Also known as Panda. "MAMMALIA, Giant Branch. Form may bear the first round like the cat more, hence the name. In addition to the eye, ears, limbs and shoulders are black, the rest are white. Hi, solitary, good climb tree, eat bamboo. are only distributed in western and northern Sichuan, southern Gansu, Shaanxi, south-west. for the protection of animals at the national level.
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dà xióng māo
My specialty as a mammal. 1.5 m in length, the shape of bears and the slightly smaller, the tail short. Before the hind legs, ears, eyes, shoulders, dark brown, head and chest, belly and back to white. Living in high mountain areas in southwest China, eating bamboo. Is a precious animal. Also known as Panda, pandas, giant panda
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珍贵动物
Precious animals endemic to China, also known as giant panda, panda, panda. Mammals, four feet to five feet in length, shaped like a bear, short tail, head, chest, abdomen, back, buttocks white, limbs, ears, eyes were dark brown, thick hair and thick, of cold. Living in the mountains of southwest China, eating bamboo leaves, bamboo shoots.
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Name
Scientific name: ailuiopodidae melanoleuca Aliases: Flower Bear, China bear, bamboo bear, flower bears, silver dog, large raccoons, Mindanao song, Du hole Ga, executive Yi, silent, Meng Bao, Meng's animal, tapir, food iron animals, pandas, giant panda, panda , brave, polar bear English name: giant panda
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Categories
Carnivores (carnivora) bear family (ursidae) panda subfamily (ailurinae) Taxonomic status of giant pandas has been more controversial, is the ancestor of the giant panda bears evolved to be the beginning of the panda. Now it is widely accepted internationally as the bear family, the subfamily classification of giant pandas, is also gradually gained national recognition. Separate country for the traditional classification of giant panda panda Section.
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Endangerment
cites: Appendix i iucn: Endangered Level of state protection: a China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals level: Endangered
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Shape features
Stout body like panda bears, but the first round tail short, black coat and white head and body clear. Body length 120 to 180 cm, tail length of 10 to 20 cm, white, weight 60 to 110 kg. The first round and large, the former charge in addition to five clawed toes, there is a sixth toe. Trunk and tail white, ears, eyes, limbs and scapular all black, abdomen light brown or dark gray.
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Distribution
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwest China giant pandas living in the eastern edge of the temperate forest, where bamboo is the main understory plants. The transition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China's Yangtze River valley area of the mountain, including the Qinling, Minshan, Qionglai mountains, size relative to other mountain ridge and the size of the Liangshan. Distributed in the south of the Qinling Mountains, the county is mainly Foping, the general distribution of Yangxian County is only a small amount of the distribution of Taibai County, Ningshan, weeks and so on. In addition to Minshan system for the general distribution of Gansu Province, the rest are distributed in Sichuan. Mainly distributed in Sichuan's Pingwu County, Green River and North River and other three counties, the general distribution of a Jiuzhaigou County, Songpan, Maoxian counties, a small amount of the distribution of County County, Mianzhu, Pengzhou, Shifang and Dujiangyan. The main distribution Qionglai Mountains Baoxing County, Wenchuan, and Tianquan such, the general distribution of Lushan County, Dayi, and only a small amount of the distribution of Qionglai County, Chongzhou, Kangding, Luding and so on. In addition to the size of the phase Ridge Mianning Hongya and outside the county for general distribution, only a small amount of the distribution of the County Yingjing, asbestos, Chinese sources, Kowloon and so on. In addition to the size of Liangshan Ma edges, and the more Western Meigu a certain number, but only a small amount of the distribution of the counties have ganluo, Ebian and Leibo and so on. Currently the number of giant pandas in the wild in the end? This is a difficult question to answer. Living in the dense bamboo forests on steep slopes of high mountains, the giant panda's statistics as a very hard work. In the seventies and eighties there have been two surveys, it is estimated about 1,000 giant pandas in the wild, this figure may be low. Panda distribution area, there were 37 counties, if at the main production division of general and a small amount of three, the main producing counties of about 100 or so for each county, a total of 7 counties; the general produced about 50 per county County for more than 11 counties; less often in each county the county producing 50 below, include 19 counties. Accordingly projections, total number of wild giant panda is only about one thousand, the number of about 100 in captivity. The net reproductive rate was 1.0672 pandas, population growth. According to the State Forestry Administration 2006 survey, 1,596 wild giant pandas across the country, the number of 161 captive. The giant panda is the most rare and Bear Branch family, but also by one of the biggest threats to survival of mammals. The eighties of the 20th century survey of the habitat area of about 13,000 square kilometers. According to the State Forestry Administration 2005 survey, has now been confirmed that the giant pandas in Qinling giant panda population identified as a new subspecies. Giant Pandas in the Qinling giant panda and Sichuan have been geographically separated 5 million years, the shape of giant panda head than round. Currently the number of giant panda has 273. In the Qinling Mountains, in black and white over brown giant panda was found.
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Environment
Yangtze River Giant Panda habitat in the mountain valleys of the mountain, for the windward side of the southeast monsoon, the climate cool and wet, the humidity is often above 80%, so they are a hi wet animals. Areas of their activities more in Au ditch, hillside depressions, valley terraces, are generally below 20 ° slope in the terrain. Where soil hypertrophy, lush forests, bamboo grows well, constitute a relatively stable temperature, cover in good condition, food resources and water quality are very rich food base.
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Habits
In addition to estrus period, often live solitary lives, and the line day and night. Home range area of 3.9-6.4km2 variable, home range overlap between individual phenomena, slightly larger than the male's home range of female body. Most of the time only female activity in the nuclear area of 30-40 hectares, females do not overlap between the nuclear domain. Food is mainly alpine, subalpine about 50 species of bamboo, even eat other plants or even animal carcasses. Daily food consumption of a great day, but also to the spring or stream water. Wild panda sex ratio is about 1:1.
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To risk factors
1, deforestation. Giant panda habitat area of the annual harvest at least 1 million hectares. Their habitat to about 2.5 square kilometers per year at the rate of disappearance (kleiman et al, 1991). Nearly 30 years, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan provinces doubled the population distribution of giant pandas has reached 43 million people, a large forestry enterprises from 1950-1985 a total of 27 years (not including county logging field), logging of forests verification area of over 420,000 hectares, the average annual logging area of over 20,000 hectares, resulting in habitat from the early 70s 31,450 square kilometers, after 15 years, has dropped to 13,921.52 square kilometers, an area of 17,528.48 square feet to reduce thousands of meters, accounting for 56% of the original habitat, and caused six pandas disappeared cutting area, cutting area 10 is only a few remnants of the panda, the sharp decline in population; 3 In recent years, smuggling and poaching giant panda hides specimens still occur; 4, the giant panda population distribution in more than 25 isolated island habitats. The size of isolated habitat area of 205 square kilometers (30-2384km range), most of them (67%) of the area less than 350km2. This population is isolated and separated populations of long-term threat to an important factor in their small groups the phenomenon of inbreeding depression will reduce fecundity, larval survival rate and disease resistance. The ultimate "island" members will disappear. According to Pan, etc. on the Qinling panda population genetic analysis, where more than 200 giant pandas, to form a breeding population of about 90, the generation rate of decrease of heterozygosity was 0.54%, after 140 years after 12 generations, each members will have 1 / 8 of the same gene, the equivalent of table (Church) brother and sister relationship; 5, expanded due to human activities, giant pandas were forced to retreat in the Peak, bamboo is very simple, one case of bamboo flowering, there will be no room for maneuver, only the bamboo flowering areas Minshan 1975, the death of 138 or more; 80 Qionglai Mountain large area of bamboo flowering cold, dead bodies after the disaster found that 108 giant pandas, 33 died, a total of 141; 6, in the giant panda habitat exists without government permission mineral development, pollution, and tree felling and hunting are also miners threats.
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History of species
The giant panda is a black and white coat color with a unique and lively animals. Its Latin name: ailuropodamelanoleuca, refers to its black and white appearance. Species of giant pandas is a controversial issue for a century: it actually belongs to the bear family, or as close as the red panda raccoon family, or self-contained species? Recent dna analysis showed that the giant panda belongs to the bear family, represents an early branch of the bear family. Adult panda is about 120-190 cm, weight 85-125 kg. Unique features include: large, flat molars, it has developed into a wrist "false thumb" which are designed to adapt to the bamboo-eating life. And the other six different bears, pandas and sun bears are not hibernating behavior. Fossils show that giant panda ancestor 2-3 million years ago in the early flood record. Giant panda habitat in China had covered most of eastern and southern regions, north Beijing, south of Myanmar in the southern and northern Vietnam (Schaller, 1993). Fossils are usually at an altitude of 500-700 meters found in temperate and subtropical forests. Tremendous changes in giant panda habitat recent times occurred. China's rapid population growth in recent years and the occupation of land, a lot of habitat disappeared. Previously, pandas used to live in the low mountain valley, has become _set_tlements. Giant Pandas live in bamboo can be grown only in the altitude of 1200-3400 meters.
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Food features
Panda diet is very special, almost including the mountain areas can be found in a variety of bamboo, the panda meat occasionally (usually an animal's body.) Food giant panda's unique features make it to be known as the "bamboo bear." Bamboo lack of nutrition, can only provide basic nutrition necessary for survival, the panda and gradually evolved to adapt to the characteristics of this recipe. In the wild, in addition to sleep or short-range activities, giant panda feeding time each day for up to 14 hours. A giant panda eating 12-38 kilograms of food per day, nearly 40% of their body weight. Bamboo pandas like to eat the most nutritious, containing at least part of the cellulose, which stems, buds, and bamboo shoots. Panda habitat usually have at least two kinds of bamboo. When a death of bamboo flowering (30-120 per bamboo flowering in periodically death), the panda bamboo can turn feeding the other. However, continued habitat fragmentation of habitat in the state increased by only one bamboo may be, when the death of this bamboo, the pandas in the region will face starvation.
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And social behavior of captive
"Breeding difficulties" was described as the headline status of the giant panda breeding. However, studies have shown that although the wild giant pandas live longer in captivity, but wild breeding success higher. In the wild, both female and male adults are involved in panda breeding. Even females can and a few male mating competition, while a male will look different in estrus females. Mating season, three to five months in the spring, usually no more than 2-4 days. Gestation period is about 5 months. Occasional twin field situation, but generally only to feed a female panda cub. Captive population, the twin situation more. Before giving birth, females look for an empty tree roots and caves production. It is in this shelter to stay in and around three months, with its large hands and carefully take care of pups. Giant panda cub born very small, usually only 100-200 grams, only about a mother bear weight of 1 / 900. Giant panda cub born in a few days to a month later, the mother panda cubs will stay in the cave alone, or a hollow tree foraging. Mother animal will sometimes leave 2 days or more. This does not mean it away cubs, but the process of raising cubs are part of nature. In the 12 months or so pups begin to eat bamboo, but before they fully dependent on the mother. Captive wild infant mortality is lower than about 40% (Pan, etc., are published). In the Qinling region's long-term studies have shown that the reproductive rate of giant pandas is about 0.654 cubs / Cixing / year, with some natural populations of brown bears in North America Leisi Giant pandas are solitary creatures, each adult in the nest domain specific, individual male home range is usually quite large, almost 30 square kilometers, more than females in general and home range overlap. When the home range of male pandas in the same meet, such as around estrus in the female panda, a clear hierarchy between them, will lead to even fight for the fight. The dominant male and female mating individuals have priority, but there are still opportunities for other males. Females sexually mature at 3-4 years of age, male 5 years old. Young males in the lower position in the hierarchy, to 7-8 years of age have a chance to mate. Females aged from 4 to 20 years old, usually once every 2-3 annual earners. Although the only giant panda mother of the family structure there is only less than a year and a half of the pups animal and between the giant panda will be by voice and smell between the regular exchange of, if not in estrus. Panda cubs weaned in about one year old and has been to the year and a half or so of my stay until the mother was pregnant again. If the mother animal is not pregnant, live pups and the mother to two and a half, when his mother it off. After independence, most of the pups in the mother living nearby, while others, especially females, will be far from the birthplace of life. The behavior of giant pandas still need further study. Captive giant pandas can live 30 years or longer, but the life span of wild giant pandas usually only about 20 years.
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Dangerous times
Forest silence, mountain Diqi. Stubborn man were all in tears. A bitter tears together numbers and the swallow - 138 Forest morgue pandas! Investigation team of veterinary anatomy expert of housing 13 pandas continuous body, all of them empty stomach, intestines and transparent shine, we can see to what extent their hunger. At the same time, continue to be sick all over the Chengdu Zoo sent to rescue the hungry pandas, and reached up to forty only. At that time, Chengdu Zoo, moved into the Buddhist temple just Baihua Tan Zhaojue Si, all is not straightened out, the panda's cage pressed against the Bear Mountain, pressed against gorilla museum, and even pressed against the hall, packed Bodhisattvas not shelter. Not a panda is not skin and bones, and some strength too weak to chew food are gone. Health is not a panda roundworm body does not have a panda body as much more than 3,000 worms! Love and sense of mission several times over the death struggle of giant pandas, Chengdu Zoo panda to ninety percent were rescued. The summer of 1983, disaster struck again, Minshan and alpine mountain ranges Qionglai large bamboo flowering wilted, more than 500 giant pandas again catastrophe. The difference is that a few years ago, China ended the "Cultural Revolution", the country door opened, the panda hit the news soon spread all over the world. There is a soulful song about the bamboo flowering, Panda Mimi hungry, aroused the sympathy of many people. Grand fund-raising activities, the rapid heat over the world. Chengdu Giant Panda Zoo once again become the medical and rescue center. Xin zoo recalls the old master any light, day and night to rescue our sick hungry pandas. One sent from the days of the county was later named as "all full" of the giant panda, because feeding from gaoya fell off the scalp split, every eleven pin, thanks to give it a spoonful spoon fed life-sustaining liquid. Later, it was finally able to move, and can stand, and can walk and become close with people most like the panda, it is the kindness of the human mind. However, due to the ecological environment of the wild has not been restored, rehabilitation of the giant pandas can not be released into the forest. Thus, ex situ conservation of strategic thinking began to take shape. The so-called ex situ conservation, there is a world-famous success story - the elk nineteenth century "in exile" British, ex situ conservation as well, actually in the bombing of German Machine and descended the turmoil of World War II. To the eighties of last century, China has long been extinct in the wild elk back to the homeland from the United Kingdom. 1986 Spring Festival, Lantern Festival in Chengdu Cultural Palace in the office. Chengdu Garden Bureau has served as Secretary Zhang homes, and the Ministry of Construction Zheng Shuling Director, Provincial Director of Forestry Department of Hu Tieqing others quiet, octagonal meet to discuss the establishment of a "base." Has two lamps lit in the hearts of everyone: First, it's location, not only "farms", but should be to explore the mysteries of giant panda research institutions, popularization of scientific knowledge to the masses of large classes; Second, it was built in Chengdu Not only are "Chengdu Bureau of Parks", but also belong to China. Finally, we finalized the name of the future known in the world: Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base.
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Giant Panda's natural enemy
Although the giant panda madding crowd, but in its habitat area, there are some animals with their enemies, such as the golden cat, leopard, jackals, wolves, yellow throated marten, etc., but they are mainly the young giant panda attack Tsai and sick elderly, because the young giant pandas still lose Tizhuang ferocious carnivorous ancestors, encountered strong not weak, so that predators intimidating. Zoo's giant panda once seemingly docile cuddly looks exasperated, but also wounding incident. Jackals: The main attack or sick elderly individuals juvenile giant pandas. Hunting trick is to climb up the back, dig the eye, after grasping the bowel out of the anus, it said, "dig a dog"; Leopard: Giant Panda attacks boy sick individuals and the elderly; Golden Cat: panda cubs often attacked. From the giant panda birth, growth point of view, giant pandas are gradually decline, very vulnerable population, the malignant external conditions have to be very sensitive to population decline, leading to extinction.
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Artificial breeding giant pandas
Back in the early eighties, some experts have asserted that the Beijing Zoo, in artificial conditions, breeding pandas is difficult! Hard! Hard! Three difficult words, means: fertilization difficult, difficult pregnancy, child-care difficult. 1990, is the base address "child-care is difficult," the breakthrough of the year. From the field to rescue dozens of giant pandas in Chengdu after rehabilitation, reintroduction were sent to their original habitat, in part transferred to Beijing, Shanghai and Fuzhou Zoo, Chengdu Zoo, 6 left, a "base" Panda "ancestors." Li Guanghan said the old director, before 1990, only 33% survival rate of artificial breeding. The main reason is the mother panda gave birth to twins, the usually only keep one, to discard one. There is a lack of experience of individual panda mothers do not bring babies. Panda twins to raise a good mother, so that mothers can experience lack of milk when the baby's "wet nurse" is to improve the survival rate, breakthrough "child-care difficult" key. At that time, the authority of the more popular theory is that education should be absolutely quiet baby panda, who must not to disturb it. Zoo black bear, brown bear cubs born after the mother, nursing earners of the particularly strong. Acquainted with their keepers deliver food but also stay away, even piles of manure, stink to high heaven can not close it. If it be frightened, even smell that smell, they panicked and immediately killed cubs. Red Panda mother in a similar tragedy occurred after childbirth. Panda bears and red pandas will not like, as has happened to killed a cub? This is the giant panda behavioral research on the blind spot. September 14, 1963, the first giant panda in captivity was born in Beijing Zoo. At that time, HE Guang Xin staff as the Beijing Zoo, the value of the two months of night shift. He recalls that the environment is absolutely quiet, except for individual feeding of the breeder, no person shall close panda mother and son. Really than wait, "Long live the Lord" is also careful a hundred times. However, black bears and red pandas and giant pandas, after all, not the same, it should have its own "behavior." Panda mother's behavior is not clear rules, you can not improve the survival rate of pups. Panda mother boldly close to discarding the cubs Shiqu artificial feeding, but also lead to two problems: First, how much child-care to maintain the temperature boxes? Second, what to feed it milk? They follow the artificial feeding tigers, lion cubs experience, crude, screw a wooden box, wooden box hanging on the light bulbs, keeping the temperature around 30 degrees Celsius, the results of pups not cold, two or three days to be frozen to death the. In 1988, Mei Mei gave birth to twins. Breeder left red, Zhouyong Zhen, Xu Guirong etc., with a small towel to wrap their young, close to the chest, take turns using the body warm baby, good results. Later, the veterinary Zhongshun Long panda mother trying to embrace the measured temperature - 36 to 37 degrees Celsius. Later, with automatic feeding box, which became the "classic temperature." As for what to feed milk to the giant pandas is even more pains! Milk, goat milk all tried, and finally try to employing milk. Base had sent to the hospital delivery room to fight human milk. Chen Xiuqing women had just given birth, milk enough in the delivery room next door to Panda Security has a bed, a voluntary out of their own milk to feed the baby panda. This, and foreign experts gave its deeply moved: This is the human mind opened to the giant panda cub, demonstrating the great maternal love! However, human milk can not extend the life of the panda cubs. After analysis, the primary need to eat their young mother's colostrum. That colostrum, like the green juice in water, but includes the rich man can not synthesize antibodies. Pandas only eat baby colostrum only hope of survival. This means that, to try to steal the newborn pups B, so give the arms of her mother panda cub on a feeding colostrum, and then try to steal a for B, so the twins can take turns to eat colostrum. Too risky! In 1989, breeder and veterinary Zhongshun Long have tried, the urine will be coated Mei Mei Mei Mei's cubs into the arms when the United States and the United States suddenly angry, were trampled to death by a killed a cub. This is not another breach of the "authority" to _set_ the iron rule? In 1990, Qing Qing gave birth to twins. Rejoicing, so that any light Xin, Li Guanghan two officers difficult, so technical director Songyun Fang, Ye Zhiyong worry - how to do? Last year, paid a painful price for two cubs died this year, dare to try it? To study the discussions go, there is only one road, not risk, never move forward. Secretary Zhang homes away on mission support, try again. Really nervous people gasped. Breeder handed the pot of sweet milk, Qing Qing front cover of its line of sight, watching the milk in its basin, to a new Aberdeen to steal it. Qing Qing did not even notice. Chai was taken to a warm newborn nursery box. Qing Qing and other arms of the new Aberdeen to feed, and then take advantage of the time of delivery of food facilities "switching into account." Breeder may be too nervous, maybe Qing Qing suddenly become aware of, the breeder not too close to the Qing Qing, the students painted Qing Qing urine Aberdeen on the ground. Aberdeen students did not like a little rat hair, cried on the floor squeak, crawling around, causing Qing Qing's attention. It did not understand, just still in the arms of the doll, how could a decumbent. At this time, observed all the people outside the heart are mentioned on the throats. Qing Qing got up and walked over, sniffed the ground floor of the dolls, pink tongue licked out and then gently put it Diao up. Success! Aberdeen eat two freshmen on the colostrum. They are repeatedly reversed, turn breast-fed and artificial milk, looks very robust. For the first time only two ml (only two drops!) Of the precious colostrum, the achievements of a panda's life. Panda does not like the black bear, brown bear and red panda protection as Aberdeen. The new findings on the behavior, and promote the giant panda in captivity a major breakthrough in the history! In 1992, the results of training panda twins, Sichuan Science and Technology Commission by the identification of the major achievements, has been named the Sichuan Science and Technology Progress Award, National Science and Technology Progress Award, the Ministry of Construction Science and Technology Achievement Award. Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding Technology pioneered the twins nursery, and soon made public, is widely used. Base is also sent to Shanghai, Fuzhou, Chongqing and other places of the zoo to help them solve the "child-care difficult" problems. Today, the panda twins parenting is not a problem. "Hero Mama" Qing Qing gave birth to not only raise their twins, you can help other sisters, feeding their young, a good three, four pups nurse. Yaya when the number of the most capable, in addition to the twins born to their feeding, but also help the less likely when the mother of Shu-Lan, Romance and the Pride Hey baby, do the "delayed five."
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We work together to help pandas
Ax everyone to help giant pandas and mountain forests of lush bamboo forest, with the Chengdu Area to form a "micro-climate." In the panda base, has formed a suitable talent growing "micro-climate." In the 21st century, groups of highly educated top-notch talent, and constantly enrich the panda base in science and technology team. Zhang homes, said a number of our graduates sixties, over sixties, knowledge of aging, should make way for the younger generation, to cause to new heights. I am most pleased to Zhang and represented by a bunch of young people, a base pillar. They are grounded, well-informed and practice, forge ahead, much stronger than we! Wu Xianzhi biology teacher, good at making specimens, but also promote good science, is "digging" to do the curators, butterfly expert Zhao, both man and butterflies, tune into the base together, run from the Butterfly Pavilion. Base to build the beginning, the leaders made clear: a laboratory, a museum, must not be less. No high-level laboratory, the base to just feed the captive panda field, can not solve any real problems; any museums, the base to just watch the place, many viewers will never know the why. So research, science, as a pair of wings off base. Into the laboratory, into the delivery room, into the museum, could be seen everywhere pressing youth generation is play the leading role. Hou Rong, Chen Fujun, HUANG Xiangming, Blue King Chao, Cheng-Dong Wang, Wang Shan, are in charge of various technical departments. Their names continue to appear in the base of the honor roll, and also appeared in high levels of academic journals. Continuous stay up late, energetic, to deal with problems, solid effort. 51 grams of ultra-small cub panda breeding success; overseas to help the Atlanta Zoo, "Lun Lun" calving success - youth, continue to create a miracle. And the United States, Britain, Japan, Spain's many international cooperation projects, both the glorious task is enormous pressure - youth, the responsibility on his shoulders. Recently, the State Key Laboratory of the project is started. Countries to _set_ priorities for scientific research in panda ax mountain spotted panda base is nothing more than this knife, "ax" - only the youth arm to swing, "ax", despite dangers and difficulties. Young people eager to make contributions to a cause, this cause will be booming! Chengdu Panda Base, is not only a panda, a talent, but also the experience of the theory. Two decades, the base 59 achievements in scientific research, published over 300 articles published in academic monographs 19. Should carefully written, in letters of the two monographs, erected as a milestone in the biological sciences giant panda. One is the Cambridge University Press, British zoologist Dai Wei Zhang led housing and compiled the "Giant Panda: Biology, Veterinary Science and Management", the book signing in 1997, lasted 10 years, the Festival of Chinese and foreign Experts 90 papers, including 16 from the base of the Chengdu Giant Panda. Publishing a scientific, by Zhang and Wei Fuwen compiled the "Theory and Practice of ex situ conservation of giant pandas." Fellow of the famous biologist Zhao spoke highly of the book Mi: "The system reflects the ex situ conservation aspects of giant panda research, theoretical and practical introduction of new technology, not only has theoretical significance, but also both a practical guide." As nearly eighty percent of wild giant pandas live in Sichuan Province, Chengdu Panda Base in the success of the significance of the protection of giant pandas is self-evident, for ex situ conservation of other endangered species, provided a successful example. When we count two decades of achievements, the more yearning of the base's future. In the "Chinese Dictionary", is this interpretation the "base" means: base, as the basis for a career areas. Two decades, the Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base of Giant Panda has laid the basis for ex situ conservation. Foundation, the foundation only high-rise, aircraft runway, the opening poem, symphony overtures. More spectacular and more brilliant picture is slowly spreading - Base will be expanded to three acres, in the northern outskirts of the vast forest land to build a small town will "Panda Town "······ When the artificial cultivation of the population to expand to a certain amount, it will start the wild and reintroduction plan for the rejuvenation of the giant panda population into the great vitality, and ultimately allow the family to thrive panda Look, we save the giant panda, is in fact saved. Chengdu, Zhuhai, when the whole surrounded by forests, is imbued with Huaxiangniaoyu was gurgling water nourishes and was caressing the bright sun, we can proudly say: how good Oh, this is the common homeland of people and pandas.
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Some of the problems on the giant panda
1. Pandas hibernate it? Do not hibernate.. 2. Pandas cold or heat intolerance? Hot panda fear, afraid of cold. 3. Pandas will be climbing the tree? Will, they are climbing expert. 4. Panda swim? Panda can wade swim. 5. Pandas how the hearing and smell? Giant Panda's hearing and sense of smell. 6. Pandas visual how? Pandas live in mountain forests among the long-term, they are the natural myopia, poor vision. 7. Panda meat? The ancestors of giant pandas are carnivores, so far they still retain some characteristics of their ancestors. When the conditions, they still have to eat meat.
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Panda Category
Giant panda is Door Phylum Chordata chordates Vertebrate subphylum Vertebrata Mammalia Mammals Carnivora Carnivora Dog-type suborder Caniformia Of the bear family Ursidae Panda subfamily Ailuropodinae Giant Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca The giant panda is a black and white coat color with a unique and lively animals. Its Latin name: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, means that it looks black and white. Species of giant pandas is a controversy of a century, recent DNA analysis shows that now it is widely accepted internationally as the bear family, the subfamily classification of giant pandas, is also gradually gained national recognition. Separate country for the traditional classification of giant panda panda Section. It represents an early branch of the bear family. Adult panda is about 120 ~ 190 cm, weight 85-125 kg. Unique features include: large, flat molars, it has developed into a wrist "false thumb" which are designed to adapt to the bamboo-eating life. And the other six different bears, pandas and sun bears are not hibernating behavior. The beginning of the ancestors of giant panda panda (Ailuaractos lufengensis), which is a by the bears have evolved to be the first meat-based panda. The beginning of the panda's main branch in the central and southern China, continue to evolve, one of which dated to the early Pleistocene about 300 million years the emergence of a small panda shape than it is now, it has been inferred from the teeth and eating bamboos evolved into omnivorous animal, since the main branch extended to the sub-tropical, widely distributed in north, northwest, east, southwest and South China and northern Vietnam and Myanmar have been found fossil. In this process, the giant panda adapted to the subtropical bamboo forest life, gradually increasing size, dependent on bamboo. In the 50-70 million years ago in the Pleistocene, the heyday of late is the giant panda. Molar panda now developed, in addition to toe claws but also have a "thumb." This "thumb" is actually a specialized form a wrist, the scientific name is called "radial sesamoid", mainly from the role of holding the bamboo. Qinling panda has been identified as a subspecies of giant panda.
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Shape features
Panda bears like stout body, naive, but the first round tail short. The vast majority of head and body black and white clear coat, that snout nose, eye socket (was "eight" the word order), ears, limbs and scapular (shoulder linked into rings across the zone) is black, the rest of the head and neck, trunk and tail is white. Abdomen light brown or dark gray. Body length 120 ~ 180cm; tail length 10 ~ 20cm, white; shoulder height is generally 65 ~ 70cm; weight 60 ~ 125kg. Forefoot in addition to five clawed toes, there is a sixth toe. Thick and dense hair back, abdomen and long capillary. Foping Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Qinling Mountains found a total of four white giant panda. According to Shanxi People's Publishing House "series of contemporary events to Shaanxi (1948-1990)" 725 _set_, the first slope in the Qinling giant panda Foping Nature Reserve found that the time was a white November 15, 1990. Giant bird body height 0.7 meters, in addition to eye socket, the lower limbs, but from the ears, shoulders to the chest, both white, called the "treasure in the treasure." Thereafter in 1991, 1992, and have found two. The last time a few years ago. Description, whether brown or white bear, rare indeed for the world. They found that breaking the panda research in the history of "monomorphic" (ie, black and white coat color) to say, is of great scientific significance. Thus, the giant pandas are known to coat a total of three types: black and white, brown and white, white. Shaanxi Qinling giant pandas living in the head more rounded and more like a result of the cat, known as David in "beauty."
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Habits
In addition to estrus period, often live solitary lives, and the line day and night. Home range area of 3.9 to 6.4 square kilometers variable, home range overlap between individual phenomena, slightly larger than the male's home range of female body. Female activities in most of the time only 30 to 40 hectares of the nuclear domain, females do not overlap between the nuclear domain. Food is mainly alpine, sub-alpine 50 species on bamboo, even eat other plants or even animal carcasses. Daily food consumption of a great day, but also to the spring or stream water.
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Environment
Giant panda habitat in the Yangtze River valley of the mountain ranges of the mountains, for the windward side of the southeast monsoon, the climate cool and wet, the humidity is often above 80%, so they are a hi wet animals. Areas of their activities more in Au ditch, hillside depressions, valley terraces, are generally below 20 ° slope in the terrain. Where soil hypertrophy, lush forests, bamboo grows well, constitute a relatively stable temperature, cover in good condition, food resources and water quality are very rich food base. Living in the 2,400 ~ 3,500 meters high mountain bamboo forests. Their living environment is very humid, the temperature difference is relatively large.
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Distribution
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwest China giant pandas living in the eastern edge of the temperate forest, where bamboo is the main understory plants. The transition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China's Yangtze River valley area of the mountain, including the Qinling, Minshan, Qionglai mountains, size relative to other mountain ridge and the size of the Liangshan. Distributed in the south of the Qinling Mountains, the county is mainly Foping, the general distribution of Yangxian County is only a small amount of the distribution of Taibai County, Ningshan, weeks and so on. In addition to Minshan system for the general distribution of Gansu Province, the rest are distributed in Sichuan. Mainly distributed in Sichuan's Pingwu County, Green River and North River and other three counties, the general distribution of a Jiuzhaigou County, Songpan, Maoxian counties, a small amount of the distribution of County County, Mianzhu, Pengzhou, Shifang and Dujiangyan. The main distribution Qionglai Mountains Baoxing County, Wenchuan, and Tianquan such, the general distribution of Lushan County, Dayi, and only a small amount of the distribution of Qionglai County, Chongzhou, Kangding, Luding and so on. In addition to the size of the phase Ridge Mianning Hongya and outside the county for general distribution, only a small amount of the distribution of the County Yingjing, asbestos, Chinese sources, Kowloon and so on. In addition to the size of Liangshan Ma edges, and the more Western Meigu a certain number, but only a small amount of the distribution of the counties have ganluo, Ebian and Leibo and so on. Currently the number of giant pandas in the wild in the end? This is a difficult question to answer. Living in the dense bamboo forests on steep slopes of high mountains, the giant panda's statistics as a very hard work. In the seventies and eighties there have been two surveys, it is estimated about 1,000 giant pandas in the wild, this figure may be low. Panda distribution area, there were 37 counties, if at the main production division of general and a small amount of three, the main producing counties of about 100 or so for each county, a total of 7 counties; the general produced about 50 per county County for more than 11 counties; less often in each county the county producing 50 below, include 19 counties. Accordingly projections, total number of wild giant panda is only about one thousand, the number of about 100 in captivity. The net reproductive rate of giant pandas 1.06740002, population growth. According to the State Forestry Administration 2006 survey, 1,596 wild giant pandas across the country, the number of 161 captive. The giant panda is the most rare and Bear Branch family, but also by one of the biggest threats to survival of mammals. The eighties of the 20th century survey of the habitat area of about 13,000 square kilometers. According to the State Forestry Administration 2005 survey, has now been confirmed that the giant pandas in Qinling giant panda population identified as a new subspecies. Giant Pandas in the Qinling giant panda and Sichuan have been geographically separated 5 million years, the shape of giant panda head than round. Currently the number of giant panda has 273. In the Qinling Mountains, in black and white over brown giant panda was found.
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Panda Natural Enemies
Although the giant panda madding crowd, but in its habitat area, there are some animals with their enemies, such as the golden cat, leopard, jackals, wolves, yellow throated marten, etc., but they are mainly the young giant panda attack Tsai and infirm old persons. Jackals: The main attack or sick elderly individuals juvenile giant pandas. Hunting trick is to climb up the back, dig the eye, after grasping the bowel out of the anus, it said, "dig a dog"; Golden Cat: panda cubs often attacked.
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To risk factors
1, deforestation. Giant panda habitat area of the annual harvest at least 1 million hectares. Their habitat to about 2.5 square kilometers per year at the rate of disappearance (Kleiman et al, 1991 years). Nearly 30 years, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan provinces doubled the population distribution of giant pandas has reached 43 million people, a large forestry enterprises from 1950 to 1985, a total of 27 (not including county logging field), logging of forests verification area of over 420,000 hectares, the average annual logging area of over 20,000 hectares, resulting in habitat from the early 70's 31,450 square kilometers, after 15 years, has dropped to 13,921.52 square kilometers, reducing an area of 17,528.48 square km, accounting for 56% of the original habitat, and caused six pandas disappeared cutting area, cutting area 10 is only a few remnants of the panda, the sharp decline in population; 3 In recent years, poaching, smuggling pandas still occur hides specimens; 4, the giant panda population distribution in more than 25 isolated island habitats. The size of isolated habitat area of 205 square kilometers (30 ~ 2384km range), most of them (67%) of the area less than 350 square kilometers. This population is isolated and separated populations of long-term threat to an important factor in their small groups, the phenomenon of inbreeding depression will be reduced fecundity, larval survival rate and disease resistance. The ultimate "island" members will disappear. According to Pan and so on Qinling panda population genetic analysis, where more than 200 giant pandas, to form a breeding population of about 90, the generation rate of decrease of heterozygosity was 0.54%, after 140 years after 12 generations, each members will have 1 / 8 of the same gene, the equivalent of table (Church) brother and sister relationship; 5, expanded due to human activities, giant pandas were forced to retreat in the Peak, bamboo is very simple, one case of bamboo flowering, there will be no room for maneuver, only the bamboo flowering areas Minshan 1975, the death of 138 or more; 80 Qionglai Mountain large area of bamboo flowering cold, dead bodies after the disaster found that 108 giant pandas, 33 died, a total of 141; 6, in the giant panda habitat exists without government permission mineral development, pollution, and tree felling and hunting are also miners threats. 7, the net reproductive rate of 1.06740002 giant panda, lives only a couple of generations, usually only reproduce once every two years, the one-child only two small panda students, and all of the female panda no energy to feed them. 8, their natural enemies attack the giant panda cubs are mainly elderly and sick, because the young giant pandas still lose Tizhuang ferocious carnivorous ancestors, encountered strong not weak, so intimidating predators.
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Endangerment
CITES: Appendix I IUCN: Endangered Level of state protection: a China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals level: Endangered China's national treasure animals
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Gene
October 11, 2008, Beijing Genomics Institute Shenzhen, announced the world's first giant panda genome map drawn to complete. Scientists say it will protect and artificial breeding of this is called "national treasure" in a new way to endangered species, and other advancing scientific research for the giant panda. March 2008, initiated by Chinese scientists, Canada, UK, USA, Denmark and other countries involved scientists from the international "panda genome research" project started, to draw panda genome sequence map is the first part of the project, Shenzhen Genomics Research Institute of the main tasks undertaken. Beijing Genomics Institute has independently developed a whole genome assembly software and self-built high-performance computer, which played a key role. Scientists _select_ed the giant panda, "Jingjing" in genome sequencing, "Jingjing" is the mascot of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, one of the prototype, has been living in the Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base. The study found that 21 giant panda pairs of chromosomes, similar to the human genome size of about 3 billion base pairs, including 2-3 million genes. Genome sequencing results support the giant pandas are bears a subfamily of view. Has been conducted with all the species comparative genome sequencing, the researchers also found that giant panda genome and the genome of the dog is closest in structure, and the people have a greater similarity between the large mammals and mice. Panda genome maps in, can help break from the genetic point of view why the panda breeding capacity of poor questions, so that the scientists the opportunity to help breed more pandas. Also participating in the study of Shenzhen University, Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, China Giant Panda Research Center, Fudan University, Hong Kong University. Implemented jointly with the Nankai University proteins function and structure of giant panda research program is also about to start. Remaining wild giant pandas in the world about 1600, mainly in the mountains around the Sichuan Province of China, known as the "living fossil." In addition, the end of 2007, the number of giant pandas in captivity in China reached 239.
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Panda found
The discovery of giant panda 1862 ~ 1874, French missionary David lived in China for a total of 12 years, during which only short-term return to France once. In addition to the large number of plant specimens he returned in France, and introduced many new species of plants in France and the European foreign countries, also found in China, 58 new species of birds, insects, more than 100 new species and new species of mammals, many important including mammals endemic to China giant panda, golden monkey and elk. David came to China in 1867, after the second, I heard a lot of animal species along the western Sichuan, and some are rare species not yet known people, begins with Shanghai reached Baoxing as Mu Tang Chi Ping East River Church of the fourth channel on behalf of the Father. To get this strange animal, David employ 20 to start searching for local hunters. March 23, hunters are only sent the first small "white bear", "Unfortunately, they're easy to carry, put it killed him." May 4, 1869, hunters have finally brought good news to David: to catch a "bamboo bear" and 6 "long tail monkey." After David's serious thought, he gave "Bamboo Bear" name "Black Bear", to the "long tail monkey," name "Snub-nosed monkey." Bird charmingly naive "black and white bear," hairy, black and white appearance, and a large head and round and funny much David loved the action. He weighed a while, one would figure the amount of this "black bear" to the locals had never seen a scientific observation. Paris, France, the National Museum will be on display later this animal skins, then who do not know, people see it from the skin that has a big round white face, eyes surrounded by deep twice spots, such as wearing a pair of sunglasses, so it was concluded that the world is no such animal, the animal fur is fake! It was strange but it is only a bear Bale. However, the museum director of the full study Miller, Edwards said: It is not a bear nor cat, but with China's Tibet similar to that of the lesser panda panda another large, they officially named it " Panda. " 1939, held in Chongqing, a flat out zoo animal specimens exhibition, which "panda" the most attractive specimens of the audience attention. It is the sign written by a popular international formats, respectively, indicate the Chinese and Latin. But then the Chinese habit of reading law is read from right to left, so all visitors to the "panda" read into "Panda" and, eventually, people are accustomed to the "giant panda" called into "giant panda." Taiwan, home to the newspaper wrote an article "Panda" name, but people have become accustomed to, but feel that "panda" not so difficult to talk about the. Since then, the "panda" is the modern name was born! David also became the first to the Western world about China's foreign Baoxing giant pandas. It is understood that Father David panda skin in 1870 will be returned to the National Museum in Paris, will also collect in the territory of the golden monkey Baoxing (locals call the "long tail monkey," or "long-tailed child" David to take name "Snub-nosed Monkey", naming Edwards, director of "Golden Monkey"), the Green Pheasant Tail Rainbow (Tony hen), red panda (Charlotte squatting), and the "living fossil plant" dove tree (mountain pears), also brought to the country in Paris, France Museum exhibition, the museum director Miller, Edwards are all doing the naming. An unfortunate woman fortunate David priest in 67 years after the giant panda, giant pandas were captured live by a tenacious dream has finally achieved the American woman. 1936, 35-year-old female fashion designer in New York exposed Siha Chris wedding, husband, Wei Lianha Chris is an avid explorer, married two weeks went to China in search of giant pandas. But William will not reach the areas panda died in Shanghai. Ruth and her husband accompanied the original request was considered to be cumbersome and her husband refused, and now she is determined to complete her husband's legacy, her husband died in April 1936 two months left for China. While Westerners have sought pandas than half a century, and know that it is rare and endangered animals, but until then, the Chinese understanding of the giant panda is also almost zero. Hunters can hunt any kind of "Bear", the Government has no protection regulations and measures. Ruth trouble is not that she captured the giant panda, but the procedures to enter the Chinese mainland incomplete and therefore can not leave. Finally, she boarded the approach taken bribes to the United States ship, she Su Lin mounted in a large wicker basket in the customs registration form write "pug carry a" will be mixed out of the customs. Super Star animals Ruth Ruth and Su Lin Su Lin is also with the Pacific voyage, transatlantic telegraph had spread the message the United States. When the ship docked in San Francisco pier, it was the day before Christmas and surprised the Americans in the dock held a grand welcoming ceremony, they arranged for the valuable guests the most luxurious suite, held a grand welcoming party. Su Lin was sent to be displayed in many major cities, caused a sensation wherever they went. Has been to China in search of pandas son of Theodore Roosevelt to see Su Lin, the very emotional and said, "If this little guy under the gun as my souvenir, I would prefer to replace my son." After fierce competition, the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago was Su Lin. People flock here, as the tide-like, up to 4 million people a day, exceeding the record of the zoo. Su Lin's every move as the newspaper press, business people are scrambling to working towards giant image of the product, fashionable woman wearing swimsuit patterns giant panda through the streets, or even a cocktail but also the name of the giant panda. The story of Ruth and Su Lin became a bestseller, and onto the screen. Unfortunately, Su Lin live for a year, is stuffed permanent display. Su Lin the emergence of the giant panda from the museum into the public, she not only rare, but in particular lovely, for a time became the world's animal stars. The Western powers race to capture the giant panda in China, from 1936 to 1941, only the United States from China hijacked the nine giant pandas, Chengdu, West China University of religious schools in which great help. In the pandas spent 20 years producing areas, the "Panda King," said Smith, the British Tangier in 1936 to 3 years 1938, regarding the acquisition of nine giant pandas live, and to which 6 only to Britain.
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History of species
Fossils show that giant panda ancestors in 2 to 3 million years ago, the Early flood. Dating back hundreds of thousands of years ago during the heyday of giant pandas, which are Stegodon paleontology group, the giant panda habitat in China had covered most of eastern and southern regions, north Beijing, the southern and south Vietnam, Myanmar North (Schaller, 1993). Fossils are usually at an altitude of 500 to 700 m found in temperate and subtropical forests. Later, the animals have become extinct over the same period, the panda has relic now, and keep the original ancient features, so a lot of scientific value, and thus known as the "living fossil", the Chinese put it as "national treasures." Today, giant pandas have a very narrow range, limited to the slope of Qinling Mountains of China, Minshan, Qionglai mountains, the size of the local area and Liangshan Mountains. Tremendous changes in giant panda habitat recent times occurred. China's rapid population growth in recent years and the occupation of land, a lot of habitat disappeared. Previously, pandas used to live in the low mountain valley, has become _set_tlements. Giant Pandas live in bamboo can be grown only in the altitude between 1200 and 3400 meters. At present, our government has taken a series of effective measures to better protect this endangered living fossil. The survival of giant panda has long been of concern for the people of the world. For the protection and breeding giant pandas in the future, but also need to continue to do a lot of hard work.
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Panda's living fossil, the origin of the name of panda
In fact, the scientific name of giant panda is called "panda", meaning "like a bear cat," that is "essentially similar to the bear, and looks similar to a cat." Strictly speaking, "Panda" is a misnomer. This "wrong case" such a cause: the liberation, Beibei, Chongqing, Sichuan panda museum specimens had exhibited shows from left to right on a horizontal card that says "Panda" word. However, the title was used to press the cross to recognize and read from right to left, so the journalists will be reporting on in the "Panda" error write to "Panda." "Panda" is widely disseminated by the media, used to say, it is difficult to correct. Thus, only the wrong people, "the panda" to "Panda." In fact, scientists naming panda as a "panda" because of its close ancestors with the ancestors of bears, are all carnivores. Range of the giant panda a great relationship with the seasons, winter and spring of life in the 3000 meters and more snow or no snow cover fewer valleys. Usual winter activities, there is no hibernation habits. Summer and autumn is more than 3,000 meters above the Strip. Hot weather, often to the ravine where the creek, a small riverside water, and sometimes swim. Giant panda habitat is not fixed, wandering go, where to eat, sleep where. Although it is heavy mast, walking unsteadily, climbs up the tree to have very clever. It is very sensitive hearing, by the alarm, it is very flexible and climbed the high tree, hiding. Giant solitary nature, usually solitary, only in estrus, male and female was temporarily living together. Their fertility is low, usually one per births Aberdeen, Aberdeen two sometimes can be produced. Mostly dead tree holes during childbirth as a lair. The strange thing is, a weight of 100 kilograms or more of the adult giant panda, panda, Aberdeen, born just was unusually small, weighing only 0.1 to 0.15 kilograms, like a mouse, only about one-thousandth the weight of the mother, so difficult to survive. Grew up as a giant panda from birth to adult takes about two years or so. Difficult because of Giant Panda Breeding, survival, and difficult, so now only a handful of wild giant pandas is estimated that only 1,000 or so. The reason why giant pandas precious, not only because of its lovely body, the number of rare and, more importantly, it is 300 years-old with animals, on the study of ancient mammals, scientists have a precious value. Research shows that millions of years to form giant structures changed little, today's giant panda still retains many original features. Therefore, the giant panda has a "living fossil," said the fossils.
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Friendship Messenger
From 1957 to 1982, 26 years, China has presented to nine countries, 23 giant pandas: The former Soviet Union average in 1957 will receive a giant panda, and then receive an Ann; Democratic People's Republic from 1965 to 1980, have been awarded Dandan, Samsung, Linlin other five giant pandas; The United States in April 1972 will receive a pair of giant pandas Ling-Ling and Xing Xing; Japan in October 1972 will receive a pair of giant pandas Lan Lan and Kang Kang, 1980 will receive a female panda Huanhuan, 1982 will receive a male giant panda Feifei; France will receive a pair of giant pandas in 1973, Yan Yan and Li Li; The United Kingdom in April 1974 and receive a pair of giant pandas Jia Jia Jingjing; Former Federal Republic of Germany in November 1974 will receive a pair of giant pandas and baby every day; Mexico in September 1975 will receive a pair of giant pandas Ying Ying and Babe; Spain in September 1978 will receive a pair of giant pandas Shao Shao and powerful.
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Hong Kong, Macao China Panda
Hong Kong March 1999, the Central Government has donated a pair of giant pandas to Hong Kong, "Jia Jia" and "Ann", to celebrate the return to the motherland and the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the HKSAR Government, the Central People's Government in particular presented a pair of giant pandas to Hong Kong "Music Music "," Ying Ying. " Macau Macau has not been presented to panda, panda Macau is the first exhibition in Wuhan Acrobatic Troupe to Macau's star panda "Ying Ying." Taiwan The famous "round", "round" on December 23, 2008 at the Taipei Zoo to _set_tle. December 23, 2008 at 5 pm aboard EVA Airways plane arrived in Taiwan Taoyuan Airport in Taipei; then transfer car at 19:30 to arrive to their new home Hui - Taipei Zoo Shin Kong Special Exhibit. At 19:30 on the 23rd into Shin Kong Special Exhibit, the "round" "round" for activities and eating. 21:00 lights out, they napping to 23:00. 11 woke up, ate some of the bamboo, water bamboo, black bamboo and a few thorn apples, carrots, buns. At 3:00 on the 24th, "Tuan Tuan" "round" again to sleep, nestled in the pig bed slept until 8 am.
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Reunion anecdote
Become attached to round When giant pandas to Taiwan in the _select_ion, although experts will on the 16th with 19 and 21 the two candidates "handsome guy" put together, but on the 16th and the 19th has always been to get along quite well, with the two at any time into the same out inseparable, very. Moreover, 16 and 19 also complement one, often care of each other, was extremely affectionate. Therefore, 16 and 19 was determined to be donated to Taiwan giant pandas, which is known all round and round later. Reunited after the earthquake Wenchuan after the earthquake, giant pandas "Tuan Tuan" "round" sheds behind the mountain collapsed, the huge stones will be completely destroyed pens. Fortunately, wary of the "round" "round" all ran out of the pens. May 12, "round" was the Wolong China Giant Panda Protection Research Center staff rescued; 3 days, "round" in people's vision, also rescued by staff. With round round Finally, the "round" "round" in the Wolong still living together happily. Handed round December 25, 2008, round balls slapping beat up, scared to see the round round and round on the back. Such a small move up and down the zoo has been alerted, and quickly to assess the impact, was said to be round round philandering, was said to be round and round and round like a good show affection, it was the explanation is lost in a fog "henpecked." However Jinshi Qian said that the final assessment by the zoo that is the round and the field has come to rut stronger is likely to declare themselves "boss." The round was a relatively large child, knew young, so give way. Pandas "Tuan Tuan" "round" if successfully passed the inspection, scheduled for January 26, 2009 New Year's Day an official at the Taipei Zoo to meet with visitors. Taipei Zoo has been doing the preparatory work. Finally, the "round" "round" in the Wolong still living together happily.
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Artist impression of giant panda
Liu Jiyou painting "Panda" is the most rare animals, giant panda, is harmony, friendship, peace symbol, is also a favorite subject of painter, famous painter Wu Zuoren, Liu Jiyou so painted giant maps, they are charmingly naive panda pen, funny popular, the style and varied artists through different angles and different performance methods, describe a "giant" of the charm, giving people a beautiful and enjoy. Painting famous painter Liu Jiyou is a master of giant pandas, giant panda painting and spirit he is superb, vivid. Mr. Liu Jiyou life drew many different attitude of the giant panda, and he put his heart love peace, love life, love the motherland and good wishes have poured in on the description of the giant panda, giant panda he described vividly expressive, given fresh artistic appeal. King Tiger, word Tianyi, Xiao Lin Zhaizhu people, good tiger, lion, leopard, bear, panda, English name TigerWang. "Panda" Tiger works
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Panda Category
The beginning of the ancestors of giant panda panda (Ailuaractos lufengensis), which is a by the bears have evolved to be the first meat-based panda. The beginning of the panda's main branch in the central and southern China, continue to evolve, one of which dated to the early Pleistocene about 300 million years the emergence of a small panda shape than it is now, it has been inferred from the teeth and eating bamboos evolved into omnivorous animal, since the main branch extended to the sub-tropical, widely distributed in north, northwest, east, southwest and South China and northern Vietnam and Myanmar have been found fossil. In this process, the giant panda adapted to the subtropical bamboo forest life, gradually increasing size, dependent on bamboo. In the 50-70 million years ago in the Pleistocene, the heyday of late is the giant panda. Molar panda now developed, in addition to toe claws but also have a "thumb." This "thumb" is actually a specialized form a wrist, the scientific name is called "radial sesamoid", mainly from the role of holding the bamboo. Qinling panda has been identified as a subspecies of giant panda.
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Distribution
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwest China giant pandas living in the eastern edge of the temperate forest, where bamboo is the main understory plants. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China Yangtze River to the mountain ravine the transition zone of the series, including the Qinling, Minshan, Qionglai mountains, the size and relative size of Liangshan mountain ridge. Distributed in the south of the Qinling Mountains, the county is mainly Foping, the general distribution of Yangxian County is only a small amount of the distribution of Taibai County, Ningshan, weeks, leaving dam, rather strong. In addition to Minshan system for the general distribution of Gansu Province, the rest are distributed in Sichuan. Mainly distributed in Sichuan's Pingwu County, Green River and North River and other three counties, the general distribution of a Jiuzhaigou County, Songpan, Maoxian counties, a small amount of the distribution of County County, Mianzhu, Pengzhou, Shifang and Dujiangyan. The main distribution Qionglai Mountains Baoxing County, Wenchuan, and Tianquan such, the general distribution of Lushan County, Dayi, and only a small amount of the distribution of Qionglai County, Chongzhou, Kangding, Luding and so on. In addition to the size of the phase Ridge Mianning Hongya and outside the county for general distribution, only a small amount of the distribution of the County Yingjing, asbestos, Chinese sources, Kowloon and so on. In addition to the size of Liangshan Ma edges, and the more Western Meigu a certain number, but only a small amount of the distribution of the counties have ganluo, Ebian and Leibo and so on. Currently the number of giant pandas in the wild in the end? This is a difficult question to answer. Living in the dense bamboo forests on steep slopes of high mountains, the giant panda's statistics as a very hard work. In the seventies and eighties there have been two surveys, it is estimated about 1,000 giant pandas in the wild, this figure may be low. Panda distribution area, there were 37 counties, if at the main production division of general and a small amount of three, the main producing counties of about 100 for each county, a total of 7 counties; the general produced about 50 per county County for more than a total of 11 County; less often in each county the county producing 50 below, include 19 counties. Accordingly projections, total number of wild giant pandas are about a thousand less than the number of about 100 in captivity. The net reproductive rate of giant pandas 1.06740002, population growth. According to the State Forestry Administration 2006 survey, 1,596 wild giant pandas across the country, the number of 161 captive. The giant panda is the most rare and Bear Branch family, but also by one of the biggest threats to survival of mammals. The eighties of the 20th century survey of the habitat area of about 13,000 square kilometers. According to the State Forestry Administration 2005 survey, has now been confirmed that the giant pandas in Qinling giant panda population identified as a new subspecies. Giant Pandas in the Qinling giant panda and Sichuan have been geographically separated 1.2 million years, the shape of giant panda head than round. According to the third in 2000-2001 to carry out panda survey, the number of giant panda (excluding juveniles under the age of 1.5) has 273. In the Qinling Mountains, in addition to black and white panda, but also discovered brown, white giant panda. Origin of name In 1869, French Catholic missionary Armand David (Armand David) know, after the panda, to the "Panda" is named "Black Bear", belong to the bear family. Two years later, zoologists to further examine and study it belongs to the Panda Division, it would further be called "panda." In the 1940s, the museum exhibition in Chongqing Beibei held a stuffed animal exhibition. At that time, known as the panda, which means it is as chubby face like a cat, but the whole body like a bear. As Chinese users often used the traditional wording of right to left, so the panda was the term the way is written right to left. In the standard Chinese grammar, the adjective is usually placed in front of the noun. Because pandas are generally considered to belong to the bear family, so the cat is an adjective, bear is a noun. Therefore, the pandas in Chinese grammar, the word is right. To the 1940s, many Chinese users have got used to reading left to right, the Chinese law, so the museum was shown Beibei "Panda" was the word we misread as pandas. Since then, the panda in Sichuan before the term began to become popular around the long run to the mass corruption, one to today, most people get used to using the word panda.
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Reunion anecdote
Become attached to round
When giant pandas to Taiwan in the _select_ion, although the experts with 19 to 16 and 21 the two candidates "handsome guy" put together, but 16 always get along so well with the 19, two into the same at any time with out inseparable, very. Not only that, 16 and 19 also complement one, often care of each other, was extremely affectionate. Therefore, 16 and 19 was determined to be donated to Taiwan giant pandas, which is known all round and round later. Reunited after the earthquake Wenchuan after the earthquake, giant pandas "Tuan Tuan" "round" sheds behind the mountain collapsed, the huge stones will be completely destroyed pens. Fortunately, wary of the "round" "round" all ran out of the pens. May 12, "round" was the Wolong China Giant Panda Protection Research Center staff rescued; 3 days, "round" in people's vision, also rescued by staff. With round round Finally, the "round" "round" in the Wolong still living together happily. Handed round December 25, 2008, round balls slapping beat up, scared to see the round round and round on the back. Such a small move up and down the zoo has been alerted, and quickly to assess the impact, was said to be round round philandering, was said to be round and round and round like a good show affection, it was the explanation is lost in a fog "henpecked." However Jinshi Qian said that the final assessment by the zoo that is the round and the field has come to rut stronger is likely to declare themselves "boss." The round was a relatively large child, knew young, so give way. Pandas "Tuan Tuan" "round" if successfully passed the inspection, scheduled for January 26, 2009 New Year's Day an official at the Taipei Zoo to meet with visitors. Taipei Zoo has been doing the preparatory work. Finally, the "round" "round" at the Taipei animals live happily together.
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Panda's living fossil, the name of panda
In fact, the scientific name of giant panda is called "panda", meaning "like a bear cat," that is "essentially similar to the bear, and looks similar to a cat." Strictly speaking, "Panda" is a misnomer. This "wrong case" such a cause: the liberation, Beibei, Chongqing, Sichuan panda museum specimens was exhibited, indicating that board in accordance with the pattern from left to right across the English words "panda" word. However, the title was used to press the cross to recognize and read from right to left, so the journalists will be reporting on in the "Panda" error write to "Panda." "Panda" is widely disseminated by the media, used to say, it is difficult to correct. Thus, only the wrong people, "the panda" to "Panda." In fact, scientists naming panda as a "panda" because of its close ancestors with the ancestors of bears, are all carnivores.
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Hong Kong, Macao China Panda
Hong Kong March 1999, the Central Government has donated a pair of giant pandas to Hong Kong, "Jia Jia" and "Ann", to celebrate the return to the motherland and the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the HKSAR Government, the Central People's Government in particular presented a pair of giant pandas to Hong Kong "Music Music "," Ying Ying. " Macau The first exhibition of Macau Wuhan Acrobatic Troupe to only panda panda Macau Star "English-English." President Hu Jintao, December 19, 2009 in the return of Macau to attend the celebrations, announced that to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region Government shall request the Central Government decided to give a pair of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the giant pandas. Taiwan The famous "round", "round" on December 23, 2008 at the Taipei Zoo to _set_tle. December 23, 2008 at 5 pm aboard EVA Airways plane arrived in Taiwan Taoyuan Airport in Taipei; then transfer car at 19:30 to arrive to their new home Hui - Taipei Zoo Shin Kong Special Exhibit. At 19:30 on the 23rd into Shin Kong Special Exhibit, the "round" "round" for activities and eating. 21:00 lights out, they napping to 23:00. 11:00 woke up, ate some of the bamboo, water bamboo, black bamboo and a few thorn apples, carrots, buns. At 3:00 on the 24th, "Tuan Tuan" "round" again to sleep, nestled in the pig bed slept until 8 am. Reunion anecdote Become attached to round When giant pandas to Taiwan in the _select_ion, although experts will on the 16th with 19 and 21 the two candidates "handsome guy" put together, but on the 16th and the 19th has always been to get along quite well, with the two at any time into the same out inseparable, very. Moreover, 16 and 19 also complement one, often care of each other, was extremely affectionate. Therefore, 16 and 19 was determined to be donated to Taiwan giant pandas, which is known all round and round later. Reunited after the earthquake Wenchuan after the earthquake, giant pandas "Tuan Tuan" "round" sheds behind the mountain collapsed, the huge stones will be completely destroyed pens. Fortunately, wary of the "round" "round" all ran out of the pens. May 12, "round" was the Wolong China Giant Panda Protection Research Center staff rescued; 3 days, "round" in people's vision, also rescued by staff. Finally, the "round" "round" in the Wolong still living together happily. Handed round December 25, 2008, round balls slapping beat up, scared to see the round round and round on the back. Such a small move up and down the zoo has been alerted, and quickly to assess the impact, was said to be round round philandering, was said to be round and round and round like a good show affection, it was the explanation is lost in a fog "henpecked." However Jinshi Qian said that the final assessment by the zoo that is the round and the field has come to rut stronger is likely to declare themselves "boss." The round was a relatively large child, knew young, so give way. January 26, 2009 New Year's Day round round official at the Taipei Zoo to meet with visitors, early March, the number of visitors reached 50 million.
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Wikipedia Daquan
daxiongmao Giant Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca; giant panda Carnivora panda Section 1 single is a single species. (See color pictures giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), Panda (Aihuropoda melanoleuca), 1985 slope of Qinling Mountains found in brown and white panda.) Larger size, shape like bears, more rounded like a cat head, hence the name. Its black and white fur, the main habitat in the bamboo forest, commonly known as the bamboo flowers bear or bear, tapir listed on ancient, silent, □, Xiu, White □ Dengjun refers to this beast. Giant Panda 1.2 to 1.5 meters in length and weighing 50 to 80 kilograms, but under the conditions in captivity, the maximum body length of up to 1.8 meters and weighing nearly 200 kg; body hair in white, but the limbs are contiguous with the scapular black hair area, eye area has the shape of glasses spots, ear, nose and tail are black too. Typical of the modern giant panda habitat is characterized by high mountains, deep valleys, tree height, bamboo density. Bamboo is both dense base their diets, but also future generations of their hiding and breeding places. Giant corporations are carnivorous animals, but hi vegetarian, according to the survey, they have 50 kinds of plant feeding, and occasionally also eat animals, but the main food for a few small bamboo plants, especially likes to eat bamboo for shoots of these and more young tender stems and leaves. Tiger, leopard and other predators can not be got into the thick bamboo clump hunt, and they where able to walk through easily; occasional jackal groups around the passage, but also quickly climbed up the tall bamboo trees, hidden in the crotch, the moment, its black and white color patterns can also play a protective role. Structure in the form of giant pandas, as well as have a lot of ecological and physiological life with this unique adaptation of environment-related. For example, degradation of cracked teeth, chewing surfaces of molars wider, for pressure bite and chew bamboo stalk; bamboo is difficult to digest, and the giant panda's digestive system with all carnivorous beasts, short bowel, cecum developed, chewing and digestion of food are relatively rough, so they are great daily food intake, feeding frequency, when they walk through the bamboo, often while walking, eating, side discharge, in its habitat can be seen almost everywhere a round about 10 to 15 cm in diameter and 5 to 7 cm, oblong, slightly pointed at both ends by a section consisting of broken bamboo stool. Panda feared and hot, cold and fear, do not sting the winter sleep, all year round activity, with the temperature changes with vertical migration habits. Summer and fall more in the zone on the above activities, and in the winter season is less snow to the lower mountain slopes or sunny stream transfer. Drink water often to the river stream, water is large in winter and spring to drink very often the belly bulge and staggered action. Giant of gentle, not afraid of people, slow, can swim, good climbing, there are acts of stripping the bark. More wild pandas mating in the spring and early summer, then you can hear the muffled their unique courtship sounds. Late autumn calving, each 1 to 2 births Aberdeen. Newborn cubs is very small, only 100 grams, no eyes open, naked hairless body, the mortality rate as high as 30 to 50%. Slower growth and development of cubs, six months before they can be independent of feeding. 6 to 8 years of age sexual maturity, the short duration of estrus, the majority of only 10 days, and often there is not male and female estrus synchronization and not with education. Natural life span of about 25 to 30 years. Residual distribution of the modern giant panda is an endangered species, the number of rare, only a few dozen disconnected punctate distribution, estimated there were only several thousand, and during their natural habitat of bamboo flowering due to the large area of dead When a large number of giant panda has died, the distribution point is also reduced. The endangered primary structure and function of internal organs than its original, insensitive, low reproductive viability, and more dependent on specialized external living conditions, poor adaptability, etc.; the human development of their living environment is the result The endangered important external factors. To save the giant panda, slow down the natural decay process, China will focus on them as protected animals at the national level, since 1965, worked in Sichuan Province Pingwu, Nanping, Green River, North Sichuan, Wenchuan, Baoxing, Mabian, Meigu, Gansu Wen County and Wudu, Foping other counties in Shaanxi Province to establish a dozen giant panda based nature reserves. In recent years, the two also Wolong Nature Reserve and the Whitewater River to build a giant panda protection and research base. Conditions in captivity is a continuation of the species of giant panda breeding system is another important way. Beijing Zoo in 1963 started the world record of successful artificial breeding, the Kunming Zoo's giant pandas and other places also have reproductive success. 70 years since the Beijing Zoo has achieved low-temperature storage of giant panda breeding and artificial insemination semen successful experience for the continuation of giant panda lineage has taken a new step. (Ma Yong)