tso-lin grave Jinzhou Municipal Government, will rank as the key cultural relics protection units, and the carved granite signs of a garden stand, incised Rubbings body, "Chang Tso-lin cemetery."
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Chang Tso-lin
Clear
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Childhood death of his father, humble life experience
Chang Tso-lin (1875.3.19 ~ 1928.6.4), the word Yuting, Han, Fengtian Haicheng County Xiaowacun people. Here and later renamed the Dawa Ka Ye Zhang Dongfeng Town, Tuen Austin, now renamed Dawa town driving charge Ma Temple Village West Xiaowa Tun room. In fact, there is now only one house site, the village has not had. March 19, 1875 (the first year of the Qing dynasty, February 12) students. Mukden in 1916, he was appointed military governor, surrendered to Japan, the long rule of the Northeast. 1920, dominated the Northern warlord government. 1922 was an immediate defeat, returned to the Northeast. 1924 once again dominated by the Northern Government. In 1927 the military government organizations in Beijing. Chiang Kai-shek's defeat in 1928, returned to the way the Japanese killed in the northeast Huanggutun. There are two said their ancestral home. One is, Shandong Province said. "Marshal of the Army and Navy Republic of China Zhang Gong-line shape," he wrote: "public taboo Zuolin, word Yuting, Mukden Haicheng, far ancestral Shandong, family and even fan, Haicheng Xiju early Qing dynasty. Zufa Industry Agriculture , said the prime letters. "" line shape "is described in the last family of the deceased the deceased descent, place of origin, to commemorate the deeds of style. The article said that "far from the ancestral home of Shandong," Lord said in Shandong Province. One of Hebei said. Hebei Province in Hebei Dacheng there, Hebei Goyang, Hebei Hejian three said. "Marshal of the Republic of China Army and Navy public Yuting Zhang Shinto monument" wrote: "public taboo Zuolin, word Yuting its first people to Zhili, the late Qing Dynasty moved to Mukden Haicheng." This inscription is the military governor through the chief of staff of the Department of Yi Zang-style lead, and There are 8-bit signed Director, contained in the "generalissimo sorrow rolled sheets recorded." The article clearly says "The first person to Zhili", that is, Hebei Province, Hebei Province, said the master. From the historical record to see, Chang Tso-lin's ancestral home is all that co-exist. Most of the main result of Hebei Province, said Zhang also claimed that his ancestral home is the largest County in Hebei Province, it is the ancestral home of Chang Tso-lin County of Hebei Province. According to the "city of county" records and accounts of the local elderly, native of Hebei Province Chang Tso-lin County South Rotary Feng Zhao Zhuang, Feng straight during the war, Chang Tso-lin had ancestors returning recognized, but because his elders against (some say that the young man had been "beard" - Horse Thief, degrading house style; an immediate failure of Wu Pei-fu anger that worried the tribe) were unable to return, Chang Tso-lin has this to heart. Because life without their ancestors Zhang Yonggui went northeast, engaged in agricultural cultivation. When Zhang sent to their grandfather, were engaged in farming, "said Su closed." The so-called "prime seal" refers to the feudalism although no official post, but, like the rich and the closure. It is said that Zhang made when Zhang is rich. Zhang made with four sons, the third son is the father of Chang Tso-lin, Nabari have the money. "Ancestral dead, the father to the analysis of production re_set_tlement Haicheng the small depression, re-_set_ on driving business palm Teramura Stanford." Zhang made after his death, possessions and give a brother a few people. Zhang took his share of financial as_set_s, to the sea city. His father Zhang wealth of the believers is idle. First opened a small grocery store, little income. Later, a small grocery store closed down, he does not want to work on all gambling profligates. Because of gambling debts owed to others, creditors were enemies killed. Chang Tso-lin 13 years old that year. His father's death, family life more difficult, no way, Wang's mother with four children had defected to the town of County (Heishan) near the small Montenegrin Erdaogou her family. Chang Tso-lin has two brothers, a sister. Her family life is very difficult, they have a five mouth, simply can not continue to live longer. Chang Tso-lin can not expect the home, and only bread to the community.
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Removed from the social
At that time China was in chaos, particularly the Northeast. Thoroughly corrupt Qing government, China's great rivers and mountains trampled upon. Russia forcibly taking away China's territory and more than 1.5 million square kilometers, is still coveted northeast China's vast land; Jiawu defeated China, Japan, the claws into the Chinese northeast. Official exactions, the people unbearable. Outlaws will take the risk, Xiaoju mountains, bandits uprisings, robbery, people's lives more painful. Chang Tso-lin childhood he would often tell his father out of the casino, be nurtured, loved gambling. Initially, he was by Mai Shaobing earn money, but soon lost all. His mother let him switched to a carpenter, he saw too tired, do not love dry. He was once homeless, begging on the streets. Later, wandering the high ridge to the town of Yingkou, his odd jobs for others in the cart shop. Sometimes mule was sick, he would get some herbs to cure, really healed. He is very smart, one to two to go, it becomes a veterinarian, this line of business he prefers. Later, he opened a veterinary pile, a living ①. Later, he ill-fated, was wrongly accused, being beaten, almost killed. The good people to help, to die. He seems down to the lowest point in life, desperation, death and unwilling to live nowhere. Precisely at this time, Sino-Japanese War broke out, holding the line he hopes to survive, the army has. He put into Songqing Yi Yu En sects charger, became a cavalry. That year, he was 20 years old. His favorite horse, "to Jingji hit, named after the whistle long pull" ②. Jiawu defeat, he fled to the western Liaoning Province. In 1895, he was 21 years old Temple with the landlord ZHAO Zhan Zhao Yuan Zhao Chungui the second daughter married. Zhao Chungui is Chang Tso-lin's first wife, was the first Fang Zhang, Zhang, Zhang Xueming's mother. Chang Tso-lin is eager for people. He did not imagine his fellow live without food and clothing, bland life, he wanted to live another method.
1902 or so, the social order to become stable. Chang Tso-lin the past two years painstakingly built his armed forces have expanded. He also dutifully played the protectors of the role. Meanwhile, local business people and also get along, get their intersection praise. However, with the social order and stability, local self-government militants have been impossible value. Chang Tso-lin of the group should be reasonably large severance, group people, or home farm, or town business. However, Taiwan Association Zhang Ziyun octagonal consider severance of the armed groups scattered people, may endanger the place. At the same time, he also forged a friendship, and Chang Tso-lin, who wanted to find a way out. Chang Tso-lin hurried back to the octagonal platform, actively recruiting, expansion team. Because he and lying by Yun said, boasting that they have a battalion of troops, actually have more than a hundred. He was allowed to _set_ up 250-strong team. He took the opportunity to carry out pooled activities. He absorbed some small stocks gangs in western Liaoning, such as the Yixian Zhang for phase Heishan thin Zhensheng, have participated in. Enough numbers, he led his unit to the receiving point Xinmin House series, _set_ up a government patrol the road Xinmin guerrilla cavalry, ordered Chang Tso-lin is deputy (deputy battalion commander), the team is still in octagonal table ①. The second year, in July 1903, Chang Tso-lin and his troops policeman Xinmin Street horse patrol team into the guerrillas, namely 500. Among them, the cavalry 2 post, 3 infantry post. Chang Tso-lin for the pipe band (battalion commander), Zhang Jinghui as deputy (deputy battalion commander), the official post in the post part-time by the Chang Tso-lin, Zhang sentinel post for the official phase of the left post as the Tang Yulin official post, right post for the post officer Wang a, official post after post for Zhao five even ②. Is the official post commander. Team also moved to Xinmin government, responsible for local security, and Hu and destroy bandits. In this way, Chang Tso-lin by an armed militia leader transformed, and the government troops of the officers of the government. This is a major turning point in his life. Since then, relying on Zhezhi armed, he meteoric rise, soared up.
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Clever in response to
Chang Tso-lin smart man, longer than the plot. Came to the Xinmin House unfamiliar environment, he knows how to handle the. He Yun for by the trust in the first place, match up, "fed with money," Executive ceremony very respectful, obey commands, listen to disposal. At the same time to win over business people, serious work, bound men, and well managed. It won the prefect appreciation by Yun, was leaning against the indispensable right hand man. He also apply a wrist, squeeze out the government's Patrol Secretary Xinmin Wang Fengting. Did not charge too much effort, he controlled the New People's military government power. In this regard, he has demonstrated the ability to respond skillfully to. This ability is also reflected in the Russo-Japanese War brutal. February 1904, the Russo-Japanese War broke out in Northeast China. Two imperialist countries to start fighting in northeast China. Corrupt Qing government even announced the Liaohe River east of the theater, west of the neutral zone. War broke out, which also control what the neutral zone. Russo-Japanese bandit burning prostitution sweep, evil. Bandit uprisings, the people suffer. Xinmin in western Liaoning Province is a city government, Chang Tso-lin in addition to maintaining law and order within, but also plan how to enhance their strength. His principle who gave me good, I'll help who. The beginning, the Russian military power, he will accept the Russian's arms and money to help the Russian military. After the Japanese had been captured almost to death. After his release, he signed a pledge with the Japanese, "vowed to aid the Japanese army" ①. 1905 Russo-Japanese war, his forces did not only losses, but expanded to three battalions. In the Russo-Japanese war, caught between two imperialist Chang Tso-lin, it shows that deal with complex problems. Because of political sound quite good, but also promoted the 1906 Chang Tso-lin. New Shengjing general and the new Ren Xinmin Zhao Xun Shen Jin Jian government prefect ordered to Chang Tso-lin's army expanded from three to five battalions battalion, Chang Tso-lin became a unified management system with five battalions (the head).
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Jiqindufei
Became the government troops of Chang Tso-lin Hu place of damage is very hate bandits, strongly extermination. Destroy the pain in his successive years, the western Liaoning Province, Hu bandits or pacify small groups, or exterminated. Even more than a thousand large share ruthless gang Tian Chang Tso-lin of the Ministry is also killed, their followers were scattered, the people cheered. However, there is a treacherous murderous bandits Du Li-san is difficult to deal with. Du Li-san entrenched in Liaozhong County Green Ma Hom. Du Li-san's growing influence, he could not take the government troops. He claimed once the emperor. Entrenched in his place, free spoils, the people see what he calls Du adults. In fact, he has caused the separatist trend. Shengjing General Zhao Xun had ordered the "visit to get tight," a few troops military offensive against, but are defeated. In 1907 the Qing government established in the northeast province, the Governor appointed Shichang for the Northeast. Shichang to get rid of this heart of suffering, the people with the magistrate Yin Hongshou resourcefulness mission to Xinmin House, to help exterminate Chang Tso-lin Du Li-san. This meter fall. Chang Tso-lin did not lose heart, and a meter. He thought of Montenegro scholar Du Pan Lin. Du Pan Lin is the adoptive father Chang Tso-lin. Chang Tso-lin in Suanbo when the insurance team leader, the same gentleman Du Pan Lin forged friendship, and from the close relationship very deep. Chang Tso-lin know Du Li Du Pan Lin recognized three worship the same Zushu, its toe, is very respected. Chang Tso-lin Du Pan Lin wanted to fight the idea. He and Yin Hongshou plot, with the Pan Du Lin Du Li-san to lure bait. Specifically went to Montenegro to Chang Tso-lin Pan Du Xinmin Lin received the government, and introduced to the provincial capital of his high officials Yanhong Shou, to prove that indeed pacify the province, not fiction. Also in the Xinmin street, as Du Pan Lin separate reception area, please Du Pan Lin take a break in the reception area, waiting Du Li-san arrived, along with Shanxi Province. Pan Lin Du scholar who is honest, I do not know is dollars, give Du Lisan wrote a personal letter, words, sincere, sincere feelings. A "non-life things Ranger, Qi living in the Liangshan region; once enlisted, not only succeed, but also and Yaozu Veterans Home" and other words. Du Li-san had suspected the letter mixed, undecided. Suddenly he has always admired Zushu get a personal letter, he read Dunxiao suspect, decided to go. So he June 6, 1907 rate of only 13 people, as carry-on guard, led by the SONG Lian, Xinmin toward government, accept the official seal to go. He did not know this had to go one-way ticket. Chang Tso-lin for nothing else, do a careful pre-arrangement. Du Li-san to attend the meeting alone, very alert. Yanhong Shou in an audience member, he sat back against the wall face Morohito position, while his hands into the pocket, the holding grip, observed movement in order to be mutations. Conversation is completed, Yin shouted: "see a visitor!" Du rose to leave, Yin sent to the back room door, please turn Du Yin "stay behind", the sudden, suddenly submerged by Tang Yulin, and several brawny, under the guns , tightly tied. Without further ado, three in the evening put the DU Li Xinmin House West outside shot. In fact, before this, Chang Tso-lin had sent Zhang Jinghui rate team of people, pass the Taiwan Security octagonal table, do the onslaught Du Lisan nest preparation. Du Li-san to be executed in the news, Zhang Jinghui so swiftly and Du Li-san's lair. Rudderless, in the county of his lair Liao Qing Ma Hom, was one stroke take away ①. Du Li to get rid of the three, has removed a major harm, then absolutely banditry in western Liaoning, people cheered. Du Li three years of eating this does not move to hoe, so that Chang Tso-lin easily removed. He uses circumvent the strategy. This shows the extraordinary wisdom Chang Tso-lin. Get this message, the Governor Xu Shichang overjoyed, reported Qing, Chang Tso-lin, please for the award. Qing addition Shangyin five thousand two hundred things, Chang Tso-lin was promoted to command of the road Mukden Guard battalion (brigade), under the jurisdiction of horse camp 5. Others include middle, left, right, posterior and other 4-way command. Chang Tso-lin in Northeast old army one of five vital forces, forces more grown.
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Destroy Mongolia suffering
Taonan area is the vast expanse of prairie, a Mongolian bandit activity base. They are familiar with the terrain, understand their needs, skilled in riding and shooting, appeared uncertain. Their whereabouts no fixed, multi-purpose surprise, hit and run, no vague traces. Among them, a few shares of a large Mongolian bandits, such as white sound, DL, dental thousand, Hu Tao Tao grams, etc., are "harmful interference frontier, to a few years, he was channeling this destroy, Ziman difficult than the state as a giant Kou. " These "giant bandits" is not removed, the State shall not be stable, the people no peace. Chang Tso-lin when this task, did not start smoothly. Later, he used the storm and circumvent two-pronged strategy, sent into internal Mongolian bandits, obtaining information, and gradually reverse the bad Bureau. In 1909, the shortage of troops Shichang see Chang Tso-lin, would give him expanded, enhanced his strength. Business expanded to five to seven battalions, stationed in turn was placed under the Ministry of Taonan the Sunlie Chen Chang Tso-lin Department. This increased to 3,500 troops Chang Tso-lin, a strong contingent of the Northeast. Chang Tso-lin is very grateful to know people. Shichang so favored by the Governor, the Northeast, so discouraged, he bandits harder. At the same time, he also constantly sum up counterinsurgency lessons, worked out a viable law. He himself hard, take the lead. Therefore, and after more than a year fighting hard, and finally the white tone Dalai killed, captured teeth thousand and defeated Wu Tao Tao grams. Tao Tao Hu chase was 800 grams, has been to Tao Tao Hu arrived in Mongolia grams. Mongolia harm suffered years of northeast frontier lifted against the separatists Mongolia arrogance, and safeguarded national unification and national unity, Chang Tso-lin of this function is not not.
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智进省城
However, this important message was Chang Tso-lin Discovery Bong men. This person is Chang Tso-lin in Feng Office Director Zhang Hui-lin. He knew the stakes, the fastest, the news secret report to Chang Tso-lin. Chang Tso-lin is a great political ambitions, he can not be reconciled Taonan spent a lifetime in the northwest. To this end, he would have to observe the the Fengtian city movement. He had told his secret to Mukden JiangWu learning each battalion with Zhang Jinghui, Tang Yulin, for equal pay attention to the military and political trends of the provincial capital, and to write a report in a timely manner. Same time, he is extremely concerned about the political situation in the country. Get this important message, he thinks this is a golden opportunity not to be missed. This is his time to show their talents. Decisive, personally led under the jurisdiction of the Buji seven camp all the troops immediately from Taonan, non-stop, day and night, went straight to Mukden. Passing Liaoyuan (zhengjiatun), Wu Jun upgrade out of the city to greet Chang Tso-lin, its Xuyuweiyi not reveal the truth.
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Armed to attend
Northeast Governor Zhao Xun Chang Tso-lin has a bodyguard that has a military strength, it had nothing to fear. First they were forced by the new army generals Zhao Xun's "protectors" of the claim. This idea is essentially opposed to the revolution, to continue to pro-government. And then again in Mukden on the implementation of the National Security Association of royalist claims Zhao Xun, _set_ up by former Governor Northeast of Mukden Zhao Xun, president of national security for the Association, which is a new name, continues to exercise on behalf of the Qing imperial power. In this process, Chang Tso-lin plays a role of rogue thugs. WU Jing-Lian on November 12, 1911, to the security of the General Assembly held in his name, business people of all walks of life to be there more than two hundred. Zhao Xun to the meeting, he brought Chang Tso-lin. Meeting and his supporters, such as Yuan gold armor and so on. Yuan gold armor, Fengtian Liaoyang people. 1909 appointed deputy speaker of the Conference Board of Mukden, he is a one-party Zhao Xun. The meeting, the sophistication of Zhao Xun has also been prepared. He arranged to send troops outside the venue Chang Tso-lin, a gun on standby, that exert pressure. Chang Tso-lin is armed to attend the meeting, his face murderous. Atmosphere of the meeting, very intense, great explosive trend. But the revolutionaries did not timid, but the sentiments, ideas from the Qing court, declared independence. Zhao Xun extremely dissatisfied and expressed their strong opposition. He said: "You engage in self-government can also discuss independence? Afraid of smth right?" He would not finish, the statement was rejected revolutionaries, the revolutionaries declared independence Zhao Xun strong demand. At this time, Chang Tso-lin eager to jump out, shoot the pistol 往桌子上一, rude and ferocious exclaimed: "I am Zhang as a soldier, Marshal is tied to protect. If there is injustice, I was good Zhang friends, but this pistol is not my friends. "This is a signal, the venue four weeks of his partisans, are immediately out of a pistol, the situation is extremely dangerous. In this case, the discussion has been no way to go. Members of the revolutionary tendencies, are angrily left the venue after another. But this is the same as the initiative to give the meeting a royalist.
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Squeeze Tianwei
Blue sky Wei, Hao word show, Hubei Huangpi people, 1878 years old. 1902 into the Japanese Military Academy. 1904 to join Alliance. 1906 League Liaodong branch office head. The second term in 1910, the Northeast Mixed Brigade (Brigadier), is a staunch revolutionaries. The meeting was originally initiated by the blue sky Wei, etc. The purpose is to elect a splendid blue sky outside the customs captaincy. But does not want commitment, allows Zhao Xun prevailed. Zhao Xun aware of the importance of military power, he must immediately deprived of the blue sky Wei's military power. So he _set_ up security associations in the next day, November 13, 1911, sent a telegram to the Yuan: "The army and even if Nieru Qing temporary and co-integration and anti-left Bong, can protect the current law and order." ① This means that The second hybrid system from the Incumbent Association Association Association standard system of the (head) and Nie Ruqing served. This is a stodgy Nieru Qing soldiers, firmly opposed to the revolution, is loyal to Zhao Xun the most assured his minions. Zhao Xun of the second agreement of military power to him. Also more than that. This crafty Wei Zhao Xun also pushed off in the blue sky, so that he stay away from the Northeast, in order to avoid his eyes become fuss. His approach is very wonderful. The third day of the establishment of security associations, ie November 14, 1911, Zhao Xun on to examine the name of the sky off of Wei sent a. Wei Zhao Xun, under a blue sky to make Sapporo: "search command of a second day of mixed co-Wei Lan, interests ambitious, knowledgeable subtlety, worthy to visit the school to go to war in southeastern provinces of truth, public opinion, and the dissemination of provincial security Bong will aim to seek the national well-being. To this end, Sapporo Sapporo appointed to the co-integration, even if in accordance with, Krzysztof to do properly, at any time report. " In this way, effortlessly Zhao Xun, Wei easily put the squeeze out of the blue sky. But in the outside world, it seems that is entrusted with the task to the sky like Wei. Off outside the aspiring candidates thrust into the captaincy off, so that no connections with the outside of the revolutionary leader, Zhao Xun of this with is a vicious enough. Crowding out of the blue sky in the process of Wei, Wei Chang Tso-lin had clashed with the blue sky, blue sky Wei Chang Tso-lin to fall under the gun, stop pretending to be Zhao Xun. But the move also posed a threat to the blue sky Wei. Crowding out of the blue sky Wei Chang Tso-lin is an accomplice.
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Wei Ting became the emperor, separatism Northeast
After Yuan Shikai became president in 1912, Chang Tso-lin was appointed Lieutenant General twenty-seventh division commander, Yuan Shikai became the emperor, has been labeled Viscount, General Wu Sheng, Du Li and Xun Anshi Mukden Military Affairs; Yuan's death, Chang Tso-lin by the Beijing government appointed military governor and governor of Mukden, in September 1918 was named the Northeast Xunyue Shi, Japan's forces in control of the use of Feng, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, as the Manchurian leader. April 22, 1916, Chang Tso-lin has become a warlord and Mukden Mukden Xunan Shi, master Fengtian of military power, became a frontier Dali, with considerable status, compared with the previous small teachers have not in the same breath. Therefore, the more aroused the attention of Japanese authorities. However, despite Chang Tso-lin kept curry favor with the Japanese, but in Japan the ruling group's military and political circles, the existence of Chang Tso-lin has two entirely different views. These views are striving to promote the Japanese and the "Mongolian independence movement" closely related. The so-called "Mongolian independence movement", in fact, should the Japanese launched the territory ceded to Japan, China movement. Japan delusions to the northeast and the east of Inner Mongolia into a single entity, to become an independent country, the establishment of the Kingdom of Manchuria and Mongolia, hosted by Japan. The other faction believes that achieving the Mongolian independence, should take advantage of Chang Tso-lin, Chang Tso-lin is Japan's best helper, Chang Tso-lin independence should be encouraged, will forfeit the Japanese occupation of the Northeast. This school is a General Staff meeting in Japan a long Tanaka, Japan's Foreign Ministry and the Consul General of Japan in Bong and so on. Two groups do not contact each other, their respective activities. Kawashima Naniwa faction in the plan after the failure of the first Mongolian independence, did not give up, in 1916, also planned a second "Mongolian independence movement." Kawashima Naniwa in the Qing, he had served as a police consultant Society of Civil Affairs Shang Shushan, they Baibaxiongdi, very closely. Kawashima Naniwa the villain's identity activities in China. This is Japan's internal affairs was a common practice. They appear to be a private citizen, does not mean the government. But in fact, most of them are spies Japanese invasion of another country. This school of Japanese ruling group in the planning, finance, personnel, weapons, etc., are well prepared in the northeastern uprising, but later, as the Japanese Consul General in Mukden, who believe that Taro vector pseudo-ginseng "extremely inappropriate." They believe that, if not successful, there will be "exposed to the risk of accidental ugly." Chang Tso-lin instigated as a "Mongolian independence" more appropriate. This view has been Ishii and Japanese Foreign Minister Tanaka a long-time military staff support. Thus, large-scale armed insurrection would be held, but has taken an independent approach instigated Chang Tso-lin. However, Kawashima Naniwa mob tried to kill Chang Tso-lin, and then captured the provincial capital of Mukden in disarray, the Northeast to become the world were Socialist Party of Japan will take the opportunity to manipulate it. In mid-May 1916, "(Japan) Major General Doi (active joint captain) in Shenyang in Manchuria Railway subsidiary in Japan called on the military personnel, hold secret talks get rid of Chang Tso-lin." Ida decided to shun the help from the three villages Feng prepared lieutenant (Koro) and other components "Mongolian Daredevil group", spying news, knife training, perform the assassination mission. They must choose a lin of the opportunities, that is May 27. On this day, the Japanese Emperor's younger brother, Prince Jen busy hospital house _set_ back from Russia and Japan have been Mukden, "warlord Chang Tso-lin for the busy hospital after a house show respect" to the station on the shuttle to Mukden. To pay tribute, Chang Tso-lin also special rate their subordinates twenty-seven division fifty-three brigade Tang Yulin and other Russian by five luxury carriage, escorted by the cavalry guard, big, went to the station. Japanese Consul General in Mukden Yata also shuttle to the station. Chang Tso-lin away guests after the way home, near the small west off, suddenly bombed. Bomb from the floor in throwing out the window. Assassin is the Major of the Japanese Army when he was three villages Feng et al. However, they have not seen Chang Tso-lin, see Tang Yulin Xuan He's style, the Tang Yulin mistaken Chang Tso-lin, the bomb would invest in the Tang Yulin. Suddenly, the West Gate Street, smoke, floundered. However, due to panic assassin, bomb no, Tang Yulin, who suffered only minor injuries, behind the guard in the Guard soldiers were killed and five or six people. Two assassination attempts, did not move a hair of Chang Tso-lin, Chang Tso-lin life can be described as large. Of course, this and his failing to chaos, calmly on. Chang Tso-lin recently constructed near panic back to the general administrative office, which is later Dashuaifu. I do not know what happened to the guard, and quickly _set_ up a machine gun at the door, an emergency _set_ of guards, state of alert. Then he noticed the horse Tongshen sweat, hind legs are dripping with blood, was also injured horse stomach, knowing a major event. Department warlord guard, emergency dispatch, and immediately sealed off the Zhejiang Club, Babel Street and other surrounding areas. After a child, Tang Yulin General riding horse arrived at the administrative office, immediately asked: "Seventh Lord did not come back? Hurt yet?" Captain of the guard quickly replied: "Just come back, was not injured." Tang Yulin this a stone off the ground, calm down. Straight into the palace, quickly went to see Chang Tso-lin. Chang Tso-lin angrily asked: "Hyderabad child his mother, who did? Daizhe not?" Tang Yulin quickly replied: "ran a dead one!" Soon as he finished, the guards came in the report: "Japan Railway garrison team captain and the Consul General of Japan in Bong to sympathy. "sympathy is a fake, snooping is true. Chang Tso-lin was changing clothes, he surprised a moment of God, blurted out: "Come Haokuai Yeah, let them come!" The Japanese into the living room, tightlipped and said: "General, you are frightened!" Chang Tso-lin and their Xuyuweishe, behave if nothing had happened, it seems like nothing had happened, the sound Lang Lang said: "a small, small section, not worth mentioning, as well as workers come to see you, really sorry." Then they laughed, and then they put away the smile, a single word to say: "Well, someone hit me the idea of Chang Tso-lin, not so easy!" Japanese "See Zhang Shenseziruo can not help but secretly amazed." After the test that the assassin's body, did not find something of value. While wearing the clothing of the Chinese people, but his foot shape is obviously to wearing clogs, and can confirm that the Japanese, that is, a Japanese ronin. This time, deep-fried sheets, it is a Japanese dry. However, the Japanese were said to have hinted that the Socialist Party. In fact, Chang Tso-lin also know that the Japanese dry, but has not been a fatal injury, and also the Japanese forces in the circle, had to swallow, he will no longer pursue the matter, the matter will be dropped. Chang Tso-lin in order to appease it from unexpected events, deliberately on one occasion, publicly said: "Come on, just from the foot shape to determine the murderer, the lack of evidence, less!" There is no representations to the Japanese, this event has passed perfunctory . Years later, the last veteran of the Japanese Saionji original Tianxiong Xiong Duke's secretary oral memoirs, revealed the truth: "The murderer is a Japanese." "This conspiracy to disgrace the face of Japan." Touches to the Japanese the face of historical facts. In fact, the first time after the explosion, immediately went to the Consul General Yada-site. He saw the blast site, Flesh, "It's unspeakable." Consul General Yada "picked up the bomb did not explode, and bring back to room Taro will see Hongo, Hongo, said: 'This is Japan's special gunpowder.'" At that time the Japanese to understand Japanese is that they dry. This event, making Chang Tso-lin, a certain awareness of the Japanese. He knows that when the Japanese puppet is very dangerous. This is the first time the Japanese bombing of Chang Tso-lin.
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Straight Anhui war, the development of the south
Immediate area, the military cynical, an Italian main battle. Cao Kun in the morning to 9 at swearing-in ceremony in Tianjin, the Front commander in chief to send Wu Pei-fu. Wu Pei-fu Declaration, "will lead a three services, vertical God here, drive the old section, punish Xiao Xu. So his troops were Route Expeditionary Army." Headquarters in Baoding, Gaobeidian to headquarters. Gearing up efforts to prepare for. 12, Zhang has made a power, said: "Upon detection by province by Beijing, and 13 sent Yao Buying, handwritten confession was Yun Pei and other assignments, and has given the military appointed the Third Army, to give the ocean $ 120,000 to recruit Eastern Province criminals, in the mountains or along the route disrupt the Middle East Eastern Province, within the Fengtien care subscribed to contain Feng provincial troops. "Since you have sent spies to my Wanxi Guangdong trouble, I am even more reason to send troops to fight you. The power finally said: "Zuolin the apprenticeship, for the Republic of Zhuchu Jiandang, as head of state to restore freedom, Kinki save millions of people in dire straits. If national calamity did not understand the party evil is not removed, the village is still refusing to spin." Chang Tso-lin side of the post advertised national power, sent troops into the off side of the war. Mukden forces led by the Chang Tso-lin, 27th Infantry Division troops advance into sheets to make off with, then Fengtien gradually westward to Junliangcheng as the center, assembled in Tianjin, north near the warehouse, about 70,000 people, to Anhui enormous pressure on the military. July 10, Duan issued a total attack order. 14, the straight sides formally Anhui war, to 19 cease-fire, end to add up to a total of six days, the real fight is only 3 days. Anhui straight victory defeat. East battlefield, to help direct the military operations as Fengtien, fighting greatly enhanced. Served as commander in chief command in Langfang Xu Shuzheng, Wei Di, such as tiger, leaving the army, fled to Beijing without a fight. East border guards have lost command, the ranks of chaos, had to surrender. 19, the war saw the hopeless situation Duan supervision, the proposed cease-fire, power to resign. President Shichang sighting. Duan admitted four point pain: punishment Xu Shuzheng; dissolution of border guards; dissolution Anfu department; to dissolve the new parliament. Direct Anhui war ended this way. Since then, Chang Tso-lin to the northeast as a base to expand their influence within the customs together with the immediate control of the Beijing government, in May 1921 and Mongolia and Sinkiang Jinglue Shi, moderate heat, police, Sui Sandu system. In December, support for Liang Shiyi cabinet, trying to control the Beijing government, with immediate conflicts.
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Straight Bong two wars, Songling defection
April 1922, launched the first direct instructions from the war. After the defeat of Chang Tso-lin to rely on "Northeast parliament" elected their own chief of security for the Northeast, announced that the Northeast autonomy. September 1924 to start a second straight Feng war, defeat the Warlord, control the Northern Government. November 1925, his troops Guo Songling anti-Ge, Xun accounting Jinzhou, Xinmin, the Shenyang emergency. Zhang at the expense of southern Manchuria, eastern Inner Mongolia in exchange for Japan's interests to send troops to interfere, to pull through. Repaired after the suspect abandoned with Wu Pei-fu, and joint Yan Xishan, Zhang Zongchang other and work together to fight for Feng National Army, re-accounted Tianjin, Beijing. Commander in chief, said An Guojun, 1926. In April 1927, killing 35 Communists Li Dazhao and other patriotic and progressive people.
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Became Marshal, Northern destruction
June 18, 1927, Chang Tso-lin military government in Beijing became the Northern army and navy Marshal, on behalf of the Republic of China to exercise the right to rule, a state supreme ruler, and the formation of the Northern warlords rule the 32nd and final session of the Cabinet as Northern The last ruler of the military regime. April 1928, in Chiang, Feng, Yan, Gui four Army's attack, Fengtien crumble. June 2, Chang Tso-lin claimed that out of Beijing.
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Huanggu bombing, Lawrence die from
Huanggutun events Because he refused to meet the unreasonable demands of the Japanese imperialists (including mining, factories, immigration and port building in Huludao, etc.), June 4, 1928 5 o'clock in the morning, when Chang Tso-lin was riding a special train from Beijing to return to Mukden sail Huanggutun near Beijing Feng, south bridge opening at least two rail interchange, the Japanese Kwantung Army was a good pre-buried bomb blew up, the troubled Lawrence was seriously injured, died the same day, at the age of 53 years.
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Character assessment
The most spineless Warlord: Chang Tso-lin to face the Japanese military patch of land to prevent Chang Tso-lin Chang Tso-lin is a very smooth one, during the Russo-Japanese War, he left to help, and so blow. Confused either Russia or Japan, are afraid to offend him, of course, and thus he offended both sides. During the Russo-Japanese War, he was mixing in the Qing, Japan and Russia between the three, deal with it smoothly. For the court's "policy of neutrality," he holds a double face attitude, both for the battles of the Russo-Japanese is a two-pronged, opportunistic and profit from the position. Experienced a complex environment temper of Chang Tso-lin, an adept ability to simultaneously deal with several enemies. In fact, Sun's relationship with Chang Tso-lin are unusual. Sun Yat-sen had received to help in Chang Tso-lin, Sun has sent his son Sun Ke and Wang Jingwei and other dignitaries arrived in the northeast of Chang Tso-lin's birthday. In Beijing, the disease in the Sun was also called to the residence of Chang Tso-lin. As a return visit, Chang Tso-lin were staying at the Sun Yat-sen Zhang to visit, dusk on the occasion of Sun Yat-sen's remarks, "You two red and white empire located between the Northeast," the extremely wise conclusion is that described in the sick bed. 1925, winter 1925, the Japanese Kwantung Army chief of staff revolted by the anti-Feng Guo Songling occasion approached Chang Tso-lin, Guo made to send troops to stop advancing. Chang Tso-lin would rather not rely on the Japanese flight, then said: "If Guo approaching the provincial capital, I intend to go to Dalian Port Arthur or take shelter, then when your help." Saito took the opportunity to advance to lay out five requirements to allow Chang Tso-lin was signed. The main contents of the five requirements is to allow the Japanese in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia region with exactly the same as Chinese people enjoy the right to freedom of residence and business, and between the islands of the executive power shift to the Japanese. Chang Tso-lin know later shouted: "Japanese black-hearted, full-circle located next _set_ of lie." And his men said: "Absolutely not agree with the request made by the Japanese, so the Northeast elders call me a traitor." Marshal House Director Zhou Dawen Telegraph recalls: "May 17, 1928, the Japanese Minister to China Hozawa Kenkichi asked to see Chang Tso-lin, Zhang Ze hanging in the living room, he cried loudly in another room, said:" The Japanese do not speak friendship, to take advantage of coercion, to exclude the Chou Pinang I do not, and can not sell the rights of States, so people call me a traitor, called the younger children and grandchildren have followed the scolded, it can not do! " Mr. Powell, who that year in China as a Western newspaper, "Weekly Review" editor, who interviewed Chang Tso-lin, Chang Tso-lin says that he was interested in to China's reunification. The Americans are returning, wrote in his memoirs, also expressed the humble origin of Marshal respect. Although long-term in the Northeast under the iron heel of the Japanese warlord, Chang Tso-lin is often not follow orders, but the final nail, he deserved a patriotic Chinese.
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Tomb of Chang Tso-lin
Chang Tso-lin tomb. Lawrence of who the "King of the Northeast," Chang Tso-lin tomb is located in the western end of Rock Hill Town Stagecoach Fangcun fruit trees in the forest. August 1984, Jinzhou Municipal People's Government to the grave as Chang Tso-lin key units, and carving a granite garden sign stand, incised Weibei body, "Chang Tso-lin cemetery."
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English Expression
: Zhang Zuolin
n.: Zhang Zuo-lin, a warlord in Manchuria in the 1920's
Thesaurus
yuting
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the Repbulic of China (1912-1949) Characters
war of resistance against aggression
east Union soldiers, or Union troops (in the American Civil War)