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Upper Cave Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District keel cultural sites located in the mountains, 50 km from the city, is world-famous ancient human sites, Su said, "Peking Man's home." "Peking Man" is living in the back some 25-60 million years ago, early humans. They have mountains of limestone caves in the keel where a lot of living left behind artifacts, relics and bones. Especially the large number of fire evidence that the "Peking Man" was already heating can fire, cooked food and scare the beast, for the study of human evolution provides a lively and positive force. In addition to "Peking Man" site, but here also found about 10 million years ago, "New Cave Man" fossil about 20,000 years ago, "Upper Cave Man" fossils and other vertebrate fossil site, constitutes a natural biological history and human history "museum." Zhoukoudian site discovered and excavated from 1921 onwards, have been dug under 40 meters. Like a deep well. Accumulation has been digging holes deposits less than half full. "Peking Man" fossils from the first layer to layer 3 ll have found a total of six excavated bones, skull fragments of 12, the mandible 15, the teeth 157, the femur 7, tibia l pieces, 3 humerus, clavicle and the one on the bone and some skull and facial bone fragments. The "Peking Man" remains belong to more than 40 individuals. But the vast majority of human fossils in the before and after Pearl Harbor, whereabouts unknown. Existing at the first site of human fossils, preserved in our country has seven teeth, one section of the humerus, tibia 1 above, the parietal bone and occipital bone of one and a well-preserved mandible. 1927 found three teeth in Sweden, by the early work of the Bulin Zhoukoudian the custody. L sites found in the Zhoukoudian remains of fire, the history of human use of fire ahead of a few hundred thousand years. Including five ash layers, two well preserved remains of ashes, burned bones were seen in levels of human activity. In addition, also found burnt Pu Shuzi, burning stones and burned earth, and even individual baking stone has traces of burning. Research on the use of fire remains, we can see "Peking Man" not only know how to use fire, but also control the fire and save the fire ability. Light a fire of fuel is mainly herbaceous plants, tree branches and fresh bone is also used for salaries. Cave entrance north, excavations were removed, the mouth is seen north excavated. Upper Cave site consists of four parts: the hole, one room, under the next room and cellar, the first three parts are the discovery of human fossils and cultural relics, found only under the cellar full of fossils. Cave of the hole 4 meters high, the next width of 5 meters; room on something 12 meters long from north to south and 8 meters wide, with a scarp on the western room, west-dipping, thick surface layer of the stalactite, the next ramp in this room the bottom. Deep under the cellar in the next room. In the next room, found a older men, middle-aged women and young women in the skull of the three, the left side of the skull found in older perforated shell, perforated fox canines, found around the pelvis and femur, and red hematite iron ore fines , which indicates that the next room is a public cemetery, and are today the only known country in this era burial remains. Unearthed stone tools from the Upper Cave, there are clear traces of artificial 25. Bone, except for some combat bone, the most representative is a bone needle. This is still well preserved specimens, incomplete eye of a needle on the edge, lower edge to tip well preserved, length 82 mm, body rounded needle tip, such as mango, from the remaining part of the eye of a needle to see, is dug from scratch, rather than drilling out. Cavemen have to understand that we can see that this sewing warm. Stone is the "Peking Man" culture, the main representative of "Peking Man" to create three different ways of playing the piece, with a smashing hit the main method to produce 20 to 30 mm long stone tablets, the common length of 20-40 mm. Tool divided into two categories: first, including hammer stone hammer, stone hammer and smashing hit rock drill, the second class has scrapers, pointed-shaped device, choppers, carving tools, stone cone and ball control. Sites found for the study of human origins and development, provide valuable scientific basis, is an important scientific study of human origins base. A national key cultural relics protection units, and was included in the "World Heritage List." |