The world's oceans. In Asia, Oceania, Antarctica, South America and North America between. An area of 179.68 million square kilometers, with an average water depth of 4028 meters, with more than 10,000 islands, is the world's largest, deepest, most of the oceanic islands. Ocean is rich in resources. Fishery production in the world's oceans in the first place. Multi-continental shelf oil and natural gas offshore, deep-sea basin is rich in manganese ore. In the international transport of great significance.
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tài píng yáng
Division of the waters of the largest unit, an area of 165 million square kilometers, accounting for 46% of the total area of ocean. The western Pacific to Asia and Oceania for the community, east to North and South America as the boundary
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No. 3
太平洋
太平洋
Earth, the oceans, the deepest and largest of the largest ocean island. In Asia, Australia, Antarctica and South, between North America.
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General Description
The world's largest ocean. Including the sea area is 181,344,000 square kilometers, does not include a sea area of 166,241,000 square kilometers, accounting for the total area of the Earth 1 / 3. Extending from the Antarctic coast to the Bering Strait, across the latitude of 135 °, the width of 15,500 km north-south. Colombia from South America to Asia, the Malay Peninsula coast, up to 21,300 km thing. Is the volume of the sea, including 714.41 million cubic kilometers, does not include a volume of 696,189,000 cubic Sea km. Including an ocean depth of 3939.5 m on average, excluding the average sea depth is 4187.8 m, the maximum known depth of 11,034 meters, located in Daytona Mariana trench. Kuanjin 102 km north to the Bering Strait as a boundary, south-east by South America's Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica to Graham (Graham Land) between Drake (Drake) Communication Channel and the Atlantic Ocean; southwestern Indian Ocean ︰ from the line for the island of Java to Sumatra through the island of Timor, and then by the Timor Sea to Australia Londonderry (Londonderry) angle, from South Australia by Bass Strait, Tasmania, straight from the Antarctic continent . Since the earth's major mountain layout, the flow of rivers into the Pacific, only the total world river water into the ocean, 1 / 7. Water in the Pacific, the most important rivers in China and Southeast Asia. Pacific Basin can be drawn into three zones. 1. ︰ America Eastern Cordillera (Cordillera) from the mountains of Alaska from the north, south, reaching as far as Tierra del Fuego, in addition to the most northern and most southern island group in the fjord coast of the Gulf of California and in-depth than the mainland, coastal flat , a narrow continental shelf, it is important Trench Acapulco Trench north, south Peru - Chile Trench. 2. Western ︰ complex parts of Asia, coastal twists and turns, a prominent eastern edge of the mainland peninsula, a series of offshore island arc, forming a large number of marginal sea. From north to south are the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. The outer islands have a series of trenches, the north Kamchatka Trench, the Kuril Trench, Japan Trench, south east Jiahai ditch, kema Dirk (Kermadec) Trench and so on. 3. The central Pacific basin is a broad area, is the most stable tectonic regions, usually in the 4,570 meters water depth (15,000 feet) around. Longitude 150 ° east of the eastern Pacific basin, from the American isthmus via the Cocos (Cocos) ridge line south to the Galapagos Islands, Peru - Chile Basin and South-East Pacific basin. Farther south is the Pacific Ocean across the South East Pacific Rise - Antarctica basin. The Basin and the area between 150 ° W for the Pacific - Antarctic Ridge. W 150 ° ~ 180 °, from east to west, the Central Pacific Basin, the Philippines, the Mariana Basin and the basin; in New Zealand for the Tasman between Australia and East (Tasman) basin, south to Macquarie (Macquarie) ridge, between the Pacific and Indian Ocean, the underwater line. Many Pacific islands, mainly in western and central waters, according to the island and the mainland are divided into two major categories of ocean islands. Continental island on the geological structure generally linked with the mainland, such as the Japanese archipelago, the island of Taiwan, the Philippines, the Indonesian archipelago and the world's second largest island of New Guinea Island. Sea Island is divided into volcanic and coral islands. The majority of the central Pacific Ocean west sea area from west to east there are three major islands ︰ Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Melanesian Islands, where more than for the mainland island, Polynesian Islands, Hawaiian Islands are famous volcanic islands, almost all of Micronesia atoll. Pacific since the vast area, water evenly, the climate is conducive to the formation of planetary wind system, especially in the South Pacific is more prominent. North Pacific is different, the disparity in east and west coasts, the east coast of the Russian winter and the Canadian province of British Columbia sharpest contrast between mild winter. The trade winds in the eastern Pacific Ocean with latitude north and south 30 ° ~ 40 ° between the subtropical high center and between the doldrums. Mid-latitudes, westerlies and polar easterlies form convergence Vice polar low belt. Two wind with the temperature and humidity are significant differences between the polar easterlies front very intense, especially in winter. Western Pacific (latitude 5 ° ~ 25 °) east of the Philippines, South China Sea and East China Sea Yangmian Shang, summer and fall, between the high temperature and humidity conditions to produce ultra-low center of severe tropical storms formed, that the typhoon. Low air pressure Asian continent in summer, the North Pacific air movement to the mainland, the winter situation is completely opposite to form a majority of the monsoon climate zone. North Pacific sea temperatures higher than the South Pacific, it is because the wider South Pacific waters, and by the Antarctic ice and cold water effects. Trade winds with the water salinity lower than the equator. Salinity near the equator is less than 34; the most northern waters of the salt content of the lowest, less than 32. Pacific under the influence of ocean currents in the trade winds from east to west movement, the formation of the South, the North Equatorial Stream. South, between the North Equatorial Stream opposite the central axis of the equatorial countercurrent, flowing from the east coast of Ecuador, the Philippines, the West Bank. North Equatorial Stream flows in the Philippines, Japan, near to north east of the famous Kuroshio; North Equatorial Stream tributary into the Sea of Japan through the Tsushima Strait, said the Tsushima Warm Current. Kuroshio in the vicinity of longitude 160 ° turn to the east, said the warm North Pacific. North Pacific warm eastward movement, to the North American West Coast turned Nanliu, said the California cold. This formation of North Pacific circulation. In addition, the Bering Sea Nanliu flow, known as Kamchatka cold, also known as pro-tide, the flow of Japan's Honshu Island to the east of the Kuroshio near 36 ° north latitude meet. Arrived in the Solomon Islands after the South Equatorial Stream, flows south into the East Australian warm, involved in the westerly drift off the east, to South America, west, near latitude 45 ° is divided into two, an eastward into the Atlantic through the Drake Passage ; another northward flow off, the cold Peru. This formation of the South Pacific circulation. Pacific resources. Western Pacific, Sea of Japan, Okhotsk Sea is an important fishing grounds, producing herring, cod, tuna, crab and so on. Columbia River to the west coast of North America, producing the famous salmon. A large number of sea manganese nodules, sea salt can be extracted, bromine and magnesium. Continental shelf is the world's oil resources, one of the most abundant, such as southern California waters, the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and Indonesia, Australia and other south-east sea area. Early in the Western Pacific coast is a highly cultural region. But the Europeans until the 16th century began to be exploratory in this ocean. They seek so-called "Southern Land" - Australia, to enter the Pacific islands. 1513, the Spanish occupiers Baerwoya (Vasco Nunez de Balboa) Isthmus of Darien in Panama (Darien) Peak to see the vast Pacific Ocean. After the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan sailed round the world, across the Pacific. 17th century, Dutch navigator Abel Tasman (Abel Tasman) found that Tasmania, New Zealand and Fiji. 18th century, the British navigator Cork, French navigator Bougainville (Louis-Antoine de Bougainville) and other study in the Pacific voyage. 19th century British naturalist Charles Darwin (Charles Darwin) in 1831 ~ 1836 by "Beagle" (Beagle) global voyage, his visit in the Pacific region, in the natural sciences to make a great contribution. Crater that Asia (Kraternaya) Bay, the South Pacific from the Antarctic region, north to the Arctic, west Asia and Australia, east, north and south. About one-third of Earth's surface, is the world's largest ocean. The area does not include an adjacent sea, about 165,250,000 square kilometers. The second area is 2 times the Atlantic Ocean, the water capacity of more than 2 times. Area of more than including Antarctica, including the sum of Earth's land area. Average depth (does not include a sea) 4280 meters. Many of the Western Pacific are the sea, from north to south as the Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, Japan Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. Heilongjiang rivers in East Asia, the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Pearl River and the Mekong are the Pacific Ocean by an ocean. 150 ° east longitude over the western ocean floor flat. Western Pacific underwater ridge 600 meters above the formation of islands in some places. From the northwest Pacific Ocean south of the Aleutian ridge extending to the Kuril Islands, the Ogasawara Islands, the Marianas, Yap and Palau; extends eastward from the Bismarck Palau, Solomon Islands and Santa Cruz; finally by the Samoa south to Tonga, kema Dirk, Chatham and Macquarie. As the proportion of land and the sea north than the south, and land-based ice sheets of Antarctica, the North Pacific water temperature higher than that of the South Pacific. Near the equator of calm and variable winds with the sea salt content is lower than the trade wind belt. The vertical currents of the Pacific is the largest cold water generated around the Antarctic continent. Polar water density around the sink, and then most of the north Pacific posed the bottom of the spread. Deep cold water in the Western Pacific to compare the distinctive flow of ocean currents from the north near Antarctica to Japan. The main tributaries of the deep cold water flow to bring the two hemispheres of both the East and then in the polar flow. Deep circulation currents near convergence zone by the sinking of surface waters. Tropical convergence zone in the Pacific Ocean at latitude 35 ° north and south to 40 ° between the farther away from the equator, the greater the depth of water sinks, the most important convergence zone in the latitude between 55 ° to 60 °. English name: Pacific Ocean French name: Océan Pacifique
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Category Overview
Location In Asia, Oceania, Antarctica and South America, North America between. Area About 15 900 km North-South, East and West about 19 900 km maximum width, area of 166,241,000 square kilometers (not including the case of the sea). The total area of the world's oceans for 49.8%, accounting for 35% of the total area of the earth. Pacific is the largest of four oceans on the planet, the deepest and the islands, coral reefs, the largest ocean. Range Pacific, the southeast corner of southwest Tasmania to the Antarctic continent and the Indian Ocean boundary meridian (longitude 147 degrees), southeast through the southern tip of Cape Horn, South America, the warp and the Atlantic Ocean boundary (longitude 68 degrees), North by white Strait and the Arctic Ocean that connection longitude Panama Canal and the Strait of Magellan, Drake Passage to communicate the Atlantic Ocean, west longitude and the Sunda Strait of Malacca through the Indian Ocean, the total quasi-circular profile. Depth The average depth of 4187.8 m (does not include a sea), the maximum depth in the Mariana trench Daytona, depth of 11,034 meters, is the deepest known point of the world's oceans. Geographical Usually the Pacific south of the Tropic of Cancer for the sector, points south, in the North Pacific, or to the equator as the boundary points south, the North Pacific, but also to longitude 160 ° as the boundary, the Eastern and Western Pacific. North Pacific: the waters north of the Tropic of Cancer, located in the northern subtropical and northern temperate zone, mainly the sea with the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. Central Pacific: bit south, between the Tropic of Cancer, located in the tropics, mainly the sea the South China Sea, Java Sea, Coral Sea, the Sulu Sea, Sulawesi Sea, Banda Sea and so on. South Pacific: south of the Tropic of Capricorn, located in the subtropical southern temperate zone, mainly the sea with the Tasman Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, Ross Sea and Amundsen. Countries and regions Pacific region more than 30 independent countries, and a dozen belong to the United States, Britain, France and other countries of the colony.
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Natural environment
Island About ten thousand islands, the Pacific, with a total area of more than 440 million square kilometers, about the world 45% of the total area of the island. Continental island mainly in the west, such as the Japanese archipelago, Kalimantan Island, New Guinea, etc.; central parts of the ocean like many scattered islands (volcanic island, coral island). Topography Can be divided into the central deep water, shallow waters and the continental shelf edge of three parts. Approximately 2 000 meters below the sea basin, about 87% of the total area of 200 to 2 000 meters of the edge of about 7.4%, less than 200 meters of the continental shelf accounts for about 5.6%. The northern half of a huge basin, the western a number of island arc, island arc with deep trench. Northern and western edge of the sea has a wide continental shelf, deep waters of the central depth of more than 5 000 meters. Hawaiian Islands and the Line Islands will be divided into the central deep water area of the Northeast Pacific Basin, Southwest Pacific Basin, northwest Pacific basin and in the Pacific basin. A large number of submarine volcanic cone. Edge of the shallow water depth of more than 5 000 m above sea basin area is small. Volcanoes and earthquakes About 85% of the world's active volcanoes and about 80% of the earthquakes concentrated in the Pacific region. The Eastern Pacific, the Americas and the Pacific Cordillera western edge of the flower color like islands in the world's most violent areas of volcanic activity, active volcanoes up to 370 seats, the "Pacific Ring of Fire," said the frequent earthquakes. Climate Ocean current Pacific Ocean currents, roughly bounded by 5-10 ° N, divided into two main north-south circulation: Circulation in the north running clockwise from the North Equatorial Stream, Japan, warm, warm North Pacific, California cold composition; run anti-clockwise circulation in the south, from south equatorial warm, warm eastern Australia, west wind drift, Peru cold composition. The equatorial counter-current circulation between the two, running from west to east flow rate of 2 km per hour. Tidal Mostly irregular semidiurnal tide, tidal range is generally 2-5 meters.
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Marine resources
Pacific Growth of animals and plants, whether phytoplankton or sea plants and fish and other animals than other ocean rich. Fisheries
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Transportation
Shipping Pacific in the international transport of great significance. There are many articles linked Asia, Oceania, North America and South America, an important sea and air routes through the Pacific; the east and southwest of the Panama Canal Strait of Malacca, is a gateway to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, respectively, shortcuts and the world's major waterways. The main shipping routes in East Asia - North America West Coast route, the East Asian - Caribbean, North America East Coast routes, East Asia - South America West Coast route, the East Asian coastal routes, East Asia - Australia, New Zealand routes, Australia, New Zealand - North East, the West Coast routes. There are many ports along the Pacific coast. The 180 ° meridian runs through the Pacific as the "International Date Line", the vessel crossed the line from west to east, the date minus one day; the other hand, the date will be added one day. The first submarine cable Pacific submarine cables laid by the British in 1902, and in 1905 the United States in the Pacific are also laying the submarine cable. At present Canada to Australia, the United States to the Philippines, Japan and Indonesia, Hong Kong to the Philippines and Vietnam, are among the countries of South America coastal submarine cable. In recent years, begun to use man-made communications satellite over the Pacific Ocean to contact.
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Historical name
After another 3 months of hard sailing, the fleet crossed from South America to Guam to the Philippines. During this voyage never encountered a storm, the sea is calm, the original fleet has entered the doldrums. Suffering from the pain of the previous crew of tidal wave and said: "It was a Pacific ah!" From then on, people to the Americas, Asia, Oceania, as among this ocean the "Pacific." Pacific is the world's largest and deepest ocean, the original area of 100 million 8,130 million square kilometers, was established in the Southern Ocean, the area was adjusted to 100 million 5,555 million, seven one thousand square kilometers, with an average depth of 4028 meters, the depth of the Mariana Trench depth of 11,034 meters. North and South into the North Pacific from the equator and the South Pacific. It extends west from the Americas to Asia and Australia's east coast. It is also the islands, bays, trenches and distribution of volcanic earthquakes up to the ocean. The world's oceans are divided into five parts, namely, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean. Now the Pacific is the largest ocean. But the American continent and the Asian continent is at an annual rate of around 1-2 cm. So the Pacific is getting smaller, the corresponding Atlantic is larger.
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Formation process
The formation of the Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean is the largest modern tectonic units on the planet, and the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean than it has many unique and distinctive evolutionary history, such as the earthquake in the Pacific volcanic belt loop, extensive development of the island arc - trench lines, sides of the Atlantic tectonic history of the significant differences ... ... This makes many people believe, the Pacific which may have different causes. For a long time, scientists have proposed many hypotheses about the causes of the Pacific, most notably the 19th century, George Darwin (1879) proposed the "Moon said the separation." Darwin argued, in the early half of Earth's molten state, the rotation speed is much faster than now, while the effect of solar gravity tides occur. If the tides and the Earth's natural vibration period of the same period of vibration, resonance occurs, the amplitude increases, may eventually lead to partial rupture, so that some objects escape from the Earth as the moon, leaving the pits then develop into the Pacific Ocean. Because the density of the Moon (3.341 g / cc) and the density of shallow earth (including the top of the mantle lithosphere, including olive rock the average density of 3.2-3.3 grams / cubic centimeter) approximation, and indeed observed that people that the sooner the earth's rotation speed of the phenomenon of faster, which makes George Darwin's "Moon said the separation" was a lot of support. However, some researchers point out, to make objects fly out of the earth, the earth's rotation speed should be faster than 24/17 hours a day and night time which is not larger than 1 hour 25 minutes. Is the early Earth had such a fast rotation speed? This is obviously hard to believe. Moreover, if the moon is really flying out from the Earth, the Moon orbits the Earth's equatorial plane should be, but the fact is not the case. Also, most of moon rocks much older age with the value (4.0 billion -45.5 billion), while the Earth's oldest rocks have been found in only 38 billion years, which apparently contradicts with the fly said. Finally, it abandoned this view. 50-60 since the 20th century, due to the progress of geological research objects, it was found that the Earth's nearest neighbor - the Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury has developed a wide range Dengjun meteorite crater, and some very large scale. This can not but make people think, the Earth may also be subjected to the same shock effect. In 1955, the French Dimo Mitchell first proposed, the Pacific before the Alps may be caused by the impact of the meteor made. And he believes the meteor could originally a satellite earth, the moon is almost twice the diameter. Unfortunately, did not present sufficient evidence. As we all know, the moon has no active tectonic activity, the role of meteorite impacts the evolution of lunar crust is the main driving force. Moon on the sea is heavy bombardment early formation of small bodies near the circular depression at the bottom of the dark by the later eruption of the mare basalt filling. The monthly maximum sea - the Ocean of Storms area of 500 square kilometers. Compared with the month the Pacific marine, you can see the following common characteristics: 1. On the moon on the sea distribution is uniform, concentrated in the northern hemisphere in front of the moon; the Pacific side corner of the Earth is also a party, which reflects the randomness of the role of the early impact. 2. Mare with a circular outer profile, and lower than the monthly average of 2-3 km land; Pacific are roughly round in shape, lower than the national average of 3-4 km. 3. By the age of the Earth's continental older, less dense rock formations silicon aluminum, while the ocean by the age of light, high density composition of basaltic rocks, the moon, too, on the sea but also by the younger basalt. 4. Thick crust on the Earth, between 30-50 km thin oceanic crust, usually 5-15 km; the moon had a similar situation, usually on the continental crust 40-60 km thick, are generally less than on the sea shell 20 km. 5. Gravity measurements show that mare has obvious positive anomalies; the Pacific, the situation is more complex, but higher than the surrounding continental gravity value. 6. Chain is surrounded by mountains on the sea surrounded by the Pacific is also surrounded by mountains chain. 7. Found to have the edge in the Pacific Ocean and the central ridge, and in some of the larger sea is also visible on a dike-shaped bulge. Located in the central and on the edge of the sea. 8. The eastern Pacific Ocean with the island arcs, marginal seas composed of transition from the oceanic crust transition zone, the edge of the sea in some months have seen the so-called "class on the sea," the transition area. Of course, on the sea than the sea on the Pacific are also some other features that are not. Such as tectonic magmatic activity, reflecting the seabed seafloor spreading magnetic strip, as well as the surrounding mountain chain in the Pacific significantly more spin on the distant visible folds and granite activities, and the moon did not. Differences such as these, experts think that is much larger than the moon, Department of Earth with the quality and volume of the reason. In summary, the Pacific is in the early Earth and a huge impact basins. But in the long period of geological history, it has undergone several transformation.
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American TV series "Pacific"
Mini-Series】 【 Pacific is a World War II series of skits from the HBO production. Which is now filming the show. This short play has similarities with the U.S. drama Band of Brothers, but no connection between them. This drama is about the battle on the story of U.S. forces in the Pacific. Pacific led by Bruce McKenna made. He is also an important author of Band of Brothers. Hugh Ambrose, son of Arms of Shidifenan Boras, will also serve as project consultants to participate in the preparation of the story in the past. Story line: Creative drama is based on the Pacific naval officers and men of two memoirs: With the Old Breed by Eugene Sledge and Helmet for My Pillow by Robert Leckie. This series of short plays will be the two of us and another soldier in the U.S. and Japan, John Basilone story of military operations. The drama will cover the Navy participated in a number of well-known division of the Pacific campaign; including Guadalcanal campaign, Battle of Iwo Jima and so on. The Pacific Directed by Carl Franklin Tim Van Patten Graham Yost Jeremy Podeswa Tony To Produced by Steven Spielberg Tom Hanks Gary Goetzman Written by Robert Leckie (book) Eugene Sledge (book) Bruce McKenna Starring James Badge Dale Jon Seda Joe Mazzello Distributed by HBO Release date (s) 2009 Running time approx. 600 min. (10 parts) Country United States Language English Budget $ 250,000,000 (reported Table role actor Pacific Cast The following credits have been taken from the IMDb. Joseph Mazzello - as - Corporal Eugene "Sledgehammer" Sledge Jon Seda - as - Gunnery Sergeant John Basilone James Badge Dale - as - Private First Class Robert Leckie William Sadler - as - Colonel Lewis "Chesty" Puller Isabel Lucas - as - Gwen Cariba Heine - as - Phyllis Jacob Pitts - as - Bill "Hoosier" Smith Ashton Holmes - as - Sid Phillips Nikolai Nikolaeff - as - Rear Echelon Man Brendan Fletcher - as - Bill Leyden Matt Craven - as - Dr. Grant Nathan Corddry - as - Private Loudmouth Rami Malek - as - Merriell "Snafu" Shelton Matthew Dale - as - Sergeant John Marmet Damon Herriman - as - Merrin Ben Esler - as - Pfc. Charles "Chuck" Tatum Joshua Close - as - Edward Sledge Jon Bernthal - as - Manuel Rodriguez Gary Sweet - as - Haney Martin McCann - as - Corporal Robert V. Burgin Keith Nobbs - as - "Runner" Leon Ford - as - Lieutenant Edward "Hillbilly" Jones Freddie Joe Farnsworth - as - Lieutenant "Stumpy" Stanley Simon Bossell - as - Doc Stern Tom Budge - as - Ronnie Gibson Braydn Michael - as - Robert Marshall Mauricio Merino Jr - as - Handyboy Scott Gibson - as - Captain Andrew "Ack Ack" Haldane Joshua Biton - as - Sergeant JP Morgan Josh Helman - as - Lou "Chuckler" Juergens Henry Nixon - as - Lieutenant Hugh "Ivy League" Corrigan Dwight Braswell - as - Steve Evanson Anna Torv - as - (uncredited) Karl Cottee - as - Corporal Pegg Annie Parisse - as - Lena
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Encyclopedia
太平洋 百科辞典
Taiping Yang Pacific Pacific Ocean The world ocean. In Asia, Oceania, North America, South America and Antarctica between. North of the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait and connected to the Soviet Union during the northeast corner Jason Day Benioff, the Bering Strait in the large and small on behalf of the Omid Island, to the western end of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska Prince of Wales line angle for the community. East via the Panama Canal and the Strait of Magellan, Drake Passage Atlantic communication; place in the Drake Passage, roughly the southern tip of South America to Cape Horn through the longitude 69 ° 55 'line and the Atlantic divide. West through the Malacca Strait, Sunda Strait, through the Indian Ocean, the dividing line roughly from the north from the mouth of the Malacca Strait, along the west coast of Sumatra island, the south coast of Java island, the Arafura Sea, Torres Strait, and then passed along the east coast of Australia and the Tasman the southeast corner of the island Romania longitude 146 ° 51 'line to the Antarctic continent. Level slightly oval outline. North-south width of 15,900 km from east to west at its widest point of about 19,900 kilometers, an area of 179,679,000 square kilometers, accounting for about half of the total area of the world's oceans and the Earth's surface over 1 / 3. Including the edge of the sea, including an average depth of 4,000 meters, the volume of more than 700 million cubic kilometers of water. The deepest in the western Pacific, the Mariana Trench, 11,034 meters deep, the deepest point of the world's oceans. Cutting the eastern coast of the Pacific small coastline and mountains to the parallel, the lack of the peninsula, islands and bays, the edge of the sea. West coast twists and turns, but also as a series of curved outer islands and surrounded by a large peninsula, forming many marginal sea, such as the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea and East China Sea, South China Sea, Java Sea, Sura Wei Xihai, Banda Sea, Coral Sea and so on. Many Pacific islands, the majority concentrated in the central and western waters. Islands total area of about 4.4 million square kilometers, the total area of the world 45% of the island. Where the continental island mainly in Asia and outside the Australian continent, such as Sakhalin Island, the Japanese archipelago, China's Taiwan Island and Hainan Island, Sunda Islands, Tasmania, New Zealand South Island and North Island, New Guinea Island, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, etc.; volcanic island wide distribution, such as the Aleutian Islands, the Kuril Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Samoa, New Hebrides, Cologne Islands; Coral Island, mainly in the tropical southwest Pacific, such as all of the atolls of the Caroline Islands, most of the atolls of the Marshall Islands, Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Tonga Islands. Topography can be divided into the continental margin, mid-ocean ridges and seamounts, oceanic basin three huge tectonic terrain unit. Continental margin including the continental shelf, continental slope, deep trench and island arc and marginal sea basin, an area of about 24% of the total area of the Pacific, constructed in the continental crust and the oceanic crust transition zone between. Eastern and western Pacific continental margin have different characteristics. Western edge of the island arc and trench area accompanied by students, tectonic movement, volcanoes and frequent earthquakes, large undulating terrain, mostly to oceanic island arc of projection, north to south there are the Aleutian Islands, the Kuril Islands, Japan Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, the Philippines and the Sunda Islands. In the outer island arc trench associated with the same name, such as the Aleutian trench (maximum depth 7679 m), the Kuril - Kamchatka Trench (10,542 meters), Japan Trench (10,554 meters), the Ryukyu Trench (7507 m) and the Philippine Trench ( 10,497 meters) and so on. In a series of broad arc inside the edge of the sea basin, also known as back-arc basin, the formation of many of the western Pacific marginal seas, where the continental shelf and some wider, such as the Bering Sea in the north and east of the depth of one hundred meters or less, there some of the islands above the water surface; the Yellow Sea and East China Sea continental shelf is less than 50 meters water depth, bottom flat, deep sediments, rich in oil and marine biological resources; South China Sea and Java Sea continental shelf is less than hundred meters depth, the southern sea and many drowned valley; Arafura sea coral reefs are widely distributed; outside the northeastern coast of the Australian continent famous Great Barrier Reef. Extremely narrow continental shelf of the eastern edge of the area, was not a continuous ribbon, the equivalent of trench and the continental island arc along the mountain accompanied by students, non-marginal basin, such as Central America are in the american west trench (6662 m), west of the Andes of South America Peru - Chile Trench (8064 m). North West Coast of the continental slope off more than being deep-sea canyons, such as Mountain Thunder Canyon, Bering Canyon. Biased position of mid-ocean ridge east of the Pacific, north of the Aleutian Basin, the Gulf of Alaska, Gulf of California, east-west islands in Cologne
pacific island