The air surrounding the general term for the earth. Is the survival of life on earth all the important physical condition. And sea, land together constitute the Earth system. Earth system, momentum, heat the key with the material cycle. The total mass of the atmosphere of about 5 3 × 10 18 kg (50 percent of them concentrated in the 6 km less, 99 9% concentrated in 48 km or less), or about one millionth of the total mass of the Earth. The lower atmosphere of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide and other components. Density with increasing height from the ground down and become thin, generally defined as the atmosphere at 1000 kilometers away from the ground.
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dà qì
Gas surrounding the Earth, it also refers to other planets in the gas surrounding
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No. 3
: Exhaled common common
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No. 4
He scared out of the atmosphere are not
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No. 5
: Generous
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No. 6
This is a child, quite atmosphere
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No. 7
: Grand grand momentum
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No. 8
Majestic
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No. 9
A layer of gases surrounding the earth, air, water vapor and dust mixture. Ye Yusen "Bohai Sea Dragon boat" Poetry: "Atmospheric Flight Wind 鷊 health, solitary listening to the water dragon Xian Yin Chu." Tao "Ni Huanzhi" 25: "Less than 10 minutes, the sound becomes very great, as if package Long Zhao the universe, throughput in the atmosphere. "
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No. 10
Means the heavy atmosphere. Lao She, "two horses" paragraph 2: "He touched the lamp to open open. And then put on cloaks, not the feet smb atmosphere downstairs to go."
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No. 11
Means the issue of heavy breath. "Journey to the West," the third seven times: "to the palace to see you mother was not to loud atmosphere, shall be made low Qiao Yu."
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No. 12
Stylish; measure large. Lao She's "honored": "for years, so triple-cheung is never official-like atmosphere." Xiao Qian "chestnuts depression Confessions": "That letter I wrote a very grand atmosphere."
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No. 13
Great effort. "Water Margin" 17th back: "Brother, you tube under the Kimihito many sharp-eyed, there are three 200, why not with my brother out of some of the atmosphere? Amount of a brother, how to save too brother!"
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No. 14
Still furious. "Yue" the 14th back: "an old saying: the atmosphere is not overnight. Chen Xiang Gong spare me this time."
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No. 15
Air (atmosphere) The air surrounding the Earth called the atmosphere. As fish live in water, we humans live in the bottom of the Earth's atmosphere, and the moment without air. Atmosphere for the proliferation of life on Earth, human development, provides the ideal environment. Its state and change, always and everywhere affect human activities and survival. Atmospheric science is the study of atmospheric spheres of a science. It studies the specific circumstances of the atmosphere, including the formation of atmospheric composition, the distribution of these components and changes in the structure of the atmosphere, the basic properties of the atmosphere and leading the state law of motion. Air pollution effects on the physical state of the atmosphere, mainly caused by abnormal climate change. This change is sometimes obvious, sometimes takes the form of Zeyi changes gradually, by imperceptible to most people, but left unchecked, the consequences could be very serious. The atmosphere is constantly changing, the natural process of change very slowly, and the changes caused by human activities in the pressing evil, has attracted the keen attention to the world around the world have mobilized a lot of human and material resources, research, prevention , treatment. Control air pollution, protect the environment, has become an important cause of modern human. Warming of the atmosphere methane is everything Research shows that with the continuous emission of greenhouse gases, the Earth's atmosphere, "greenhouse effect" will be increasingly strong. Greenhouse gases mainly by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, Freon and other ingredients, including carbon dioxide, methane is 20 times the greenhouse effect, and the concentration in the atmosphere showing a trend of rapid growth. In addition, the study also predicted: with a large number of emissions of greenhouse gases, global temperatures will generally rise. Meanwhile, terrestrial ecosystems will face a mid-latitude ecosystems and agriculture with the polar migration and reduce the threat of biological diversity, sudden climate catastrophe frequency increased, which will directly affect human survival and development. Notes on the atmosphere: ① the atmospheric air. "Lingshu flavors": "The atmosphere of Tuan without Walker, the plot in the chest, Ming Yue air sea, out of the lungs, through the throat, so the call is out, suck you into." ② refers to cases of gas, details of cases of gas Article. ③ large by the gas, "Su asked clutch of true evil": "To make air storage, leaving only the atmosphere, so Ming Yue fill." ④ means evil. "Lingshu disease Biography": "Atmospheric Tibet, abdominal pain under the prostitution, can be lethal, so that students can not." Atmospheric dàqì (1) [atmosphere] of the gas surrounding the Earth, other planets also refers to the gas surrounding (2) [heavy breathing]: coarse breath: he was scared out of the atmosphere are not (3) [carry oneself with ease and confidence]: generous: This child has grown, quite atmosphere (4) [great momentum]: grand grand momentum Sometimes also refers to the spiritual quality of a person without fear: the man broad-minded, very 'atmospheric', never mind you these little things.
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Atmosphere (Atmosphere)
The air surrounding the Earth called the atmosphere. The same as fish live in water, we humans live in the bottom of the Earth's atmosphere, and the moment without air. Atmosphere for the proliferation of life on Earth, human development, provides the ideal environment. Its state and change, always and everywhere affect human activities and survival. Atmospheric science is the study of atmospheric spheres of a science. It studies the specific circumstances of the atmosphere, including the formation of atmospheric composition, the distribution of these components and changes in the structure of the atmosphere, the basic properties of the atmosphere and leading the state law of motion. Motion of the atmosphere by the heat in the atmosphere caused by the exchange, energy mainly from the sun, the heat makes the air temperature rise or fall swap. Pressure system of air movement and changes in activities of the earth between Shanghai land between North and South, between the ground and upper continuous exchange of energy and materials, to generate complex changes in the weather and climate change. Changes in atmospheric science from the air pressure, air pressure forming the uneven distribution of pressure field and pressure system, each layer of air movement in a variety of atmospheric conditions, wind and nature of the phenomena studied in depth all of atmospheric circulation, weather systems , and based on fluid mechanics, thermodynamics of atmospheric motion and the nature of the phenomenon. Weather, from the phenomenon of speaking, mostly the result of changes of atmospheric water. In solar radiation, land surface forcing and atmospheric circulation together, form a comprehensive long-term weather conditions as climate. Atmospheric Sciences will study the causes of climate, weather conditions in different regions, climate change and human activities on climate and other issues. Air pollution effects on the physical state of the atmosphere, mainly caused by abnormal climate change. This change is sometimes obvious, sometimes takes the form of Zeyi changes gradually, by imperceptible to most people, but left unchecked, the consequences could be very serious. The atmosphere is constantly changing, the natural process of change very slowly, and the changes caused by human activities in the pressing evil, has attracted the keen attention to the world around the world have mobilized a lot of human and material resources, research, prevention , treatment. Control air pollution, protect the environment, has become an important cause of modern human.
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The formation of the atmosphere
Some people think that the atmosphere is born on Earth, due to volcanic activity gradually penetrate out from the earth's crust. In the original atmosphere, the oxygen content is very small, but a lot of carbon dioxide. Later, the green plants appeared on land, through photosynthesis, the atmosphere gradually turned the original look like now.
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The composition of the atmosphere
Composition of the atmosphere of various gases and particles. Atmospheric composition. Earth's atmosphere, with nitrogen, oxygen, argon gas composition be constant, there is carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and other relatively fixed content of the gas composition in general, but also water vapor, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone gas composition changed dramatically . Which also often have suspended dust, smoke particles, salt, water droplets, ice crystals, pollen, spores, bacteria and other solid and liquid aerosol particles. Specific components are: nitrogen (78.084) oxygen (20.946) argon (0.934) water vapor (0.25) carbon dioxide (0.032) neon (0.0018) helium (0.00052) methane (0.0002) and krypton (0.0001) H (0.00005) xenon (0.000008) ozone ( 0.000001) Other (0.001421) Atmospheric gas composition, the following are mostly in highly 60Km neutral molecules; from 60 Km up during the day under the sun began to ionizing radiation, in more than 90 Km, you are at the ionization state. Upper atmosphere, some ingredients are broken down into atomic state.
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The structure of the atmosphere
The atmosphere in the vertical direction in accordance with the various features, will be divided into several levels of the atmosphere. Distribution of atmospheric temperature with height according to the characteristics of the atmosphere can be divided into the troposphere, stratosphere, the middle layer, thermal layer and fugitive layer; also known as the troposphere, stratosphere, the middle layer, the warm layer and outer layer. By atmospheric conditions of the mixture of components can be divided into homogeneous layer of the atmosphere and non-uniform layer. Ionization by atmospheric conditions, can be divided into non-ionized layer of the ionosphere. By atmospheric photochemical reactions, can be divided into the ozone layer. By atmospheric motion control of the situation by the magnetic field can be divided into a magnetosphere. The atmosphere near the ground surface, mainly through absorption of heat radiation, air temperature decreases with height increase, lower heat, cold upper air vertical convection significantly, it is called the troposphere (troposphere). The thickness of the troposphere due to the different latitude and different seasons: tropical thick, cold thin; summer thick, thin winter. Equatorial convection layer thickness of up to 16 to 18 km, the latitude of about 10 to 12 km, the polar regions of about 7 to 8 km. Since the Earth's surface upward, the increase with height Yu Yu Lai thin air. The upper bound of the atmosphere can be extended to 2000 to 3000 km altitude. In the vertical direction, the atmosphere has significantly different physical properties. According to the vertical distribution of temperature, atmospheric disturbance level, ionization phenomena, a traditional feature of the atmosphere into five layers. Troposphere troposphere is the lowest level of the atmosphere. Its height varies by latitude and season. To latitude, low latitude averaging 17 to 18 km; in the average latitude of 10 to 12 km; high latitudes is only 8 to 9 km. On the season, the convective boundary layer height in summer than in winter. The main features of the troposphere; ① increasing temperature decreases with height, the average increase of 100 meters, the temperature decreased 0.65 ℃. The reason is that the first major solar radiation heating the ground, then the heat to the atmosphere from the ground, so the more heated air near the ground more, the higher the temperature, away from the ground the temperature is gradually reduced. ② strong convective air movement. Ground of a different nature, and therefore uneven heating. Thermal expansion of the local warm air rise, and in cold air shrinkage decreased, resulting in air convection. Convection and low-level air to the high-level exchanges, promote the transfer of heat and moisture, into the clouds of rain caused play an important role. ③ complex and changing weather. Concentration of tropospheric air quality by 75% and 90% water vapor, so with the strong convection, resulting in changes in the water phase, the formation of clouds, rain, snow and other complex weather phenomena. The middle layer from the top of the stratosphere to 85 km altitude for the intermediate layer. Its main features: ① temperature increases and decreases rapidly with height, the middle layer of the top boundary temperature dropped to -83 ℃ ~ -113 ℃. Because the layer of ozone content is extremely low, a substantial absorption of solar UV can not, and nitrogen, oxygen and absorb most of the shortwave radiation absorbed by the upper atmosphere, so the temperature decreases with increasing altitude. ② strong convection occurs. This is due to the cold of the upper layer of the atmosphere, warming the lower part, causing the air convection movement. However, as the layer of thin air, the air convection can not be compared with the troposphere.
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Warming of the atmosphere methane is everything
Research shows that with the continuous emission of greenhouse gases, the Earth's atmosphere, "greenhouse effect" will be increasingly strong. Greenhouse gases mainly by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, Freon and other ingredients, including carbon dioxide, methane is 20 times the greenhouse effect, and the concentration in the atmosphere showing a trend of rapid growth. In addition, the study also predicted: with a large number of emissions of greenhouse gases, global temperatures will generally rise. Meanwhile, terrestrial ecosystems will face a mid-latitude ecosystems and agriculture with the polar migration and reduce the threat of biological diversity, sudden climate catastrophe frequency increased, which will directly affect human survival and development.
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Comment on the atmosphere
① the atmospheric air. "Lingshu flavors": "The atmosphere of Tuan without Walker, the plot in the chest, Ming Yue air sea, out of the lungs, through the throat, so the call is out, suck you into." ② refers to cases of gas, details of cases of gas Article. ③ large by the gas, "Su asked clutch of true evil": "To make air storage, leaving only the atmosphere, so Ming Yue fill." ④ means evil. "Lingshu disease Biography": "Atmospheric Tibet, abdominal pain under the prostitution, can be lethal, so that students can not." Atmospheric dàqì (1) [atmosphere] of the gas surrounding the Earth, other planets also refers to the gas surrounding (2) [heavy breathing]: coarse breath: he was scared out of the atmosphere are not (3) [carry oneself with ease and confidence]: generous: This child has grown, quite atmosphere (4) [great momentum]: grand grand momentum Sometimes also refers to the spiritual quality of a person without fear: the man broad-minded, very 'atmospheric', never mind you these little things.
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Atmosphere - the role of insulation
As if the atmosphere is a blanket, wrap the entire planet evenly, as if the entire planet being in a greenhouse. Scorching sun during the day and send a strong short-wave radiation, the atmosphere makes these short-wave light smoothly through, and reach the surface, the surface warming. Night, no solar radiation, the Earth's surface to radiate heat. Because the surface temperature is not high, so radiation is the main long-wave radiation, and these long-wave radiation is exactly the atmosphere is not allowed through, and it will not lose too much surface heat, surface temperature will not drop too low. In this way, the atmosphere serves as a role in regulating Earth's surface temperature. This role is the role of atmospheric heat. Adjective Usually describe objects (mostly building), magnificent, is imposing.
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Encyclopedia
daqi Atmospheric atmosphere The air surrounding the Earth overall. It is the survival of all life on earth the important material conditions. Not only with the Earth atmosphere rotation, and relative to the crust, there are complex motion. The atmosphere is oxygen, nitrogen-based multi-component gas mixtures, the highest density near the surface, close to the surface of the dry air under standard conditions in the weight 1.293 grams per liter. The average sea level air pressure of about 1013 hPa. Atmospheric density and pressure both increase with height decreases exponentially. The total mass of the atmosphere of about 5.3 × 10 □ □ kg, or about one millionth of the total mass of the Earth. 99.9% of the total mass of the atmosphere concentrated in the 48 km below the Earth's radius is about Jude Biao outside a high-altitude, and gradually transition to interstellar space (see color pictures earth). The atmosphere is the upper bound of the magnetopause. The height of the magnetopause: the side of the sun below the dorsal side of the sun, solar activity is lower than the sun on a quiet period. General, people will be the sun side of the magnetopause height (from the center of the earth about 10 Earth radii) as the height of the upper bound of the atmosphere, it is about 57,600 km above the ground. Because the different nature of the Earth's surface (such as sea, land, vegetation, etc.), atmospheric composition, physical properties and state of motion there are regional differences, changes in vertical than horizontal direction, the direction of change is much greater. Earth's atmosphere through a series of complex evolutionary process, it formed a now the atmospheric composition, hierarchical structure and physical properties (see the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere.) Atmospheric composition Yunhe essentially the same atmospheric composition major components of the gas composition of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, accounting for 99.96% of the total volume of the atmosphere. The remaining gases are trace (see table main component of the atmosphere dry cleaning table). 85 km or less, nitrogen, oxygen and other major gas volume ratio of their share of the same height at all. Variable gas composition mainly carbon dioxide, water vapor and ozone. These gases, though small, their impact on the physical condition of the atmosphere is great. ① carbon dioxide. 11 to 20 km below the uniform distribution of carbon dioxide, the relative content remain basically unchanged. As industrial development, fossil fuels (such as: coal, oil, natural gas) to increase the amount of fuel, reduction of forest cover, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere increasing trend (see human activities on climate.) For example, 1890 was 0.0296% carbon dioxide (volume ratio), 1978 has increased to 0.0332% (by volume). Less carbon dioxide, absorb solar radiation, but can strongly absorb terrestrial radiation and issued long-wave radiation, thus affecting the temperature of the atmosphere (see greenhouse effect). Increased carbon dioxide levels on climate change, has attracted wide attention.
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English Expression
: atmos, atmospheric air
n.: aerosphere, air, atmosphere, heavy breathing, carry oneself with ease and confidence, great momentum, the earth's atmosphere, open space in this