Danshui Fish > 墨头鱼
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No. 1
  墨头鱼(garra pingi)属鲤形目,鲤科,野鲮亚科,墨头鱼属。俗称:墨鱼,东坡鱼,东坡墨鱼,乌棒,黑鱼,鮧鱼(《本草纲目》)。英文名:beardless sucking bard 。
  体长,稍呈圆筒形,腹面在腹鳍之前较平,尾部侧扁。头部宽而平扁,略呈方形。吻钝,前端有角质突起;口大,下位,呈新月形,无须。上唇吻皮向腹面包下,其边缘分裂呈栉状,下唇宽大,似椭圆形吸盘,中央有一肉质垫,周缘游离,上有小型乳状突起,其前缘与肉质垫之间有一深沟相隔。眼小,位置较高。鳞中等大,腹鳍前腹面的鳞片埋于皮下;背鳍无硬刺,边缘凹形。体褐色,背部深,腹部灰白,鳍呈灰黑色,体侧鳞的基部有一黑斑,联成体侧黑褐色条纹数条。雌雄鱼平时具有珠星,至生殖期更为显著。民间传说这是苏东坡在家乡习字,洗笔砚于江,将鱼染成黑色的,故称之“东坡墨鱼”。
  墨头鱼喜欢栖息在水流湍急、水底多岩石的环境,常以肉质的吸盘吸附在水底石块上,属底栖性鱼类。它以着生藻类、植物碎屑以及沉积在岩石表面上的有机物等为食,有时也食少量水生昆虫幼虫。成熟较迟,一般长至3-4冬龄始达性成熟。生殖期约在5-6月,于流水中产卵。
  墨头鱼分布于长江上游、澜沧江及元江水系。
  一般2冬龄鱼能长到20厘米左右,3冬龄可长到24-27厘米。最大个体可见到体长60厘米左右,为同类群鱼类中最大的一种。肉肥厚,多脂肪,味极鲜美,是珍贵的经济鱼类,惟产量不大。
Containing Phrases
MangmotouyuXimotouyuEastern Motouyu
Stripe MotouyuTibet MotouyuKiu Motou fish
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