The solar system's ninth planet. According to the order from the sun into account as the seventh planet. 1781 by the British astronomer Herschel discovered. The average distance from the sun 28 69 million kilometers. Diameter of 51,800 km, the average density of 1 24 g / cm 3, the quality of 8 742 × 10 28 克. Revolution cycle 84 01 years, the rotation cycle of 23 9 hours, the reverse rotation. Surface temperature of about -180 ° c. A magnetic field, rings and 15 satellites.
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tiān wáng xīng
Arranged according to the distance between the Sun is the seventh planet, known to have five satellites, its equatorial diameter is about 4 times the Earth
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No. 3
The solar system's ninth planet. According to the order from the sun counted as the seventh teeth. The equatorial diameter of about 4 times the Earth, the quality is equivalent to 14.63 times the Earth. Cycle around the sun about 84, the luminosity is weak, the main components of the surrounding atmosphere of hydrogen and methane. A ring, with five satellites.
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Uranus
Uranus is the seventh from the sun in the solar system planets far from the diameter of view, is the third planet of the solar system. Uranus, Neptune's large volume and quality than the small. Orbit: 2,870,990,000 from the sun km (19.218 AU) Planet Diameter: 51,118 km (equatorial) Quality: 8.683e25 kg Read the English name Uranus, pronounced to be careful when it may cause people caught in distress situation. uranus should be read as "yoor a nus", not to read into "your anus" (your anus), or "urine us" (at us pee). Uranus is the ancient Greek mythology, the god of the universe, the earliest supreme god. He is the son and spouse of the Asia is cronus (Saturn Saturn), Cyclops and the Titans (Olympus mountain predecessors) father. Only an interplanetary probe visited Uranus, it was in January 24, 1986 by the Voyager 2 completed. Most of the planets revolved around the ecliptic plane is almost perpendicular to the axis of rotation, can be the axis of Uranus is almost parallel to the ecliptic plane. Voyager 2 probe in that time, Uranus's south pole is almost acceptable direct sunlight. This strange fact that Uranus' polar regions receive the energy from the sun than the equatorial regions to get higher. But Uranus's equatorial regions than in polar regions is still hot. The reason for this is also unknown. And it is not greater than 90 degrees forward rotation of the shaft angle is less than 90 degrees inclination to reverse rotation. The problem is you have to draw a dividing line somewhere, because it is really like on the reverse rotation of Venus (not the angle close to 180 degrees forward rotation) there is some controversy. Uranus is essentially a rock and a variety of ice formed, it only contains 15% hydrogen and some helium (and mostly composed of hydrogen than Jupiter and Saturn is less). Uranus and Neptune in many ways and remove the huge Jupiter and Saturn in the case of liquid metallic hydrogen core is very much the same after. Although the core of Uranus is unlike Jupiter and Saturn, as rocky, but the distribution of their material is almost the same. Uranus's atmosphere contains about 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane. If all the other gas planets, Uranus has bands of clouds around it fast flowing. But they are too weak, and even be processed by the Voyager 2 pictures can be seen (right). Recent observations by the Hubble telescope (left) shows the streaks are larger and more evident. Presumably, this difference is mainly due to seasonal effects arising from the (direct sun to Uranus may result in a significant low-latitude regions the role of day and night). Uranus was the blue of its outer atmosphere of methane absorbs red light of the results. Where there may be as ribbons like Jupiter, but they are covered with layers of methane covered. Like all the other gas planets, Uranus has rings. They are the same as Jupiter's dark halo, but also like the rings of Saturn, as the large diameter of 10 meters, small dust particles and the composition. Uranus has 11 known rings layer, but are very dim; the brightest known as the epsilon ring. Uranus's rings were found following the Saturn was discovered after the first, this finding is considered important, thus we know the ring is a common feature of planets, not just unique to Saturn. Voyager 2 found the following five major satellites known after the 10 small satellites. It seems there are some within the ring of smaller satellites. On Uranus shaft problems, is also worth mentioning that the magnetic field it is also very strange, it is not in the center of this planet, and tilted nearly 60 degrees. This may be due to Uranus deeper inside the movement caused. Sometimes in the clear night sky, just the naked eye can see vague Uranus, but if you know its location, through the binoculars will be very easy to observe. Through a small telescope can see a small round disk-shaped. Maike Ha Wei planet finding chart shows Uranus and other planets in the sky position. More detail, the chart will be getting better as this brilliant galaxy of astronomical program to find and complete. Uranus is the ancient Greek mythology, the god of the universe, the earliest supreme god. He is the son and spouse of the Asia is cronus (Saturn Saturn), Cyclops and the Titans (Olympus mountain predecessors) father.
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The discovery of Uranus
Only an interplanetary probe visited Uranus, it was in January 24, 1986 by the Voyager 2 completed. Most of the planets revolved around the ecliptic plane is almost perpendicular to the axis of rotation, can be the axis of Uranus is almost parallel to the ecliptic plane. Voyager 2 probe in that time, Uranus's south pole is almost acceptable direct sunlight. This strange fact that Uranus' polar regions receive the energy from the sun than the equatorial regions to get higher. But Uranus's equatorial regions than in polar regions is still hot. The reason for this is also unknown. And it is not greater than 90 degrees forward rotation of the shaft angle is less than 90 degrees inclination to reverse rotation. The problem is you have to draw a dividing line somewhere, because it is really like on the reverse rotation of Venus (not the angle close to 180 degrees forward rotation) there is some controversy.
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Composition of Uranus
Uranus is essentially a rock and a variety of ice formed, it only contains 15% hydrogen and some helium (and mostly composed of hydrogen than Jupiter and Saturn is less). Uranus and Neptune in many ways and remove the huge Jupiter and Saturn in the case of liquid metallic hydrogen core is very much the same after. Although the core of Uranus is unlike Jupiter and Saturn, as rocky, but the distribution of their material is almost the same. Uranus's atmosphere contains about 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane. If all the other gas planets, Uranus has bands of clouds around it fast flowing. But they are too weak, and even be processed by the Voyager 2 pictures can be seen (right). Recent observations by the Hubble telescope (left) shows the streaks are larger and more evident. Presumably, this difference is mainly due to seasonal effects arising from the (direct sun to Uranus may result in a significant low-latitude regions the role of day and night).
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The color of Uranus
Uranus was the blue of its outer atmosphere of methane absorbs red light of the results. Where there may be as ribbons like Jupiter, but they are covered with layers of methane covered. Like all the other gas planets, Uranus has rings. They are the same as Jupiter's dark halo, but also like the rings of Saturn, as the large diameter of 10 meters, small dust particles and the composition. Uranus has 11 known rings layer, but are very dim; the brightest known as the epsilon ring. Uranus's rings were found following the Saturn was discovered after the first, this finding is considered important, thus we know the ring is a common feature of planets, not just unique to Saturn. Voyager 2 found the following five major satellites known after the 10 small satellites. It seems there are some within the ring of smaller satellites. On Uranus shaft problems, is also worth mentioning that the magnetic field it is also very strange, it is not in the center of this planet, and tilted nearly 60 degrees. This may be due to Uranus deeper inside the movement caused. Sometimes in the clear night sky, just the naked eye can see vague Uranus, but if you know its location, through the binoculars will be very easy to observe. Through a small telescope can see a small round disk-shaped. Maike Ha Wei planet finding chart shows Uranus and other planets in the sky position. More detail, the chart will be getting better as this brilliant galaxy of astronomical program to find and complete.
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Uranus satellite
Uranus has 15 named satellites, and the two have been found but not yet named satellites. And various other celestial bodies in the solar system, Uranus's satellite is not in the ancient mythological figures named, but with Shakespeare and Pope's works in names of the characters. They are naturally divided into two groups: the Voyager 2 discovered around Uranus is dark for 10 small satellites and five in the outer layer of large satellites. They have a circular orbit around Uranus's equator (and therefore relative to the equatorial plane has a larger angle). Satellite distance (km) radius (km) Mass (kg) Discoverer Date of discovery Cordelia 5000013 Voyager 2 1986 Days Hyperion 5,400,016 Voyager 2 1986 Wei eight days Voyager 2 1986 5900022 Day Phoebe 6200033 Voyager 2 1986 Days Janus 6300029 Voyager 2 1986 Wei eleven days Voyager 2 1986 6400042 Wei twelve days of Voyager 2 1986 6600055 Titania thirteen 7,000,027 Voyager 2 1986 Wei fourteen days of Voyager 2 1986 7500034 Titania eighteen 75000 20 karkoschka 1999 Wei fifteen days of Voyager 2 1985 8600077 Days Rhea 130000 236 6.30e19 kuiper1948 Ariel 191000 579 1.27e21 lassell 1851 Days Deimos 266000 585 1.27e21 lassell 1851 Titania 436000 789 3.49e21 Herschel 1787 Oberon 583000 761 3.03e21 Herschel 1 787 Day Prometheus 7200000 30 gladman 1997 Titania seventeen 12200000 60 gladman 1997 Uranus' ring ring distance (km) width 1986u2r 38000 2,500 6418401-3 5422302-3 4425802-3 alpha 44720 7-12 beta 45670 7-12 eta 47190 0-2 gamma 47630 1-4 delta 48290 3-9 1986u1r 50020 1-2 epsilon 51140 20-100 (Distance is counted from the center of Uranus to the inner side of the length of the ring)
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Unknown point
Why not the other gas planets like Uranus energy radiation from the Sun than to get more? Its interior is cold it? Why is it so unusual to tilt the shaft? Whether due to violent collisions caused by? Why do Uranus and Neptune on the hydrogen and helium than Jupiter and Saturn on the much less? Is it just because they are smaller? Or because the farther from the sun? Lying on the orbit - Uranus Uranus is a planet far away day, according to the Sun from near and far from the order is the seventh teeth. In the West, Uranus was known as the "black North assassination", he was the first ruling god of the universe. He and Mother of the sub-combination, later gave birth to the gods, he took great pains to chaos of the universe was harmonious and orderly planning. In Chinese, it will be the star name translation to do, "Uranus." Uranus is a blue-green ball, its surface has a pale blue-green brilliance and not parallel with the equatorial stripe, which is probably due to fast rotation caused by the atmosphere flow. Uranus's equatorial radius is about 25,900 km, the volume of the Earth 65 times. 14.63 times the mass of Earth. Uranus is less dense, the average density of 1.24 grams per cubic centimeter. Uranus is the main component of the atmosphere of hydrogen, helium and methane. Uranus's orbit is an ellipse, the radius of the track length is 29 billion kilometers, it is an average speed of 6.81 kilometers per second around the sun, the revolution week to 84 years, the rotation period is much shorter, only 15.5 hours. In the solar system, all basically follow the axis of rotation of the planets with orbits close to the vertical surface movement, only the exception of Uranus, its rotation axis is almost parallel with the surface of the orbits, and orbits the equatorial plane angle of 97 degrees 55 minutes , which means that it is almost "lie down" with the movement around the sun. So some people have called Uranus "a reversal of the planetary world." Uranus on the alternating day and night and the seasons are very strange and complicated, turns the sun shines the North Pole, the equator, the South Pole, the equator. Therefore, most parts of Uranus every day and every night, should be continued for 42 years to transform again. Which the sun shines most, which is very summer, the sun does not always fall, there is no night; and back to the sun which pole is in the long night of being overshadowed by the cold winter. Only near the equator of Uranus 8 degrees latitude north and south, only because the rotation cycle caused by diurnal variation. Uranus and Saturn, there are also beautiful ring, but also a complex ring system. It is the aura of the 20 small rings, each ring in different colors, colorful, beautiful and unusual. This 1970s found that breaking the ring of Saturn is the only solar system planet that traditional knowledge. Uranus has 15 satellites, almost close to the equatorial plane of Uranus, turned around Uranus.
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World upside-down planet
1986 Voyager 2 spacecraft visited the planet, discovered 10 new satellites, the number of satellites it increased 2-fold, a total of 15, the newly discovered satellites are close to Uranus, but are relatively small in diameter more between 20 to 100 km. A maximum diameter of 160 km, the satellite is called 1985ui. Only a satellite is flying Uranus Voyager 2 journey in discovery. Uranus face was slightly opened, will continue to produce new suspect mystery. To a deeper understanding of the mystery, like Uranus, astronomers were also on the long-term unremitting efforts.
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Unexpected discovery
Saturn's rings are beautiful and strange things has long been known, seems to Saturn's rings "Patent." Until the 1970s only to break this monopoly. March 10, 1977, cover stars in a planetarium Uranus observations, Uranus in the sky slowly moving from Libra in a number sao158687 number of stars behind the dark after the emergence of a rare occultation heavens. China, the United States, Australia, India and South Africa Observatory have the opportunity to seize this rare experience to observe. Occultation occultation occurred before and after 5 times 5 times suddenly dark suddenly lit phenomenon. After the analysis of astronomers confirm Uranus has rings, thin ring is 9, the width of about 10 million km. January 24, 1986 Voyager 2 spacecraft to 72,000 km per hour when the speed flyby of Uranus, discovered Uranus's 11 rings, nine rings of correct understanding. A total of 20 rings of Uranus, the rings are different in different colors, to the distant planet Fengyun added new luster. Neptune also has radiation belts, there are poles similar to Earth's aurora occurs. Every 16 hours 3 minutes to 16 hours 5 minutes occurs once, indicating that Neptune has a magnetic field. Neptune's magnetic field and its spin axis inclination between about 50 °, its magnetosphere mainly by hydrogen ions, helium ions and ammonium ion composition.
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Found on the tip
Since Uranus was discovered in 1781 after it was discovered that Uranus does not always abide by "rules" in a circular motion around the sun is always on the track East West shake shake, enabling a large number of astronomers are puzzled: Perhaps outside Uranus side there is a planet, because of its presence, resulting in abnormal operation of Uranus! The 19th century, many astronomers have focused on search this "outer planets" hot work. There were two young people - France, United Kingdom Adams and Le Verrier in each unaware of the case, respectively, a full two-year calculation, first calculated in 1845 Adams, "the outer planets' orbit, however, yet the Greenwich Observatory his paper shelf, find the star missed the first opportunity. September 18, 1846, Le Verrier calculated the results sent to Berlin, but is taken seriously. Berlin Observatory Galle seize the opportunity to search for this "outer planets", the final pointing position in the vicinity of Le Verrier discovered the new planet, which is the eighth family of satellites the solar system planets - Neptune. The discovery of Neptune pen, so that the boundaries of the solar system goes out again, reaching 4.5 billion km away, while the Copernican and Newtonian mechanics provides the best evidence, the history of science to become a well-known story.
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Introduction
Uranus is the seventh planet outward sun in the solar system's volume is the third largest (large than Neptune), ranked fourth in quality (lighter than Neptune). His name comes from ancient Greek mythology, the god of the sky Uranus (Οὐρανός), the Cronus (Saturn) of his father, Zeus (Jupiter) grandfather. Uranus was the first planet discovered in modern one, although its luminosity and five traditional planets, the brightness is visible, but more dark and not found in the ancient observer. Wei Lianhe break ear Sir March 13, 1781 announced his discovery, the first time in modern history of the solar system extends the known boundaries. This is the first planet discovered in a telescope. Uranus and Neptune and Uranus Uranus symbols and composition of the atmosphere is different from the more internal gas giant star - Jupiter and Saturn. Similarly, astronomers _set_ up a different ice to accommodate their star classification. The main components of the atmosphere of Uranus is hydrogen and helium, contains a higher proportion of the water, ammonia, methane form of "ice", and can detect hydrocarbons. He is the lowest temperature in the solar system's planets, the lowest temperature is only 49K, there are complex structures consisting of clouds, water clouds in the lowest, the highest point of the methane clouds.
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Basic information
Find Discoverer: Wei Lianhe ear break Discovered: March 13, 1781 Track Data (Epoch J2000) Aphelion distance: 3,004,419,704 km (20.08330526 AU) Perihelion distance: 2,748,938,461 km (18.37551863 AU) Orbital semi-major axis: 2,876,679,082 km (19.22941195 AU) Orbit eccentricity: 0.044405586 Period of revolution: 30799.095 Earth Day (84.323326 years) Rotation period: about 15.5 hours Synodic period: 369.66 days Average orbital speed: 6.81 km / s Mean anomaly: 142.955717 ° Inclination: 0.772556 ° (6.48 ° of the sun's equator) Ascending node right ascension: 73.989821 ° Argument of perihelion: 96.541318 ° Satellite: 27 Physical Characteristics Equatorial radius: 25,559 ± 4 km (4.007 Earth) Polar radius: 24,973 ± 20 km (3.929 Earth) Flat rate: 0.0229 Surface area: 8.1156 × 109 km ² (15.91 Earths surface area) Volume: 6.833 × 1013 km ³ (63.086 Earths volume) Quality: 8.6810 ± 13 × 1025 kg (14.536 Earth) GM = 5,793,939 ± 13 公里 ³ / sec ² Average density: 1.290 g / cm ³ Equatorial surface gravity: 8.69 m / s ² (0.886 g) Escape velocity: 21.3 km / s Stellar rotation cycle: 0.71833 Earth Day (17:14:24) Equatorial rotation rate: 2.59 km / s (9,320 km / h) Axis tilt: 97.77 ° Arctic ascension: 17 h 9 min 15 s, 257.311 ° Declination: -15.175 ° Albedo: 0.300 (bond), 0.51 (geom) Surface temperature: Minimum average maximum 49 K 53 K 57 K Magnitude: 5.9 ~ 5.32 Angle Size: 3.3 "-4.1" Describe the terms: Uranian Atmosphere Atmospheric composition: 83 ± 3% hydrogen molecule (H2) 15 ± 3% helium 2.3% methane 0.009% (0.007-0.015%) deuterium compounds (HD) Ice: Ammonia Water Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide (NH4SH) Methane (CH4)
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Find
Is the planet Uranus was discovered before, has been observed many times, but regarded it as a stellar view. The earliest record dates back to 1690, 约翰佛兰斯蒂德 in his star catalog will be prepared for the Taurus 34, and at least six observations. French astronomer Pierre Lemonnier in 1750 to 1769 observed at least 12 times, including once in four consecutive nights of observation. William Herschel, discoverer of Uranus "The power I had on when I first saw the comet was 227. From experience I know that the diameters of the fixed stars are not proportionally magnified with higher powers, as planets are; therefore I now put the powers at 460 and 932, and found that the diameter of the comet increased in proportion to the power, as it ought to be, on the supposition of its not being a fixed star, while the diameters of the stars to which I compared it were not increased in the same ratio. Moreover, the comet being magnified much beyond what its light would admit of, appeared hazy and ill-defined with these great powers, while the stars preserved that lustre and distinctness which from many thousand observations I knew they would retain. The sequel has shown that my surmises were well-founded, this proving to be the Comet we have lately observed. " Herschel's discovery was informed because he became Astronomer Royal, and incoherent in the April 23, replied: "I do not know how to call it, it is nearly circular orbits like a planet moving on, and Comets is in a very flat elliptical orbit move and I did not see the coma or tail. " When Herschel continued to cautiously describe his new target comet, other astronomers have begun to do a different suspect. Soviet astronomer Anders Johan Lexell estimated its distance from Earth to the sun to the sun 18 times, but not four times the comet was at perihelion distance of Earth to the sun than is observed. Berlin astronomer Yue Hanbo Herschel's discovery was described like "in a circular orbit outside the orbit of Saturn on the moving stars, can be regarded as so far unknown objects like planets." This wave was determined to run a circular orbit of celestial bodies than the comet is more like a planet. This object will soon be receiving a planet. In 1783, French scientist Laplace confirmed Herschel discovered the planet. Herschel himself the chairman of the Royal Astronomical Society, John Banks, to acknowledge this fact: "by Europe's most distinguished astronomers observed, showing Fengyun new stars, I am honor in March 1781 refers to the recognizable, solar system is one of the major planets. "To this end, William Herschel was awarded the Royal Society Medal Ke Pulai. George III, based on his achievements, and he moved to Windsor royal family, royal family have the opportunity to use his telescope stargazing under the premise of giving Herschel annual salary of £ 200 a year.
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Form
Some argued that the gas giant and ice giant formed when there are differences in the existence of the birth of the solar system should begin in the form of a huge gas and dust rotating sphere, that is, before the solar nebula. When he rally, he gradually discoid, collapsed in the center of the formation of the sun. Most of the nebula gas, mainly hydrogen and helium, the formation of the sun; the same time, the dust particles formed the first collection of a former planet. In the process of planetary growth, the quality of some of the accumulated enough to gather the residual gas in the nebula. Gather more and more gas, so that they become greater; they become, the more gas can be gathered, until it reaches a critical point, so they began an exponential growth. Ice star, gas only a few earth quality, unable to reach this critical point. The current theory of solar system formation have encountered difficulties in the calculation so far away from Uranus and Neptune, Jupiter and Saturn, they are too big, so that distance can not get enough material to form. On the contrary, some scientists believe is closer to the position from the sun after the formation of Jupiter was only driven to the outside. However, recent mimic, the planet Piaoyi included, seems to have in their existing position to form Uranus and Neptune.
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Name
Maskelyne asked Herschel was this: "As the grace of the world of astronomy" (sic) "for your planet different name, which is entirely for your love, and expect you to our pressing for your discovery done. "Markey Muslim response to the request, Herschel decided to name it" George's Star (Georgium Sidus) "or" George III "in honor of his new patron - George III. His letter to 约瑟夫贝克 explains: "In the fabulous ages of ancient times the appellations of Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn were given to the Planets, as being the names of their principal heroes and divinities. In the present more philosophical era it would hardly be allowable to have recourse to the same method and call it Juno, Pallas, Apollo or Minerva, for a name to our new heavenly body. The first consideration of any particular event, or remarkable incident, seems to be its chronology: if in any future age it should be asked, when this last-found Planet was discovered? It would be a very satisfactory answer to say, 'In the reign of King George the Third. " Astronomer Jérôme Lalande proposed the planet known as Herschel in respect of its discoverer. However, the wave was in favor of the Greek myth of Uranus, translated into Latin, meaning the sky god, the Chinese are known as Uranus. Bode's argument is Saturn (Saturn) is Zeus (Jupiter) and his father, the new planet should be named the father of Saturn. The name Uranus was first Herschel died in 1823 after a year only appeared in official documents. George III or the "George's Star" after the name is still frequently used (only in the UK), until 1850, HM nautical almanac before switching to the name of Uranus. The planet Uranus is the only name from Greek mythology rather than Roman mythology, Uranus adjective (Uranian) was the discoverer of uranium Martin Klaproth in 1789 to name the newly discovered elements. Uranus's accent on the first syllable, because the penultimate tone A is a short sound (ūrănŭs) and is open syllables. This syllable in Latin has never been emphasized, so the proper pronunciation of the name of tradition from the English [jʊ.rə.nəs]. Traditionally, incorrect pronunciation, [jʊɹeɪ.nəs], stress falls on the second syllable and the tone will be a hair growth is very common. Uranus Astronomical symbol is Astronomical symbol for Uranus, Mars and the sun symbol he is the comprehensive, because Uranus is the sky god in Greek mythology, is considered by the sun and Mars United by the power of control. He astrology symbols, is Lalande proposed in 1784. In a letter to Herschel, Lalande described him as "your name for the first time over the earth symbol" ("a globe surmounted by the first letter of your name"). In East Asia, are also translated into Uranus ( sky king star).
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Orbit and rotation
Hubble Space Telescope images of Uranus Uranus 84 Earth years for each revolution around the sun a week, with an average distance of the sun about 30 billion km, the intensity of sunlight the Earth is only 1 / 400. Elements in his tracks the first time in 1783 calculated by Laplace, but with time, position prediction and observation errors. In 1841 John Adams first proposed Cauchy error may be due to a planet not yet seen the pull. In 1845, LeVier orbit of Uranus began an independent study conducted in September 23, 1846 Jialei in LeVier predict the location of nearby discovered a new planet, later named Neptune. Uranus's internal rotation period is 17 hours and 14 minutes, however, and all the giant planets, he upper atmosphere toward the direction of rotation can experience very strong winds. In fact, in some latitudes, such as the South Pole from the equator to 2 / 3 of the path, you can see the air moving very rapidly, as long as 14 hours will be able to complete the rotation a week. Axis tilt Of the weather on Uranus: In the Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Winter Solstice 1902, Summer Solstice 1986 Equinox 1923, autumnal equinox 2007 1944 summer solstice, winter solstice 2028 Autumnal equinox 1965, equinox 2049
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Physical properties
Comparison of the size of Earth and Uranus Internal structure Uranus is the planet's mass is about 14.5 times that of Jupiter-mass planet in the least, he's density is 1.29 g / cm ³ is only higher than the Saturn. Although Neptune is similar in diameter (about four times Earth's), but lower quality. These values show that he mainly by a variety of volatile substances, such as water, ammonia and methane. Uranus is also the total content within the ice can not know precisely, according to the different choice of models have different content, but the total mass of the Earth between 9.3 to 13.5 times. Hydrogen and helium in only a small part of all, about 0.5 to 1.5 Earth mass. The remaining mass (0.5 to 3.7 Earth masses) is the rock material. Heat Uranus was overweight in the quality of percussion hammer crusher shaft caused by extreme tilting of the hypothesis, also includes the loss of heat, thus leaving a heat Uranus depleted core temperature. Another hypothesis that there is in Uranus' upper house to prevent heat conveyed to the surface of the barrier layer exists, for example, convection may occur only in a different structure between the heat may be prohibited to pass up. Ocean Atmosphere While Uranus is no clear solid surface within Uranus outermost gas cladding, which is known as part of the atmosphere, very easy to remote sensing volume. Remote sensing the amount of capacity from 1 Pa at the point of the depth down to 300 kilometers, equivalent to 100 Pa of atmospheric pressure and 320K temperature. Thin halo 1 Pa from the atmospheric pressure outside surface and extended to twice the radius of the office, Uranus's atmosphere can be divided into three layers: the troposphere, from -300 to 50 km altitude, atmospheric pressure 100 Pa to 0.1 Pa; stratosphere ( stratosphere), a high degree of 50-4000 km, atmospheric pressure to 10-10 Pa 0.1 Pa; and warming layer / halo, extending from 4000 km up to 50,000 kilometers from the surface. Not in the gas (fugitive layer). Element Uranus Uranus atmospheric composition and the overall composition is different, mainly hydrogen and helium. The mole fraction of helium, which is contained in each mole of helium atoms, which is now 0.15 ± 0.03; in the upper troposphere, the equivalent of 0.26 ± 0.05 mass percent. This value is very close to 0.275 ± 0.01 percent of the original stellar mass. Displayed on the gas giant, the helium in the planet is unstable. The atmosphere of Uranus, the third largest concentration of methane (CH4). Methane in the visible and near-infrared absorption bands of Uranus making a clear blue-green or dark blue color. 1.3 Pa in atmospheric pressure methane cloud tops, under methane in the atmosphere of the mole fraction is 2.3%, this amount is about 20 to 30 times the sun. Mixing ratio in the upper atmosphere due to extreme low temperatures, reducing the saturation level and causes excess methane ice. The low abundance of volatile substances, such as ammonia, water and hydrogen sulfide content in the atmosphere, the depths of knowledge is limited, but probably will be higher than the content of the sun. In addition to methane, the upper atmosphere of Uranus can be traced to a variety of trace amounts of hydrocarbons, is considered to be the sun's ultraviolet radiation-induced photolysis of methane. Ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2), methyl acetylene (CH3C2H), United acetylene (C2HC2H). Spectrum also revealed traces of water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere, but it may just come from comets and other external objects dust. Troposphere Troposphere is the lowest and highest density of the atmosphere part of the temperature decreases as altitude increases, the temperature around the bottom from the nominal 320 K, -300 km, down to 53 K, a height of 50 km. In the tropopause actual minimum temperature in 49 to 57K, depending on the height to decide on the planet. Tropopause is rising planets far infrared radiation heating the main flow region, where measured by the effective temperature is 59.1 ± 0.3 K. Troposphere, there should be a highly complex cloud structures, Ectocarpus is assumed in the atmospheric pressure 50 to 100 Pa, ammonia hydrosulfide cloud in the 20 to 40 Pa pressure range, ammonia or hydrogen sulfide clouds at 3 and 10 Pa, Finally, to directly detect methane clouds at 1 to 2 Pa. Troposphere is a very good atmosphere within the dynamic part, showing a strong wind, the bright clouds and seasonal changes will be discussed below. Upper atmosphere Uranus was the atmosphere of the middle stratosphere, where the temperature gradually increased from the tropopause warming of 53 K up to the bottom layer 800 至 850 K. Stratospheric heating methane and other hydrocarbons from the absorption of solar ultraviolet and infrared radiation, the atmosphere of this form is the result of methane photolysis. Heat from the warming layer may also noteworthy. Hydrocarbons is relatively narrow layer, height of 100-280 km, as opposed to air pressure is 10 micro-micro-Pa Pa to 0.1, temperature between 75K and 170K. The most abundant hydrocarbon is acetylene and ethane, as opposed to a mixture of hydrogen ratio × 10-7, and methane and carbon monoxide in the height of the mixing ratio is similar. Heavier hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and water vapor in the mixing ratio is even lower on the three orders of magnitude. Ethane and acetylene in the stratosphere at low temperature and high tropopause tends to unite with the formation of several layers of haze of clouds, which may also be considered in Uranus's cloud bands. However, the hydrocarbon concentration in the stratospheric haze on Uranus than the height above the height of the other Jovian planets is lower noteworthy. Uranus's atmosphere is warming the outermost layer, or halo, with a uniform temperature of about 800 to 850 K. Currently still do not understand what kind of supporting such a high temperature heat source, although the low efficiency of cooling the upper stratosphere of hydrocarbons can also contribute some energy, but even the sun's ultraviolet rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation far, or auroras activities are insufficient to provide the required energy. In addition, the hydrogen and halo has a warming layer and a large proportion of free hydrogen atoms, and their low molecular weight and high temperatures may explain why the halo can be extended to 50,000 km from the planet, both times the radius of Uranus far. The extension of the halo is a unique feature of Uranus. His role includes the damping of small particles around Uranus, Uranus ring particles lead to some wear and tear. Uranus warming and stratospheric corresponds to the upper ionosphere of Uranus. Observations show that the ionosphere occupy 2,000 to 10,000 km altitude. The density of the ionosphere of Uranus than Saturn or Neptune High, which may result from hydrocarbons in the lower stratosphere the concentration. Ionosphere under solar ultraviolet radiation is the main area, it is also based on the density of solar activity changes. Jupiter and Saturn auroral activity as a clear and significant. Magnetic field Before Voyager 2 arrived at Uranus's magnetosphere has never been measured, so it is natural to also maintain the mystery. Prior to 1986, because of Uranus's rotation axis lying on the ecliptic, astronomers can hope to measure the solar wind magnetic field of Uranus. Despite this strange alignment, Uranus's magnetosphere and in other planets similar to the general: in his front, 23 Uranus is located at a radius of the bow shock wave, the magnetopause at 18 Uranian radii, the full development of a complete the magnetotail and radiation belts. Comprehensive on the theory, the structure is different from Jupiter's magnetosphere of Uranus, but more like Saturn. Uranus's magnetic tail extends to the rear of the Uranus as far as millions of miles in space, and because the planet's rotation has been distorted and oblique side, like pulling the cork of a long helical rod.
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Climate
And other gas giant, Neptune and even with the relatively similar, Uranus's atmosphere is very calm. When Voyager 2 flew passing Uranus in 1986, a total of 10 were observed across the planet's cloud bands over the entire feature. It was suggested that this feature is to explain the internal heat of Uranus results than the other giant planets. Uranus recorded in the minimum temperature is 49 K, colder than Neptune, so that the lowest temperature of the solar system Uranus planet. Band structure, wind and cloud In 1986, Voyager 2 found that the visible southern hemisphere of Uranus can be subdivided into two regions: the bright polar regions and the dark equatorial belt region. Two boundaries of the area around the vicinity of -45 ° in latitude. In a span between -45 ° to -50 ° in a narrow ribbon on the surface of the planet to see the brightest large feature, known as the southern hemisphere "collar." Polar cap and the collar is considered to be dense region of methane clouds, the location at atmospheric pressure from 1.3 to 2 Pa level. Unfortunately, the Voyager 2 arrived at a time of summer, and the observable part of the northern hemisphere. However, from the beginning of the 21st century, the northern hemisphere "collar" and the polar regions could be the Hubble Space Telescope and the Keck telescopes. Result, Uranus appears to be asymmetric: bright near the South Pole is from the southern hemisphere's "collar" the north is the same darkness. May later appear in the seasonal changes on Uranus, will be discussed in detail. Uranus can be observed in the structure and the latitude of Jupiter and Saturn are different, they show many of the narrow but colorful ribbon structure. In addition to large-scale banded structure, Voyager 2 observed ten small bright clouds, most of them lying on the "collar" in the north a few degrees. See Uranus in 1986, like in other regions of the planet lifeless silence. However, observations in the 1990s, the number of bright cloud feature is a clear growth, most of them have appeared in the northern hemisphere started to become visible area. General explanation that is bright and the dark clouds in the planet's relatively easy to distinguish them some, and in the southern hemisphere was brighter "collar" hide out. However, the two hemispheres of the clouds are different, the northern hemisphere clouds smaller, more intense and brighter. They all look the height of the higher lying, until 2004, before the Antarctic region using 2.2um observing these are the facts. This is a sensitive band of methane absorption band, while the northern hemisphere the clouds are in this spectrum band to observation. The lifetime of clouds have this great difference, some small, only 4 hours, at least one of the southern hemisphere from the Voyager 2 flyby still been there after. Recent observations also found that although Uranus is more calm weather, but the clouds of Uranus and Neptune have many of the same features. But there is a special image, very common on Neptune Great Dark Spot, in 2006, never before observed on Uranus. Uranus kernel map to track these clouds have characteristics that can measure the top of the troposphere of Uranus is how the polar wind roar. The wind is back at the equator line, which means they blow the direction and rotation in the opposite direction, their speed from -100 to -50 m / Miao. Wind speed with increasing distance from the equator, about ± 20 ° in latitude stationary, here is the lowest temperature at the troposphere. Beyond the polar region moving, wind and planetary rotation has turned into the same direction, wind speed continued to increase in the latitudes ± 60 ° at the maximum, then decreased to 0 extremely weakened area. In the near latitude -40 °, the wind speed from 150 to 200 m / Miao, because the "collar" overshadowed all parallel to the clouds, can not be measured from where the wind speed between the Antarctic. Comparison with the Northern Hemisphere, the wind speed reaches its maximum at +50 ° latitude, speed up to 240 m / Miao. The speed will cause errors identified in the northern hemisphere the wind speed is faster, in fact, in the northern hemisphere of Uranus is as the wind was in latitude was slowly decreasing, especially in the mid-latitudes of ± 20 ° to ± 40 ° of latitude. Currently can not be identified so far in 1986, Uranus is the wind speed has changed, and the meridian of the slow wind is still unknown. Seasonal changes In the brief period of the fall of 2004, Uranus and Neptune appeared similar to a large clouds were observed to 229 m / s (824 km / h) wind-breaking tables, and known as the "July 4 fireworks," the storm. On August 23, 2006, Space Science Institute researcher (Boulder, CO) and the University of Wisconsin observed a large black spot Uranus surface, so that the atmosphere of Uranus astronomers learn more about the activities. Although not fully understand why the sudden upsurge in activity, but it presents the extreme tilt of Uranus's rotation axis caused by seasonal climate changes. To confirm the nature of this seasonal variation is very difficult because the atmosphere of Uranus is still less than 84 years of observational data, Uranus is a full year. Although a certain amount of discovery, photometric observations of Uranus has accumulated half years (starting from 1950), to bring brightness in two spectral change has presented a regular change in the maximum-to-point , the minimum in the equinox. From microwave observations began in 1960, the internal depth of the troposphere, has also been a similar cycle, the maximum value also to the point. From the 1970s to the beginning of the stratospheric temperature measurements also showed that the maximum appears near the Sun in 1986. Most of the changes believed to be related to the observed changes in the geometry, Uranus is an oblate sphere, resulting from the geographic pole direction can see the area become larger, which can be explained in the Sunday when the brightness of the lighter of the reasons. The albedo of Uranus near the meridian is also relatively strong (see above). For example, Uranus's southern hemisphere polar brighter than the equatorial belt. On the other hand, microwave spectroscopy showed that the polar regions are also relatively bright, but also know that in the polar stratospheric temperatures lower than the equator. Therefore, seasonal changes may occur like this: the polar regions, the spectrum in the visible and microwave are all under the bright, but when you look in to the point close to the brighter; dark equatorial region, mainly in the vicinity of the equinox period, it seems darker. In addition, to the point of occultation observations of equatorial stratospheric temperatures get higher. Uranus has the same token with a rational reason for the seasonal changes also occurred. When the area becomes bright when the Antarctic, the Arctic showing the relative darkness, which is the summary of the seasonal variation model does not comply. In 1944, before arriving in the northern hemisphere to the point, increase the brightness of Uranus appear to show the Arctic is not always dark. This phenomenon suggests the polar regions can be seen before the Sun begins to shine, and after the equinox began at dark. Detailed analysis of the visible and microwave data, display brightness changes in cycle-to-point in the vicinity are not completely symmetrical, which also shows that the meridian on the albedo model. In addition, some microwave data also show that in 1986, to Sunday, the polar and equatorial contrast enhanced. Finally, in the 1990s, left-to-point in the period of Uranus, Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes show there can be aware of the Antarctic dark crown (the southern hemisphere, "collar," except that he is still bright), while the activities of the Northern Hemisphere also proved to be enhanced, for example, the formation of clouds and stronger winds, support should be expected to increase the brightness will soon begin. Unusual and very bright southern hemisphere -45 ° "collar", is expected to appear in the planet's northern hemisphere.
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Periphery
Planetary ring Uranus has a faint planetary ring system, from about 10 meters in diameter, composed of dark particulate matter. He is the second rings of Saturn, the solar system found in the second ring system. Currently there are 13 known rings of Uranus rings, which is the brightest ε ring. Uranus rings is considered quite young, around the gap in the ring and the opaque part of the difference, suggesting that they are not simultaneously with the formation of Uranus, the ring material may be high-speed impact or tidal forces from the crushing of the satellite. Ring that date is March 10, 1977, in James L. Elliot, Edward W. Dunham, and Douglas J. Mink using the Kuiper Airborne Observatory observation. This finding is very unexpected, their original plan was masking SAO 158687 observed Uranus to study the atmosphere of Uranus. However, when they analyze the observed data, they found that masking of the planet around the star have all disappeared a short five. They believe that there must be a loop system around the planet to explain. Voyager 2 Uranus passing in 1986, when flying directly to see these rings. Voyager 2 also found a new ring twice, so that the number of rings to seven rings. In December 2005, the Hubble Space Telescope detected a pair of previously not found in the blue ring. Outermost circle and the distance of Uranus's previously known rings than twice as far, so newly discovered ring is called the outer loop system, so that the number of rings of Uranus to 13 laps. Hubble also discovered two new, small satellites, one of the Mab with the outermost ring to share the track. In April 2006, Keck Observatory announced the new ring image, the outer ring of the circle is blue and the other circle is red. Color is blue on the outer ring of a hypothesis, which consists of small ice particles from the composition of Mab, thus a sufficient number of Blu-ray scattering. Uranus' inner look was gray. Uranus's satellites and rings summary chart This is a summary table of Uranus rings: Name and distance from the center of Uranus (km) Width (km) 1986 U2R38, 0002,500? Ring 641,8401-3Ring 542,2302-3Ring 442,5802-3Alpha Ring44 ,7207-12Beta Ring45 ,6707-12Eta Ring47, 1900 - 2Gamma Ring47 ,6301-4Delta Ring48 ,2903-91986 U1R50 ,0201-2Epsilon Ring51 ,14020-100R / 2003 U 266,000? R/2003 U 197,734? Satellite Comparison of the major satellites of Uranus Uranus has 27 known natural satellites of the names from Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's opera. Five major satellite name is Miranda, Ariel, 乌姆柏里厄尔, Titania and Oubei Long. The first one and second teeth (Titania and Oubei Long) is Weilian He break the ear in March 13, 1787 found the other two and 乌姆柏里厄尔 Ariel in 1851 William La Suoer be found. In 1852, Wei Lianhe break ear ear break Yuehan He was the son of four satellites for this name. To the 1948 Gerard P. Ku Puer find the fifth satellite Miranda. The quality of the satellite system of Uranus is a gas giant at least, indeed, five major satellite is less than the total mass of Dayton Cui half. Largest moon, Titania, the radius of 788.9 km, less than half of the moon, but less than the second-largest satellite of Saturn Rhea slightly larger. Albedo of these satellites is relatively low, 乌姆柏里厄尔 about 0.2, about 0.35 Ariel (in green). These satellites of ice and rock, about 50% of the ice and 50% rock, ice may contain ammonia and carbon dioxide. In these satellites, Ariel has the youngest surface, with only a few of the crater; 乌姆柏里厄尔 appears to be the oldest. Miranda has a depth of 20 km of fault valleys, terraced levels and confusion of change, the formation of confusing the surface of the age and characteristics. Kind of hypothesis that may be encountered in the past Miranda massive hit and has been completely broken down, then up the chance of restructuring. In January 1986, Voyager 2 spacecraft flying over Uranus, photos later study, found Perdita and 10 small satellites. Later, using ground telescopes have confirmed the existence of these satellites. Ariel (Ariel) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania (Titania) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania with Oberon about the same size, but also re-filled with volcanic ash. This indicates that volcanic activity had occurred. There are strong winds up to thousands of kilometers of the Grand Canyon may be due to internal water freeze, expand, support a weak case and crack formation. Titania diameter of about 1,000 kilometers, is the largest satellite of Uranus. Its surface is covered by a black substance over again, probably methane or water ice. Oberon (Oberon) is running a satellite around Uranus. Outermost Oberon covered with craters. There are many dark crater at the end, may have filled the ice rock. Days Rhea (Miranda) is running a satellite around Uranus. . Cordelia (S/1986 U 7, Cordelia) is running a satellite around Uranus. Days Hyperion (S/1986 U 8, Ophelia) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania eight (S/1986 U 9, Bianca) is running a satellite around Uranus Day Phoebe (S/1986 U 3, Cressida) is running a satellite around Uranus. Days Janus (S/1986 U 6, Desdemona) is Uranus a small natural satellite. Titania eleven (S/1986 U 2, Juliet) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania twelve (S/1986 U 1, Portia) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania thirteen (S/1986 U 4, Rosalind) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania fourteen (S/1986 U 5, Belinda) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania fifteen (S/1985 U 1, Puck) is running a satellite around Uranus. Day Prometheus (S/1997 U 1, Caliban) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania seventeen (S/1997 U 2, Sycorax) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania eighteen (S/1999 U 3, Prospero) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania nineteen (S/1999 U 1, _Set_ebos) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania twenty (S/1999 U 2, Stephano) is running a satellite around Uranus. Titania twenty-one (S/2001 U 1, Trinculo) is running a satellite around Uranus.
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Probe
Satellite Visibility From 1995 to 2006, Uranus' apparent magnitude +5.6 to +5.9, etc. in between, barely visible in the 6.0 and so on, he's angular diameter in the 3.4 to 3.7 arc seconds; more Saturn is 16 to 20 arc seconds, Jupiter is 32 to 45 arc seconds. In the red, when Uranus with the naked eye in the dark can be, directly see the sky light pollution, even in the city can be easily seen using binoculars. Using the objective lens diameter 15 to 25 cm large amateur telescopes, Uranus will show a pale dark blue around the dark disk-shaped and clear; diameter 25 cm or larger, cloud patterns, and some large satellites, such as Titania and Oubei Long, are likely to see.
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Movie, "Uranus"
Foreign Name Uranus Director: Claude Berri Claude Berri Writers: Marcel Aymé .... novel Claude Berri Claude Berri Arlette Langmann Starring: Michel Brown Michel Blanc .... Gaigneux Gérard Depardieu Gérard Depardieu .... Léopold Jean - Pierre Mari Jean-Pierre Marielle .... Archambaud Genre: Drama / Comedy Runtime: Argentina: 100 min Country / Region: France Released 1990 Dialogue language: French Color: Color Mix: Dolby Level: Finland: K-12 / USA: R / Chile: 18 / Argentina: 16 Producer Produced by: Pierre Grunstein .... executive producer Production Company: DD Productions [France] Films A2 [France] Renn Productions [France] Sofica Investimage 3 [France] Issuer: AMLF [France] (France) Special Effects: Euro-Titres [France] (special effects) Other companies: Elison [France] re-recording facilities Transpalux [France] electrical material Story Based on novel, about a French town just after World War II, clean-up "class team", find out who is the patriot, who is in cahoots with the Nazis. Depardieu plays a bartender excessive drinking and outrageous, was framed. Behind the scenes Videos related to the theme of Crime and Punishment, the story is too complex, the lack of three-dimensional characterization, pale. Uranus Uranus Orchestra 3 belong to the constellation - Aquarius is ruled by name, was founded in 2005, members of the boys from JOE and GARDEN Guangzhou and Fuzhou, the girls from the three-member stay quiet treasure. Before the three groups is a very good friend, because the same love of hiphop music, often in online chat. As the same in Guangzhou, Joe and Garden in 2002 "M II" produced many famous names of songs, including the EMI 2003 release of "hip-hop now China," where a single, the first in the country a representative of King Norodom Heji in Southern rap played an important role; and stay quiet treasure is their own work and has done a lot in the major Norodom websites, has won over a million hits and the very high popularity, and Chinese rap is the most recognized circle Cock female rapper. In the winter of 2004 three friends finally swords collusion, decided to form a new mixed band and the name of King - Uranus Uranus. In 2005 the names of three people to make a lot of Uranus first King song, when the work is has been _select_ed, EMI Records and signed proxy issue. King of Uranus and diverse music genre, dare to walk in the forefront of the trend, the theme song rich, fully reflect the variety of life after 80 generations of the state. Their real funny lyrics, which describe a vision of life, but also on the side of the status quo sentiment, or even involved in a variety of bold nightlife, money and hedonism. JOE said, the three of them like a three-legged table, each supporting their music, which less feet of them. Uranus 3 people within the team also played their respective roles to play. Stay Po Ching, Chinese rap recognized as the best female rappa in college has a high popularity, sexy looks and sweet voice with a natural musical talent, her rival, the goddess became the first rap industry. Her name almost spread to all King's everyone listening to Chinese ears. Her work ("Uranus", "I like", "Life Show," "stupid", "babyboo") by EMI in 2005 EMI release, which also makes Uranus a higher level of fame.
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Astronomy 百科
Uranus in the second volume in the nine planets Jupiter and Saturn, the planet is about 65 times the volume and quality equivalent to the Earth 14.63 times. Uranus to 6.81 km / sec average speed around the sun, orbital period of 84 years. Uranus is the most unusual back its spin axis almost in its orbital planes, that is, it is "lying" with rotation. The other planets are "station" in their track surface rotation was speculation it could be knocked down by a celestial body, and now it has not been confirmed. Uranus's peculiar rotation as the origin of the solar system in the South a mystery. The equatorial magnetic intensity 2.5 × 10-5 tesla, than the Earth's 3.1 × 10-5 Tesla slightly lower, but strong internal magnetic field of Uranus, the energy contained in the earth 50 times. Uranus is the core of the rock material, the core temperature is 2000-3000. Outside the core is a layer of thick ice water and nitrogen ice, ice is a molecular hydrogen layer out, then outside is very thick atmosphere, the atmosphere is the main component of hydrogen and helium. Accounted for most of the content of hydrogen, helium content of about 10-15. This is similar to Jupiter's atmospheric composition. Uranus, like Earth's four seasons with the change, but its season is equivalent to the Earth for 21 years, in different seasons on Earth, by the sunlight of the summer hemisphere to the other side of winter. Uranus by William Herschel in 1781 with a homemade 16-cm diameter telescope found since discovered after 186 years, it was found that its ring. There are 11 ring of Uranus, its structure is complicated, different colors, very spectacular. When Uranus is slightly brighter than the brightest 6, etc., good eyesight were barely visible. In a large telescope, which show blue green.
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Encyclopedia
tianwangxing Uranus Uranus Uranus and its five satellite From Earth, Uranus perspective a very small diameter, that is, in large red (see the apparent motion of the planets) is only 4 □. This makes the determination of the value of Uranus's rotation has become very difficult, measurement error is large. Spectra were measured with the rotation period of Uranus is 24 ± 3 hours. The atmosphere there is a thick atmosphere of Uranus. In the telescope, Uranus is a blue-green round face. On high-altitude balloons with diameter of 90 cm telescope that looks high-resolution photos, Uranus surface in addition to a strong, symmetrical limb darkening phenomenon outside, no other morphological characteristics. This shows that Uranus are everywhere covered with thick clouds. Back in 1869, Sage with a visual spectrometer observations of Uranus and found a strong absorption band until 1932, Wilt was prove that it is methane absorption band. 1949, Kuiper 8270 angstroms in the spectrum of Uranus was discovered near a diffuse absorption band, which is the hydrogen molecule with. Until the end of 1978, in Uranus, only these two molecules was confirmed. According to theory, inference, Uranus should exist on a large number of ammonia molecules and water molecules, it is estimated there may be a considerable number of helium and neon, but still were not found. This may be two reasons: First, these elements are strong absorption bands of methane absorption bands masked; Second, Uranus on the cold, they may be "snow" of the gas in the atmosphere within the deeper layer, the spectrum can not be detected. Internal structure has not yet established a good model of the internal structure of Uranus, far enough to satisfactorily explain the observed fact: the radius, density, flat rate, and so on. There is a structural model that Uranus: Uranus's core