[Source] Liliaceae (liliaceae) Fritillaria fritillaria cirrhosa d. don, dark purple Fritillaria fritillaria unibracteata hsiao et kchsia, Gansu Fritillaria fritillaria przewalskii maxim. or shuttle sand Fritillaria fritillaria delavayi ftanch. dried bulbs. The first three were different traits often called "sombe" and "Green Bay", the latter often called "the furnace shell." Summer and autumn when snow melts or excavation, removal of fibrous roots, bark and sand, dried or low temperature drying. [Geographic distribution] Fritillaria is mainly produced in Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan and other provinces. Dark purple Fritillaria main producing four Chuana dam Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Fritillaria main producing Gansu Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and other [Medicinal characteristics] Sumbe class was nearly spherical or conical, high 0.3 ~ 0.8cm, diameter 0.3 ~ 0.9cm. Surface white. Outer scale leaves 2, size disparity, big hug small flap valve, not to hold part of the crescent-shaped, often called "bosom month"; top closure. There are classes cylindrical, slightly pointed tip of the heart and small scale leaf buds from 1 to 2. Apex obtuse or slightly pointed, flat bottom, slightly concave, the center has a gray-brown bulb plate, with occasional remnants of fibrous roots. Hard and brittle, the cross section of white, rich powder. Gas micro, taste bitter. Green Bay was the class of flat spherical, high 0.4 ~ 1.4cm, diameter 0.4 ~ 1.6cm. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, the relative cohesion, the top cracking. Buds and small scales determined within two to three leaves and thin cylindrical residual stems. Lo Pui elongated conical, high 0.7 ~ 2.5cm, diameter 0.5 ~ 2.5cm. Surface white (white Lo Pui) or light yellow (yellow Lo Pui), some with brown spots. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, slightly pointed top cracking, base slightly sharp or blunt. [Main chemical ingredient] Chuanbei commodity complex, the separation of Fritillaria C prime (fritimine) from commodity Chuanbei. Mother of pearl shell containing alkali Gansu Min (minpeimine) and Min shellfish sub base (minpeiminine), Green Bay alkali (chinpeimine). Lo Lo Pui Pui containing alkali (fritiminine). [Indications] Heat lungs, lung. For Hyperactivity dry cough, cough with little phlegm, deficiency labor cough, expectoration of blood. 3 ~ 9g; powder blunt a 1 ~ 2g. [English name] bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae [Alias] fritillary, Fritillaria, shell mother [Source] This product Liliaceae Fritillaria fritillaria cirrhosa d.don, dark purple Fritillaria fritillaria unibracteata hsiao et kchsia, Gansu Fritillaria fritillaria przewalskii maxim. Or shuttle sand Fritillaria fritillaria delavayi franch. Dried bulbs. The first three were different traits often called "sombe" and "Green Bay", the latter often called "the furnace shell." Summer and autumn when snow melts or excavation, removal of fibrous roots, bark and sand, dried or low temperature drying. [Character] Sumbe: conical or nearly spherical form class, high 0.3 ~ 0.8cm, diameter 0.3 ~ 0.9cm. Surface white. Outer flap mattress, size disparity, big hug small flap valve, not to hold part of the crescent-shaped, often called "bosom month";? Top closure, there are classes cylindrical, slightly pointed tip buds and small hearts scale leaves 1 to 2; apex obtuse or slightly pointed, flat bottom, slightly concave, the center has a gray-brown bulb plate, with occasional remnants of fibrous roots. Hard and brittle, white section, rich powder. Gas micro, taste bitter. Green Bay: was class flat spherical, high 0.4 ~ 1.4cm, diameter 0.4 ~ 1.6cm. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, the relative cohesion, top cracking, buds and small scales determined within two to three leaves and thin cylindrical residual stems. Furnace shell elongated conical, high 0.7 ~ 2.5cm, diameter 0.5 ~ 2.5cm. Surface white or light yellow, some with brown spots. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, slightly pointed top cracking, base slightly sharp or blunt. Identification This product is white powder. Sumbe, many starch grains Green Bay, wide oval, oblong or irregular shaped, some uneven edges or slightly branched, diameter 5 ~ 64μm, umbilical point short slit-like, point-like, people shaped or horseshoe-shaped, laminated looming. Class epidermal cells rectangular, curved anticlinal walls microwave, occasionally infinitive holes, round or flat circle. Threaded pipe diameter 5 ~ 26μm. Wide oval starch grains furnace shell, shell-shaped, kidney-shaped or oval, to a diameter of about 60μm, who shaped umbilical point, star or dot, laminated obvious. Thread and textured duct diameters up 64μm. [Tropism of taste bitter, sweet, slightly cold. In the lungs, heart. [Indications] heat lungs, lung. For Hyperactivity dry cough, cough with little phlegm, deficiency labor cough, expectoration of blood. Cure coughing, spitting hemoptysis, cardiothoracic Yu Street, consumptive lung, lung abscess, pharyngitis, mastitis Dosage 3 ~ 9g; powdered water, a 1 ~ 2g. [Note] not with Aconitum herbs used. [Storage] ventilated and dry place, moth. Chinese medicine: autumn Li Gao, CHUANBEIPIBA Lu, Yangyinqingfei pills, bezoar qingfei scattered Tetsuteki pills, treasure ingots, Snake Chuanbei capsules, Fritillaria Gualou scattered Diet: Chuanbei rock sugar soup, stuffed pears fritillary [Excerpt] "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" [Overview] Fritillaria is a valuable lungs and cough medicines, the application of a long history, remarkable efficacy, famous. Because not only has good Fritillaria cough and phlegm effect, but also Yin Yang, Xuanfei, lungs and clearing lung heat cough Tan Chuan is blindly medicine treatment, so many treatment of acute bronchitis, bronchitis , tuberculosis and other diseases of Chinese proprietary or proprietary formulations have fritillary, such as gall bladder Chuanbei dew, dew, etc. CHUANBEIPIBA, this will enhance the effect of the treatment of the disease. [Source] Liliaceae Fritillaria fritillaria cirrhosa d.don, dark purple Fritillaria fritillariaunibracteatahsiaoetk.c.hsia, Gansu Fritillaria fritillaria przewalskii maxim. Or shuttle sand Fritillaria fritillaria delavayi franch. [Parts] dried medicinal bulb. [History] Fritillaria the name contained in the "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic", as the product, said:. "Fritillaria spicy level, the main typhoid Fanre, shower drain, evil hernia, pharyngitis milk difficult, Ajuga Wind spasm "Hongjing that:." shape poly Kaiko, named Mother of Pearl. " "Compendium of Materia Medica" and will fritillary Fritillaria separately, that fritillary sweet and lungs, if it is not used as the shell governance, Wind & Fire Tansou better. Deficiency in governance cough fritillary appropriate.
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Environment
Fritillaria grown in temperate mountains, highlands of broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, alpine shrub. The soil is brown mountains, alpine meadows and dark brown soil. Fritillaria wild at an altitude of 3500 to 4500 meters high cold regions, soil relatively moist sunny hillside. Distributed in the western and southwestern Sichuan Province, northwestern Yunnan, southern and eastern Tibet. The main production in Kangding, Ya Jiang, Kowloon, Danba, Daocheng, Derong, Xiangcheng, Xiaojin, Jinchuan; Tibet Mangkang, Gongjue, big river, Chaya, left grams Chayu; Deqin, Gongshan Zhongdian, rather ranunculus, Lijiang, Vesey, Fugong, Bijiang. Dark purple Fritillaria wild at an altitude of 3200 to 4500 meters, ample sunshine, humus-rich, loose soil prairie. Located in western Sichuan, southern Qinghai and southern Gansu. Mainly produced in Sichuan Hongyuan, Ruoergai, Songpan, Nanping, maowen, Blackwater, Lixian, Ping Wu, Malcolm, etc.; Qinghai Banma, long rule, up to date, Ganda, Ma Pei, Madoi, colleagues, with and Germany. Gansu wild Fritillaria between 2800 to 4400 meters high above sea level to the shrub or grass Cold Mountain. Located in western Sichuan, Qinghai, eastern and southern, southern Gansu. The main production in Kangding, Ya Jiang, Kowloon, Danba, Rangtang, Xiaojin, Jinchuan, Malcolm, Wenchuan, Melvin, Li County, Blackwater, Nanping; Southern Gansu, Min County, Yang County, Gangu, Wen County, Wudu; Qinghai Banma, long rule, up to date, Gander, Mary bleeding, Palit and so on. Soe sand rock crevice at an altitude of wild Fritillaria 4400 to 4600 meters high in the cold zone scree. Located in the southeast of northwestern Yunnan, western Sichuan, southern Qinghai and Tibet. The main production in Shiqu, Derge, Ganzi, Seda, white, New Dragon, Aba, etc.; Tibet Mangkang, Gongjue, Jiang Da, Zogang, Chaya, etc.; Yushu in Qinghai Province, said more and more miscellaneous, governance wait; Deqin, Gongshan, Fu Gong, Bijiang, Lijiang.
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Biological characteristics
Fritillaria likes the cold climatic conditions, with cold, wet hi, afraid of high temperature, like shading characteristics. Temperature reached 30 ℃ or ground temperature exceeds 25 ℃, the plants will wither; altitude low and high temperature areas can not survive. Fritillaria seeds with mature characteristics, maintain a certain humidity and temperature in 5 ~ 25 ℃, embryos continue to divide. Emergence of the first year of planting, the plants slender, only one leaf; leaves as big as a needle, said needle. Year 2 1-3 tablets with a single leaf, leaves unfold, called streamers leaves. The first three years are not pumping flowering stems, called tree shopping bag. The first four years of pumping flowering stems, flowering, said lanterns, fruit fruit known as gossip hammer. That began to grow bulbs in the seedling stage, only a grain of rice, after a year with the plant growth increases. Fritillaria plants growing in about 90 to 120 days. [Planting] planting Fritillaria be elected or semi-leeward Yin Yin is appropriate, and away from the wheat crop, to prevent rust infection, deep soil, loose texture, humus-rich sandy loam or oil as well. Fritillaria mainly propagated by seed before sowing seed cultivation and processing. Usually ships within 9 to 10 months before planting the next school. After sowing, before spring emergence, thrown off mulching materials, sub-plot scaffolding shade. Seed breeding, planting three or four years to harvest. Bulbs breeding, planting the second year from June to July fell postemergence harvest.
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Plant morphology
Fritillaria: perennial herb. Bulb crude 1 to 1.5 cm by 3 to 4 bulbs lobe hypertrophy composition. Stems 20 to 45 cm high, often above the middle with leaves. Lowermost two opposite, oblong to narrowly wide strip, blunt, long 4-6 cm wide and 0.4 to 1.2 cm, and the remaining three to five whorls or two pairs of students, dilute alternate. Narrow strip lanceolate, acuminate, the top number of curl, 6 to 10 cm long, 0.3 to 0.6 cm wide, with three uppermost whorls of leafy bracts, strip, top curl, 5 to 9 cm , 2-4 mm wide, single flower top students, drooping, bell-shaped; tepals 6, 3.5 to 4.5 cm long, oblong inner wheel, 1.1 to 1.5 cm wide, green, yellow to yellow, with veins and purple checkered markings, with retraction of the upper base nectaries; stamens about Tepals 1/2; filaments smooth; style stout; stigma 3-lobed, lobes about 5 mm. Dark purple Fritillaria: perennial herb, 15 to 25 cm. Bulb spherical or conical, the two scales together made for a diameter of 6 to 8 mm. Stems erect, simple, glabrous. Leaves below 1 to 2 pairs of opposite, sessile, 1 to 2 or scattered on the upper part of life, bar or strip lanceolate, 3.6 to 6.5 cm long, 3 to 7 mm wide, apex acute, not curled. Flowers solitary stem top, purple, there is a small brown box, leafy bracts 1, apex not curl; tepals 6,2 wheels, 2.5 to 2.7 cm long, the three obovate round shape, width l cm, outside three suboblong, width 6 mm; nectar nest slightly convex or not very obvious; stamens 6, anthers near the base of students, filaments with or without small papillae; ovary host, Room 3, stigma 3-lobed, lobes short suits show. Capsule oblong, with six edges. Flowering in June, fruiting in August. Gansu Fritillaria: perennial herb. Bulb crude 5 to 8 mm from 3 to 4 bulbs lobe hypertrophy composition. Stems 20 ~ 30 ~ (45) cm, often above the middle with leaves. 5 to 7 leaf, strip, 3.5 to 7.5 cm long, the lowermost two opposite, width 5 mm, the remaining alternate. The upper leaves attenuate, 2 meters wide, the top upper leaves slightly curled. Single flower top students, dilute to 2 flowers, drooping, bell-shaped flower; tepals 6, oblong to obovate-oblong, slightly obtuse, 2.2 to 3 cm long, 0.6 to 1 cm wide, outer slightly narrow and short, yellow, purple to dark purple scattered spots, top with oval nectary base; stamens 6, about as tepals 1/2; filaments in addition to the top outside densely papillae; style than 1 times ovary; together ovary slightly longer than stamens, stigma 3-lobed, capsule hexagonal prism, 1.2 to 1.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, with narrow wings. Fritillaria shuttle sand: perennial herb. Bulb crude 1.5 to 2 cm by 3 to 4 bulbs lobe hypertrophy composition. Stems 20 to 30 cm high, with leaves near the middle above. Leaves 3 to 5, the lower the alternate, the upper two sometimes opposite, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, blunt tip, base clasping, 3 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, the upper than the lower part of a short and narrow, sometimes 2 cm long, 0.7 cm wide, single flower top students, slightly drooping, bell-shaped flowers are wide; tepals 6, thick, long obovate to obovate oblong, 3 to 5 cm wide and 1 to 2 cm, the outer short and narrow, green, yellow, with dark parallel veins and purple spots, the top base with 6 ~ 10 mm, a width of 2 mm nectary pockets; stamens 6, about tepals 1/2; style than the ovary, together with ovary slightly longer than stamens; stigma 3-lobed, lobes about 1 mm. Harvesting and processing [home] Fritillaria species, both wild harvested in June and July. Fritillaria avoid washing, drying after Spreading gallery dug in a timely manner; to one day be able to semi-sun, can the sun to dry the next day as well; Do not dry on the dam, concrete or iron. Turning bamboo, wood without hand, when the skin is not Fritillaria was pink and white, not flip. After drying, loading sacks shake, twist off the sediment, and root can be.
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Medicinal properties
Gansu Fritillaria Fritillaria bulbs and dried, is medicinal, "Green Bay" mainstream varieties; dark purple Fritillaria dry bulb, is medicine "sombe" mainstream varieties; shuttle dry sand Fritillaria bulbs, is medicine. " furnace shell "mainstream varieties. Sumbe: conical or nearly spherical form class, high 0.3 ~ 0.8cm, diameter 0.3 ~ 0.9cm. Surface white. Outer scale leaves 2, size disparity, big hug small flap valve, not to hold part of the crescent-shaped, often called "bosom month"; top closure, there are classes cylindrical, slightly pointed tip buds and hearts Small scale leaves 1 to 2; apex obtuse or slightly pointed, flat bottom, slightly concave, the center has a gray-brown bulb plate, with occasional remnants of fibrous roots. Hard and brittle, white section, rich powder. Gas micro, taste bitter. Green Bay: was class flat spherical, high 0.4 ~ 1.4cm, diameter 0.4 ~ 1.6cm. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, the relative cohesion, top cracking, buds and small scales determined within two to three leaves and thin cylindrical residual stems. Furnace shell: conical, 0.7 to 2.5 cm in diameter and 0.5 to 2.5 cm. Surface white or yellowish brown, some with brown spots. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size. Cracking slightly pointed tip. Base slightly sharp or blunt. Major Production in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu. [Indications] heat lungs, lung. For Hyperactivity dry cough, cough with little phlegm, deficiency labor cough, expectoration of blood. 【Storage】 Fritillaria easy to insects, damp moldy, discolored. Should be cool, dry storage.
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Identification of raw medicinal herbs
Fritillaria character identification dark purple, leaf Fritillaria, Gansu Fritillaria bulbs, different traits were often called "sombe" and "Green Bay" edge sand Fritillaria Xi said, "furnace shell" (1) sombe was Class conical or nearly spherical, high 0.3-0.8cm, diameter 0.3-0.9cm. Surface white. Outer scale leaves 2, size disparity, big hug small flap valve, not to hold part of the crescent-shaped, often called "the cup hold on;" top closure, there are classes cylindrical, slightly pointed tip buds and hearts Small scale leaves 1-2 pieces; apex obtuse or slightly pointed, flat bottom, slightly concave, the center has a gray-brown bulb plate, occasional residual thick fibrous roots. Root mass and brittle, white section, rich powder. Gas micro, taste bitter. (2) Green Bay was the class of flat spherical, high 0.4-1.4cm, diameter 0.4-1.6cm. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, the relative cohesion, top cracking, buds and small scales determined within 2-3 pieces and leaves a residue of fine cylindrical stems. (3) an elongated conical furnace shell, high 0.7-2.5cm, diameter 0.5-2.5cm. Surface white or light yellow, some with brown spots. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, slightly pointed top cracking, base slightly sharp or blunt. Microscopic identification powder characteristics: (1) dark purple Fritillaria white. ① starch grains very much. Single grain triangular-ovate, bulb-shaped, wide oval, shell-shaped, irregular shape, such as 4-7 edge, the edge slightly uneven, diameter 4-60μm, about 56 (-64) μm, umbilical little bit like, people shaped, short slit-like, laminated fine; complex particles, 2-3 classifying minority composition; semi-complex tablets are more single grain umbilical points. ② round holes, diameter 40-52μm, subsidiary cells 5-7. Epidermal cells larger, slightly longer wavy anticlinal walls curved; there are a few small parties of calcium oxalate crystals. (2) Leafroll Fritillaria white. Single grain starch grains and more cylindrical triangular-ovate, class or wide oval-shaped shell diameter of 5-56μm, about to 51μm, umbilical point occasionally, small dots or short slit-shaped, laminated fine; complex particles scarce, 2-4 grain composition; single grain occasionally two umbilical points. (3) edge Fritillaria white sand. Single grain starch grains were wide oval, pear-shaped, shield, some jagged edges, diameter 5-54μm, about to 66 (-76) μm, herringbone umbilical point, linear, or trigeminal horseshoe-shaped, laminated Obviously, complex particles composed of 2-5 points tablets; semi-complex tablets umbilical points 2-5; 2-5 umbilical point single grain more common. (4) Gansu Fritillaria white. Single grain starch grains circle triangle, triangle-shaped oval, round, bubble-shaped, square, etc. class, to a diameter of about 49μm, about to 56μm, the few micro convex edge, umbilical point herringbone, horseshoe-shaped, large font, star , trident-like, point-like, crack-like, layer pattern is not obvious; compound grain occasionally, 2 (-3) of grain composition; semi-complex tablets common, umbilical points 2-8; 2-8 single grain rare umbilical point . Product specifications Chuanbeisongbei two, etc., etc. Green Bay four, two furnaces and other shellfish. Sumbe Grade: Class conical or nearly spherical, scaly flap 2 large flap hug small flap, did not hold part of the crescent-shaped, closed top, flat bottom base. Sweet and bitter. Each 50g beyond 240, no yellow shell, shell oil, broken shell. Second: closed or open top, flat or nearly flat base. Each 50g less than 240. Inter-yellow shell, shell oil, crushed shells, broken shell, more than one and so on. Green Bay First: flat spherical or round, two scales are similar in size. Top closed or slightly open, relatively flat or rounded base. Surface white. Tasteless bitter. Each 50g beyond 190. Off valve does not exceed 20%. No yellow shell, shell oil, broken shell. Second: The first 50g in 130 outside. Off valve does not exceed 25%. Oil shellfish among flowers, yellow flowers shell, does not exceed 5%. No all-yellow shell, shell oil, broken shell. I the same and so on. Third: Each 50g in 100 outside. Off valve does not exceed 30%, between oil shell, broken shell, yellow shell does not exceed 5%. I with the second. Fourth: the top opening closed or more. Regardless of the size of grains. Both oil shell, broken shell, yellow shell, more than one and so on.
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Classification
There are several sources, namely, Fritillaria, dark purple Fritillaria, Gansu and shuttle sand Fritillaria Fritillaria. Fritillaria: perennial herb, cone-shaped bulbs, stems erect, 15-40cm. Leaves 2-3 pairs, often opposite, a few scattered across the middle or whorled, lanceolate to linear, apex slightly curled or not curled, sessile. Flowers solitary stem top, bell-shaped, drooping flowers with long, narrow shape of each leafy bracts 3, how much tip bent into a hook. Tepals 6, usually purple, green, less yellow, with purple spots or small squares, nectar nest in the north of the obvious bulge; capsule with 6 vertical fin. Flowers 5-July, fruiting August to October. Fritillaria dark purple leaves only 1-2 on the following for the students, but are alternate or nearly opposite, apex not curly, leafy bracts 1. Perianth purple, slightly yellow squares, nectar nest obvious. Winged fruit on very narrow edge. Flowering in June, fruiting in August. Tropism of taste: Fritillaria bitter, sweet, slightly cold. In the lungs, heart. Indications: The taste bitter, slightly cold, the lung, with power Huatanzhike heat can be used to treat phlegm cough, expectoration of thick yellow card; another and Sweet, Gushan lungs cough, treatment of pulmonary cough sputum less sticky heat of the card, and Yin deficiency, such as labor cough dry cough; There sanjie open Gong Yu, the treatment of chest tightness, phlegm each knot caused up_set_ of the card, and scrofula sputum nucleus disease. In addition, Fritillaria and cuttlefish bone, licorice powder, namely Hoube scattered, effective treatment of stomach ulcers. Usage: Oral :3-10g; research powder blunt, each 1-1.5g trans Aconitum. Alpine cough should not be used. Chinese medicine: autumn Li Gao, CHUANBEIPIBA Lu, Yangyinqingfei pills, bezoar qingfei scattered Tetsuteki pills, treasure ingots, Snake Chuanbei capsules, Fritillaria Gualou scattered Diet: Chuanbei rock sugar soup, fritillary stuffed pears.
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No. 8
Fritillaria ("Southern Yunnan Materia Medica") Synonyms】 【gadfly ("Book of Songs"), yellow horsefly ("pipe"), velvetleaf ("Seoul juvenile"), Fritillaria, empty grass ("Classic"), Tony Father, drugs real ("Ya") , bitter flowers, herbs, ground mother ("Do not record"). [Source] Liliaceae Fritillaria leaf curl, or black flower Fritillaria Fritillaria bulbs sand ridge. 【】 ① leaf curl Fritillaria plant morphology Perennial herb, 15 to 55 cm. Bulb conical or nearly spherical, the diameter of 5 to 12 mm. Stems erect, green or purple microstrip brown, with small gray spots. Leaves the students in the part of the stem portion of 1/3 or 1/5, usually the lower opposite, the upper 3 impeller life, less for the alternate; leaves linear, 5 to 12 cm wide and 2-10 mm, apex curly tendrils were . Flowers solitary stem tip, rarely two, pendulous, bell-shaped; perianth 6, diamond-shaped oval, 2.5 to 3 cm long, the outer 3 compared to embrace, apex obtuse or pointed tip, yellow-green , with purple veins and veins box: stamens 6, 1 to 1.5 cm long; ovary 3 rooms, style thick, anti-stigma 3 discrimination suits. Capsule hexagonal rectangle, 7 to 20 mm, diameter of 12 mm. Seeds thin flat, semicircular, yellow. Flowering in June. Fruit ripening in August. Born in alpine meadows or wet bushes. Distributed in Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai. Fritillaria similar morphology and leaf curl, but this kind of bulb cone, 6 to 8 mm in diameter. The lower leaves often opposite, the upper alternate or nearly opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate, 4 ~ 6.5 cartridges meters wide and 3 to 5 mm, apex not curl. Tepals 2 to 2.5 cm long, the outer oblong, obovate inner wheel moments outside of concentrated purple, green and yellow in the face with irregular purple spots and veins; filaments densely haired. Health mountains on the sunny grass. Distribution junction of Sichuan and Qinghai. ③ edge sand Fritillaria, aka: Tony Snow. Perennial herb, 25 to 40 cm. Bulbs conical, diameter of 1.5 to 2 cm, scale leaves 6 to 10. Green-brown stems. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, sessile, base slightly clasping, green-brown or purple-brown: leaves long oval, about 4 cm long, 5 to 20 mm wide, apex not curl, above narrow leaves, apical Leaves lanceolate. Flowers solitary stem tip; perianth long ovate, 3-4 cm long, yellow-green, and a dark purple-brown parallel veins and punctuation, central base with long 6 mm wide and 2 mm hole in the gland; stamens 6, filaments glabrous. Capsule length 16 mm. Seeds oval, winged, about the size of 2 to 3 mm; flowering in May. Fruit of July. Born in the alpine zone. Distribution of Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet and other places. [Medicine] Fritillaria goods mainly Sumbe, Green Bay, furnace shell 3 categories. Sumbe, Green Bay's original plant leaf curl mother of pearl, black flower Fritillaria; furnace shell raw edge sand plant Fritillaria. ① sombe Dried bulbs, all conical, pointed or slightly pointed tip diameter of 4 to 12 mm, the smallest particles known as "the pearl oyster." Cheng yellowish white surface, the external scales for the two leaves, a large, slightly horseshoe, a small one, slightly lanceolate, relative cohesion, its small scale leaves the bag a few pieces. Bottom center, there is a small, hard disk bulbs, under which the residual minority fibrous scar. Regardless of particle size, can stand upright, not cracking the top. Hard and brittle, rich powder, white section, granular. Gas weak, slightly bitter taste. Solid quality, neat uniform particles, the top does not crack, color white, pink paw preferred. Primary production in Sichuan (Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture), is the best product in Chuanbei. ② Green Bay Dried bulbs, Chengbian spherical or slightly conical, particles and more distorted, 5 to 10 mm in diameter and 1 to 1.6 cm. Appearance of yellowish white color, top cracked, flat or slightly pointed, the outer scale leaves two almost equal size, the tomb of the Department often fibrous residue. Off white flour, granular, rich powder and solid. Gas-free, tasteless. With small uniform grain, color white, pink paw preferred. The main production Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan junction, quality is also excellent. ③ furnace shell Dried bulbs, such as horse elongated conical teeth, top tip, 1 to 2 cm in diameter and about 1 to 1.5 cm. Appearance white or yellowish-white and have yellow spots, forming a tiger, often called "tiger Pibei." 2 outer scale leaves of equal size, the top cracking, more pointed or rounded base. Section were significantly pink and white, silty and compared with Kennedy. Gas weak, tasteless. Quality solid color white is preferred. Primary production in Sichuan (Chamdo), Yunnan (Deqin, Dali), inferior quality Sumbe, Green Bay. In addition, there are the following types, but also for Fritillaria use: ① Min shellfish, dried plants in Gansu Fritillaria bulbs. Bulbs conical. Born in the lower part of the leaf opposite, lanceolate to linear, 5-9 cm wide, 5 to 10 mm, apex obtuse; upper leaves alternate, opposite, or 3 impeller life, and more into a linear, apex bend. Flowers bell-shaped, drooping, perianth 3 to 4.5 cm long, yellow, purple spots, filaments with papillae. The main production of Gansu. Green Bay seemed medicinal properties, but color than white. ② Fritillary, Fritillaria plants dry bulb. Bulbs are round and flat. Lower impeller life, the upper leaves opposite or alternate, linear, 9-12 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, apex acuminate, was tendril-like. Flowers solitary and axillary, narrowly bell-shaped, drooping, perianth 2 to 3 cm long, purple yellow, with numerous yellow mark. Herbs round and flat, high 5 to 8 mm in diameter and 1 to 2 cm. Surface white or light brown, thick outer two scales, similar in size to each other to encircle the top often cracking. Section granular, silty, solid. Gas sour, bitter taste. The main production of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places. ③ raw shellfish, plants irbesartan mother (aka: Sibelius mother) dry bulb. Irbesartan mother bulb oval. Leaves alternate or opposite, sessile, lower leaves broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 4 to 11 cm wide and 22 to 30 mm, the top impeller, linear to lanceolate, apex not show tendrils. Flowers solitary or 2 to 6 into a bundle, the top students, bell-shaped, 3 to 4.5 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, yellow or white tepals green, inside there are obvious dark spots. Oblate spherical or flat herbs conical, very irregular size and shape, high 1 to 2 cm in diameter and 1.5 to 2.5 cm. Surface yellowish-white, have yellow spots, sharp or flat top, cracking or cracking, flat and concave base, the outer scales and some like Fritillaria and thin, brown inner surface. Light and loose, broken surface granular, microstrip gray matter. Gas faint, bitter or salty taste. In solid and powder resistance, without salt is preferred. The main production Xinjiang. ④ North Bay, to plant a dry fritillary bulb. A fritillary bulb flat spherical diameter of 1 cm or less. Leaves 4 to 5 rounds Born stem section (only one, sometimes two), and the remaining leaves opposite or alternate, blade tip is not curled. Flowers solitary, dark purple, the yellow spots. Nissan North and Northeast. [Cooked] pick impurities, water and a little bubble, remove, moistening, ripped the heart, and dried. ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "Where so Fritillaria willow ash before the gun so yellow, broke broken, there is greater Michelin one tiny piece of heart after the fry mixed with glutinous rice in 磝 go on the nose and mouth, to be beige cooked, then remove to meter. " ② "Herbal said hook element": "ginger foam, to the heart." [Taste] Kugan, cool. ① "by": "spicy, flat." ② "Do not record": "bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic." ⑧ "Tang Materia Medica": "taste joys, not Sim." [] To the human lung. ① Wang Hao Gu: "lung." ② "concocted herbal solutions Thunder": "into the heart, lung two classics." ③ "Herbal Classic solution:" start lunar lung, hand Yangming large intestine. " 【Indications】 lungs and relieves congestion, Cough and phlegm. Cure coughing, spitting hemoptysis, cardiothoracic stagnation, consumptive lung, lung abscess, galls, inexpensive scrofulaceum, pharyngitis, mastitis. ① "The Classic": "Lord typhoid Fanre, leaching Lek evil, hernia refer, pharyngitis, breast difficult, Ajuga wind spasm." ② "Do not record": "Spa belly strong, the heart is full, wash bad cold, dizziness, items straight, upper airway cough, ending Fanre thirsty, sweating, five organs, Lee marrow." ③ "resistance": "Governance and Hot, for the end of the service of the Lord dystocia; rid afterbirth not, take seven late, the wine under; late, eye to skin shade; main chest inverse gas treatment when the disease jaundice, and Gall disease with the main items under the forsythia. " ④ "Japan Hanako Materia Medica":. "Phlegm, Run cardiopulmonary end, and sugar-containing pills, Cough; burning ash deposited oil and livestock malignant sore." ⑤ "Herbal mention": "Can scattered mind stagnation of the gas." ⑥ "Materia Medica will be wrapped):" Governance consumptive cough, vomiting hemoptysis, consumptive lung lung abscess, mastitis woman, Ji Zhu Yu's ulcer syndrome. " ⑦ "Materia Medica is": "drop due to heat in the legs and chest mastitis flow sputum tuberculosis." ⑧ "Materia Medica": "cure cancer and ulcers, can protect the heart Tori convergence detoxification." [Usage and dosage] Oral: decoction, 1 to 3 money; or into pills, powder. Topical: powder and sprinkle or transfer deposited. [Taboo] spleen and stomach, and there should not be wet phlegm. ① "Herbal Classic _set_ Zhuang": "Magnolia, whom so evil SJ Bai Wei Wei Gentiana, alum stone, Mangcao anti Aconitum ..." ② "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "dampness phlegm cough and dyspepsia pyrophlegm for wet phlegm in the stomach, nausea Yu Tu, phlegm as chills and fever, dizziness and stomach wet sputum for the evil I Jue headache, vomiting, stomach as vent and disable . " [Election] ① Hyperactivity cough, dry throat: see the mother (to heart) one and a half or two, licorice (Sunburn) third, almonds (peeled soup dip, sharp, fried) one and a half or two. On the shamisen, pound, to the end, refining pill as large marbles. Of the pharynx with Jin. ("St. Francis" Fritillaria pill) ② storm was wounded cough: Fritillaria (peace of mind) third, Coltsfoot, ephedra (to root ganglion), almonds (soup dip, peeled, sharp, double-jen, fried research) one or two, licorice (Sunburn file) third. The flavors, chopped coarse sieve, each serving three money dagger, a cup of water, three pieces of ginger, fry seventh, to the dregs, warm clothes, when informal. ("St. Francis" Fritillaria soup) ③ After treatment of typhoid violent cough, Chuanji; want to lung wilt, labor cough: Fritillaria two halves (simmer make yellowish). Kikyo twelve (go reed head), licorice twelve (Sunburn micro red, filing), Aster twelve (wash seedling soil), almond half two (soup dip, peeled, sharp, double kernels, bran fried yellow) . Luo pound on the drug for the end of refining pill such as the Indus child. Each serving excluding the time to drink porridge twenty pills; such as marbles, Mian Xiang a pill containing the pharynx is also good. ("Sheng Hui Li" Fritillaria pill) ④ cure cough asthma boring: Fritillaria (to the heart, bran fried) and a half or two, licorice (Sunburn) a minute. Romania is the second flavor pound bulk, such as two-year-old child, every money dagger, water, seventh, fry a quarter, to the dregs, a little late into the bezoar, divided into two after eating warm clothes, but the amount of child size subtraction . ("San Franciscans overall record," Mother of Pearl Powder) ⑤ cure whooping cough: Fritillaria five money, the former yellow turmeric, Tinglizi, Morus alba, white, aristolochic each fifth. Were rolling as a very fine and _set_ aside. 1.5 to 3 years old, every two minutes; 4 to 7 years old, every fifth; 8 to 10 years old, every seventh, both three times a day, warm water red, white sugar or honey can Zhuojia children. ("Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine" (2): 36,1965) ⑥ governance Jiusou pharynx Essentials nuisance, nausea, sore throat, hemoptysis: Fritillaria not with how much to fine mixing honey and pills, such as marbles, each serving a pill, after eating with technology, day to three. ("Chicken peak Puji Fang" Fritillaria pill) ⑦ Zhifei lung carbuncle wilt: Chuanbei twelve, Tianzhu Huang, borax, and one each in money, clams fifth (Cuchao). To the end, brushing with honey roast loquat, Aogao as pills, Gorgon big hold in the mouth pharynx. ("Medical grade" Fritillaria including phlegm pill) ⑧ cure vomiting epistaxis, or hair, or ended, all the accumulated heat-induced heart Tibet: Fritillaria twelve (gun so yellow). Pound Shiloh as a casual, excluding the time to tune the next two warm syrup money. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ⑨ cure depression does not stretch, mediastinoscopy is not wide: Fritillaria to the heart, ginger fried research, ginger batter pill every seventy pills. ("Collection efficiency side") ⑩ lower gas phlegm, cough stagnation, digestion in addition to inflation: Fritillaria (to heart) twelve, Ginger Magnolia half. Wu Zi pill, white soup the next fifty per pill. ("Health Miscellaneous Xing") Under ⑾ milk: oysters, Anemarrhena, Fritillaria, three things fine, with trotters soup tune. ("Herbal Decoction" three female casual) ⑿ cure scrofula would poison: dish mother, saponins each child catty. Fine, with saponins catty file broken, rub concentrated water filtration for sub-cream, and Yaomo, Wanru Firmianae. Each serving of wine under five, seventy pill in the morning. ("Xi Ji Fang" Fritillaria pill) ⒀ rule Houbi swelling: Fritillaria, tonkinensis, bellflower, licorice, Nepeta, mint, decoction. ("Herbal Qieyao") ⒁ cure mastitis on_set_: Fritillaria end, each serving two money transfer under the warm wine, that is covered by his hands on the table, hanging milk for a long time been through. ("Ren Jai at plus) ⒂ cure cold tears head faint: Fritillaria a pepper seven, to the end point. ("Confucian pro-door thing") ⒃ treat children goose mouth mouthful of white rot: Fritillaria to the heart at the end, half the money, water-fifth, a little honey, fried three boiling, wipe the net pay, day four or five degrees. ("Sheng Hui Fang")
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Alias Daquan
[Alias] fritillary, horseflies, yellow horsefly, Xi, Fritillaria, empty grass, shellfish father, real medicine, bitter flowers, herbs, ground mother, Fritillaria sharp, sharp shell, leaf mother of pearl, mother of pearl sand ridge , Tony Snow, bird flower Fritillaria, dark purple Fritillaria, Gansu, mother of pearl, mother of David Beckham, commercial grass, mother of a dragon, A Pika (Tibetan name). [Product name] Fritillaria: also known as Beijing fritillary, Sibelius mother, Sibelius, Xinjiang shellfish, irbesartan, irbesartan mother, Sumbe, blue see, furnace shell, Min shellfish, fritillary, sharp shells, flat Tony. Underground bulb plants Fritillaria hundred units, dark purple Fritillaria, Gansu Fritillaria, Fritillaria edge sand, black flower Fritillaria. Mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Tibet and other places. Quality firm, white, pink paw preferred. Sumbe: Another Mingsongpanbei, sombe mother. Is produced in Fritillaria Songpan region. Plants leaf curl and dark purple Fritillaria Fritillaria bulbs. Best quality. Pearl oyster: To sombe in smaller individuals. Green Bay: Green, also known as mother of pearl. Is produced in Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places of Fritillaria. To leaf curl and dark purple Fritillaria Fritillaria bulbs. Quality is also excellent. Furnace shell: aka Tony know, know fritillary, Fritillaria furnace, Pibei tiger, tiger Fritillaria. Is produced in Gansu and other places of Fritillaria. Edge of the sand plant Fritillaria bulbs. Min Bei: aka Min Fritillaria. Fritillaria is produced in Gansu region. Fritillaria bulbs to plant in Gansu Province. Fritillary; aka Fritillaria. Fritillaria is produced in the Northeast. Fritillaria bulbs to plant. Sibelius: Tony fork name Xinjiang, Xinjiang fritillary, Fritillaria, Fritillaria Tianshan, irbesartan, irbesartan mother, raw shellfish, raw Fritillaria, Sibelius mother. Irbesartan mother plants or Xinjiang and Beach Fritillaria Fritillaria bulbs. North Bay: Fritillaria bulbs to plant one. Mainly produced in North China and other places.
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Fritillaria - Bai Fritillaria
Fritillaria - Bai Fritillaria Bulbus Fritillariae Taipaiensis (English) Taipei Fritillary Bulb Alias sharp shell. Source Liliaceae Fritillaria Fritillaria taipaiensis PY Li Bai bulbs. Perennial plant morphology, high 30 ~ 40cm. Bulb diameter 1 ~ 1.5cm. Leaves opposite, some Central and 3 to 4 whorls or scattered, strip to strip lanceolate, long 5 ~ 10cm, width 3 ~ 7 (~ 12) mm, apex and some slightly bent. Flowers solitary, each flower has three leafy bracts, bracts sometimes shoot apex bend, but never curled; tepals 6, long 3 ~ 4cm, green, yellow, no grid spots, usually only in the tepals apex near the edge on both sides with purple spots; outer three narrowly obovate oblong, width 9 ~ 12mm, apex rounded; inner wheel 3 subspatulate upper width 12 ~ 17mm, the base width of 3 ~ 5mm, apex sudden convex and blunt, nectar nest a few do not protrude or slightly convex; anthers near the base of filaments usually with small papillae; style split part of a long 3 ~ 4mm. Capsule long 1.8 ~ 2.5cm, narrowly winged edge on the wide 0.5 ~ 2mm. Flowering from May to June, the fruit of June and July. Born in 2400 ~ 3150m altitude slopes of grass or water, the main producing Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan and Hubei. Plucking with dark purple Fritillaria. Characters bulb flat oval or conical, diameter 0.6 ~ 1.2cm, height 4 ~ 8mm. Surface white, smooth. Near the outer two other large scale leaf, top cracking, bottom flat. Bitter taste. Chemical composition containing alkaloids. Indications same taste and dark purple Fritillaria.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000
Fritillaria Pinyin: Chuanbeimu English name: BULBUSFRITILLARIAECIRRHOSAE Page number: 2000 -27 edition of a This product Liliaceae Fritillaria FritillariacirrhosaD.Don, dark purple Fritillaria Fritillaria unibracteataHsiaoetK.C.Hsia, Gansu Fritillaria FritillariaprzewalskiiMaxim. Or shuttle sand Fritillaria FritillariadelavayiFranch. Dried bulbs. The first three characters are different learning Called "sombe" and "Green Bay", the latter often called "the furnace shell." Summer and autumn when snow melts or excavation, removal of fibrous roots, Bark and sand, dried or low temperature drying. [Character] was kind Sumbe conical or nearly spherical, high 0.3 ~ 0.8cm, diameter 0.3 ~ 0.9cm. Surface class White. Outer scale leaves 2, size disparity, big hug small flap valve, not to hold part of the crescent-shaped, often called "bosom month"; Top closure, there are classes cylindrical, slightly pointed tip of the heart and small scale leaf buds from 1 to 2; apex obtuse or slightly pointed, at the end Ministry of flat, slightly concave, the center has a gray-brown bulb plate, with occasional remnants of fibrous roots. Hard and brittle, white section, rich pink Sex. Gas micro, taste bitter. Green Bay was the class of flat spherical, high 0.4 ~ 1.4cm, diameter 0.4 ~ 1.6cm. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, Relative cohesion, top cracking, buds and small scales determined within two to three leaves and thin cylindrical residual stems. Furnace shell elongated conical, high 0.7 ~ 2.5cm, diameter 0.5 ~ 2.5cm. Surface white or light yellow, Of a brown spots. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, slightly pointed top cracking, base slightly sharp or blunt. Identification of the product powder white. Sumbe, many starch grains Green Bay, wide oval, oblong or irregular shaped, some slightly uneven edges or Branched diameter of 5 ~ 64μm, umbilical point short slit-like, point-like, man-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, laminated looming. Epidermis Cell types rectangular, curved anticlinal walls microwave, occasionally infinitive holes, round or flat circle. Threaded pipe diameter of 5 ~ 26μm. Wide oval starch grains furnace shell, shell-shaped, kidney-shaped or oval, to a diameter of about 60μm, umbilical point herringbone-like star Or dot-shaped, laminated obvious. Thread and textured duct diameters up 64μm. [Meridian] taste with bitter, sweet, slightly cold. In the lungs, heart. 【Functions and Indications heat lungs, lung. For Hyperactivity dry cough, cough with little phlegm, deficiency labor cough, cough Bloody sputum. [Usage and dosage] 3 ~ 9g; powdered water, a 1 ~ 2g. [Note] not with Aconitum herbs used. [Storage] ventilated and dry place, moth.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition
Name: Fritillaria Pinyin: Chuanbeimu English name: BULBUS FRITILLARIAE CIRRHOSAE Base of the original: This product Liliaceae Fritillaria Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don. Dark purple Fritillaria Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia, Gansu Fritillaria Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. Or shuttle sand Fritillaria Fritillariadelavayi Franch. Dry bulb. The first three were different traits often called "sombe" and "Green Bay", the latter often called "the furnace shell." Summer and autumn when snow melts or excavation, removal of fibrous roots, bark and sand, dried or low temperature drying. Properties: Sumbe class was nearly spherical or conical, high 0.3-0.8cm. Diameter 0.3-0.9cm. Surface white. Outer scale leaves 2, size disparity. Big hug small flap valve, not drag crescent-shaped section, commonly known as "bosom month"; top closure, there are classes cylindrical, slightly pointed tip of the heart and small scale leaf bud 1-2 pieces; apex obtuse round or slightly pointed, flat bottom, slightly concave, the center has a gray-brown bulb plate, with occasional remnants of fibrous roots. Hard and brittle, white section, rich powder. Gas micro, taste bitter. Green Bay was the class of flat spherical, high 0.4-1.4cm, diameter 0.4-1.6cm. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, the relative cohesion, top cracking, buds and small scales determined within 2-3 pieces and leaves a residue of fine cylindrical stems. Furnace shell elongated conical, high 0.7-2.5cm, diameter 0.5-2.5cm. Surface white or light yellow, some with brown spots. Outer scale leaves 2, the same size, slightly pointed top cracking, base slightly sharp or blunt. Identification: This product is white powder. Sumbe, many starch grains Green Bay, wide oval, oblong or irregular shaped, some uneven edges or slightly branched, diameter 5-64μm, umbilical point short slit-like, point-like, people shaped or horseshoe-shaped, laminated looming. Class epidermal cells rectangular, curved anticlinal walls microwave, occasionally infinitive holes, round or flat circle. Threaded pipe diameter 5-26μm. Laminating starch grains wide oval, shell-shaped, kidney-shaped or oval, to a diameter of about 60μm, who shaped umbilical point, star or dot, laminated obvious. Catheters and catheter diameter textured thread up 64μm. Check: Determination of water according to water (Appendix Ⅸ H first method), not more than 15.0%. The total ash content should not exceed 5.0% (Appendix Ⅸ K). Acid insoluble ash not more than 0.5% (Appendix Ⅸ K). Extract: Hot-dip method according to alcohol-soluble extract assays under (Appendix Ⅹ A) measured with dilute ethanol as a solvent, not less than 9.0%. Taste: Bitter, sweet, slightly cold. Meridian: In the lungs, heart. Efficacy: Heat lungs, lung. Indications: For Hyperactivity dry cough, cough with little phlegm, deficiency labor cough, expectoration of blood. Dosage: 3-9g; powdered water, a 1-2g. Drug contraindications: Not with Aconitum herbs used. Storage: Ventilated and dry place, moth. Western medicine Category: Chinese medicine (herbs and Pieces)
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Chinese herbal medicine
BULBUS FRITILLARIAE CIRRHOSAE
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Science knowledge
Fritillaria (tendrilleaf fritillary) Fritillaria Fritillaria (Liliaceae) species, scientific name Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, perennial herb. Bulbs for medicinal purposes. China Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan provinces, have distributed, and there is a small area of cultivation. Plants with dark purple Fritillaria F.unibracteata Hsiao et KCHsia and Gansu Fritillaria F.przewalskii Maxim., Generic or Fritillaria Fritillaria. A small area of cultivation. Shuttle sand Fritillaria F.delavayi Franch. Fritillary also be used. Height 15-50cm. Bulb ovoid. Leaves opposite, a few in the middle of both alternate or whorled. Flowers solitary stem end, purple. Capsule oblong, Seeds numerous, small. Flowering from June to July. Fruit ripening period from July to August. Distributed in altitude 2800-4700m high mountain areas, cold, avoid high temperature, seedling need shade, growing season from March to April. Embryo after-ripening of the seed, and subject to appropriate a certain period of cold, cooked after the completion of the embryo to germinate after sowing. Before sowing the seeds need to be cooked after handling. The method of cellaring, pit depth and width of each 60cm, after the seed threshing, soaked in water for about 24 hours, plus 4 times the sand mix, sprinkle in the pit entry, roof moss plants or mats, and digging drainage ditches. Seeds every 20 days or so flip once to freeze up no longer flip. The following year after the thaw, timely sowing. Also take advantage of the skin is dry threshing and sowing. Seeding mulch about 1cm. Sowing 3-4 seeds per square limit. After sowing should cover leaves and other coverings. The following spring emergence, seedlings need proper shade of using appropriate scaffolding or interplanted crops. Each spring before emergence, postemergence dressing rotted manure dry autumn, winter Qimian thick cover, frost and drought. Dredging ships around July when the withered leaf stems, washed, dried or dried with charcoal, and finally smoked with sulfur white collection. Chemical composition containing propylene Tony Su (Fritimine), Tony Su Min A (Minpeimine), Tony Su Min B (Minpeiminime), Green Bay hormone (Chinpeimine) and other alkaloids. Sweet, bitter, slightly cold. There lungs, cough, phlegm and relieves congestion effect.