: Metaphor has the ability to work without labor, by people who earn a living
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No. 2
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
: Parasitic animals in other organisms, such as lice, fleas, roundworms, etc.
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No. 3
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
Parasitic in other animals or plants or animals in vitro. Such as malaria, schistosomiasis, fleas, lice, roundworms, ginger insects, nematodes, wheat. Parasite to obtain nutrients from the host, and some infectious diseases, harmful to the host.
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No. 4
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
Yu means the attachment people living person. This means the exploitation of multi-class or exploiters. Mao Zedong "was published in Southern Anhui Incident Command and talk": "imperialist war has now reached the eve of a major change, all rely on live parasites of imperialism, no matter how wriggling in time, their background is always unreliable, and once the tree inverted Hu Sun Powder, on the difference to the global. "Chen Yi" first tour of Qingdao "Poetry:" All parasites, goes without saying that to cover his tracks. View this new atmosphere, so I am happy Yan. "Yang Mo" Song of Youth "second 10th six chapters: "Suddenly, she was a harsh rebuke from his heart to - called the White Li Ping pulled away, and she - and this group to deal with bourgeois parasites, and this is not a weakness? is not the warmth? "
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No. 5
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
Refers to species that live in the medium crustaceans in small animals. See Ming Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica sojourn referred two worms." See the "hermit crabs."
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No. 6
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
寄生虫
① parasitic in other animals or plants or animal body surface, such as fleas, lice, roundworms, insects ginger, wheat nematode. Parasite to obtain nutrients from the host, and can spread some diseases harmful to the host. ② analogy to labor and not labor, to rely on exploitation of living people.
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Overview
寄生虫 概述
Parasite (parasite) refers to a biological, most of the time of their life living in another kind of animal, called the host or the host (host), and the same time, damage the animals were parasitized. Characterized, parasites in the host or the host (host) in vivo or in vitro to get attached to maintain their survival, development, reproduction or nutrition or shelter necessary for all creatures. The approach is called parasitic. . Broadly speaking, bacteria and viruses are also parasites. Also in the field of sociology, the parasite can also refer to the Pan-those who rely on others, who does not want to.
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Features
寄生虫 特征
From the natural evolution of the parasitic life, parasites through a long process of adaptation to the host environment. Long-term adaptation in the parasite parasite environment, in varying degrees, lose the ability to live independently, for greater nutrition and space dependence of the parasite, and its capacity to live from the weaker students; parasitic life history of the longer, more adaptable sulfuric acid, the greater the dependency. Parasite can only be _select_ive or class of parasites on a host. This _select_ivity of the host parasite known as host specificity (host specificity), is actually a reflection of internal parasites on the parasitic enhance the performance of environmental adaptation. Intestinal parasitic worms, the body wall and the original memory in the body cavity fluid on inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin are substances in the insect body angle inhibitor of these enzymes within the skin, can protect the parasite from host intestinal proteases role. Many parasites within the digestive tract in the hypoxic environment in a way to glycolysis for energy. Female worms lay eggs at about 240,000; Taenia eggs at about 72 million; hatched eggs of Schistosoma japonicum miracidia into the snail of each body, the larvae by asexual multiplication can produce tens of thousands of body cercariae; single cell protozoa for greater proliferation, indicating that the parasite reproductive capacity enhancement is to keep the insect species living on the performance of adaptive natural _select_ion.
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Parasitism, parasite and host
寄生现象、寄生虫与宿主
寄生现象、寄生虫与宿主
Nature, with the long process of evolution, the relationship between biology and bio even more complex. Those who live with two biological phenomena, collectively referred to as symbiosis (symbiosis). In the symbiosis between two species, in accordance with the stakes can be roughly made for the total habitat in a symbiotic, parasitic and so on. 1. Commensalism (commensalism) two species live together, one side benefit. The other is neither benefited nor injured, called commensalism. For example, fish (echeneis naucrates) evolved into the suction cup with its dorsal fin adsorbed on the surface of large fish were taken everywhere, feeding temporarily away. This fish, good for big fish are harmless to non-profits. 2. Mutually beneficial (mutualism) with two kinds of biological life, dependent on each other in nutrition, long-term coexistence, mutual benefit, known as mutualism. For example, cattle, horses have the stomach for the food of plant fibers to _set_tle ciliates, ciliates can secrete digestive enzymes to break down plant fiber, access to nutrients, is conducive to cattle, horses digest plant, its own rapid reproduction and death for cattle, horses provide protein; and cattle, horses stomach bug for the fiber provides the survival and reproduction necessary environmental conditions. 3. Parasitism (parasitism) living with two biological, one side benefit, the other victims, the latter to the former provides nutrients and place to live, this life, said relations between parasitic. To benefit the party known as the parasite (parasite), the injured party as the host (host). For example, viruses, rickettsia, bacteria, parasites and other permanent or long-term or temporarily parasitic on plants, animals and human body surface or body to get the nutrition, survival, and damage to the other party, such parasites living off Biological collectively referred to as parasites; and over living multicellular parasitic invertebrates and unicellular protists called parasites. Parasitic under certain conditions in the parasite and host in a specific relationship between. Parasite into the host, the host produce different damage; also the host of the parasite's response is to produce different levels of immunity to try to clear it. As a result, the parasite can cause changes in form and function, pathological changes may occur in the host. Between parasite and host interactions, often integrated to act on each other, through a long process of evolution, the interaction between parasite and host some of the features have been preserved and reflected in the genetic material of both .
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The role of the host parasite
Parasite in the host's cells, tissues or cavity inside the parasite, causing a series of injuries, not only found in parasites, adult worms, but also the migration of the larvae found in them the role of the host are many. (A) seize Nutrition Parasite in the host growth, development and reproduction of the necessary material mainly from the host, the more the number of parasitic insects, was also seized more nutrition. Such as roundworm and tapeworm parasitic in the intestine and win a lot of nutrients and affects the intestinal absorption function, causing host malnutrition; and if hookworm attached to draw a lot of blood on the wall, the host can cause anemia. (B) of the mechanical injury The site of the parasite parasite and its nearby tissues and organs can produce damage or compression effect. Some parasites, especially the larger individuals in larger quantities, this is a very serious hazard. For example, worms can be twisted into a group for a long time cause intestinal obstruction. Echinococcus parasites in the liver, no obvious symptoms at first, then gradually grow liver tissue and intra-abdominal pressure of other organs, the apparent pressure symptom. In addition, migration in the host larvae can cause serious damage, such as roundworm larvae migrating in the lung alveolar wall capillaries when worn, can cause bleeding. (C) toxicity and the role of antigenic substances
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Host of the parasite
宿主对寄生虫的影响
宿主对寄生虫的影响
Parasites and their hosts are the product of the foreign body, can cause a series of reactions, that is, the host defense function, its main manifestation is immune. The performance of the host on the parasite's immune system to identify and remove the immune response to parasites, some of which is defensive reaction. For example, some of the host's stomach acid into the stomach can kill the parasites. Some responses expressed as parasites within the limitations of the organization, surrounded by even eliminated. Host immune response is mainly the role of parasites, including non-specific immunity and specific immunity. The interaction between host and parasite results, generally grouped into three categories: ① the host cleared the parasites, and defense re-infection; ② removed most of the host or the failure to remove internal parasites, but re-infection with a relative resistance. Between host and parasite to maintain such a long period of parasitic relationship, found in most of the parasitic worm infections or those with; ③ host can not control parasite growth or reproduction, showing obvious clinical symptoms and pathological changes, caused by parasitic sis, if not treated, death can be serious. In short, the relationship between parasite and host is very complex, no one factor can neither be seen as isolated, we should not over-emphasize, understand, and parasitic nature of the relationship between parasite and host is the understanding of parasitic diseases during the development of foundation, is based on prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases.
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Classification of parasites
寄生虫分类
Classification of biological species ① protists: These parasites are also widespread, common such as malaria parasites (plasmodium sp.), Jia dry brother lamblia (giardia lamblia). ② invertebrates: These parasites are from the number and variety of the most, even many doors of the camp is designed invertebrate parasitic. Common, such as parasitic Platyhelminthes camps pork tapeworm (taenia solium), the Chinese liver fluke (clonorchis sinensis), and parasitic arthropods of the crabs outside the camp (phthirus pubis), head lice (pediculus humanus capitis), Culex pipiens ( culex). ③ vertebrates: these parasites is very rare. Hagfish (myxine) is the only vertebrate animal parasitism. A kind of fish in the Amazon basin called candiru (vandellia cirrhosa), it got into the water fishermen's genitals, up to 13 cm long. The parasitic environment classification In vivo parasite (endoparasite), all the parasites in the host body parasites. For example, parasites in the human digestive tract, lung, liver, blood tube. Even the brain and eye. Parasites are divided into: ① gut parasites such as roundworm, hookworm, tapeworm, Entamoeba histolytica and the Royal's (the old translation Ramsey Giardia) lamblia, etc.; ② parasites within the cavity, such as Trichomonas vaginalis; ③ liver parasites, such as the liver fluke, Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid); ④ lung parasites, such as health Eastman Paragonimus westermani (referred to Paragonimus flukes); ⑤ brain tissue parasites such as cysticercosis (cysticercosis), Toxoplasma gondii; ⑥ intravascular parasites, such as schistosomiasis; ⑦ lymphatic parasites such as filariasis; ⑧ muscle tissue parasites, such as Trichinella larvae; ⑨ intracellular parasites such as Plasmodium (parasite within red blood cells) and Leishmania parasite's (macrophage parasites); ⑩ bone tissue parasites, such as hydatid; skin parasites such as scabies mites, follicle mites; intraocular parasites, such as sucking nematodes, cysticercosis and so on. Parasites in vitro (ectoparasite), all the parasites in the host parasite in vitro, for example, textiles and the skin in between the human parasite, even in the human skin under the nose, penis and other cavity. The parasite and host relationship classification 1. Obligate parasite (obligatory parasite) life history and business at all stages of parasitic life, such as filariasis; or parasitic life cycle at some stage have to camp life, such as hookworm, and its larvae in the soil battalion self life, but to the filamentous growth larva, the parasite must invade living host body business in order to continue to develop into adults. 2. Facultative parasites (facultative parasite) can self life business, but also business parasitic life, such as Strongyloides stercoralis (adult) both intestinal parasites in the host, you can also camp in the soil self life. 3. Accidental parasite (accidental parasite) because of accidental access to non-normal host of parasitic vermin such as certain fly larvae accidentally enter human intestinal parasites. 4. Send the body (endoparasite) and parasites (ectoparasite) former, such as parasitic in the intestine, tissues or cells of the worm or protozoa; the latter, such as mosquitoes, sand flies, fleas, lice, ticks, etc., the vampire with the host surface contact, the majority of satiation after leaving. 5. Long-term parasites (permanent parasite) and temporary parasites (temporary parasite) former, such as roundworm, and adults need to have parasites of life; the latter such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks and other blood-sucking temporarily host invasion. 6. Opportunities for pathogenic parasites (opportunistic parasite), such as Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Pneumocystis carinii, etc., usually in the host state in subclinical infection, but involvement of host immune function, can occur and work to enhance the abnormal proliferation.
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Classification of host
Parasite complete its life cycle process, and some just need a host, and some require two to the host. Parasites at different developmental stages of parasite host, including: 1. Intermediate host (intermediate host) is the parasite's asexual stage of larvae or the host of the parasite. If two or more intermediate host, has divided into the parasite can be the first and second intermediate hosts such as, for example, certain types of freshwater snails and freshwater fish are clonorchiasis and the first and second intermediate host. 2. Definitive host (definitive host) or sexual reproduction refers to the adult stage parasites parasitic host. For example, schistosomes are the final host. 3. Savings host (also known as reservoir hosts, reservoir host) adult worms or parasites of certain developmental stages of a parasite in the human body can also be parasitic on some of the vertebrates, under certain conditions, communicable to humans. In epidemiology, said the animal reservoir host or reservoir hosts. For example, schistosome adult feed on human and bovine, cattle is the schistosomiasis of the reservoir hosts. 4. Transferring the host (paratenic host or transport host) larvae of certain parasites invade the host of non-normal, can not develop into adults, long-term larval state, when the larvae have the opportunity to re-enter the normal final host body, can continue to develop into adults, such as non-normal host for transferring host. For example, Paragonimus trematodes schistosomula, wild pigs into the non-normal host body, can not develop into adult worms can be maintained long-term status of children, if the dog swallowed worms containing the wild child of pork, the schistosomula development in dogs as adults. Wild boar is transferring insect host.
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Parasite and human
寄生虫与人类
寄生虫与人类
The surface of human skin, mites and other small insects by the attacks. The human digestive tract is the pork tapeworm, beef tapeworm such as the ideal habitat. If the parasite enters the human circulatory system, while white blood cells can attack the other reach the lung, liver and other organs or blocked blood vessels or lymphatic channels, will cause such as cirrhosis, portal hypertension, diseases such as elephantiasis. The person who is the pork tapeworm intermediate host, parasites, or even up to the eye and brain, life-threatening. In Uganda and other African countries sleeping sickness is raging parasite Trypanosoma (trypanosoma) invasion of the nervous system, especially the results of the brain, the patient will continue into a trance, until the never wake up, the mortality rate nearly 100%. Completely isolated from the parasite and human to another is impossible. According to bbc exklusiv that 1.4 billion people worldwide health threat by threatening parasites. And every person is "habitat" had 1,000,000 parasitic bacteria, insects. Particularly in poor health conditions in Africa and Asia, the rampant mosquitoes, water pollution is serious, the people malnourished, can be seen as the skin disease caused by filarial parasites and other diseases. Parasites can change host behavior to achieve its purpose of better reproduction to survive. If the number of parasites in the human brain by the parasite, such as the lifetime of Toxoplasma gondii parasites in the brain (toxoplasmosis), response capacity will be reduced. Africa, a parasite, eggs into the water. Their hosts in the human body, such as the soles of the feet, giving the patient a burning sensation, so patients have access to the nearby waters of rivers and lakes like washing, parasites, then get the breeding environment for their needs. Rodents infected with Toxoplasma gondii, the cat will not escape predators prey. As a result, the final host the parasites in cats continue to develop. But the parasite is also beneficial to the human side. Immunity for some suffer from excessive self-disorder patients, the parasites are a recipe. Parasite for its own survival, will secrete some chemicals, reduce the body's immune system. The parasite prescription, taking a long interval (3 weeks), efficacy is better than chemical drugs.
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Parasites harmful to humans
寄生虫对人类的危害性
Parasite on the human body, including as a pathogen and parasitic disease caused by the mass media as a disease in two ways. Parasitic diseases on human health and livestock production and poultry industry are very serious harm. In 77% of the total world population of the developing countries, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, is still widely prevalent parasitic disease, threatening the health of children and adults, even their lives. Against parasites is still widespread public health problem. United Nations Development Programme / World Bank / WHO Special Programme for Tropical Diseases, a joint initiative of prevention and control of Category 6 requirements of the major tropical diseases, in addition to leprosy, the other 5 classes are parasitic diseases, namely malaria (malaria), schistosomiasis (shistosomaiasis), filariasis (filariasis), leishmaniasis (leishmaniasis) and trypanosomiasis (trypanosomiasis). Anopheles malaria transmission is the most serious form of tropical parasitic diseases. It is estimated that some 21 million people living in malaria endemic areas, there are 100 million clinical cases each year, about 100 million - 200 million deaths. Currently there are 300 million people living in the absence of any special anti-malarial measures in non-protected areas, most parts of Africa, a non-protected areas. To this end, each year in Africa alone there are at least 1,000,014 children die under the age of malnutrition and other health problems associated with malaria. Schistosomiasis endemic in 76 countries and regions, about 200 million schistosomiasis, 500 million - 6 million people infected threat. Mosquito-borne lymphatic filariasis, there are 250 million people were infected, of which Bancroftian filariasis is a global, living in threatened areas are about 900 million more than the residents in Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas and the Pacific island of Great some tropical countries are particularly serious. Onchocerciasis transmission Simulium cause skin filariasis and river blindness, an estimated 17.6 million patients, is widely distributed in Africa, Latin America, in the affected areas up to 15% of blind patients. Sandflies spread of leishmaniasis, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, showed a worldwide distribution of new infections each year about 40 million patients, the disease is spreading in East Africa. Trypanosomiasis, in which African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) the number of infected about 45 million threats; American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) in South America at least 1,000 the number of infected people. In addition, infection of intestinal protozoa and worms In developed countries, parasitic diseases is an important public health problem. Trichomonas vaginalis infection, such as the estimated number of America has 250 million and 100 million United Kingdom; Blue's Giardia lamblia infection is particularly serious in the former Soviet Union, the United States almost as popular. Many zoonotic parasitic diseases in economically developed areas to cause great losses of livestock, but also harm people's health. In addition, some have been neglected parasitic disease, such as Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis), Cryptosporidium disease (cryptosporidiasis), pneumocystis echinococcosis (pneumocystiasis) and other AIDS-related primary echinococcosis, in some developed countries, including Japan , the Netherlands, Britain, France and the United States, their popularity began to appear. China's vast territory, across the frigid, temperate and tropical zones, and natural conditions vary widely, people's living and production habits of complex and diverse, to before the founding of the political, economic, cultural and other social factors, making China a serious parasitic disease endemic countries one, especially in vast rural areas, parasites harm people's health has been a major disease. Some popular rampant, such as malaria, schistosomiasis, filariasis, leishmaniasis and hookworm, have claimed thousands of lives, a serious impediment to agricultural production and economic development, has been called the "five parasitic diseases." Parasitic infection in the mixed infection common, especially in rural areas are also infected with parasites were very common from 2.3 up to 9 people are infected by a parasite, some children under 5 years old up to 6 parasites. In addition, a wide range of popular original echinococcosis are: giardiasis, vaginal trichomoniasis, amebiasis; worm disease are: trichinosis, clonorchiasis disease, paragonimiasis, echinococcosis, tapeworm disease and cysticercosis and so on. In recent years, opportunities for pathogenic parasites such as Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma gondii, Strongyloides stercoralis disease cases also reported from time to time, and gradually increased. Currently, due to open markets, livestock and meat, fish and other channels to increase the supply of goods, urban and rural food hygiene supervision system is not perfect, to raw food, half the number of food increased, so that some food-borne parasitic infection in the epidemic of food degree in some areas growing trends, such as trichinosis, taeniasis, of clonorchiasis in endemic areas have more than 20 provinces, cities and districts. Because foreign exchanges and tourism development, some foreign media arthropod parasites and input, to the health of our people brought new threats. In short, many types of parasites, the distribution scope, the number of infections of the public, the forefront of countries in the world. Facing the harsh truth that parasites not only is China a serious public health problem and the achievement of the World Health Organization "Health for All 2000" strategic objective, can not be ignored important aspects.
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Preventive measures
Wash hands before meals and after. Analysis of a hospital in 1993, some of the U.S. Jewish community from a blood sample and found that many people infected with the pork tapeworm. But Jews do not eat pork, why not? Turned out to be infected each Jewish family had requested domestic staff, it is these poor awareness of personal hygiene, household staff, in addition to the diet of these families, resulting in a lot of people infected with the pork tapeworm. Attention to personal hygiene and wash bath. Thoroughly cooked meat, seafood. Boil drinking water thoroughly. For example, Toxoplasma gondii, human through undercooked meat infected. The world's population, 1 / 3 of the infection, the Germans also have a 50% infection rate. But do not like to eat undercooked meat of French, the infection rate of 80%. Eradication of mosquitoes and other insect-borne diseases. Parasites, the timely medical treatment. Such as sleeping sickness treatment, early treatment is the key to recovery.
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Parasitic life of the parasite
From the natural evolution of the parasitic life, parasites through a long process of adaptation to the host environment. Parasitic life, the environment for parasites to the adaptability of the parasite and the parasite's morphological structure and physiological function has changed. (A) of the adaptive changes in the environment In the process of evolution, long-term adaptation in the parasite parasite environment, in varying degrees, lose the ability to live independently, for greater nutrition and space dependence of the parasite, and its capacity to live from the weaker students; parasitic life history of the more long, the more adaptable offerings, the greater the dependence. Therefore, habitat and mutually beneficial coexistence and common than the more parasites can not adapt to changes in the external environment, which can only be _select_ive or certain types of parasites on a host. This _select_ivity of the host parasite known as host specificity (host specificity), is actually a reflection of internal parasites on the parasitic enhance the performance of environmental adaptation. (B) morphological changes in the structure (C) changes in physiological function Intestinal parasitic worms, the body wall and the original memory in the body cavity fluid trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibit substance in the worms angle inhibitor of these enzymes within the skin, can protect the parasite from host intestinal proteases role. Many parasites within the digestive tract in the hypoxic environment in a way to glycolysis for energy. Female worms lay eggs at about 240,000; Taenia eggs at about 72 million; hatched eggs of Schistosoma japonicum miracidia into the snail of each body, the larvae by asexual multiplication can produce tens of thousands of body cercariae; single cell protozoa for greater proliferation, indicating that the parasite reproductive capacity enhancement is to keep the insect species living on the performance of adaptive natural _select_ion.
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Nutrition and metabolism of the parasite
1. Nutrition parasite parasite types of nutrients can be a result of insect species and life history of the period varies with the source of nutrition. Parasites because parasites in different host organs and tissues, and its nutrients are the host tissues, cells and non-cellular substances, such as plasma, lymph, body fluids and the host digestive tract undigested, half-digested or digested substances. These substances from water, inorganic salts, carbohydrates, fat and vitamin composition. If parasites are more developed digestive tract, is contained here comes from the parasite and host enzymes. These enzymes are beneficial for the digestion of nutrients and help the parasites invade the body tissues or migrating in the host. The lack of gastrointestinal tapeworm, and its absorption of nutrients, mainly through the cortex (tegument). Some protozoa, such as the colon pouch ciliates with cell population (cytostome) and cell pharynx (cytopharynx), amoeba with pseudopodia (pseudopod), nutrients can be swallowed, forming food vacuole (food vacuole), so parasites can also be with digestion and absorption in vivo. Many parasites do not contain any food vacuole formation, you can absorb nutrients through the surface membrane. The absorption of nutrients, in any part of the parasite is carried by the plasma membrane, plasma membrane solute can be seen as a kind of _select_ive "fence." Parasites on the absorption of oxygen is determined by the oxygen dissolved in the cortex, the digestive tract wall or other parts in contact with oxygen into the insect body. Mainly through the cell membrane in protozoa; some parasites can be done with a carrier material, such as hemoglobin, the iron porphyrin compounds such as oxygen diffusion to all parts of the worm. Parasite intake of oxygen to the body to oxidation and decomposition of nutrients and release energy. Number of parasites in the life history of a period of low oxygen or even anoxic environment, to adapt to low oxygen pressure in the ability of environmental conditions have different degrees of strengthening. If parasites in vivo oxygen transport efficiency, through various forms of a more economical use of oxygen, inadequate oxygen supply to overcome the difficulties. 2. Metabolism of the parasite metabolism of the parasite can be simply divided into the energy metabolism and anabolism. The major source of energy for the sugar. Roughly divided into lactic acid with glucose metabolism glycolysis (homolactic fermentation) and fixed carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide fixation) of two types. The former child organizations found in the blood parasite, which is found in intestinal parasites. Parasite continuously in the process of anaerobic glycolysis to produce energy, it's a typical end product is lactic acid. However, many parasites, nutrients in the absence of sugar may gain energy from protein metabolism. Parasitic protozoa and worms for rapid propagation of a large number of eggs or larvae need protein, its synthesis and metabolism are strong. Amino acids required for protein synthesis from the decomposition of protein in food or free amino; The nucleic acid bases, then rely on endogenous purine, pyrimidine synthesis itself, such as protozoa and nematodes in the blood. Lipids mainly from the parasitic environment, may be synthesized as part of their own, such as P. knowlesi (plasmodium knowlesi) can rely on glycolysis and its grain synthetic phospholipids. Nematodes are known to be stored in the oxidation of fatty acids within the intestinal cells as a source of energy. Studies on the metabolism of parasites in vitro environments, very different environment to their parasites. However, existing data analysis, genetic parasite metabolism has also retained its earlier self during the life of certain features. In practice, the study of drug resistant parasites metabolic research and contribute to the mechanism of insect resistance. The presence of parasites in many forms - one of the most strange living in a remote area in the Amazon region. It will be horror stories sometimes involve humans. Amazon catfish is one of the most common fish. It is often much smaller than it served the fish. This is a parasitic catfish - parasites in the gills inside. Here, catfish nowhere to hide - from where it emits the gills with urea and ammonia water is that it leaves the smell. Parasitic catfish just cruising around the enclosure until it feel the smell. Fish swim closer, more and more intense signals. It quietly slipped inside. The head of the fish hook barbed hook to ensure it from the gills in the safety of blood-sucking. For parasites, the most terrible thing is the wrong host, and have to go no further. The worst thing that can happen in the human body - the error to find the human parasitic catfish as host. Urinate in the water is very unwise - it provides the same to parasitic catfish, a clue, its in-depth human urine lure body. Recently, the southern states in the United States there are more stories of strange parasites. Excess frogs began to appear physically, as well as other forms of deformity. People think that because of the variability of these mysterious chemical or radioactive contamination of the results. In fact, the whole story even more bizarre. The frog-eating herons have parasites. Their droppings, there are flat parasitic worm eggs. These snails eat these eggs hatched so quickly to the small parasites. All the parasite larvae are to find the nearest tadpoles. Like a torpedo-like precision, it finds the target. It is not to look locked in tadpole shape of the limb bud development, it dig into destroyed the original cells. Broken limbs trying to grow again, but in the process, the president of the several legs, not one. Create a variation of parasites, only a simple goal - easily deformed frogs prey. If you want to continue it throughout the life cycle of disgusting, it's the host to be eaten by herons. We also accommodate a lot of parasites. But we kind of biological relationship with one of the last 3000 years has changed.
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The movie
寄生虫 同名电影
Director: Pier Paolo Pasolini pier paolo pasolini Screenplay: Pier Paolo Pasolini pier paolo pasolini ..... screenplay Pier Paolo Pasolini pier paolo pasolini ..... story sergio citti ..... additional dialogue Starring: franco citti Genre: Drama More Chinese Title: Beggars / Rome parasites / Acre Daytona More Foreign Title: the procurer the scrounger accattone Length: 120 min Country / Region: Italy Dialogue Language: Italian Issuer: brandon films inc. Release Date: August 31, 1961 Italy
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Synopsis
寄生虫 剧情梗概
Video performance of the Roman suburb of young people, prostitutes and pimps of human life, reflecting the lumpen proletariat and the people who spurned by the society's life world. The film is full of naturalism, culminating with a strong religious fanaticism, interspersed with fantasy, but there are obvious social and psychological characteristics of the film to end the death of the hero full of metaphor.
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Making of
寄生虫 幕后制作
This is Pasolini's first feature film, with most of his later works, as directed by him, and even adapted from his own novel. Video the lens at the so-called "sub proletariat", these people do not want to earn paltry wages, preferring to engage in the thief, and prostitution. Return to the Italian neo-realism film, but more specific Pasolini religious, political and music-loving integration. Characters represent the number of self-destructive tendencies of social causes that? How many from his personal reasons? Viewers can have different interpretations. Material from his own life, about a pimp's love chaste heroine. In order to get her love, intended to cheer up, looking for work. However, not long before the days of rehabilitation and his return to the world of crime. Video performance of the Roman suburb of young people, prostitutes and pimps of human life, reflecting the lumpen proletariat and the people who spurned by the society's life world. The film is full of naturalism, culminating with a strong religious fanaticism, interspersed with fantasy, but there are obvious social and psychological characteristics of the film to end the death of the hero full of metaphor.
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Overview
Parasite (parasite) refers to a biological, most of the time of their life living in another kind of animal, called the host or the host (host), and the same time, damage the animals were parasitized. Characterized, parasites in the host or the host (host) in vivo or in vitro to get attached to maintain their survival, development, reproduction or nutrition or shelter necessary for all creatures. The approach is called parasitic. . Broadly speaking, bacteria and viruses are also parasites. Many small animals to the parasitic way of life, attached to a larger animal than they, suck their blood and eat their meat. Such as monkeys, most of them were soon cleared each other parasites. Also in the field of sociology, the parasite can also refer to the Pan-those who rely on others, who does not want to.
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寄生虫 科普轶事
The world is about 700 million human body has parasites.
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Making of
This is Pasolini's first feature film, with most of his later works, as directed by him, and even adapted from his own novel. Video the lens at the so-called "sub proletariat", these people do not want to earn paltry wages, preferring to engage in the thief, and prostitution. Return to the Italian neo-realism film, but more specific Pasolini religious, political and music-loving integration. Characters represent the number of self-destructive tendencies of social causes that? How many from his personal reasons? Viewers can have different interpretations.
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Encyclopedia
jishengchong Parasites parasite Under certain environmental conditions, a biological term or temporarily live in another organism's body or body surface, to obtain nutrition, so that the other damage, the creature called the parasite. Parasite of protozoa, flukes, tapeworms, nematodes and arthropods called parasites.
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English Expression
n.: guest, drone, freeloader, helminth, louse, parasite, sponge, sponger, sucker, vermin, daughter of the horseleech, a parasitic insects
French Expression
n. parasite
Thesaurus
freeloader, kaiyouzhe, person who depends on others for a home, food, etc
