A sheep. Sheep and the smaller body shape. Female male all angle, angle of tip backwards. Straight hair instead of volume. Aries chin has to be. Of lively, happy climbing, good eating short grass ﹑ shrubs and leaves.
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No. 2
Herbivorous ruminant livestock. Mammalia Artiodactyla (artiodactyla) bovine (bovidae) Capra. Milk ﹑ edible meat, wool and cashmere leather ﹑ can be used for industrial raw materials. Individual countries (like India) in areas of difficult access for goods and mule pull carts. Most scholars believe that the origin and domestication of modern goat originated in Central Asia around the corner sheep (c.aegagrus), which stands 90 cm above the Rams have up to 1 meter long horn, are still found in Asia Minor ﹑ ﹑ Afghanistan and Iran Pakistan and other places mountains. Also suggested that the habitat in the Kashmir mountains of Afghanistan and Pakistan ﹑ snail horn sheep (c.falconeri) and European wild goat (c.prisca) is the goat of the ancestors. Domestication began in recent years about 8,000 years ago, is one of the earliest human domestication of animals. Biological characteristics of different physical size differences between species, a large body of 1 m high and weighs over 100 kg; small only 40 centimeters high and weighs 20 kg. The appearance of common characteristics: thick straight hair, head long and narrow, sickle-shaped corner three prism was bent, lower jaw with a long beard, more than two meat neck beard, a short upturned tail. Rams have the smell of mutton, especially in heat season. Lee canine mouth, thin lips, can bore through the short grass and shrubs, especially eating the shoots and leaves with a bitter taste, sense of smell, smell of the food must first and then food, good drinking water, like climbing steep slopes and cliffs, the sheep can not be climbing areas, goats are walking freely. Of clever and lively, easy to tune than the sheep. However, goat easily degenerate into a goat, and now North Africa, the Middle East and other places have seen such a wild goat. Goat's hobby seems to be a duel, not only in the mating season. This may be because goats strong sense of independence. Each goat has its own private space, including a 10-foot radius around them within range. If the other intervention, the defenders will intimidate or even attack intruders. However, little goats melee. Most encounters are using body language to solve ---- put stiff posture, bluff, so as to avoid unnecessary bloodshed. Under normal circumstances, a large body of goats only need to stamp stamp hoof, playing with sharp corners, or just gaze opponent, the goat will be able to leave a small force. However, there are the inevitable battle, especially when both sides are evenly matched. A typical battle, goats arch the back, lower the claw, with the head pointed at each other's tail, chasing each other round and round. Circling faster and faster, until the party finally lost the courage to give up the fight, the party escape the sharp corners are often hurt each other. Types and varieties according to production use of the following types: 1 dairy goats. Characterized by high milk production. Sa-known varieties such as Fort ipecac can ﹑. 2 goat wool. With wool as the main breeding purposes. ﹑ Turkey, USA, South Africa, Lesotho and other countries are keeping the famous breed of Angora goats. 3 cashmere goat. The production volume of more than coarse wool production and wool quality is good. Mainly produced in China ﹑ ﹑ Mongolia, Iran, Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. China Liaoning cashmere goats and the Soviet Union are well-known varieties of goat Dayton Puri. 4 fur goats. China Zhongwei goat's fur is the only goat breeds. 5 kid goats. 1 to 2 days after birth with peeling slaughter. Such as China, Jining Grey goats ﹑ Ethiopia kid goats. 6 meat goats. The production of meat as the main purpose of raising, slaughtering rate, tender meat, the smell of mutton small. Hubei, Hunan, China horse goat ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Guangdong Guizhou White goat Fujian Fuqing Leizhou goats and the goats are. Spain, Africa and Europe, there are some good performance of the goat meat. 7. Ordinary goats, also known as Native goats. The largest number of the most widely distributed, with a strong adaptability and life force, to poor living conditions in the growth and reproduction. But velvet ﹑ ﹑ milk and wool ﹑ slab of meat production are lower, such as China, Mongolia, Xinjiang, goats and goat ﹑ Iran and Afghanistan, Mongolia, the goats. Breeding and feeding and management of sexually mature goats than sheep early, early age because of the variety and region, early-maturing varieties generally 8 to 12 months of age, late-maturing varieties is about 18 months, beginning with a small weight equivalent of an adult ewe more than 70% of body weight. Female goats are chirping ﹑ wagging tail and other obvious symptoms of estrus. Heat for 1 to 2 days, the estrous cycle 18 to 20 days. Most species in the autumn and winter heat ﹑ breeding. However, some species, especially the distribution of energy in the low latitudes year-round heat, two or three products twice a year production. Gestation 146 to 150 days. 150% lambing rate is generally above, the beginning of more than a single lamb ewes, 2 tires are often produced twins or three lambs. Dominated by grazing goats. Year-round grazing in the pastoral and mountainous, only ewes lambing in the snow around the manor and feeding; in rural areas are much more dispersed farmers farming, the use of roadside and other unoccupied river ﹑ seasonal grazing or animal husbandry department. In the absence of grazing conditions throughout the year where some feeding. Season grass fed daily to each sheep, 3 to 5 kilograms mowing; hay fed daily to season 1 to 1.5 kg hay. Ram ﹑ late pregnancy and lactation of ewes modest feeding concentrate. Heat, wind and cold rain, but fear thieves, it should be noted that cold rain. Two weeks after shearing for dipping. No species with the two weeks after birth, lambs about castration. Goat Industry Profile 1985, the world has goats 459.96 million, from 1979 to 1981 than the average increase of 2.3 million or so. Herds of goats in 1986, China reached 67.22 million number. Indian goats up in 1985 include 81.5 million. Turkey, Pakistan, Nigeria ﹑ ﹑ Ethiopia and Somalia are also a lot of feeding amount. Goat to the Angora goat mohair produced the most famous, the United States and South Africa, Turkey ﹑ higher yield. In 1985 the world production of 7,832,100 tons goat (sheep milk production 8.621 million tons), of which about half of Asia's output, almost all the Indian goat, yield up to 1.23 million tons, ranking first in the world. Turkey ﹑ Pakistan goat production is greater. In the same year the world's goat meat production was 2.073 million tons, production in more countries such as China, India and Pakistan. In recent years some countries in Europe and Africa have a greater development of mountain lamb production. The annual world trade in goat skin of about 80 million, China, India, Pakistan, Niger and Brazil ﹑ ﹑ Indonesia is the world's goat skin six largest exporter. China Jining goat skin and cunning child Ethiopian mountain kid reputation in the international market. In addition, China's Yangtze River Delta area, or goats produce wool produced in the finest raw materials, brush, brush stroke made straight, and marketing home and abroad.
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Crossbreeding of purpose and meaning
China's production of goat meat with the lack of performance of varieties. Therefore, to improve productivity of meat goats, mainly by crossbreeding. 70% of the production potential of goats by the genetic parents of control, a bad kind of goat feeding and management in even the best conditions, but also receive better benefits. Introduction of improved varieties and local varieties of goats goat hybridization, can produce hybrid vigor, improve production performance, high yield, high-quality, low-cost commodity goat, usually 20-30% lambing rate, weight gain rate increased by 30 percent, lamb survival rate increased by 40%.
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杂交父母本的选择与组合
Paternal hybrid _select_ion
Should be _select_ed fast growth, feed conversion rate, good performance, production of meat varieties, strains or species groups as a hybrid with a male parent. Because these genetic traits, higher, easy to their offspring. Boer goat is the world's most famous meat goats, sheep production is mainly used for the terminal male, Nanjiang yellow as the first male sheep production.
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Hybrid female choice
Quantity in this region should be _select_ed, adaptable, high fertility, motherhood is good, strong goat milk varieties, groups or lines for hybrid ewes. Yin Wei large number of ewes required, adaptable, easy to promote in the region; Fan Zhili high, can produce large amounts of goods sheep; motherhood is good, lactation and strong, affecting hybrids in the survival and development of breast-feeding a direct impact on to the hybrid advantages. China's major local goat breeds or groups, such as goats, horse, goat Macheng black, white goat can be used as the Yangtze River Delta cross ewes.
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Hybrids
Hybrids, including binary, ternary and four yuan hybridization. Two yuan a hybrid combination of the common goat (male) × local goat (female), South River cattle (male) × local goat (female); crossbred Boer goats have a combination of common (public) × (Nanjiang Yellow male × female local goats).
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Feeding
Goats are mainly two ways, namely: grazing, feeding in captivity in two ways. Grazing forage can be saved, equipment and other expenses, keeping costs low, but the impact of climate and seasons, especially winter grazing is not worth the candle. Now advocate feeding in captivity, so that a balanced development of the sheep, but also the rational use of feed, feed utilization is relatively high, easy to form the scale of farming, improve the commodity rate. (A) the grazing of the general technical 1, a reasonable decomposition. 50 ram, bred only male sheep 200-300, 200-250 only group of adult ewes, bred only for a group of 250-300 ewes, sheep should not be too big, not easy to manage. 2, training sheep. Strong gregarious sheep, sheep must be trained so that the sheep herders of intention to act according to, easy to manage. 3, timely taste of salt and water. Let the sheep drink water flow of health, to prevent stagnant ponds of stagnant water for drinking to avoid contracting parasites and bacteria. At the same time to take the form of bricks of salt to replenish salt. 4, reasonable feeding. According to the needs of the sheep, with grazing conditions to replenish wheat bran, cottonseed cake, corn and other fine materials, and added bone meal and vitamin A added material, flock to ensure adequate nutrition. 5, to eat less exercise. Grazing walk slowly, even eating, eating to satiety, to prevent excessive movement and reduce the consumption of the body. (B) the feeding of captive mode Dissipate into the atmosphere in general, goat feeding style, feeding the sheep farm and sheep specialized households are dedicated Yang She and playgrounds with grass stands, feeding trough and drinking utensils, to ensure adequate forage and water, keeping the principle of 1 time. Quantified. Qualitative. _Set_ of people. Sheep fed on time, so that the sheep form a conditioned reflex, is conducive to digestion and absorption. Depending on the sheep, to determine the amount of grass fed. Fluxes: that is able to eat without waste. To ensure the quality and variety of feed: conditional according to feeding with standard diet: keeping personnel have relatively fixed. 2 forage. Water to clean, do not feed moldy hay, forage can not bring water, drinking warm water in winter. 3 Yang She maintained clean and dry so cool, manure should always clean. 4 to improve prevention and regular spring and two de-worming. 5 sheep farm usually improve health. Disinfection, sheep manure to accumulate in the fermentation process after use. 6 increase in sheep movement, keeping the sheep body health. As the goat breeding with short cycle, low investment and good economic returns, and consequently speed up the development of goat breeding industry in line with China's national conditions. At present, China's vast rural areas and farms are faced with adjusting the agricultural structure of the critical moment, the goat breeding industry as a breakthrough, the implementation of livestock integration, the construction of a combination of ecological farming system is to achieve sustainable agricultural development in China of key strategic measures. Thus, in a sustained, stable development of plant industry, the development of efficient grain saving goat farming, farming provide the material basis for the sheep industry (forage, fodder), sheep farming industry to provide organic fertilizer to each other for the supply and demand. Crop straw and agricultural by-products of the "belly had to field" is the grain saving or eco-important foundation of animal husbandry. "Straw livestock, over belly to field" can provide a lot of quality organic fertilizer for agriculture, reducing the amount of fertilizer, soil improvement, and promote the sustained growth of agricultural production in order to achieve in agriculture, animal husbandry and a virtuous circle.
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Encyclopedia
shanyang Goat Capra hircus Herbivorous ruminant livestock. Mammalia Artiodactyla (Artiodactyla) bovine (Bovidae) Capra. Milk, meat, edible, cashmere, wool and leather can be used for industrial raw materials. Individual countries (like India) in areas of difficult access for goods and mule pull carts. Most scholars believe that the origin and domestication of modern goat originated in Central Asia around the corner □ Sheep (C.ae □ a □ rus), which stands 90 cm above the Rams have up to 1 meter long horn, are still found in Asia Minor , Iran, and Pakistan □ A rich mountains and other places. Also suggested that the habitat in Kashmir, and Pakistan □ A rich mountain snail horn sheep (C.falconeri) and European wild goat (C.prisca) is the goat of the ancestors. Domestication began in recent years about 8,000 years ago, is one of the earliest human domestication of animals. Biological characteristics of different physical size differences between species, a large body of 1 m high and weighs over 100 kg; small only 40 centimeters high and weighs 20 kg. The appearance of common characteristics: thick straight hair, head long and narrow, sickle-shaped corner three prism was bent, lower jaw with a long beard, more than two meat neck beard, a short upturned tail. Rams have □ taste, especially in heat season. Lee canine mouth, thin lips, can bore through the short grass and shrubs, especially eating the shoots and leaves with a bitter taste, sense of smell, smell of the food must first and then food, good drinking water, like climbing steep slopes and cliffs, the sheep can not be climbing areas, goats are walking freely. Of clever and lively, easy to tune than the sheep. However, goat easily degenerate into a goat, and now North Africa, the Middle East and other places have seen such a wild goat. Types and varieties according to production use of the following types: ① dairy goats. Characterized by high milk production. Well-known varieties of Saanen, Fort ipecac, etc. (see dairy goats). ② hair goat. With wool as the main breeding purposes. Turkey, the United States, South Africa, Lesotho and other countries are keeping the famous breed of Angora goats. ③ cashmere goat. The production volume of more than coarse wool production and wool quality is good. Mainly in China, Mongolia, Iran, and the Soviet Union, etc. A rich □. China Liaoning cashmere goats and the Soviet Union are well-known varieties of goat Dayton Puri. ④ goat fur. China Zhongwei goat's fur is the only goat breeds. ⑤ kid goats. 1 to 2 days after birth with peeling slaughter. Jining Grey goats such as China, Ethiopia, kid goats. ⑥ meat goats. The production of meat as the main purpose of raising, slaughtering rate, tender meat, □ a small taste. China Hunan, Hubei, horse goat, Guizhou White goat, Guangdong and Fujian Fuqing Leizhou goats and other goats are the. Spain, Africa and Europe, there are some good performance of the goat meat. ⑦ ordinary goats, also known as Native goats. The largest number of the most widely distributed, with a strong adaptability and life force, to poor living conditions in the growth and reproduction. However, velvet, wool, meat, milk and slab production are lower, such as China, Mongolia, goat, goats and Xinjiang, Mongolia, Iran and the Arab rich □ the goats. Breeding and feeding and management of sexually mature goats than sheep early, early age because of the variety and region, early-maturing varieties generally 8 to 12 months of age, late-maturing varieties is about 18 months, beginning with a small weight equivalent of an adult ewe more than 70% of body weight. Female goats are chirping, wagging tail and other obvious symptoms of estrus. Heat for 1 to 2 days, the estrous cycle 18 to 20 days. Most species in autumn and winter heat breeding. However, some species, especially the distribution of energy in the low latitudes year-round heat, two or three products twice a year production. Gestation 146 to 150 days. 150% lambing rate is generally above, the beginning of more than a single lamb ewes, 2 tires are often produced twins or three lambs. Dominated by grazing goats. Year-round grazing in the pastoral and mountainous, only ewes lambing in the snow around the manor and feeding; in rural areas are much more dispersed farmers farming, the use of river, roadsides and other open space for seasonal grazing or animal husbandry department. In the absence of grazing conditions throughout the year where some feeding. Season grass fed daily to each sheep, 3 to 5 kilograms mowing; hay fed daily to season 1 to 1.5 kg hay. Ram, the ewes during late pregnancy and lactation discretionary feeding concentrate. Heat, wind and cold rain, but fear thieves, it should be noted that cold rain. Two weeks after shearing for dipping. No species with the two weeks after birth, lambs about castration. Goat Industry Profile 1985, the world has goats 459.96 million, from 1979 to 1981 than the average increase of 2.3 million or so. Herds of goats in 1986, China reached 67.22 million number. Indian goats up in 1985 include 81.5 million. Pakistan, Nigeria, Turkey, Ethiopia and Somalia to keep a lot of volume. Goat to the Angora goat mohair produced the most famous, Turkey, the United States and South Africa, higher yield. In 1985 the world production of 7,832,100 tons goat (sheep milk production 8.621 million tons), of which about half of Asia's output, almost all the Indian goat, yield up to 1.23 million tons, ranking first in the world. Turkey, Pakistan, goat production is greater. In the same year the world's goat meat production was 2.073 million tons, production of more countries as China, India and Pakistan. In recent years some countries in Europe and Africa have a greater development of mountain lamb production. The annual world trade in goat skin of about 80 million, China, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Niger and Brazil is the world's six major goat leather exporter. China Jining goat skin and cunning child Ethiopian mountain kid reputation in the international market. In addition, China's Yangtze River Delta area, or goats produce wool produced in the finest raw materials, brush, brush stroke made straight, and marketing home and abroad. (Chiang Ying)