Changshan radix dichroae, the species included in the Chinese plant in the database of toxic plants and their toxicity to a small drug. Overview: This product is yellow saxifrage plants Changshan dichrooa febrifuga lour.'s Roots. Fall harvest. Dry. Students used with or fried. 【Latin Name】: medicinal plants of radix dichroae dichroa febrifuga lour (British) antifebrile dichroa root Alstonia alias, South Changshan, white Changshan, mutual grass Hengshan Aescin Alstonia Fanwei wood. Plant morphology deciduous shrub, branchlets often 4 blunt edges, sparsely short-haired yellow. Leaves opposite, elliptic or obovate oblong, margin serrulate, childhood both sides are brown short hair; petiole length of 1.5 ~ 5cm, sometimes sparsely pubescent. Corymbose panicles, rachis and pedicels are hair; flowers blue, calyx teeth 5 to 6 crack; petals 5 to 6 fold; stamens 10 to 20, Style 4, 6, connected together at first base. A few berries completely inferior, dark blue, with persistent calyx teeth and style. 5 July flowering, fruit of 8 to 9 months. In forests, roadsides, or stream. Primary production in Sichuan and Guizhou. 8 ~ 10 months collect and digging roots, washed to remove fine roots and dried. Root traits cylindrical, often curved reverse, or branch, long 9 ~ 15cm, diameter of 0.5 ~ 2cm, surface brown, with thin vertical stripes, the skin easy to peel, flake yellow wood exposed at the Ministry. Top of a rhizome root. Quality hard, cross-section of yellow-white, ray white; center or into the empty white pith. Odorless, bitter taste. Chemical Composition】 【Traditional Chinese Medicine: The root contains about 0.1% of total alkaloids, of which Changshan base (base B Changshan, febrifugin, β-dichroine), abnormal mountain base (alkali Changshan A, isofebrifugin, α-dichroine) and Changshan base C ( γ-dichroine), the antimalarial active ingredients. Changshan times with another base (dichroidine), 4 - quinazolinone (4-quinazolone) and a hygroscopic alkaloids. In addition. Still contain two neutral substances: umbelliferone (Chang Shan Su A, unbeliferone, dichrin a, 7 - hydroxycoumarin), Changshan prime B (dichrin b). The taste of cold, spicy, bitter. Indications cut malaria, expectorant. For malaria. 【Alias】 Huang Changshan, Alstonia, chicken style, strength of character wood, white Changshan, large golden sword, Shu Qi [leaf] 【Source】 This Saxifragaceae plants Changshan dichroa febrifuga lour.'s Dried root. The young leaves called "Shu Qi", also for medicinal purposes. Fall root excavation, removal of fibrous roots, washed and dried. Leaves collected in summer and dried. 【Method】 Changshan: to remove impurities, separate size, soak, run through, cut into thin slices, dried in the sun. Fried Changshan: Take Changshan, photographs fried method (Appendix Ⅱ d) the mere mention of deep fry. 】 【Medication should avoid: upright weak, sick and infirm Jifu. ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "Wuling elderly, chronic illness service it, should not have." ② "Annotations of Materia Medica": "Wei Yu Sapporo." ③ "medicinal theory": "bogey onions." ④ "Materia Medica Mongolia Quan ":" avoid chicken. "⑤" Ben Cao Jing Shu ":" Malaria not due to malaria and sputum volume due Convicted drink with. " 【Alias】: Mutual grass (the "Classic"), Hengshan, Aescin ("Wu Pu Materia Medica"), Alstonia (Hongjing), Fan Wei wood (Hou Ning very "drug spectrum") 【Name】 prescription: Changshan, raw Changshan, Alstonia, Huang Changshan, fried Changshan, Sunburn Changshan, Changshan wine, vinegar Changshan, cooked Changshan etc. Changshan write prescriptions, Alstonia, yellow means the Health Changshan Changshan. As the original drug to impurities, were run through slicing medicine. Longer than the Bay spit. Sunburn, also known as fried Changshan Changshan. Stir-fry until the mixture gently to yellowish Changshan medicine tablets were. Wine and vinegar Changshan Changshan Changshan films were used as wine or vinegar shower spray mix, slightly moistening exhaustion, and then slow fire were fried yellow medicine. Longer than the cut-off malaria. Changshan is cooked fried Changshan, Changshan wine, vinegar Changshan collectively. 【Product Name】: Changshan, Huang Changshan, Alstonia to hard and weight, section pale yellow, dry and free of impurities are preferred. Identification】 【raw medicinal herbs: dried root of cylindrical, often divided, bending torsion, length 10 to 15 cm in diameter and about 0.3 to 2 cm. Surface yellowish brown, with a clear thin vertical stripes and support root traces, cork and easy peeling, showing the yellow xylem. Quality hard, flying powder when broken. Yellow-white cross-section, water was seen after the wet white rays arranged radially. Tubers cylindrical and nearly block. In addition to the central cross-sectional myelinated, the other are the same as the root of the cross section. Gas faint, bitter taste. Solid and heavy quality, shaped like a chicken bone, the surface and section of yellow, smooth is preferred, root diameter Changshun straight, quality pine, deep yellow color, no bitterness are not medicine. Microscopic identification: root cross-section: number of columns cork cork layer cells. Cortex is very thin, a small number of cells containing resin blocks or bundles of calcium oxalate raphides. Phloem narrow, thin-walled cells containing resin or needle crystal beam; phloem ray width 1-9 cells, 3-6 cells were more common. Cambium into the ring. Accounted for most of the root xylem, vessel polygonal, diameter 24-60μm, often a single or a few scattered radial arrangement of yellow Category intraductal round when the invasion of filling body; wood fiber is small, strong wood of the wall; wood parenchyma cells polygonal, walls of wood; wood ray width 2-9 rows of cells, cell type square. This product is thin-walled cells containing starch grains. Powder: light yellow single grain type starch granules ① round, elliptic or oblong, diameter 3-14μm, umbilical points, laminated not obvious; complex particles smaller particles formed by 2-3 points. ② more than bundles of calcium oxalate raphides present in the spindle or oblong cells, needle crystal length to 80μm. ③ class polygonal parenchyma cells of wood or long polygonal, thicker wall, was Lianzhu shaped pits small spots, more dense. ④ slender wood fiber, diameter 12-40μm, thicker walls, pits a little sparse, small. ⑤ scalariform bordered pits vessel diameter of about 25μm. In addition, we can see resin blocks, remnants of cork cells. ⑥ odorless, bitter taste. Identification】 【 (1) cross-section of the product: cork cells in series. Narrow cortex, a small number of cells containing resin blocks or bundles of calcium oxalate raphides. Phloem narrow beam of calcium oxalate raphides more. Was irregular wavy cambium ring. Accounts for the main part of the xylem are lignified, ray varies in width; catheter polygon, a single or a few scattered together, some filled with yellow invasion of the body. Parenchyma cells containing starch grains. (2) take the product powder of about 2g, plus 70% ethanol 10ml, refluxed for 15 minutes, let cool, filtered, the filtrate evaporated and the residue plus 1% hydrochloric acid solution, 2ml, mixing, filtration. Take filtrate, potassium iodine test solution 2 drops of bismuth, which produce brown precipitate. 】 【Tropism of taste bitter, acrid, cold; toxic. In the lungs, liver, heart. 【Indication】 cut malaria, robbery sputum. For malaria. Shu Qi Indications and Changshan come first, but the effect is somewhat less. Dosage 5 ~ 9g. 【Note】 have emetic side effects, dosage should not be too big, pregnant women with caution. 【Storage】 home ventilated and dry place. Extract】 【"Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 】 【Research: from "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing." ① Hongjing: "Changshan, the Yidu, Jianping, thin solid yellow who called for the Alstonia, with the most wins." ② "The sketches by": "Changshan, this West Beijing, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan gun have it. Haizhou out who leaves like catalpa leaves, eight feet, with bonus white, sub-Bise, like mountains and small sub-Melia. May, leaf collection, taken in August root, dried. These two taste as antimalarial The most important thing. " Changshan ("The Classic") 【Name】 each different grass (the "Classic"), Hengshan, Aescin ("Wu Pu Materia Medica"), Alstonia (Hongjing), Fan Wei wood (Hou Ning very "drug spectrum"). 【Source】 Changshan as yellow saxifrage root plants. Huang Changshan】 【plant morphology Born in shaded moist mountain, or cultivated in the understory. Distribution of Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places. The tender branches and leaves of plants (Shu Qi) is also available for medicinal, and the other details of special articles. 【Collection】 fall excavation, remove stems and fibrous roots seedlings, wash, dry. Root dry ingredients】 【cylindrical, often divided, bending torsion, length 10 to 15 cm in diameter and about 0.3 to 2 cm. Surface yellowish brown, with a clear thin vertical stripes and support root traces, cork and easy peeling, showing the yellow xylem. Quality hard, flying powder when broken. Yellow-white cross-section, water was seen after the wet white rays arranged radially. Nearly cylindrical and block foundation class. In addition to the central cross-sectional myelinated, the other are the same as the root of the cross section. Gas weak, ignorant of the suffering. Solid and heavy quality, shaped like a chicken bone, the surface and section of yellow, smooth is preferred, root diameter Changshun straight, quality pine, deep yellow color, no bitterness are not medicine. Main strict in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan. In addition, Hubei, Guangxi is also produced. Chemical Composition】 【active ingredient Huang Huang Changshan Changshan base, referred to Changshan base, the root contains about 0.1% of total alkaloids, the main base for the yellow Changshan A, B and C, three for the tautomer. Huang Changshan also be included, and 4 - quinazolinone, umbelliferone and so on. Isolated from the root and leaf out of the cooling base and different cooling base, corresponding to the yellow base B and Huang Changshan Changshan base armor. Leaf contains the total _set_ of about 0.5% alkaloids, of which Huang Changshan alkali content than the root of the number 10 to 20 times. Another containing a small amount of trimethylamine. ① 【antimalarial pharmacological effects Changshan root water extract of chicken malaria a significant effect, Changshan leaves (Shu Qi) is the root of antimalarial potency of 5 times. But can not prevent recurrence. Changshan all bases quinine antimalarial potency about 26 times. Changshan base A, B, C of the chicken malaria quinine were titer of 1,100 and 150 times. Changshan base B of the titer of duck malaria quinine 100 times. C on the Canary malaria Changshan base, a monkey malaria are also effective. In the past, the traditional anti-malarial combination side will Changshan and betel nut, but after the chicken malaria test, no antimalarial effect of arecoline itself, we can not enhance the effectiveness of antimalarial Changshan base B, B can not fight due to vomiting Changshan alkali, anti- Changshan can increase toxicity. ② the role of anti-amoeba B Changshan vitro alkaline role amoeba was stronger than that by Miding; in immature rats after amoeba infection by Miding effect than high therapeutic index, according to Miding large than 1 times. ③ antipyretic effect Changshan crude extract of artificial fever in rabbits with antipyretic effect. Rat oral Changshan base C, the cooling effect is stronger than aspirin. ④ other roles Anesthetized dogs intravenous Changshan base A, B, C can lower blood pressure, breathing did not change significantly, spleen, kidney volume increased, the heart contraction amplitude decreases, both on the inhibition of isolated rabbit hearts, so blood pressure is due to expansion of visceral blood vessels and cardiac depression, the reign of the uterus in anesthetized dogs, rabbits and rats from the pregnant uterus are excited, not pregnant uterus on the role of uncertainty, on the monkey's blood pressure and contraction of the role of the uterus and other similar dose of quinine. Changshan outside the flooding liquid and in vivo (mice), and influenza A virus pr6 a certain extent. Changshan base C in vitro of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells of a certain killing effect. ⑤ body process Rats were well absorbed orally Changshan base B, left soon after intravenous injection of blood, most located in the kidney, heart, liver, muscle, fat and spleen, followed by very little blood. Only 16% of the prototype by the urine, feces few, little bile. Continuous base Mouse to Changshan B or C 14 days, the growth was inhibited, and most had diarrhea, autopsy congestion or hemorrhage of gastrointestinal mucosa, liver, kidney yellow. Another report, repeat C mice Changshan alkali degeneration can cause liver swelling, rabbits intravenous Changshan C is able to raise blood sugar base. Changshan alkali oral median lethal dose in mice (mg / kg) were: B, 6.57 ± 0.47; C, 0.45 ± 0.31; total alkaloids was 7.79 ± 1.30; B toxicity Bi Kuining about 150 times a large, toxic alkaloids Quinine is about 123 times. Intravenous injection of oral toxicity is inversely proportional to C major (mice). Processing】 【Changshan: pick to the impurities, after soaking a little fish out of water, run through, sliced, dried in the sun. Wine Changshan: Take tablets with rice wine and mix well Changshan, slightly moistening, and placing the pot slightly yellow with a gentle heat fry, remove and let cool, (100 pounds per piece Changshan 10 to 20 pounds with a rice wine) vinegar Changshan: Take tablets with Changshan rice vinegar stir-fry as above method. (100 kg each piece with a vinegar Changshan 10 to 20 kg) ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "Where the Changshan, mining roots and leaves in spring, Jiujin night, to the Ming Luk out on dry, boil stir." ② "Introduction to Medicine": "Students with a very large spit Changshan, steamed or fried Jiujin day, or cooked in vinegar, then of the swelling of the liver and not spit." 【】 Kuxin of taste, cold, toxic. ① "The Classic": "bitter, cold." ② "Do not Catalog": "acrid, slightly cold, poisonous." ③ "medicinal theory": "bitter, a small drug." Meridian】 【hepatic, spleen. ① "concocted herbal solutions Thunder": "hepatic through." ② "Drugs of justice": "Rupi through." ③ "to the drug sub-agent": "human lung, heart, liver and three by." 【Indications】 Chutan function, cut malaria; treatment of malaria, M. scrofulaceum. ① "The Classic": "Lord typhoid fever chills and fever, temperature and malaria, chest phlegm Results Tuni." ② "Do not Catalog": "Expansion of water treatment, Sasa aversion to cold, rat fistula." ③ "medicinal theory": "governance of various malaria, spit spit, to cold and heat, under Gall." ④ "Introduction to Medicine": "accumulation of anti-malarial mother and belly, evil ruffian Results Kennedy disease. ' ⑤ "Materia Medica is": "Governance mad, epilepsy, epilepsy dedication." Usage and Dosage】 Oral: decoction, 1 to 3 money; or into pills, powder. Taboo】 【upright weak, sick and infirm Jifu. ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "Wuling elderly, chronic illness service it, should not have." ② "Annotations of Materia Medica": "Wei Yu Sapporo." ③ "medicinal theory": "bogey onions." ④ "Ben Cao Meng Quan": "avoid chicken." ⑤ "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "Malaria not due to malaria and sputum volume due Convicted drink with." 【】 ① governance Sam Rainsy Party election malaria malaria, cold and heat exchanges, or the 2nd three-day situation as: Changshan (file), Magnolia (to bark, ginger juice cooked Sunburn) and one each in two of Alpinia (peeled), nutmeg (shell) of the two, ebony (and nuclear) seven, and betel nut (file), licorice (Sunburn) half and half two. On Qiwei, coarse sieve pound, each serving two money dagger, a water, simmer till six, to sediment, the cold climate, not made before the service, such as hot food that is spit. ("San Franciscans overall record," Changshan drink) ② by Yang actual malaria treatment: Changshan (Jiuchao), strawberry (simmer), betel nut, Magnolia, blue, orange peel, licorice decile.水酒 half and half fry, exposed it, made at the morning warm clothes. ("Easy simple side" cut malaria Qibao drink) ③ governance chest phlegm, headaches and alcohol do not Yushi: Changshan four ounces, licorice half two. Seven liters of water, Zhuqu three liters, within half a liter of honey, a liter of service, do not spit out even more clothes. No honey can be. ("Filled the rear elbow") 【Application】 ① treatment of clinical malaria Alstonia rugosa with tablets, each containing 0.08 g Changshan adults a course of total 2.64 grams (33), each 0.24 g on day 1, 2 to 5 days per 0.16 g, for 3 days times are 1 hour in cold water before meals, swallowed, lying still for half an hour after the service r, 1 hour fast before and after taking a hot drink, to prevent nausea and vomiting. According to 1926 cases observed: a symptom control: observation of 668 on day 1, the control rate of 59.1%; 475 7-day observation, the control rate of 91.6%. Second, negative malaria: Plasmodium vivax malaria into 298 1-day observation, negative rate of 56.7%; 306 people observed the 6th day, negative conversion rate was 76.8%; 304 7-day observation, negative rate of 68.8%. Three-day observation of malaria on day 1 and 103, negative rate of 25.2%; 5-day observation of 60 people, negative rate of 81.7%; observed on day 7 and 20, negative rate of 75%. Falciparum malaria observed on day 1 437 people, negative rate of 37.1%; 412 5 days observation, negative rate of 52.9%; 385 7-day observation, negative rate of 47.3%. Observation of mixed infection on day 1 of 46 people, blocking transfer rate of 31.0%; observed on day 5 and 34, negative rate of 44.1%; observed on day 7 and 29, negative rate of 48.1%. Three side-effects (mainly nausea, vomiting, etc.): Day 1 1270 were observed, there rate of 49.1%; 1033 were observed on day 7, there rate of 9.3%. Changshan also made of injection, or with Pinellia (decrease vomiting), composed of Bupleurum compound for the treatment of existing disease or anti-malaria relapse, have a certain effect. ② The Ramsey giardiasis Changshan money decoction with 2 day 1 for 7 days. Had treated one case of cirrhosis complicated with portal vein Ramsey giardiasis patients, medication after loose stools, bloating and other symptoms were improved, stool examination was negative, observed for 3 months no recurrence. Famous paper】 【① "Yan Yi Herbal Supplement": "Changshan, sexual violence defended, good expulsion, can break its infuriating, Yan had also not work. The patient almost empty little scared, not available also.. ② "outline": "Changshan, Shu Qi, a cross-sectional malaria sputum robbed of power, to be presented in positive divergence and the points table after the evil, used properly, Shen Xiao Li see, with missing the law will hurt infuriating. Husband malaria six by malaria, the five internal organs malaria, sputum, wet, food product, all malaria epidemic malaria, to be split by the actual situation, not an introduction also. Changshan, Shu Qi, students will use the uplink spit, fry Steamed has slowed down with the gas , not less emetic as well. have licorice then spit; too big Huangze Li; was ebony, Ling Li is a portal triad; have wheat, bamboo is into the heart; have kaoliang cereals, ephedra is human lung; have keel, monkshood then into the kidney; have grass fruit, betel nut is Rupi, no cap no sputum malaria, two objects of power, water Ersi also expel phlegm. Ying Yang Earth "directed side," Cloud, Changshan anti-malaria, all to the thin, malaria yellow house more animals spit water retention or stop the heart, or in closing arguments threat, the students are cold and heat, by-law when spitting water, Changshan How can we allow no water in the coke, the Changshan can spit the water in the Xiexia , the Changshan can break down the bleach the water, subject to the Blood Circulation of drugs Sasuke, will receive the power Shiquan. that they have made malaria Shun Yeung, or within the real heat of the card Yun, vote Changshan, drip down the stool , it seems to vent does not leak are required to use the North Huang Zuo, vent benefit a few lines, and then be more also. and Li Tao Yun, Lingnan malaria, cold and heat feel, evil and more in the business health pork skin between the desire to skin pores in the miasma fundamental, Hill is not very much, but the people of spit, but to service the cold Qibao bulk, that does not spit, and the experience also. " ③ "Tong Xuan Materia Medica": "Changshan, secular news Raytown elderly, chronic illness of the Ring, then Changshan as steep as the agent, not knowing Changshan hair spit, but many students use and used as a natural, and licorice counterparts, then there will certainly spit If Jiujin fry, but the money promised, I will perform outstanding for each use, are also not reflected, or spit. " ⑤ "Herbal summary": "Changshan, power post-robbery section of sputum malaria, that the mother, mother of pearl, grass and fruit of various malaria treatment, malaria was cinnabar to rob sputum may betel nut, strawberry malaria malaria treatment, malaria was licorice Zhifei may tempeh, ebony, bamboo kidney malaria treatment, have wheat, temperature and light bamboo malaria treatment, malaria was berberine treatment for a long time, was mica, keel female malaria treatment alone cold, too ephedra, licorice, oysters, oyster malaria treatment alone hot. " ⑥ "Materia Medica of justice": "Heng, Shu Qi, this is one thing, the smell are hard and cold, Xiere break junction, Jiangni under the gas, open sputum by water, the use of the same as those. And the" after "" Do not record "contained in the attending, and its purpose can be seen." Do not record "Naiweishuqi tepid, fear not credible, although the" after "to cure malaria Kennedy, swelling of the liver end, accumulation, like non-bitter cold of the goods can be handled, then This material is able to open end of the broken product, are the main phlegm, the accumulation of the non-government Ning Han swelling of the liver and, therefore, the main typhoid fever chills and fever, sputum Results of water swelling, Keni rat fistula, evil Tuni all evidence, both are hot sputum simmers a way, not stating that his cold syndrome and treatment. The special master of a wet malaria disease, malaria is Fanshu between evil heat and cold, off for the times, are all wet condensate sputum volume, remain in the tunnel by the ancients that no sputum per not a malaria, not a malaria-free product, if not the first release of the phlegm stagnation, the root cause of the coil end, finally ending when the cold and heat. Hengshan purposes, this is fast sputum open water, wash wet plot as such, is to the "Classic", "Do not record" are mainly that of anti-malarial drugs, and their descendants mud in a law Zhongjing Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Bupleurum main malaria who know more than conceivable Hengshan main malaria but a few. It turned out Bupleurum antimalarial only a part of the main evil in the meridian, while at the phlegm stagnation, can not be taken into account, but gradually becoming Yan who made appropriate, and later used by early, will not be cut when; but Hengshan antimalarial, can clear the account of the Accumulation, Jue its root plants, the cold and heat by virtue of nothing evil, but not to malaria since it is Bupleurum still treat the symptoms, and governance of the Hengshan is the people. "Yan Chai directed at" the invention of the true purpose of Hengshan main malaria, the most Che is a hole background, through deep exploration of micro. ancients there were claims that post-primary malaria malaria been drawn up to the vicious South quotidian, is simply suffocating heat, the plot in The Crossing, has to lead the phlegm ears. Li Tao that Lingnan miasma moving more in the business health of their evil flesh between the skin and pores in the miasma want to go to the root of evil, is not very mountain. Yu Li of the drugs that temperature, multi-inhaled by the nose and mouth, _set_ in the lung and stomach, with condensate sputum wet plot Consistency, Sui-sheng Li band. Hengshan malaria treatment, but also to treat them, including the wet sputum, out of the evil of its non-cured, Lee of the theory is still plausible. Jing Yue mad epilepsy treatment epilepsy, which claims Jue also whichever Open vent sputum knot, in order to calm the fire above the red reverse. but Hengshan in the "Materia Medica" made it clear that his government Tuni solid, and "Do not record" in Shu Qi article, is a spit of sentence, after stating that his income then The strong medicine for the vomiting agent, a few are scared, terrified intended. although men say that Shu Qi as the Miao, Hengshan is the root, the nature of vegetation, for every root Zhu downstream, upstream of the reason stems seedlings, the two properties have different customers, However, "The Classic" article in the Shu Qi, also grouped with governance Keni one, both cough, rule against, it is also still a drawdown of the goods, while stating that his anti-vomiting, was not "the by," " Do not record "contrary? but Shu Qi solid fishy own saliva; so ancient grass droppings, grass alias duck feces, not Su in lung and stomach, phlegm stasis person, touch this fishy saliva, but also easy to disturbance of their Zhuoqi, citing the gag, but in fact is able to Jiangni open end, is not known for more than Bay, and suppression of sputum in the coke, the more the lead and is also the Dhamma in order to eliminate the Accumulation, husband it not be, and security has love not to go, raising risk of reason Yi carbuncle? then wash the saliva Gou, then only the following vent Zougong, without taking into account its own on the pan, clean wash away the ancient that its fishy, and Suanku with the use, can lead evil bile , that is the purpose. near the lake that Changshan, Shu Qi has the power Xiaotan cut malaria must be evil in both bulk form, made after the positive points, used properly, see Shen Xiao Li, who on the very pertinent. Changshan cover the power, specializing in open drain phlegm, if the evil in the table points, the force of the reach of the non-and Jiangni Sanjie, also known for the following line, if the negative points into malaria Pat evil, the bitter cold of the containment of, the more depressed by the difficulties and, more carry no way out. near Lake also said that the students use, multi-purpose, then spit on the behavior, fry less, do not cause vomiting, are the students did not go with the fishy saliva, vomit easily cited, speculation of the _set_tlement the power of the more special, since no Shangni. and that the spit was licorice, ... ... fragmentary theory of governance, to its own management. but broke down open vent, the force also completion, it is appropriate evidence, not the imaginary person. If long malaria Qi, who without positive sputum, can not jump to trial, stating that his sexual violence have been defended Danxi good at expulsion, injury upright, virtual mood is not available also. " -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --- Hengshan northwest Hebei Quyang today, Han, Song Emperor avoid taboo to Changshan (Han Emperor, Emperor Song names are constant.) Hengshan County Qin and Han also had changed the Changshan county (countries), government Yuanshi (now County, northwest). Western Jin Chang Shan Gunji really be (now definite the South, Don began to present positive definite.) Sui is the identity state Hengshan County. Tang Youheng (town) State Changshan County. Tempo has been used in the Ping Shan, and later with the name of Hengshan, Yuan later changed to Mouzon Changshan still taboo. Another: Lu village Changshan is a large village, population 2,000, is one of the largest village in the town. -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation deputy chief engineer of the Institute Changshan 703 Changshan, male, June 1965 students. A city of Heilongjiang Province, people. Ph.D., postdoctoral researcher, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation 703 Research Institute Research Professor, Deputy Chief Engineer. In recent years, Changshan comrades in research, teaching and development of such models to assume the important work and achieved outstanding results. Main research directions: carrying capacity of gears, gear modification, gear dynamics, the dynamic design of gear boxes, gears and transmission components of the vibration mode analysis and experimental research. As destroyers, nuclear submarines, aircraft carriers and other ships with high-power main reduction gear power transmission device using a variety of joint or alternating drivers, such as the diesel - fuel alternative, wood - diesel, fuel - fuel, steam - fired combined power and so on, so ship Transmission both high-speed gears, heavy duty, vibration and noise performance requirements of high power and multi-branch structure of machine and vehicle characteristics, representing leading design technology of gear level. Successfully developed a new type of main gear box has been delivered to the Navy in the new guided missile destroyer (known as the "Divine the first ship") to run well, led by experts and higher praise. Comrades and join the auspices of the completion Changshan defense "August" three key research projects, the National Natural Science Foundation 1, the State Education Commission Doctoral Foundation of China 1, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 1. Participate in the successful development of high-power synchronous clutch automatic high-speed power to meet the ship combined diesel and gas power plant requirements, to fill the gap, reaching the advanced level of similar foreign products will codog, codag, cogog, cogag, cosag and other joint power devices are widely used. These two results have won the second prize of science and technology Corporation (the first and seventh winner). In order to improve the academic and technical level, went to Belgium, the United States and other technologically advanced countries and the United Kingdom for advanced technology, design strategy and management of learning and academic exchanges, and promptly applied to practical research and management work. Hosted and participated in "Ninth Five-Year" key scientific research project on "the best gear box design, low noise design and measurement technology and reliability research", "transmission parts cad database research", etc. 4. In academic conferences and has published over 40 papers. In terms of graduate education, guidance and help guide the master 4, to help guide the doctor 2. Served in a number of academic and community: Association of Chinese young scientists, the National Standardization Technical Committee of gear, the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society of Mechanical Transmission Branch Youth Work Committee members, "Thermal Power Engineering," the magazine Editor, Heilongjiang Institute of Vibration Engineering Director , the Standing Committee of Heilongjiang Province, China Youth Federation and so on. As a follow-ship missile destroyers developed by the main turbine gear units, deputy director of design, as a new missile frigates and car gear box equipment and the development of the project technical director. 1, people always want a little spirit In 1997, Changshan with honors from the Harbin Institute of Technology Ph.D., there are five in Beijing and in Shanghai, paid the recruitment of foreign owned companies, and Chongqing University, Tianjin University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Beijing China University of Mining has agreed to accept him as post-doctoral, but taking into account their own professional development, he took to enter the China Ship Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering postdoctoral postdocgoral, the implementation of the first 703 points in Harbin Institute. April 2002 to April 2003, sent by the China Scholarship Council public to do research at Ohio State University scholar, made a number of scientific research, turned down the proposed extension of foreign instructors, scheduled to return home. Commendable is that, when positive, Beijing, China sars epidemic is most serious, he and his family take practical action to overcome the Chinese expression "atypical pneumonia" in confidence. 2, all should think more about others The end of 2000, the navy and relevant departments of China Shipbuilding Industry Group, the focus on the 167-ship equipment and technology identified and results of identification. 167 active force for the turbine ship gear units, the project by the five technological breakthroughs and innovation, accounted for three main gear box. Identified during the project, the main turbine gear unit is up to points of technological progress, the most difficult technical, heavy workload, most people involved, and most have access to the National Science and Technology Progress Award of the project. However, the project developed a decade of time, technology also has a large head movements. Development of the project Changshan comrades have done a lot of technical work, he spent a year using the finite element method and the main thrust of the gear bearing the deformation under load and stress analysis for the design of a reliable data. Gears and gear modification with hard and soft design is one of the important innovations in this respect, he did a lot of theoretical analysis. As the incumbent's technical director, Changshan actively organized and participated in the preparation of gay identification of materials. In determining the list of persons, he did not his name listed. Changshan comrades said: 1) the results of scientific and technical personnel is the most important award, which related to job promotion, wages and other aspects; 2) The person in charge of the project although the old technology has been retired, but their contribution is a great project , and did technical work life, have a national award is a recognition of their work; 3) The award-winning staff places are limited, can not be responsible for items old and new people to write on, or other technical backbone is difficult to show its due value, though I am the project leader, but the contribution of technological innovation than about the other gay, are not included do not have to regret. Steam Turbine Geared Unit 167 items ship passed the Ministry of naval equipment, technology and results of identification, declaration and report to National Science and Technology Progress Award. Although the report did not list the names of Changshan, but it got old comrades Changshan technical experts and young technicians trust and praise. The project won the 2002 National Science and Technology Progress Award. 3, study diligently, the courage to technological innovation In 1998, the 113-ship plan sea training in navigation equipment, the left gear box suddenly damaged. Domestic experts and experts in Germany renk company identified 113 ships left gear box was badly damaged and can no longer use, and three pump gear and pinion shaft oil pump must be renewed, the rest of the gear for further dismantling of attachments for damage repair. 113 ships of the left main gear box after a major failure, the Navy officers and organs attach great importance to the scene to understand the situation many times, listening to the reports requested. Ship gear box 113 with the world advanced level, there are not any repair experience, the manufacturing process, the data are not available to the domestic. Germany's lifting grade Ⅱ gear pump gear replacement program, not only involved in large projects, long cycle, high cost, is more serious is likely to have adverse consequences for the overall performance of ships. To solve this problem, Xu Zhenzhong in Changshan Ph.D. advisor under the leadership of researchers, 703 technical staff co-sponsored Huff gear program, Dr. Huff Changshan gear design, gear mesh stiffness and load analysis and a variety of program has done a lot of work compared for two-Huff gear and its application of innovative technologies to make a contribution. (1) Dual Huff gear technology is a major innovation The novel dual Huff gear, the four semi-circular ring structure using a special positioning accurately to form a complete gear, its performance and overall gear rather, successfully resolved the gear assembly stiffness, connection strength, assembly location, reference precision distortion control and a series of key technical issues, is a major innovation. The investigation of new, first of its kind in the world, to fill the gaps at home and abroad for the machinery contributed to the development of science. Huff's unique dual-gear structure, and the overall axial coils gear _set_ method to the conventional radial block installation, it is particularly applicable in a limited space without having to remove large pieces of the matrix and replace their gear maintenance of discoid project. (2) to break the technological monopoly of foreign companies for the country, the army fight the light Consider the lack of information and experience in the domestic, the company originally planned to invite experts to conduct technical guidance renk. After several consultations, the German side does not provide information about design, technology does not assume any responsibility, according to the standard charging exorbitant fees, without any concessions. 113 ships left entirely on the domestic power gear box repair success, to break the technological monopoly of foreign companies and improve the technical data, training a repair team to repair accumulated experience, is a Navy research the introduction of equipment repair a major breakthrough for the country, army fight the light. (3) ensure that the 113-ship two major tasks 113 ship gearbox failure, is facing a certain type of missile tests and _set_ting visit two major tasks, gear box failure a direct impact on these two tasks. For various reasons, these two tasks must be borne by the 113-ship. 99 January, deputy commander of the Navy He Pengfei instructions: 113 ships this year, two major political task, the Navy _set_ a military order, with no escape route, be sure to succeed. As a result of the world's first dual-Huff gear innovations, successful completion of 11 days in advance of the gear box repair tasks, and perform two major tasks of 113 ships provided logistical support. (4) double application of innovative technology Hough Gear significant economic benefits created 113 ships left the gearbox in the year and a half after the repair of actual operation by 1485 hours (across the Pacific visited the United States and Canada), reliable performance, various technical indicators have reached the original design requirements, meet the requirements. 113 ships left the actual repair of the gearbox troubleshooting shared 5.6 million yuan. If the program according to the German renk companies by foreign companies for repair, the increased commitment by the domestic part of the project involved a rough estimate, to be 25 million yuan or more. Therefore, dual Hough gear technology, the domestic unit for repair, saving 2 million yuan funds, but also saves a lot of foreign exchange for the country. January 2001, the Department of the Navy sent a letter to China Shipbuilding Industry Equipment Corporation in recognition of our hospital where the 113-ship 703 major failure of the left gear box repairs made outstanding contributions. Totally dependent on the successful completion of the domestic power gear box 113 troubleshooting repair ships, foreigners can do the things we do, and foreigners can not do the things we have done it for the country to win the honor. After ten years of hard work, Changshan comrades on their own theoretical basis and strong sense of innovation and technology for the development and application of gears made outstanding contributions. In their own posts, dedicated, innovative, have achieved outstanding results :1998-2000, three consecutive years as the first 703 advanced workers, Institute of dual culture model, and won the young and middle Harbin, the fourth session of the Youth Science and Technology Award of Heilongjiang Province, the seventh "Ten Outstanding Youth of Heilongjiang Province", the national defense industry system and the honorary title of model workers.
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No. 2
Changshan ("The Classic") 【Name】 each different grass (the "Classic"), Hengshan, Aescin ("Wu Pu Materia Medica"), Alstonia (Hongjing), Fan Wei wood (Hou Ning very "drug spectrum"). 【Source】 Changshan as yellow saxifrage root plants. Huang Changshan】 【plant morphology Born in shaded moist mountain, or cultivated in the understory. Distribution of Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places. The tender branches and leaves of plants (Shu Qi) is also available for medicinal, and the other details of special articles. 【Collection】 fall excavation, remove stems and fibrous roots seedlings, wash, dry. Root dry ingredients】 【cylindrical, often divided, bending torsion, length 10 to 15 cm in diameter and about 0.3 to 2 cm. Surface yellowish brown, with a clear thin vertical stripes and support root traces, cork and easy peeling, showing the yellow xylem. Quality hard, flying powder when broken. Yellow-white cross-section, water was seen after the wet white rays arranged radially. Nearly cylindrical and block foundation class. In addition to the central cross-sectional myelinated, the other are the same as the root of the cross section. Gas weak, ignorant of the suffering. Solid and heavy quality, shaped like a chicken bone, the surface and section of yellow, smooth is preferred, root diameter Changshun straight, quality pine, deep yellow color, no bitterness are not medicine. Main strict in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan. In addition, Hubei, Guangxi is also produced. Chemical Composition】 【active ingredient Huang Huang Changshan Changshan base, referred to Changshan base, the root contains about 0.1% of total alkaloids, the main base for the yellow Changshan A, B and C, three for the tautomer. Huang Changshan also be included, and 4 - quinazolinone, umbelliferone and so on. Isolated from the root and leaf out of the cooling base and different cooling base, corresponding to the yellow base B and Huang Changshan Changshan base armor. Leaf contains the total _set_ of about 0.5% alkaloids, of which Huang Changshan alkali content than the root of the number 10 to 20 times. Another containing a small amount of trimethylamine. ① 【antimalarial pharmacological effects Changshan root water extract of chicken malaria a significant effect, Changshan leaves (Shu Qi) is the root of antimalarial potency of 5 times. But can not prevent recurrence. Changshan all bases quinine antimalarial potency about 26 times. Changshan base A, B, C of the chicken malaria quinine were titer of 1,100 and 150 times. Changshan base B of the titer of duck malaria quinine 100 times. C on the Canary malaria Changshan base, a monkey malaria are also effective. In the past, the traditional anti-malarial combination side will Changshan and betel nut, but after the chicken malaria test, no antimalarial effect of arecoline itself, we can not enhance the effectiveness of antimalarial Changshan base B, B can not fight due to vomiting Changshan alkali, anti- Changshan can increase toxicity. ② the role of anti-amoeba B Changshan vitro alkaline role amoeba was stronger than that by Miding; in immature rats after amoeba infection by Miding effect than high therapeutic index, according to Miding large than 1 times. ③ antipyretic effect Changshan crude extract of artificial fever in rabbits with antipyretic effect. Rat oral Changshan base C, the cooling effect is stronger than aspirin. ④ other roles Anesthetized dogs intravenous Changshan base A, B, C can lower blood pressure, breathing did not change significantly, spleen, kidney volume increased, the heart contraction amplitude decreases, both on the inhibition of isolated rabbit hearts, so blood pressure is due to expansion of visceral blood vessels and cardiac depression, the reign of the uterus in anesthetized dogs, rabbits and rats from the pregnant uterus are excited, not pregnant uterus on the role of uncertainty, on the monkey's blood pressure and contraction of the role of the uterus and other similar dose of quinine. Changshan outside the flooding liquid and in vivo (mice), influenza virus PR6 on a certain extent. Changshan base C in vitro of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells of a certain killing effect. ⑤ body process Rats were well absorbed orally Changshan base B, left soon after intravenous injection of blood, most located in the kidney, heart, liver, muscle, fat and spleen, followed by very little blood. Only 16% of the prototype by the urine, feces few, little bile. Continuous base Mouse to Changshan B or C 14 days, the growth was inhibited, and most had diarrhea, autopsy congestion or hemorrhage of gastrointestinal mucosa, liver, kidney yellow. Another report, repeat C mice Changshan alkali degeneration can cause liver swelling, rabbits intravenous Changshan C is able to raise blood sugar base. Changshan alkali oral median lethal dose in mice (mg / kg) were: B, 6.57 ± 0.47; C, 0.45 ± 0.31; total alkaloids was 7.79 ± 1.30; B toxicity Bi Kuining about 150 times a large, toxic alkaloids Quinine is about 123 times. Intravenous injection of oral toxicity is inversely proportional to C major (mice). Processing】 【Changshan: pick to the impurities, after soaking a little fish out of water, run through, sliced, dried in the sun. Wine Changshan: Take tablets with rice wine and mix well Changshan, slightly moistening, and placing the pot slightly yellow with a gentle heat fry, remove and let cool, (100 pounds per piece Changshan 10 to 20 pounds with a rice wine) vinegar Changshan: Take tablets with Changshan rice vinegar stir-fry as above method. (100 kg each piece with a vinegar Changshan 10 to 20 kg) ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "Where the Changshan, mining roots and leaves in spring, Jiujin night, to the Ming Luk out on dry, boil stir." ② "Introduction to Medicine": "Students with a very large spit Changshan, steamed or fried Jiujin day, or cooked in vinegar, then of the swelling of the liver and not spit." 【】 Kuxin of taste, cold, toxic. ① "The Classic": "bitter, cold." ② "Do not Catalog": "acrid, slightly cold, poisonous." ③ "medicinal theory": "bitter, a small drug." Meridian】 【hepatic, spleen. ① "concocted herbal solutions Thunder": "hepatic through." ② "Drugs of justice": "Rupi through." ③ "to the drug sub-agent": "human lung, heart, liver and three by." 【Indications】 Chutan function, cut malaria; treatment of malaria, M. scrofulaceum. ① "The Classic": "Lord typhoid fever chills and fever, temperature and malaria, chest phlegm Results Tuni." ② "Do not Catalog": "Expansion of water treatment, Sasa aversion to cold, rat fistula." ③ "medicinal theory": "governance of various malaria, spit spit, to cold and heat, under Gall." ④ "Introduction to Medicine": "accumulation of anti-malarial mother and belly, evil ruffian Results Kennedy disease. ' ⑤ "Materia Medica is": "Governance mad, epilepsy, epilepsy dedication." Usage and Dosage】 Oral: decoction, 1 to 3 money; or into pills, powder. Taboo】 【upright weak, sick and infirm Jifu. ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "Wuling elderly, chronic illness service it, should not have." ② "Annotations of Materia Medica": "Wei Yu Sapporo." ③ "medicinal theory": "bogey onions." ④ "Ben Cao Meng Quan": "avoid chicken." ⑤ "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "Malaria not due to malaria and sputum volume due Convicted drink with." 【】 ① governance Sam Rainsy Party election malaria malaria, cold and heat exchanges, or the 2nd three-day situation as: Changshan (file), Magnolia (to bark, ginger juice cooked Sunburn) and one each in two of Alpinia (peeled), nutmeg (shell) of the two, ebony (and nuclear) seven, and betel nut (file), licorice (Sunburn) half and half two. On Qiwei, coarse sieve pound, each serving two money dagger, a water, simmer till six, to sediment, the cold climate, not made before the service, such as hot food that is spit. ("San Franciscans overall record," Changshan drink) ② by Yang actual malaria treatment: Changshan (Jiuchao), strawberry (simmer), betel nut, Magnolia, blue, orange peel, licorice decile.水酒 half and half fry, exposed it, made at the morning warm clothes. ("Easy simple side" cut malaria Qibao drink) ③ governance chest phlegm, headaches and alcohol do not Yushi: Changshan four ounces, licorice half two. Seven liters of water, Zhuqu three liters, within half a liter of honey, a liter of service, do not spit out even more clothes. No honey can be. ("Filled the rear elbow") 【Application】 ① treatment of clinical malaria Alstonia rugosa with tablets, each tablet containing 0.08 gram Changshan adults a course of total 2.64 grams (33), each 0.24 g on day 1, 2 to 5 days per 0.16 g, for 3 days times are 1 hour in cold water before meals, swallowed, lying still for half an hour after the service R, 1 hour fast before and after taking a hot drink, to prevent nausea and vomiting. According to 1926 cases observed: i symptom control: observation of 668 on day 1, the control rate of 59.1%; 475 observed on day 7, the control rate of 91.6%. Ii negative Plasmodium: Plasmodium vivax malaria into 298 1-day observation, negative rate of 56.7%; 306 people observed the 6th day, negative conversion rate was 76.8%; 304 7-day observation, negative rate of 68.8%. Three-day observation of malaria on day 1 and 103, negative rate of 25.2%; 5-day observation of 60 people, negative rate of 81.7%; observed on day 7 and 20, negative rate of 75%. Falciparum malaria observed on day 1 437 people, negative rate of 37.1%; 412 5 days observation, negative rate of 52.9%; 385 7-day observation, negative rate of 47.3%. Observation of mixed infection on day 1 of 46 people, blocking transfer rate of 31.0%; observed on day 5 and 34, negative rate of 44.1%; observed on day 7 and 29, negative rate of 48.1%. Iii side effects (mainly nausea, vomiting, etc.): Day 1 1270 were observed, there rate of 49.1%; 1033 were observed on day 7, there rate of 9.3%. Changshan also made of injection, or with Pinellia (decrease vomiting), composed of Bupleurum compound for the treatment of existing disease or anti-malaria relapse, have a certain effect. ② The Ramsey giardiasis Changshan money decoction with 2 day 1 for 7 days. Had treated one case of cirrhosis complicated with portal vein Ramsey giardiasis patients, medication after loose stools, bloating and other symptoms were improved, stool examination was negative, observed for 3 months no recurrence. Famous paper】 【① "Yan Yi Herbal Supplement": "Changshan, sexual violence defended, good expulsion, can break its infuriating, Yan had also not work. The patient almost empty little scared, not available also.. ② "outline": "Changshan, Shu Qi, a cross-sectional malaria sputum robbed of power, to be presented in positive divergence and the points table after the evil, used properly, Shen Xiao Li see, with missing the law will hurt infuriating. Husband malaria six by malaria, the five internal organs malaria, sputum, wet, food product, all malaria epidemic malaria, to be split by the actual situation, not an introduction also. Changshan, Shu Qi, students will use the uplink spit, fry Steamed has slowed down with the gas , not less emetic as well. have licorice then spit; too big Huangze Li; was ebony, Ling Li is a portal triad; have wheat, bamboo is into the heart; have kaoliang cereals, ephedra is human lung; have keel, monkshood then into the kidney; have grass fruit, betel nut is Rupi, no cap no sputum malaria, two objects of power, water Ersi also expel phlegm. Ying Yang Earth "directed side," Cloud, Changshan anti-malaria, all to the thin, malaria yellow house more animals spit water retention or stop the heart, or in closing arguments threat, the students are cold and heat, by-law when spitting water, Changshan How can we allow no water in the coke, the Changshan can spit the water in the Xiexia , the Changshan can break down the bleach the water, subject to the Blood Circulation of drugs Sasuke, will receive the power Shiquan. that they have made malaria Shun Yeung, or within the real heat of the card Yun, vote Changshan, drip down the stool , it seems to vent does not leak are required to use the North Huang Zuo, vent benefit a few lines, and then be more also. and Li Tao Yun, Lingnan malaria, cold and heat feel, evil and more in the business health pork skin between the desire to skin pores in the miasma fundamental, Hill is not very much, but the people of spit, but to service the cold Qibao bulk, that does not spit, and the experience also. " ③ "Tong Xuan Materia Medica": "Changshan, secular news Raytown elderly, chronic illness of the Ring, then Changshan as steep as the agent, not knowing Changshan hair spit, but many students use and used as a natural, and licorice counterparts, then there will certainly spit If Jiujin fry, but the money promised, I will perform outstanding for each use, are also not reflected, or spit. " ⑤ "Herbal summary": "Changshan, power post-robbery section of sputum malaria, that the mother, mother of pearl, grass and fruit of various malaria treatment, malaria was cinnabar to rob sputum may betel nut, strawberry malaria malaria treatment, malaria was licorice Zhifei may tempeh, ebony, bamboo kidney malaria treatment, have wheat, temperature and light bamboo malaria treatment, malaria was berberine treatment for a long time, was mica, keel female malaria treatment alone cold, too ephedra, licorice, oysters, oyster malaria treatment alone hot. " ⑥ "Materia Medica of justice": "Heng, Shu Qi, this is one thing, the smell are hard and cold, Xiere break junction, Jiangni under the gas, open sputum by water, the use of the same as those. And the" after "" Do not record "contained in the attending, and its purpose can be seen." Do not record "Naiweishuqi tepid, fear not credible, although the" after "to cure malaria Kennedy, swelling of the liver end, accumulation, like non-bitter cold of the goods can be handled, then This material is able to open end of the broken product, are the main phlegm, the accumulation of the non-government Ning Han swelling of the liver and, therefore, the main typhoid fever chills and fever, sputum Results of water swelling, Keni rat fistula, evil Tuni all evidence, both are hot sputum simmers a way, not stating that his cold syndrome and treatment. The special master of a wet malaria disease, malaria is Fanshu between evil heat and cold, off for the times, are all wet condensate sputum volume, remain in the tunnel by the ancients that no sputum per not a malaria, not a malaria-free product, if not the first release of the phlegm stagnation, the root cause of the coil end, finally ending when the cold and heat. Hengshan purposes, this is fast sputum open water, wash wet plot as such, is to the "Classic", "Do not record" are mainly that of anti-malarial drugs, and their descendants mud in a law Zhongjing Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Bupleurum main malaria who know more than conceivable Hengshan main malaria but a few. It turned out Bupleurum antimalarial only a part of the main evil in the meridian, while at the phlegm stagnation, can not be taken into account, but gradually becoming Yan who made appropriate, and later used by early, will not be cut when; but Hengshan antimalarial, can clear the account of the Accumulation, Jue its root plants, the cold and heat by virtue of nothing evil, but not to malaria since it is Bupleurum still treat the symptoms, and governance of the Hengshan is the people. "Yan Chai directed at" the invention of the true purpose of Hengshan main malaria, the most Che is a hole background, through deep exploration of micro. ancients there were claims that post-primary malaria malaria been drawn up to the vicious South quotidian, is simply suffocating heat, the plot in The Crossing, has to lead the phlegm ears. Li Tao that Lingnan miasma moving more in the business health of their evil flesh between the skin and pores in the miasma want to go to the root of evil, is not very mountain. Yu Li of the drugs that temperature, multi-inhaled by the nose and mouth, _set_ in the lung and stomach, with condensate sputum wet plot Consistency, Sui-sheng Li band. Hengshan malaria treatment, but also to treat them, including the wet sputum, out of the evil of its non-cured, Lee of the theory is still plausible. Jing Yue mad epilepsy treatment epilepsy, which claims Jue also whichever Open vent sputum knot, in order to calm the fire above the red reverse. but Hengshan in the "Materia Medica" made it clear that his government Tuni solid, and "Do not record" in Shu Qi article, is a spit of sentence, after stating that his income then The strong medicine for the vomiting agent, a few are scared, terrified intended. although men say that Shu Qi as the Miao, Hengshan is the root, the nature of vegetation, roots of plant down for every root, stem and seedling upstream of the reason, the two properties have different customers, However, "The Classic" article in the Shu Qi, also grouped with governance Keni one, both cough, rule against, it is also still a drawdown of the goods, while stating that his anti-vomiting, was not "the by," " Do not record "contrary? but Shu Qi solid fishy own saliva; so ancient grass droppings, grass alias duck feces, not Su in lung and stomach, phlegm stasis person, touch this fishy saliva, but also easy to disturbance of their Zhuoqi, citing the gag, but in fact is able to Jiangni open end, is not known for more than Bay, and suppression of sputum in the coke, the more the lead and is also the Dhamma in order to eliminate the Accumulation, husband it not be, and security has love not to go, raising risk of reason Yi carbuncle? then wash the saliva Gou, then only the following vent Zougong, without taking into account its own on the pan, clean wash away the ancient that its fishy, and Suanku with the use, can lead evil bile , that is the purpose. near the lake that Changshan, Shu Qi has the power Xiaotan cut malaria must be evil in both bulk form, made after the positive points, used properly, see Shen Xiao Li, who on the very pertinent. Changshan cover the power, specializing in open drain phlegm, if the evil in the table points, the force of the reach of the non-and Jiangni Sanjie, also known for the following line, if the negative points into malaria Pat evil, the bitter cold of the containment of, the more depressed by the difficulties and, more carry no way out. near Lake also said that the students use, multi-purpose, then spit on the behavior, fry less, do not cause vomiting, are the students did not go with the fishy saliva, vomit easily cited, speculation of the _set_tlement the power of the more special, since no Shangni. and that the spit was licorice, ... ... fragmentary theory of governance, to its own management. but broke down open vent, the force also completion, it is appropriate evidence, not the imaginary person. If long malaria Qi, who without positive sputum, can not jump to trial, stating that his sexual violence have been defended Danxi good at expulsion, injury upright, virtual mood is not available also. "
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■县名常山
Regional Overview
Upper reaches of the Qiantang River in western Zhejiang Changshan County, north latitude 28 ° 51 ', longitude 118 ° 30'. The total area of 1099.07 square kilometers. County People's Government in the days of Ma Zhensheng Street 29, Postal Code: 324200. Code: 330,822. Code: 0570. Chang Shan County, Zhejiang Quzhou City is adjacent to Jiangxi, Anhui and Fujian provinces, around and Kecheng, Qujiang District, Jiangshan City, Kaihua County; Hangzhou Chun'an; Yushan County, Jiangxi Province, Shangrao City phase border. Unique location and convenient transportation, known as the "hub of the four provinces, Liangzhe first stop," said. 320 State Road, State Road 205 intersection in the territory. Changshan Hangjinqu highway running through the whole territory, Qu Chang railway has been opened to traffic, the county seat away from Quzhou, Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway and the Airport are 40 kilometers, the planned railway nine Qu Jing, Huang-Qu-Nan Expressway, King thousands of highway passing through. County road mileage of 313 km. County to the township road basically hardening, initially built by the county as the center of the half-hour economic circle.
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Administrative Division
County People's Government in the days of Ma Zhensheng Street 29, Postal Code: 324200. Code: 330,822. Code: 0570. Pinyin: Changshan Shi. Changshan County was 7 towns, 7 townships: Pegasus Town, Jobs Town, Hui TOWN, Fangcun town, the ball Chuanzhen, White Rock, bluestone town; East Case Township, Song farm town, where his hometown, the new bridge township, Township with the bow, Xinchang Township, Bridge Township. In 2000, jurisdiction over 7 towns Changshan County, 17 townships. According to the fifth census data: the total population of 265,467 people, including the township population (people): Ma Hui Town, the town of 42,125 Fangcun town 12078 11591 12081 White Rock 7576 spherical Chuanzhen Jobs bluestone town of 14,067 home town of 14,967 where 11,171 Song Fan Lu Township 5619 Township 8568 East Lake township 10 703 Togo 12 038 lion's mouth are two new Xiang Xiang 6365 5955 4772 Hibiscus Xinchang Township Township Township 5313 9093 sailed around the township 10701 Long Bow Township, 8439 with a large jaw Township, 6800 East Bridge Township 1093J Court case, the end of 7694 Township Township Township 14102 12718 Wuli The total area of 1099.1 square kilometers, 17 million mu of cultivated land, the "half water half-field eight mountains," said. (2004) total population of 323,300, jurisdiction over 7 towns of 14 townships and 341 administrative villages. City Tianma Town, building area of 8.43 square kilometers, population 74,800. County Total members 13,087 people.
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History
Changshan a long history, the Spring and Autumn period for Yue Gu strips of land. Han Jian twenty-three years (218), analysis of the new County County home _set_ting, address _set_ting Yang County (now Jobs town), Hueiji County. Beginning to build the county was built nearly 1800 county history. Three changes are Dongyang County. Southern Song, Qi, Liang three generations under the same; Chen confidence gun, led by Principal, will be positive and 2 counties. Sui too late, will be merged into Principal County Yang 2, Li Dongyang County. Tang Takenori four years (621) sub-Quzhou Wuzhou placed in the letter, and be split Jiang, Yang _set_ 2 counties, Principal Sui Wei state government; Empress Wu Chuigong years (686) will change the Chang Shan Yang (county name within the mountain, this is Changshan the beginning of names), is South Road, Principal for the state government; Since then, Changshan county basically unchanged, has been attached to Quzhou. Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty followed the old system. November 1958, Changshan into the Qu County; 1961, re-_set_ Changshan; area remain unchanged under the Jinhua area; May 1985, Jinhua revoked, Quzhou City or provincial cities, the original is divided into Kecheng and Qu Quzhou City County, the implementation of City Counties, Changshan is Quzhou City.
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Many famous
Changshan many famous special new agricultural products, including Changshan Pomelo, mushroom, tea, peach black Changshan, Changshan alms, and so enjoy a high reputation in China, has been named "hometown of Changshan Pomelo in China", "Chinese tea town "," Chinese mushroom village. " Changshan Pomelo grapefruit and other citrus as a natural hybrid made, the only Changshan unique to the Ministry of Agriculture, Green Food Development Center was awarded the "green" as the "fruit of treasures, a national treasure." Has four times been named China International Agriculture Fair "quality agricultural products", to the end of the year was again included in the national protection of origin of agricultural products, by the Central Political Bureau, member of the former Zhejiang Party Secretary Zhang Dejiang as the "king of fruits." Planting area of 100,000 acres the county, the annual output of 12 million tons, is the leading industry in the agricultural economy and the backbone of farmers to get rich products.
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Tourism Resources
Changshan very rich in tourism resources, in addition to the text mentioned earlier landscape, Changshan many human and other natural landscape, and the national geological park Changshan closely together as one. Changshan miles northwest mountains of Huanggang Shan Kong, deep valleys, dense forests, is a beautiful ecological environment in Northwest in miniature. 713 m above sea level, mountain is not high, but the Millennium Tower mountain temple - Wanshou, and famous one, come true, "Hill is not high, but the immortal name of" the poem. According to records, Bio of the Southern Song Dynasty were compared after twice being dismissed lived in Wanshousi. Changshan beautiful ecological environment, to attract a large number of migratory birds. In mid-April 1988, egrets flying habitat falls more than a thousand Changshan only wetlands in central hilly area multiplied since the range in less than 4 hectares have been gathered over 30,000 pieces have been established for the grandfather mountain egret ecological protected areas. Changshan the cultural landscape dominated by ancient buildings, of which the most representative is thirty-six patio, Fan Jia large temples, Wenfeng Tower and so on. Thirty-six patio is built in the early years of Qing dynasty, ancient houses, its structure is the traditional five overall lifting beam. Ancestral Halls Fanjia the provincial cultural relics protection units, temples built wooden stage, brick wooden figures carved fine. Wenfeng Tower is built in the Southern Song Dynasty style pavilion seven hexagonal brick tower, 29.5 meters high, 4.8 meters in diameter. Changshan National Geopark is located in the western Changshan County, Zhejiang Province, with a total area of 46 km2. To 8.2-4.2 million years ago, the park features the formation, of which about 4.6 million years ago, the world's leading Ordovician graptolite shale. Changshan national geological park area by the four elements: gold nail area, San Qu Stone Forest, scenic, and Changshan port area bluestone. Geologists of the National Geological Park Changshan a general statement, they had this to say: Changshan National Geological Park is the one on the Yangtze plate to the ancient Stratigraphy, reef karst landscape and tectonic features of the national geological park. Stratigraphy yellow mud of the well-known in the world, because the late Austrian Tao Shisheng three things Qushan reefs and a combination of beautiful karst precious heritage bluestone structure of a typical perfect amazing. -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---
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■ History Changshan
Hengshan Quyang northwest Hebei, Han, Song avoid the taboo is Changshan Emperor (Emperor Wen, Emperor Song names are constant.) Hengshan County Qin and Han also had changed the Changshan county (countries), government Yuanshi (now County, northwest). Western Jin Chang Shan Gunji really be (now Zhengding South, Don began to present positive definite.) Sui is the identity state Hengshan County. Tang Youheng (town) State Changshan County. Tempo has been used in the Ping Shan, and later with the name of Hengshan, Yuan later changed to Mouzon Changshan still taboo. -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---
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White Changshan
Mussaenda alias, geese children spend Pinyin bai chang shan English name root of Littleflower Mussaenda, root of Spreadingbranch Mussaenda Medicinal herbal base of the original as dicotyledonous Rubiaceae Mussaenda Mussaenda or development branch root. Animal and plant morphology 1. Mussaenda, evergreen vine-like shrubs, up to 5m. Phi pubescent branchlets. Leaves simple, opposite, with a short handle; Leaves membranous or thin paper, ovate oblong or ovate-lanceolate, length 4-8cm, width of 2-4cm, apex acuminate, base _truncate_d or slightly skewed , dark green above, with sparse white pubescence, the following pale green, densely white-pubescent; veins on the back of uplift: 2 deep cleft stipules, lanceolate to linear. Inflorescences corymbose; calyx 5 parted, lobes linear, densely white pilose, often with 1-2 pieces of expansion into a leafy, wide oval or round, long-3.5cm, white; corolla golden yellow, funnel-shaped , long 2-3cm, tip 5 lobed, lobes ovate; stamens 5; pistil 1, stigma 2 differences. Berry spherical, black purple, diameter of about 7-8mm. Flowering in early summer. Mussaenda distribution of resource distribution in Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan. Mussaenda show the distribution branch of Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan and other places. Medicines produced in Sichuan, Guangxi, Fujian and other places. Environment Mussaenda hillslopes, woodland. Cultivation of medicinal plants Excavation and storage from August to October harvest and dried. Medicinal part Identification of raw medicinal herbs and more character identification thick taproot straight and long, or for irregularly curved, diameter 6-20mm; lateral majority, and there are numerous fine roots, surface greyish brown, with irregular vertical and horizontal cracks. Quality hard and difficult to break, the cross section yellow-white or light yellow, cortex thickness, easy to peel when fresh, the surface smooth, rich clay. Mimicking Changshan shape, but the cross section is the white heart, so called "white Changshan." Gas micro, tasteless. Microscopic identification of the root cross-section: number of columns cork cork cell layer, the cortex is relatively narrow, with scattered or groups of stone cells, between fiber and cell cavity, and have a pit. Narrow brick on the skin. Cambium obvious. Xylem development, growth rings clearly visible, a single or a few tube cut to the congregation; ray 2-4 rows of cells. Cold herbs; bitter; toxic Owned by the liver; spleen Effectiveness of malaria fever Antidote effect classification Treating malaria Oral dosage: Jiantang ,6-10g.
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■ Plant Changshan
■植物常山
【Chinese Name】: Changshan 【English name】: Antifebrile Dichroa Root 【Latin Name】: medicine Radix Dichroae Original plant names: Dichroa febrifuga Lour 【Alias】: Mutual grass (the "Classic"), Hengshan, Aescin ("Wu Pu Materia Medica"), Alstonia (Hongjing), Fan Wei wood (Hou Ning very "drug spectrum"), Huang Changshan, chicken wind, strength of character wood, white Changshan, large golden sword, Shu Qi [leaf]. Is】 【Branch: Saxifragaceae The species included in the Chinese plant in the database of toxic plants and their toxicity to a small drug. Born in shaded moist mountain, or cultivated in the understory. Distribution of Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places. -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---
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■ herbs Changshan
】 【Medicine 】 【Research: from "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing." ① Hongjing: "Changshan, the Yidu, Jianping, thin solid yellow who called for the Alstonia, with the most wins." ② "The sketches by": "Changshan, this West Beijing, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan gun have it. Haizhou out who leaves like catalpa leaves, eight feet, with bonus white, sub-Bise, like mountains and small sub-Melia. May, leaf collection, taken in August root, dried. These two taste as antimalarial The most important thing. " 【Name】 prescription Changshan, raw Changshan, Alstonia, Huang Changshan, fried Changshan, Sunburn Changshan, Changshan wine, vinegar Changshan, cooked Changshan and so on. 1. Changshan write prescriptions, Alstonia, yellow means the Health Changshan Changshan. As the original drug to impurities, were run through slicing medicine. Longer than the Bay spit. 2. Changshan aka Sunburn Changshan fried. Stir-fry until the mixture gently to yellowish Changshan medicine tablets were. 3. Wine and vinegar Changshan Changshan Changshan as wine or vinegar chip leaching were sprayed with the mix, slightly moistening exhaustion, and then slow fire were fried yellow medicine. Longer than the cut-off malaria. 4. Changshan is cooked fried Changshan, Changshan wine, vinegar Changshan collectively. 【Product Name】 Changshan, Huang Changshan, Alstonia to hard and weight, section pale yellow, dry and free of impurities are preferred. Chemical Composition】 【Traditional Chinese Medicine 】 【Taste cold, spicy, bitter; toxic. ① "The Classic": "bitter, cold." ② "Do not Catalog": "acrid, slightly cold, poisonous." ③ "medicinal theory": "bitter, a small drug." 】 【Go through the lung, hepatic, spleen, heart. ① "concocted herbal solutions Thunder": "hepatic through." ② "Drugs of justice": "Rupi through." ③ "to the drug sub-agent": "human lung, heart, liver and three by." 【Indications】 Chutan function, cut malaria; treatment of malaria, M. scrofulaceum. Shu Qi Indications and Changshan come first, but the effect is somewhat less. ① "The Classic": "Lord typhoid fever chills and fever, temperature and malaria, chest phlegm Results Tuni." ② "Do not Catalog": "Expansion of water treatment, Sasa aversion to cold, rat fistula." ③ "medicinal theory": "governance of various malaria, spit spit, to cold and heat, under Gall." ④ "Introduction to Medicine": "accumulation of anti-malarial mother and belly, evil ruffian Results Kennedy disease. ' ⑤ "Materia Medica is": "Governance mad, epilepsy, epilepsy dedication." 【Pharmacological effects Antimalarial ① Changshan root water extract of chicken malaria a significant effect, Changshan leaves (Shu Qi) is the root of antimalarial potency of 5 times. But can not prevent recurrence. Changshan all bases quinine antimalarial potency about 26 times. Changshan base A, B, C of the chicken malaria quinine were titer of 1,100 and 150 times. Changshan base B of the titer of duck malaria quinine 100 times. C on the Canary malaria Changshan base, a monkey malaria are also effective. In the past, the traditional anti-malarial combination side will Changshan and betel nut, but after the chicken malaria test, no antimalarial effect of arecoline itself, we can not enhance the effectiveness of antimalarial Changshan base B, B can not fight due to vomiting Changshan alkali, anti- Changshan can increase toxicity. ② the role of anti-amoeba B Changshan vitro alkaline role amoeba was stronger than that by Miding; in immature rats after amoeba infection by Miding effect than high therapeutic index, according to Miding large than 1 times. ③ antipyretic effect Changshan crude extract of artificial fever in rabbits with antipyretic effect. Rat oral Changshan base C, the cooling effect is stronger than aspirin. ④ other roles Anesthetized dogs intravenous Changshan base A, B, C can lower blood pressure, breathing did not change significantly, spleen, kidney volume increased, the heart contraction amplitude decreases, both on the inhibition of isolated rabbit hearts, so blood pressure is due to expansion of visceral blood vessels and cardiac depression, the reign of the uterus in anesthetized dogs, rabbits and rats from the pregnant uterus are excited, not pregnant uterus on the role of uncertainty, on the monkey's blood pressure and contraction of the role of the uterus and other similar dose of quinine. Changshan outside the flooding liquid and in vivo (mice), influenza virus PR6 on a certain extent. Changshan base C in vitro of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells of a certain kill effect. ⑤ body process Rats were well absorbed orally Changshan base B, left soon after intravenous injection of blood, most located in the kidney, heart, liver, muscle, fat and spleen, followed by very little blood. Only 16% of the prototype by the urine, feces few, little bile. 【Source】 system of law This product is Changshan Saxifragaceae dry plant roots. The young leaves called "Shu Qi", also for medicinal purposes. Fall root excavation, removal of fibrous roots, washed and dried. Leaves collected in summer and dried. Remove impurities, separate size, soak, run through, cut thin slices, dried in the sun. Changshan: pick to the impurities, after soaking a little fish out of water, run through, sliced, dried in the sun. Wine Changshan: Take Changshan film with rice wine and mix well, slightly moistening, home fry pan slightly yellow with gentle heat, remove and let cool, (100 pounds per piece Changshan 10 to 20 pounds with a rice wine) Changshan vinegar: vinegar stir-fry with a chip to take Changshan above method. (100 kg each piece with a vinegar Changshan 10 to 20 kg) ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "Where the Changshan, mining roots and leaves in spring, Jiujin night, to the Ming Luk out on dry, boil stir." ② "Introduction to Medicine": "Students with a very large spit Changshan, steamed or fried Jiujin day, or cooked in vinegar, then of the swelling of the liver and not spit." 】 【Election party ① Sam Rainsy malaria treatment malaria, cold and heat exchanges, or the 2nd three-day situation as: Changshan (file), Magnolia (to bark, ginger juice cooked Sunburn) and one each in two of Alpinia (peeled), Nutmeg (shell) The two, ebony (and nuclear) seven, and betel nut (file), licorice (Sunburn) half and half two. On Qiwei, coarse sieve pound, each serving two money dagger, a water, simmer till six, to sediment, the cold climate, not made before the service, such as hot food that is spit. ("San Franciscans overall record," Changshan drink) ② by Yang actual malaria treatment: Changshan (Jiuchao), strawberry (simmer), betel nut, Magnolia, blue, orange peel, licorice decile.水酒 half and half fry, exposed it, made at the morning warm clothes. ("Easy simple side" cut malaria Qibao drink) ③ governance chest phlegm, headaches and alcohol do not Yushi: Changshan four ounces, licorice half two. Seven liters of water, Zhuqu three liters, within half a liter of honey, a liter of service, do not spit out even more clothes. No honey can be. ("Filled the rear elbow") 】 【Medication should avoid: upright weak, sick and infirm Jifu. Have emetic side effects, dosage should not be too big, pregnant women with caution. ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "Wuling elderly, chronic illness service it, should not have." ② "Annotations of Materia Medica": "Wei Yu Sapporo." ③ "medicinal theory": "bogey onions." ④ "Ben Cao Meng Quan": "avoid chicken." ⑤ "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "Malaria not due to malaria and sputum volume due Convicted drink with." Identification】 【raw medicinal herbs Root cross-section: number of columns cork cork layer cells. Cortex is very thin, a small number of cells containing resin blocks or bundles of calcium oxalate raphides. Phloem narrow, thin-walled cells containing resin or needle crystal beam; phloem ray width 1-9 cells, 3-6 cells were more common. Cambium into the ring. Accounted for most of the root xylem, vessel polygonal, diameter 24-60μm, often a single or a few scattered radial arrangement of yellow Category intraductal round when the invasion of filling body; wood fiber is small, strong wood of the wall; wood parenchyma cells polygonal, walls of wood; wood ray width 2-9 rows of cells, cell type square. This product is thin-walled cells containing starch grains. Powder: light yellow single grain type starch granules ① round, elliptic or oblong, diameter 3-14μm, umbilical points, laminated not obvious; complex particles smaller particles formed by 2-3 points. ② more than bundles of calcium oxalate raphides present in the spindle or oblong cells, needle crystal length to 80μm. ③ class polygonal parenchyma cells of wood or long polygonal, thicker wall, was Lianzhu shaped pits small spots, more dense. ④ slender wood fiber, diameter 12-40μm, thicker walls, pits a little sparse, small. ⑤ scalariform bordered pits vessel diameter of about 25μm. In addition, we can see resin blocks, remnants of cork cells. ⑥ odorless, bitter taste. Identification: (1) cross-section of the product: cork cells in series. Narrow cortex, a small number of cells containing resin blocks or bundles of calcium oxalate raphides. Phloem narrow beam of calcium oxalate raphides more. Was irregular wavy cambium ring. Accounts for the main part of the xylem are lignified, ray varies in width; catheter polygon, a single or a few scattered together, some filled with yellow invasion of the body. Parenchyma cells containing starch grains. (2) take the product powder of about 2g, plus 70% ethanol 10ml, refluxed for 15 minutes, let cool, filtered, the filtrate evaporated and the residue plus 1% hydrochloric acid solution, 2ml, mixing, filtration. Take filtrate, potassium iodine test solution 2 drops of bismuth, which produce brown precipitate. 【Toxicity】 Continuous base Mouse to Changshan B or C 14 days, the growth was inhibited, and most had diarrhea, autopsy congestion or hemorrhage of gastrointestinal mucosa, liver, kidney yellow. Another report, repeat C mice Changshan alkali degeneration can cause liver swelling, rabbits intravenous Changshan C is able to raise blood sugar base. Changshan alkali oral median lethal dose in mice (mg / kg) were: B, 6.57 ± 0.47; C, 0.45 ± 0.31; total alkaloids was 7.79 ± 1.30; B toxicity Bi Kuining about 150 times a large, toxic alkaloids Quinine is about 123 times. Intravenous injection of oral toxicity is inversely proportional to C major (mice). Clinical】 【 ① treatment of malaria Alstonia rugosa with tablets, each tablet containing 0.08 gram Changshan adults a course of total 2.64 grams (33), each 0.24 g on day 1, 2 to 5 days per 0.16 g, for 3 days times are 1 hour in cold water before meals, swallowed, lying still for half an hour after the service R, 1 hour fast before and after taking a hot drink, to prevent nausea and vomiting. According to 1926 cases observed: a symptom control: observation of 668 on day 1, the control rate of 59.1%; 475 7-day observation, the control rate of 91.6%. Second, negative malaria: Plasmodium vivax malaria into 298 1-day observation, negative rate of 56.7%; 306 people observed the 6th day, negative conversion rate was 76.8%; 304 7-day observation, negative rate of 68.8%. Three-day observation of malaria on day 1 and 103, negative rate of 25.2%; 5-day observation of 60 people, negative rate of 81.7%; observed on day 7 and 20, negative rate of 75%. Falciparum malaria observed on day 1 437 people, negative rate of 37.1%; 412 5 days observation, negative rate of 52.9%; 385 7-day observation, negative rate of 47.3%. Observation of mixed infection on day 1 of 46 people, blocking transfer rate of 31.0%; observed on day 5 and 34, negative rate of 44.1%; observed on day 7 and 29, negative rate of 48.1%. Three side-effects (mainly nausea, vomiting, etc.): Day 1 1270 were observed, there rate of 49.1%; 1033 were observed on day 7, there rate of 9.3%. Changshan also made of injection, or with Pinellia (decrease vomiting), composed of Bupleurum compound for the treatment of existing disease or anti-malaria relapse, have a certain effect. ② The Ramsey giardiasis Changshan money decoction with 2 day 1 for 7 days. Had treated one case of cirrhosis complicated with portal vein Ramsey giardiasis patients, medication after loose stools, bloating and other symptoms were improved, stool examination was negative, observed for 3 months no recurrence. 【Artists】 discussed ① "Ben Cao Yan Yi Addendum": "Changshan, sexual violence defended, good expulsion, can break its infuriating, Yan had also not work. The patient almost empty little scared, not available also.. ② "outline": "Changshan, Shu Qi, a cross-sectional malaria sputum robbed of power, to be presented in positive divergence and the points table after the evil, used properly, Shen Xiao Li see, with missing the law will hurt infuriating. Husband malaria six by malaria, the five internal organs malaria, sputum, wet, food product, all malaria epidemic malaria, to be split by the actual situation, not an introduction also. Changshan, Shu Qi, students will use the uplink spit, fry Steamed has slowed down with the gas , not less emetic as well. have licorice then spit; too big Huangze Li; was ebony, Ling Li is a portal triad; have wheat, bamboo is into the heart; have kaoliang cereals, ephedra is human lung; have keel, monkshood then into the kidney; have grass fruit, betel nut is Rupi, no cap no sputum malaria, two objects of power, water Ersi also expel phlegm. Ying Yang Earth "directed side," Cloud, Changshan anti-malaria, all to the thin, malaria yellow house more animals spit water retention or stop the heart, or in closing arguments threat, the students are cold and heat, by-law when spitting water, Changshan How can we allow no water in the coke, the Changshan can spit the water in the Xiexia , the Changshan can break down the bleach the water, subject to the Blood Circulation of drugs Sasuke, will receive the power Shiquan. that they have made malaria Shun Yeung, or within the real heat of the card Yun, vote Changshan, drip down the stool , it seems to vent does not leak are required to use the North Huang Zuo, vent benefit a few lines, and then be more also. and Li Tao Yun, Lingnan malaria, cold and heat feel, evil and more in the business health pork skin between the desire to skin pores in the miasma fundamental, Hill is not very much, but the people of spit, but to service the cold Qibao bulk, that does not spit, and the experience also. " ③ "Tong Xuan Materia Medica": "Changshan, secular news Raytown elderly, chronic illness of the Ring, then Changshan as steep as the agent does not know spit Changshan hair, but for the students to use and multi-course, and licorice counterparts, then there will certainly spit If Jiujin fry, but the money promised, I will perform outstanding for each use, are also not reflected, or spit. " ⑤ "Herbal summary": "Changshan, power post-robbery section of sputum malaria, that the mother, mother of pearl, grass and fruit of various malaria treatment, malaria was cinnabar to rob sputum may betel nut, strawberry malaria malaria treatment, malaria was licorice Zhifei may tempeh, ebony, bamboo kidney malaria treatment, have wheat, temperature and light bamboo malaria treatment, malaria was berberine treatment for a long time, was mica, keel female malaria treatment alone cold, too ephedra, licorice, oysters, oyster malaria treatment alone hot. " ⑥ "Materia Medica of justice": "Heng, Shu Qi, this is one thing, the smell are hard and cold, Xiere break junction, Jiangni under the gas, open sputum by water, the use of the same as those. And the" after "" Do not record "contained in the attending, and its purpose can be seen." Do not record "Naiweishuqi tepid, fear not credible, although the" after "to cure malaria Kennedy, swelling of the liver end, accumulation, like non-bitter cold of the goods can be handled, then This material is able to open end of the broken product, are the main phlegm, the accumulation of the non-government Ning Han swelling of the liver and, therefore, the main typhoid fever chills and fever, sputum Results of water swelling, Keni rat fistula, evil Tuni all evidence, both are hot sputum simmers a way, not stating that his cold syndrome and treatment. The special master of a wet malaria disease, malaria is Fanshu between evil heat and cold, off for the times, are all wet condensate sputum volume, remain in the tunnel by the ancients that no sputum per not a malaria, not a malaria-free product, if not the first release of the phlegm stagnation, the root cause of the coil end, finally ending when the cold and heat. Hengshan purposes, this is fast sputum open water, wash wet plot as such, is to the "Classic", "Do not record" are mainly that of anti-malarial drugs, and their descendants mud in a law Zhongjing Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Bupleurum main malaria who know more than conceivable Hengshan main malaria but a few. It turned out Bupleurum antimalarial only a part of the main evil in the meridian, while at the phlegm stagnation, can not be taken into account, but gradually becoming Yan who made appropriate, and later used by early, will not be cut when; but Hengshan antimalarial, can clear the account of the Accumulation, Jue its root plants, the cold and heat by virtue of nothing evil, but not to malaria since it is Bupleurum still treat the symptoms, and governance of the Hengshan is the people. "Yan Chai directed at" the invention of the true purpose of Hengshan main malaria, the most Che is a hole background, through deep exploration of micro. ancients there were claims that post-primary malaria malaria been drawn up to the vicious South quotidian, is simply suffocating heat, the plot in The Crossing, has to lead the phlegm ears. Li Tao that Lingnan miasma moving more in the business health of their evil flesh between the skin and pores in the miasma want to go to the root of evil, is not very mountain. Yu Li of the drugs that temperature, multi-inhaled by the nose and mouth, _set_ in the lung and stomach, with condensate sputum wet plot Consistency, Sui-sheng Li band. Hengshan malaria treatment, but also to treat them, including the wet sputum, out of the evil of its non-cured, Lee of the theory is still plausible. Jing Yue mad epilepsy treatment epilepsy, which claims Jue also whichever Open vent sputum knot, in order to calm the fire above the red reverse. but Hengshan in the "Materia Medica" made it clear that his government Tuni solid, and "Do not record" in Shu Qi article, is a spit of sentence, after stating that his income then The strong medicine for the vomiting agent, a few are scared, terrified intended. although men say that Shu Qi as the Miao, Hengshan is the root, the nature of vegetation, roots of plant down for every root, stem and seedling upstream of the reason, the two properties have different customers, However, "The Classic" article in the Shu Qi, also grouped with governance Keni one, both cough, rule against, it is also still a drawdown of the goods, while stating that his anti-vomiting, was not "the by," " Do not record "contrary? but Shu Qi solid fishy own saliva; so ancient grass droppings, grass alias duck feces, not Su in lung and stomach, phlegm stasis person, touch this fishy saliva, but also easy to disturbance of their Zhuoqi, citing the gag, but in fact is able to Jiangni open end, is not known for more than Bay, and suppression of sputum in the coke, the more the lead and is also the Dhamma in order to eliminate the Accumulation, husband it not be, and security has love not to go, raising risk of reason Yi carbuncle? then wash the saliva Gou, then only the following vent Zougong, without taking into account its own on the pan, clean wash away the ancient that its fishy, and Suanku with the use, can lead evil bile , that is the purpose. near the lake that Changshan, Shu Qi has the power Xiaotan cut malaria must be evil in both bulk form, made after the positive points, used properly, see Shen Xiao Li, who on the very pertinent. Changshan cover the power, specializing in open drain phlegm, if the evil in the table points, the force of the reach of the non-and Jiangni Sanjie, also known for the following line, if the negative points into malaria Pat evil, the bitter cold of the containment of, the more depressed by the difficulties and, more carry no way out. near Lake also said that the students use, multi-purpose, then spit on the behavior, fry less, do not cause vomiting, are the students did not go with the fishy saliva, vomit easily cited, speculation of the _set_tlement the power of the more special, since no Shangni. and that the spit was licorice, ... ... fragmentary theory of governance, to its own management. but broke down open vent, the force also completion, it is appropriate evidence, not the imaginary person. If long malaria Qi, who without positive sputum, can not jump to trial, stating that his sexual violence have been defended Danxi good at expulsion, injury upright, virtual mood is not available also. " 7. "The Classic": the main typhoid fever chills and fever, temperature malaria, chest phlegm Results Tuni. 8. "Do not record": water treatment expansion, Sasa aversion to cold, rat fistula. 9. "Medicinal": the governance of various malaria, spit spit, to cold and heat, under Gall. 10. "Medical Getting Started": the accumulation of anti-malarial mother and belly, evil ruffian Results Kennedy disease. 11. "Herbal now": mad rule, epilepsy, epilepsy Jue.
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■ People Changshan
China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation deputy chief engineer of the Institute Changshan 703 Changshan, male, June 1965 students. Ah this city, Harbin, Heilongjiang people. Ph.D., postdoctoral researcher, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation 703 Research Institute Research Professor, Deputy Chief Engineer. In recent years, Changshan comrades in research, teaching and development of such models to assume the important work and achieved outstanding results. Main research directions: carrying capacity of gears, gear modification, gear dynamics, the dynamic design of gear boxes, gears and transmission components of the vibration mode analysis and experimental research. As destroyers, nuclear submarines, aircraft carriers and other ships with high-power main reduction gear power transmission device using a variety of joint or alternating drivers, such as the diesel - fuel alternative, wood - diesel, fuel - fuel, steam - fired combined power and so on, so ship Transmission both high-speed gears, heavy duty, vibration and noise performance requirements of high power and multi-branch structure of machine and vehicle characteristics, representing leading design technology of gear level. Successfully developed a new type of main gear box has been delivered to the Navy in the new guided missile destroyer (known as the "Divine the first ship") to run well, led by experts and higher praise. Comrades and join the auspices of the completion Changshan defense "August" three key research projects, the National Natural Science Foundation 1, the State Education Commission Doctoral Foundation of China 1, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 1. Participate in the successful development of high-power synchronous clutch automatic high-speed power to meet the ship combined diesel and gas power plant requirements, to fill the gap, reaching the advanced level of similar foreign products will CODOG, CODAG, COGOG, COGAG, COSAG and other joint power devices are widely used. These two results have won the second prize of science and technology Corporation (the first and seventh winner). In order to improve the academic and technical level, went to Belgium, the United States and other technologically advanced countries and the United Kingdom for advanced technology, design strategy and management of learning and academic exchanges, and promptly applied to practical research and management work. Hosted and participated in "Ninth Five-Year" key scientific research project on "the best gear box design, low noise design and measurement technology and reliability research", "Study of transmission parts CAD databases", etc. 4. In academic conferences and has published over 40 papers. In terms of graduate education, guidance and help guide the master 4, to help guide the doctor 2. Served in a number of academic and community: Association of Chinese young scientists, the National Standardization Technical Committee of gear, the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society of Mechanical Transmission Branch Youth Work Committee members, "Thermal Power Engineering," the magazine Editor, Heilongjiang Institute of Vibration Engineering Director , the Standing Committee of Heilongjiang Province, China Youth Federation and so on. As a follow-ship missile destroyers developed by the main turbine gear units, deputy director of design, as a new missile frigates and car gear box equipment and the development of the project technical director. 1, people always want a little spirit In 1997, Changshan with honors from the Harbin Institute of Technology Ph.D., there are five in Beijing and in Shanghai, paid the recruitment of foreign owned companies, and Chongqing University, Tianjin University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Beijing China University of Mining has agreed to accept him as post-doctoral, but taking into account their own professional development, he took to enter the China Ship Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering postdoctoral postdocgoral, the implementation of the first 703 points in Harbin Institute. April 2002 to April 2003, sent by the China Scholarship Council public to do research at Ohio State University scholar, made a number of scientific research, turned down the proposed extension of foreign instructors, scheduled to return home. Commendable is, when is the time when SARS epidemic in Beijing, China, the most serious, he and his family take practical action to overcome the Chinese expression "atypical pneumonia" in confidence. 2, all should think more about others The end of 2000, the navy and relevant departments of China Shipbuilding Industry Group, the focus on the 167-ship equipment and technology identified and results of identification. 167 active force for the turbine ship gear units, the project by the five technological breakthroughs and innovation, accounted for three main gear box. Identified during the project, the main turbine gear unit is up to points of technological progress, the most difficult technical, heavy workload, most people involved, and most have access to the National Science and Technology Progress Award of the project. However, the project developed a decade of time, technology also has a large head movements. Development of the project Changshan comrades have done a lot of technical work, he spent a year using the finite element method and the main thrust of the gear bearing the deformation under load and stress analysis for the design of a reliable data. Gears and gear modification with hard and soft design is one of the important innovations in this respect, he did a lot of theoretical analysis. As the incumbent's technical director, Changshan actively organized and participated in the preparation of gay identification of materials. In determining the list of persons, he did not his name listed. Changshan comrades said: 1) the results of scientific and technical personnel is the most important award, which related to job promotion, wages and other aspects; 2) The person in charge of the project although the old technology has been retired, but their contribution is a great project , and did technical work life, have a national award is a recognition of their work; 3) The award-winning staff places are limited, can not be responsible for items old and new people to write on, or other technical backbone is difficult to show its due value, though I am the project leader, but the contribution of technological innovation than about the other gay, are not included do not have to regret. Steam Turbine Geared Unit 167 items ship passed the Ministry of naval equipment, technology and results of identification, declaration and report to National Science and Technology Progress Award. Although the report did not list the names of Changshan, but it got old comrades Changshan technical experts and young technicians trust and praise. The project won the 2002 National Science and Technology Progress Award. 3, study diligently, the courage to technological innovation In 1998, the 113-ship plan sea training in navigation equipment, the left gear box suddenly damaged. Domestic experts and experts identified the German RENK Corporation, 113 ships left gear box was badly damaged and can no longer use, and three pump gear and pinion shaft oil pump must be renewed, the rest of the gear for further dismantling of attachments for damage repair. 113 ships of the left main gear box after a major failure, the Navy officers and organs attach great importance to the scene to understand the situation many times, listening to the reports requested. Ship gear box 113 with the world advanced level, there are not any repair experience, the manufacturing process, the data are not available to the domestic. Germany's lifting grade Ⅱ gear pump gear replacement program, not only involved in large projects, long cycle, high cost, is more serious is likely to have adverse consequences for the overall performance of ships. To solve this problem, Xu Zhenzhong in Changshan Ph.D. advisor under the leadership of researchers, 703 technical staff co-sponsored Huff gear program, Dr. Huff Changshan gear design, gear mesh stiffness and load analysis and a variety of program has done a lot of work compared for two-Huff gear and its application of innovative technologies to make a contribution. (1) Dual Huff gear technology is a major innovation The novel dual Huff gear, the four semi-circular ring structure using a special positioning accurately to form a complete gear, its performance and overall gear rather, successfully resolved the gear assembly stiffness, connection strength, assembly location, reference precision distortion control and a series of key technical issues, is a major innovation. The investigation of new, first of its kind in the world, to fill the gaps at home and abroad for the machinery contributed to the development of science. Huff's unique dual-gear structure, and the overall axial coils gear _set_ method to the conventional radial block installation, it is particularly applicable in a limited space without having to remove large pieces of the matrix and replace their gear maintenance of discoid project. (2) to break the technological monopoly of foreign companies for the country, the army fight the light Consider the lack of information and experience in the domestic, the company originally planned to invite experts to conduct technical guidance RENK. After several consultations, the German side does not provide information about design, technology does not assume any responsibility, according to the standard charging exorbitant fees, without any concessions. 113 ships left entirely on the domestic power gear box repair success, to break the technological monopoly of foreign companies and improve the technical data, training a repair team to repair accumulated experience, is a Navy research the introduction of equipment repair a major breakthrough for the country, army fight the light. (3) ensure that the 113-ship two major tasks 113 ship gearbox failure, is facing a certain type of missile tests and _set_ting visit two major tasks, gear box failure a direct impact on these two tasks. For various reasons, these two tasks must be borne by the 113-ship. 99 January, deputy commander of the Navy He Pengfei instructions: 113 ships this year, two major political task, the Navy _set_ a military order, with no escape route, be sure to succeed. As a result of the world's first dual-Huff gear innovations, successful completion of 11 days in advance of the gear box repair tasks, and perform two major tasks of 113 ships provided logistical support. (4) double application of innovative technology Hough Gear significant economic benefits created 113 ships left the gearbox in the year and a half after the repair of actual operation by 1485 hours (across the Pacific visited the United States and Canada), reliable performance, various technical indicators have reached the original design requirements, meet the requirements. 113 ships left the actual repair of the gearbox troubleshooting shared 5.6 million yuan. RENK by German companies if the scheme by foreign companies for repair, the increased commitment by the domestic part of the project involved a rough estimate, to be 25 million yuan or more. Therefore, dual Hough gear technology, the domestic unit for repair, saving 2 million yuan funds, but also saves a lot of foreign exchange for the country. January 2001, the Department of the Navy sent a letter to China Shipbuilding Industry Equipment Corporation in recognition of our hospital where the 113-ship 703 major failure of the left gear box repairs made outstanding contributions. Totally dependent on the successful completion of the domestic power gear box 113 troubleshooting repair ships, foreigners can do the things we do, and foreigners can not do the things we have done it for the country to win the honor. After ten years of hard work, Changshan comrades on their own theoretical basis and strong sense of innovation and technology for the development and application of gears made outstanding contributions. In their own posts, dedicated, innovative, have achieved outstanding results :1998-2000, three consecutive years as the first 703 advanced workers, Institute of dual culture model, and won the young and middle Harbin, the fourth session of the Youth Science and Technology Award of Heilongjiang Province, the seventh "Ten Outstanding Youth of Heilongjiang Province", the national defense industry system and the honorary title of model workers.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000
Changshan Pinyin: Changshan English name: RADIXDICHROAE Page number: 2000 edition -255 This product Saxifragaceae plants Changshan DichroafebrifugaLour.'s Dried root. Fall excavation, removal shall be Root, washed and dried. 【Properties】 This product was cylindrical, often curved reverse, or a branch, long 9 ~ 15cm, diameter of 0.5 ~ 2cm. Surface brown, with thin vertical stripes, the skin easy to peel, flake yellow wood exposed at the Ministry. Quality hard and difficult to break, break When the dust flying off; cross-section of yellow-white, ray white, radial. Odorless, bitter taste. Identification (1) cross-section of the product: cork cells in series. Narrow cortex, a small number of cells containing resin blocks or oxalic acid Needle crystal bundles of calcium. Phloem narrow beam of calcium oxalate raphides more. Was irregular wavy cambium ring. Accounted for the main part of the xylem Points, all wood-based, ray varies in width; catheter polygon, a single or a few scattered together, some filled with yellow invasion of the body. Parenchyma cells containing starch grains. (2) take the product powder of about 2g, plus 70% ethanol 10ml, refluxed for 15 minutes, let cool, filtered, the filtrate evaporated Residue plus 1% hydrochloric acid 2ml, mixing, filtration. Take filtrate, potassium iodine test solution 2 drops of bismuth, which produce brown Shen Lake. 【】 Changshan processing to remove impurities, separate size, soak, run through, cut thin slices, dried in the sun. Changshan take Changshan fried slices, according to Fried method (Appendix Ⅱ D) stir-fry until pale deep. 【】 Meridian of flavor and bitter, acrid, cold; toxic. In the lungs, liver, heart. 【Functions and Indications】 cut malaria, robbery sputum. For malaria. 【Usage and Dosage】 5 ~ 9g. 【Note】 have emetic side effects, dosage should not be too big, pregnant women with caution. 【Storage】 home ventilated and dry place.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 Edition
Name: Changshan Pinyin: Changshan English name: RADIX DICHROAE Base of the original: This product Saxifragaceae plants Changshan Dichroa ferifuga Lour.'s Dried root. Fall excavation, removal of fibrous roots, washed and dried. Characters: This product was cylindrical, often curved reverse, or branch, long 9-15cm, diameter of 0.5-2cm. Surface brown, with thin vertical stripes, the skin easy to peel, flake yellow wood exposed at the Ministry. Quality hard and difficult to break, break dust flying from time to time; cross-section of yellow-white, ray white, radial. Gas micro, bitter taste. Identification: (1) cross-section of the product: cork cells in series. Phelloderm narrow, a small number of cells containing resin blocks or bundles of calcium oxalate raphides. Phloem narrow beam of calcium oxalate raphides more. Was irregular wavy cambium ring. Accounts for the main part of the xylem are lignified, ray varies in width; catheter polygon, a single or a few scattered together, some filled with yellow invasion of the body. Parenchyma cells containing starch grains. (2) take the product powder of about 2g, plus 70% ethanol 10ml, refluxed for 15 minutes, let cool, filtered, the filtrate evaporated and the residue plus 1% hydrochloric acid solution, 2ml, mixing, filtration. Take filtrate, potassium iodine test solution 2 drops of bismuth, which produce brown precipitate. Processing methods: Changshan to remove impurities, separate size, soak, run through, cut thin slices, dried in the sun. Changshan take Changshan fried slices, according to Fried method (Appendix Ⅱ D) the mere mention of the deep fry. Nature: Bitter, acrid, cold; toxic. Meridian: In the lungs, liver, heart. Efficacy: Cut malaria, robbery sputum. Indications: For malaria. Dosage: 5-9g. Medication contraindications: Have emetic side effects. Dosage should not be too large; pregnant women with caution. Storage: Home ventilated and dry place. Chinese and Western medicine Category: Chinese medicine (herbs and Pieces)
