[Chinese] general relativity in astronomy verify entries Foreign entry] [astronomical tests of general relativity [for those] Zhou Yuan Astronomical observations with the astronomical phenomena and methods to verify the correctness of general relativity. General relativity is the theory of the gravitational interaction. In astronomical phenomena, often dominated by gravity. For a series of critical tests of general relativity, by astronomical observation to complete. After the establishment of general relativity, Einstein proposed three ways to observe the test of general relativity can be concluded: the effect of weak gravitational field, cosmological effects, effects of gravitational waves. Weak gravitational field observations using the sun's gravitational field-effect work for was the most sophisticated. Mainly in the following areas: General relativity predicted gravitational redshift, spectral lines emitted from the surface of the sun and the Earth compared to the same atomic spectral lines, longer wavelength (red shift), the amount of movement equal to the speed of 0.6 kilometers per second, the amount of movement of the Doppler effect. 1960s and early test results, the observed value (1.05 ± 0.05) × the theoretical value. Light deflection general relativity predicts that when the light through the gravitational field of the sun after its direction to be deflected deflection angle Where the light is the shortest distance from the center of the sun (the solar radius units). When using total solar eclipse observed changes in the location of more stars, or the use of solar cover or passing near the ecliptic when the observed radio sources radio source position changes can be the test. 1975 observations is α-1.02 ± 0.03, the ratio coefficient (1.007 ± 0.009) × 175. Orbits of the planets anomalous perihelion precession before the establishment of the general theory of relativity, the perihelion of Mercury has to know Newton's theory can not explain the anomalous precession, every 4311 years. Einstein used general relativity calculations for every 4303 years, the two almost equal. Other objects of the perihelion precession abnormal values (per hundred value) Table: Radar echo delay of general relativity predicts that when launched from the planet Earth within the gravitropic radar signal and receive its echo, if by radar near the Sun, the echo time is not near the sun than the delays through. Timely on the planet (see the apparent motion of the planets), for this experiment. ﹑ On Mercury Venus observations is the theoretical value of 1.015 times; of planetary probes, "Sailor" No. 6, 7 observations, but also consistent with the theoretical value. In cosmology is the most important test of predictions on the expansion of the universe. 1929 found that the spectra of galaxies with redshifts proportional to the distance (see Hubble's law), this is a doctrine to support expansion of the universe (see Big Bang cosmology). Theory of gravity waves on the first observation test was completed in 1978. Radio pulsars psr1913 +16 by two compact stars) consisting of binary, it more than four years of monitoring of the observation, we found that it systematically orbital period shorter, observations and theoretical calculations by the gravitational radiation damping results consistent.
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guangyi xiangduilun de tianwenxue yanzheng Verification of general relativity in astronomy astronomical tests of general relativity Astronomical observations with the astronomical phenomena and methods to verify the correctness of general relativity. General relativity is the theory of the gravitational interaction. In astronomical phenomena, often dominated by gravity. For a series of critical tests of general relativity, by astronomical observation to complete. After the establishment of general relativity, Einstein proposed three ways to observe the test of general relativity can be concluded: ① the effects of weak gravitational field, ② cosmological effects, ③ gravitational wave effect. Weak gravitational field observations using the sun's gravitational field-effect work for was the most sophisticated. Mainly in the following areas: ① general relativity predicted gravitational redshift, spectral lines emitted from the surface of the sun and the Earth compared to the same atomic spectral lines, longer wavelength (red shift), the amount of movement equal to the speed of 0.6 kilometers per second, the amount of movement of the Doppler effect . 1960s and early test results, the observed value (1.05 ± 0.05) × the theoretical value. ② light deflection general relativity predicts that when the light through the gravitational field of the sun after its direction to be deflected deflection angle □ □ of light where the shortest distance from the center of the sun (in units of solar radii). More use of the total solar eclipse observed changes in the position of stars, or the use of solar cover or passing near the ecliptic when the observed radio sources radio source position changes can be the test. 1975 observation is □ α □ -1.02 ± 0.03, the ratio coefficient (1.007 ± 0.009) × 1 □ 75. ③ unusual planetary orbits perihelion precession before the establishment of the general theory of relativity, the perihelion of Mercury has to know Newton's theory can not explain the anomalous precession per century 43 □ 11. Einstein used general relativity calculations for each of years 43 □ 03, the two almost equal. Other objects of the perihelion precession abnormal values (per hundred value) Table: ④ radar echo delay of general relativity predicts that when launched from the planet Earth within the gravitropic radar signal and receive its echo, if by radar near the Sun, the echo time is not near the sun than the delays through. Timely on the planet (see the apparent motion of the planets), for this experiment. Of Mercury, Venus observations is the theoretical value of 1.015 times; of planetary probes, "Mariner" 6,7 observations, but also consistent with the theoretical value. In cosmology is the most important test of predictions on the expansion of the universe. 1929 found that the spectra of galaxies with redshifts proportional to the distance (see Hubble's law), this is a doctrine to support expansion of the universe (see Big Bang cosmology). Theory of gravity waves on the first observation test was completed in 1978. Radio pulsar PSR1913 +16 is composed of two compact stars) form a binary, it more than four years of monitoring of the observation, we found that it's orbital period shorter systematically, observations and theoretical calculations by the gravitational radiation damping results consistent. (Zhou Yuan)