The essential characteristic of a thing or a concept of connotation and extension of the exact and briefly.
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Overview: What is the definition?
Defined understanding of the main forms used to determine or describe, determine, or designate the object of knowledge, or things in the integrated system in the location and boundaries, so that a comprehensive understanding of the object or thing from the knowledge of the system manifested in behavior. "Definition" as a word, in a certain language environment as a verb, in others a certain language environment as a noun. "Definition" as a verb, its meaning is to determine the lexical (knowledge objects) sense, refers to a specific form of human understanding of behavior. "Definition" as a noun, it is the meaning of the word surface location, boundaries and regulations, is the object of knowledge has limits, meaning, and regulations. It must be some exchange of names and terms have a common understanding can take place. To this end, it is necessary for the name and describe the meaning of the term, be clearly defined, that is, given their definition (definition). Is defined as a thing, or by listing the basic properties of an object to describe or standardize the concept of a word or a meaning. Thing or object is defined is called the item is defined, its definition is called the definition. Such as "a bachelor is an unmarried man," the definition of "bachelor" is a defined term, "unmarried man" is a definition. The definition of "a" and "is" can be replaced with symbols, such as the use of: = the symbol, the above definition can turn written as: "The Bachelor: = unmarried man." In general a definition as the above example the expression is defined as items are often among the items with the same definition of the sentence.
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Methods defined:
First, the definition of logic approach: an additional species difference Formal logic of "species is a poor plus" approach to the understanding of the object definition. "Canada is a difference between species," the definition of law: When a concept - such as "person" under the definition, we must first find the concept of the recent "species concept" - animals, then we can say "who is a animals "the. But this alone is incomplete. We must also identify the "person" "is a concept", and "animals" of the "species concept" other "is a concept" (chickens, ducks and sheep ... ...) between the "difference" (which is worse) to , "person" and "poultry and sheep" between "is bad" is it? Is the "manufacturing of production", which we have come to that "man is capable of manufacturing production tools, animals," the complete definition. Defined rules: (1) species concept and the extension of the concept are to be proportionate. For example: you can not say, "Man is a creature capable of manufacturing production tools," which committed "denotation too broad," the logical error, because the creature, including plants. (2) should not cycle. For example, you can not say "eggs is eggs." Because you can turn that "eggs is eggs", the result is no one who can not explain. (3) general should not be negative judgments. For example, "people are not dogs," said meaningless. (4) "is a poor" should be exactly as detailed as possible. For example, the best definition of man said: "People are able to make complex tools of production animals." Second, the definition of epistemological methods: In addition to the above "kind of increase is bad" definition, there is a "definition of place." "Occurrence definition": definition of who is defined by the occurrence of restrictions on the level of knowledge, in the face is difficult to use their own definition of an additional species difference method "of defining" knowledge object a definition frequently used method, this definition is the process that occurred a description. In addition, when you can not find the concept of a concept of the species - in other words when the concept of "inclusive", this concept you almost can not define it precisely, they are generally areas of philosophical research, such as: material, quality, quantity, degree, time, space ... ... General formal logic relative stability of things (static) research aspect; dialectical science require study of things changing in the development.
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Defined categories
Definition and technology in different ways: First, the lexical definition of a word or a description of the meaning of the expression, to provide a general definition of a lexical word equivalent with the original expression. Such as the "bachelor" is defined as "unmarried man", or "fried" as in "hot oil burn." Some words such as "if" can not effectively use other words to describe synonyms, dictionary of these terms by describing the characteristics of the general method to give a definition, rather than through the expression of a considerable way. Second, the definition also called situational context definition. Some words are not clearly defined, but can all the sentence the word appears to provide an explanation for the word to make a definition. That is through the use of the word of a sentence does not appear to explain the word's meaning in this sentence. Third, the content is defined as a difference between the object and other objects all the features listed. Such as "all the prime numbers less than the _set_ of 20" is the connotation of a particular _set_ of definitions. Fourth, extension of the definition of a concept or word to describe the extension of the concept or that all matters contained in the word. Cited definition is a special extension of the definition of a concept or word that lists all of the objects depicted. List applies only to a limited _set_ of definitions, and only in the case of relatively small collection makes sense. Fifth, also known as intuitive physical interpretation of the definition, or ostensive definition. Is defined to specify a kind word to express the object represented by the meaning of the word, or specify a number of representative objects to express the meaning of the word. One example is to give someone an image to see Jimmy Wales said, "Jimmy Wales," the meaning of the word, or to someone to see a number of dogs to illustrate the typical "dog" concept. Operational definition of a quantity is the amount of the measurement process. Sixth, the definition is to use a subject theory of the theory as a definition of a word such as "m is the light in a vacuum in 1 / 299, 792,458 seconds, the transmission distance." This definition is based on the theory of special relativity to make the definition. Seven, the original meaning of a narrow definition (definition by genus and difference) are listed first word of a narrow broad term, and then illustrate the narrow sense of the word with this broad term in this narrow sense, the word does not belong to the distinction between objects. Eight, also known as inductive definition recursive definition, it is a meaningful way to use one word to define the word itself. This definition generally includes two steps: First, one or more specific objects are defined collection of items belonging to X; followed by all elements of X, there is a certain relationship between the objects, and only with the elements of X, there is a relationship object also belong to X. Such as the following recursive definition of natural numbers: the first is a natural number 1, followed by 1 than the large number of natural numbers is a natural number, all other numbers are not natural numbers. When doing a recursive definition of care to avoid circular definition. September, circular definition is assumed to be defined on the items people have a certain understanding. Such as "raw eggs, chicken eggs, the chicken is hatched from an egg" is a circular definition. If the people that do not know what the chicken, do not know what the egg, then this definition is useless. (See a tautology) Ten, the definition of prescriptive rules, also known as defined or agreed upon definition of innovation, refers to a definition or discussion of the content requirements in a range. For example some people want to explain how to brew beer but do not know sake is not a beer. He begins: "I said, only include wheat beer brewed beer." XI, determining the definition of the lexical definition is to add additional conditions to extend the definition of lexical definition, a more narrow definition of the specification. Also known as persuasive persuasive definition of the definition of a word refers to a particular point of view is defined as the reason, but maintained a lexical definition of the form. The quality of a definition to pay attention to the characteristics of the definition, the most important is its extension, connotation, ambiguity, and ambiguity. Cited the example of the definition that the other side must recognize the meaning of a word. Extension of the definition of a word lists all the elements. The definition of a word meaning the characteristics listed, this definition is often more compact than the extension of the definition. Such as "bachelor" is the word if you want to use the extension definitions to define its words must be in the world of millions of single men are listed, but if using content-defined words are a single man is first a man, then he was unmarried, so that all bachelors are unmarried men, and only bachelors are the unmarried men. For a definition of the content of the philosopher is much more important than the extension. For instance, we both can not list all the bachelors in the world, on such a list is also not interested. We are concerned with non-bachelor bachelor difference between. A bachelor's list can not be said whether a new bachelor. If a definition is not clear if there are two reasons. A definition may be ambiguous, or vague, or both. In fact most of the ambiguous word that there are not clear. This does not mean these words does not make sense, even if the meaning is not clear, and contains many words have their meaning.
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Definition of defined
If we decide to define a word or concept described by the word. If we determine that we are interested in the word, we identified a number of objects belonging to the word, some of the less clear the edge of the object and some objects. The problem is how to define the word. Our hope is that the definition of the word connotations that the word list to determine all the elements and only features. The following is the definition of a useful definition: A concept or definition of the word or phrase is a description of its content, which describes all of its elements, and only a total of features. The extension of all the concepts, words or phrases contained in the transaction. Some philosophers do not agree with this definition, definition, they believe, for different reasons, most of the concepts, vocabulary and phrases can not be precisely defined. Ludwig Wittgenstein and Quine, Willard von Aumann is the most famous representative of this view. However, most philosophers believe that the definition of important philosophical concepts is necessary. Learn the definition of the definition of happiness: the definition of an understanding, a knowledge of objective things, only to accurately describe an objective reality, people called this understanding can be defined. Therefore, the definition is that the people of the existence of (objective things) know the absolute truth. Truth is people's self-righteousness, absolute truth is that people under the sufficient conditions are met, the understanding of objective things. - From "China's controversial definition of scientific information being identified and an example" The definition of information The information now too many pan-definition of potential, many explanations as to the definition. Therefore, the definition of the information needs of the standardization of weight-loss. "Is a plus species poor" is defined as the standardization of the definition of information models. In accordance with the "definition" of the standards, the establishment of information defined. Follow the "definition" concept development "definition of information," not the "information interpretation" wrong as "definition." Identity information is a collection of things and their properties Information is information, information is material, energy, information and property marked. Information is the increase in uncertainty. The affirmative confirmation. The classical definition of Shannon information Negative classic definition of the Shannon information The classic definition of Shannon information: Information is the elimination of uncertainty. Information is the reduction of uncertainties. With two consecutive negative, like the philosophy of the "law of negation of negation", the negation of negation is affirmation. Standardized "definition of" requirement, is "the concept of affirmative genus + species poor", so the negation of the definition should be closer to the "interpretation." Negative is defined as the definition of taboo, the definition is passive. The classic Wiener information (prospective) is defined Classic (incomplete) of the definition of negative-type quasi-Wiener information (interpretation, not a standard definition mode) Wiener definition of information: Information is information, information is neither matter nor energy. Amendments to the classic definition: the definition of modern information (affirmative) Modern information is defined (the true definition of affirmative) 1. DENG 's definition of information Deng Yu have made 2002 the definition of "identity information is a collection of things and their properties" 2. Reverse the definition of Shannon information Reverse Shannon information definition: information is the increase in uncertainty 3. Inverse Wiener defined information Wiener defined the inverse of information: Information is information, information is material, energy and information marked. Information is information, information is material, energy, information and property marked. Discussion: Information derived from the original definition and the definition of the difference between imitation more "information is a collection of things and their properties identified" and follow the imitation of the 'information is the characterization of properties of things' comparison. The former universality, breadth stronger than the latter; later change the definition of imitation, with the 'characterization' of the term replacement, the actual play a role, is to narrow the definition of the original connotation and extension. Well-known definition of passive information: information is reflected in the material properties of modified active, will be more to the definition of scientific definition. Active: The information reflects the properties of things, slightly better than original "is reflected in the material properties", which is one. Second, reflect, logos comparison, domain, meaning a smaller extension. Reflect: is the interaction between things and his things when something else in order to reproduce some of its characteristics change. Usually refers to the role of objective things in the human senses, while the form of an idea makes its laws and properties of the object model to write, copy and reproduction. It will "reflect" replaced by "signs, or logos," the definition of information is more universal. That Property information is the identity of things. Better! (No characterization, and reflect) Identification and characterization of the difference between Identify the connotation and extension, than to be characterized by deep, wide lot. Characterization of = information in the minds of the presentation, representation is a reflection of objective reality, but also the object to be processed. Have a strong subjective, subjectivity. Characteristics that have the image of the characterization, also known as representation, it is just a form of representation. Characterization requires at least two elements, one object, such as things or property, text, graphics, etc. - the objective, object; second brain, processing machines, quality is different from different levels, manufacturing (Imitation or create) a product different - - genuine and imitation differences. Total is the source + the destination. Poor representation of identity, different subject, the object will be different for the same great differences, dissent. Tags: mark, mark + identification (difference, difference, change, said the difference), objectivity, subjectivity weak. Connotation of deeper, wider extension. Identify the areas covered by the broader number, and signs should be part of identity. Logo: It is characteristic that marks things. It simple, obvious, easily identifiable images, graphics or text as a visual language of symbols, in addition to what is said instead of what, but also with the expression of meaning, emotion and the role of command actions. Signs, as human beings and the special natural and intuitive way to contact. Statistics in the "signs" Statistics also known as identity marks, overall the unit has the attributes or characteristics as signs. ID (biāozhì) Sign "and" identity "is equivalent in modern Chinese. They have the same pronunciation, which biāozhì." Flag "and" identity "is a homonym, synonym, Variant. "Modern Chinese Dictionary", the 【ID】 biāozhì with "signs." Knowledge (zhì) <book> ① mind: Strong knowledge CMP. ② marks: inscriptions │ identity. Another: Knowledge (shí) ① awareness. ② knowledge; knowledge. "Building standard, _set_ the table know that things are." Logos and signs are exactly the same in ancient China, and identify the signs. From an objective reality, the city in ancient China, although very early, but the city's structure is simple, identify the main functions of the business. Literally, "identity" and "sign" two words have a "standard" word "standard" is the table know, is a memory of the oldest methods is the memory, a symbol or mark. However, the ancient Chinese coinage is not free, "the logo" and "mark" the suffix of two words is different in the use of different. "Chi" in the ancient links "flag", is a people Shibie mark, not only to help with a form of memory, the image itself can also be publicity; and "consensus" when the same although the word "ambition", but first and foremost The significance of the "know" "know", is to make people familiar with, remember. "Know" the word is in addition to "remember" the meaning, the "know", "recognition" of the further request more of a communication. May be ancient, "Ambition" and "know" the word homonym, and therefore suspected of borrowing, so the mix of both logos and marks, you can also use their special occasions, respectively. From the nature of identity and the meaning of signs is not very different, but in the direction of the expression of the existence of different meaning or scope of the areas covered by the former is more extensive for some, but part of the logo should be identified. In modern cities, can completely identify with signs equating the two? Although many occasions have been mixed, but in the use of significantly different meanings when the scope of "signs" of the term to point to a class of more graphics and text graphics or a combination of signs, as representation of a class of things; and "identity" not only on behalf of the class graphic symbols, and language expression text, numbers, directions and other standard mark, have a wider field of use, it should be said, marked a part of identity. In English, the word embodies a lot of sense identity, but the usage is different. Such as the "landmark" the term refers to the point feature in the city, is the point of reference for people to experience outer space, usually refers to the land affirmed the specific object, and "identity" is very close in meaning. "Landmark" belongs to "mark" class symbol is a sign or a mark of history, is a building with landmark, the iconic logo. "Mark" is also used for commercial logo, originated very early, to do still in use, trademark is a "trademark". English also has "sign" the word has "signboard" "signpst" "signage" and other words referring to is identified. "Sign" a symbol, mark, marks, signs, signage, and so meaningful, and the instructions of the system today is very close in meaning. "Signal" refers to the signal, but also for signs. "Signpost" used for road signs, "signboard" means that signs, billboards, bus stop is the "signboard". In addition, there are the English "nameplate" "nameboard" and other words, they like the house in front of the Japanese family name written on the sign to say "nameboard", also refers to the trademark. Identified in various types of foreign expressions, but also not very clear.
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Encyclopedia
dingyi Definition definition Traditional logic that defines the concept is to reveal the nature of things reflected in the more brief and clear proposition. Definition of the old translation. Also known as the real definition or real definition. Aristotle of ancient Greece in the "debate articles" in what is defined and discussed how to define the problem, he provides the definition of "the nature of things that phrase." To properly define a thing, it is necessary to grasp the essence of things, because under the definition of the process is the process of cognition. Definitions and reasoning, formal logic is often discussed in the two central issues. The development of formal logic and epistemology have more and more obvious boundaries, how to master the essence of things and more and more research does not belong to the scope of formal logic. By the definition of genera and species difference there any definition of what is defined and used to define what things are defined; the former is called a defined term, which is called definition. From the language point of view, the definition of defined items is always better than a short term; and define the meaning of items is always defined term than the obvious. The earliest history of the definition of logical formulas by Roman logician's Boethius. The formula is: Go = concept of conceptual genus + differentia This way of defining, later known as the poor through the definition of genera and species. For example, in the definition of "commodity is used to exchange the products of labor", the goods are defined term; defined term is drawn from the (labor products) and species difference (for exchange) are formed. The so-called species difference is that a species is different from other kinds of the following characteristics. Traditional logic that is coupled with species poor, constitutes the unique attributes of things (essential nature or inherent properties). Definition and function of the definition of species occurrence may be the difference between the species occur or be defined during the formation of the characteristics of this species by the difference with the definition of composition is called an occurrence definition. Such as the "little circle is the plane to another point equidistant movement formed around the closed curve." Species differences may have been a special kind of defined functions, plus the difference between this kind of definition is a form called a function definition. Such as the "thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the physical instrument." Traditional logic of rules on the definition of the correct definition of traditional logic that must comply with the following rules: ① the definition of items and items are defined between the extension is all the same. Eg, "mammals are vertebrates," the extension to this definition is too broad, because some vertebrates (as defined in paragraph) is not a mammal; such as "mammals are terrestrial animals, the larvae feeding with milk", this definition is too narrow, because some mammals (defined term) is not terrestrial animals to milk feeding larvae. Two cases above the definition of key terms are defined extension with the same incomplete and therefore not the correct definition. ② can not have a vague definition of key words or metaphors. Such as "life is the inherent relationship between the continuous adaptation to external relations", defined the meaning of items is not clear. ③ definition of entry can not be directly or indirectly, including the definition. Such as "Metal is a metallic element", the definition of entry is defined to include items directly. Another example is the "reason is the result of the incident caused, the result is caused event", defined as the item "cause the results of incident" is defined to include the item indirectly "cause." Violation of this rule is called circular definition error. ④ unless necessary, define the term should not include negative lexical items. Such as "my product is not for consumer products producers" in the definition of item to include items of negative word "not for the producers own consumption," it does not explain what characteristics of the commodities. However, the nature of items to be defined is the lack of certain attributes or characteristics, the definition of key words can include negative items. Such as raw wasteland that "had not reclaimed wasteland." Definition of terms or say the name of the definition of the meaning of that requirement or that the definition of words. Such as "'calf, is the ancient Chinese, the naming of the new-born cowboy." This shows that the ancient Chinese, "calf" meaning of the word. The true definition of that term is defined for a class of things, and terms are defined term is defined word or phrase itself. The copula is the true definition of "yes" or "is", etc., that are defined term and definition of necessary connection between items, and terms on behalf of the definition of words and word copula between human requirements. Ostensive definition or the definition of said instruction is a direct reflection of that item is defined things. For example, for people who have never seen a TV _set_, you can refer to a TV to him and said: "TV is this." Here is the definition of items in kind, for the most original sense is often necessary to specify this, but actually refers to the definition can not be defined given the nature of items. Relative to the definition of lexical items can not be used as an additional kind of difference to the cause and effect way to define the relationship between the two can give them definition. Such as "A generation or changes, or necessarily lead to changes in the production of B, in this case, A is the result, B is the fruit." This definition, known as the relative definition of lexical items. With the logic of modern forms of increasingly careful thinking about the definition of the theory, there are many new developments (see formal logic). (Su Tianfu)