Chinese Name: Eld Chinese alias: eyebrow branches of a tree deer, Meijiao deer, deer Ze Latin Literature name: cervus eldii hainanus English name: eld's deer, thamin Category: Artiodactyla artiodactyla Cervidae cervidae Cervinae mervinae Deer are cervus Endangered information: cites appendix i iucn: Endangered China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals: Endangered Level of national key protected wild animals: a
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Shape features
Eld's deer for the medium-sized deer. Similar shape and deer, but the smaller size, less spotted. And neck, body and limbs are more slender, it is particularly vigorous. Bucks with Corner, the first eyebrow fork out from the base of the flat side forward, almost into a bow shape with the trunk. Hair was yellow-brown, red brown or brown, dark brown dorsal line. Spine on each side of a white spot, especially Zilu spots, spots of adult deer in winter hair is not obvious. Generally 160 centimeters in length, shoulder height 104-110 cm, weight 60-100 kg. Narrow body, neck and limbs are more slender, back mane is not obvious, the main narrow and pointed shoes, side foot small. Females do not head angle, head angle of the shape of the male beast is very special, there is a large brow pitchfork, grow forward and then bend slightly upward, while the trunk after the first, and then bend upward to before stretching. Unbranched trunk below, it seems like there is no second fork, the trigeminal, is the location of high bifurcation, have come up to the top of the trunk. Successive branches of a tree trunk with the eyebrows, forming a large angle of the arc, was almost bow-shaped, the top students of varying lengths are 3-6, pitched a small tip, this angle is clearly with deer and other deer different types. Angle over the length of about 100 cm, 12-13 cm thick, angular distance of 78 cm above the tip, eyebrow forking is also very long, up to 45 cm. Body hair is generally reddish brown to yellowish brown, darker back, back to the tail of the central base of the neck there is a dark brown longitudinal bands ridge, dotted with white bands on both sides of flower-shaped spots, the size of each spot, such as coins , spaced about 3 cm, also have a little white in the hip spots. Male beast's fur deep than females, especially in the mating season, even more rich and gaudy. To the autumn to early winter, they are for growth of the body, thick winter hair, white spots have also faded, and almost completely disappeared, until the spring of next year, these spots before they appear gradually. The outer side of the body and limbs, lighter in color, the inside of the abdomen and extremities was gray. Facial and ear on the back of the yellow-brown, with black ear, the ear is white. The back of the tail is chestnut brown, belly is white or light brown.
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Environment
Habitat at an altitude of 200 meters below the low hills, plains areas. Likes the social, but more long-Velvet Bucks alone. Eld's deer gather in the small valley hi activities, heightened vigilance, every bite will be looked up, and anything moving, then Rush rush, a few meters wide ravine, leaping them. Access grazing and tender tree leaves, but also like to lick the burned ash. Mating more in 4-5 months. In estrus, the male to dominate the female deer between fierce fighting occurred. 7-8 months of pregnancy, each fetus 1 Aberdeen. Eld narrow distribution range, a small number.
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Distribution
China is only distributed in Hainan Island. Once widespread in the mountainous hills outside terrace, the inner circle of the century low hills, such as Qiongzhong peace, Mannings southeastern Romania and other places have a three-shift distribution. Before and after 50 years in northern mountainous Tunchang, Dan County, south of Cliff County Ledong also have a wide distribution. Currently only limited to the southwest of the island's east, white sand of the individual sites. Foreign distributed in Indochina and the Malay Peninsula.
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Habits
Eld's deer habitat likes the group, but with long horn of the stallion but most of them alone. Usually seen in pairs or together to form groups of 3-5 only, distributed in small stream or gully in the grass and the wet fields, as well as other burned, mainly for the females and pups. Spouse during the estrus, the cluster phenomenon is more evident at the most about 12 or so. Foraging activity and more in the morning and evening, especially after heavy rain events more frequent. It is more drought and heat, although like the grass in the water near the food, but have not yet found in the bath or mud bath phenomenon. It is said that many times over the past number of Eld's deer, often feeding in the day, or even close to or mixed with livestock grazing group, and later as the impact of human activities, was only forced the morning and evening activities. Its visual and hearing are very sharp, and running more rapidly, particularly good at jumping. When searching for food is also very high alert, they each eat twenty-three looked up and looked around, listening to the static and dynamic fields, after eating a hurry, that line of escape Tibet. Once predators, bolted immediately galloped away, although a few meters of the tree, shrub or a few meters wide rivers, able to leap over, so there is a lot about it "fly" the legend. Because the origin of the Eld's deer are mostly distributed deer, so also spread like Yao Shi Eld's deer antlers to say, so the deer never mixed the two. In fact, the deer's habitat is mainly the higher elevations of the foothills, and Eld's deer of the region is different. Eld's main food is grass and tender branches and leaves, grass species are bamboo, Ding Kui grass, chicken accounts, magpie and kidney, but also eat leaves fan Heights, tender rice seedlings, seedlings of sugarcane and other crops, particularly fond of water or the growth of aquatic plants in marshes. In addition, it often lick soil, to supplement the body needs the minerals and salt and so on.
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Growth and reproduction
Eld's Deer rut more in 4-5 months, now has entered the rainy season, trees budding, the grass healthy and strong, the food is very rich, gradually to the body fat. Male beast in order to compete in the arena spouse violent, often confused black and blue, the winner will mate with the females, and has been accompanied by the heat is over, so that it can leave future generations more robust. Pregnant females produce more in 10-11 months, each child produced only one young. Newborn cubs weighing about 3-4 kg, body of a white, color generally uniform, but the hip plate is not obvious. In late May, even war, the after mating, male beast alone will successively outliers, and then in 6-7 months without any gloss off the old Chi Kok, began to grow from the corner seat by the skin as soft as velvet wrap the new Velvet. Before and after the velvet is most abundant in October, after the skin rupture and shedding antlers gradually keratosis, showing dark brown in the sunlight, the complex angle of the surface drains are traces of blood vessels during antlers. To the old corner and then fall off in summer next year, again and again carried out. Eld's deer breeding, and the long season and dried in the same area than that of deer habitat was late, and time is more concentrated. Eld life of 16 to 18 years.
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Population Status
Hainan Eld's deer in the tonic and medicinal products to be deified. Eld's Deer products are regarded as treasures, priced higher than similar products sambar deer and times. Eld's deer has a price of 30,000 yuan. Reselling an Eld's deer farmers receive the equivalent of 10 years of income. Eld's deer is facing huge profits is the serious poaching pressures continue; population growth, development speed, so that repeated Hainan Eld's deer habitat loss, remaining in the field can only nature reserve. This last 1376 hectares of land are still being eaten, the current real life for Eld's deer habitat has been less than 1200 ha. If each one hundred hectares can accommodate 50 Eld calculated field can only accommodate up to 600 nature reserves forage. Now, the protection zone 2 / 3 of the Eld's deer were stopped around the circumference, not only of food shortages, and the crowding effect on the Eld's deer will also have serious physiological stress, resulting in reproduction, survival is reduced. Outbreaks of infectious diseases, the consequences would be unthinkable; the distribution is extremely narrow, not conducive to the protection of this rare species, once natural disasters, there is no room for maneuver. Eld's deer protection area of existing only 2 acres, near the Eld's deer habitat areas still continue to be cultivation; field all the land surrounding the protected areas were turned into farmland, protected areas have no room for expansion. Local residents are protected areas for the grazing of cattle and sheep, thousands of cattle and sheep and Eld's deer fighting over food and reduce the protected area of the Eld's deer population carrying capacity. Eld's deer belongs to the State is now i-level protected animals. Established in 1976, the two Creek field and the state nature reserves, protected areas where forage River State in 1981 and killed all the light, but the number of protected areas in the field have been restored and developed. 1991 survey, the number of protected areas by the beginning of construction of the increased time of 26 than 300. The current field of protected areas have land use rights of the land area of 2 million acres, in 1986 a larger number of protected areas in Eld's deer, habitat conditions were better _set_ up a 2.8m road field area around the high bar, an area of 95 hectares ( 1420 acres). Protected areas around the bar is divided into two separate populations of Eld's deer. July 1989, due to forage and density around the bar too high, and its area expanded to 300 hectares (4500 acres).
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Related information
Rise and Fall of Hainan Eld's Deer Reflection Hainan Eld's deer (cervus unicolor hainana) is a unique subspecies of Hainan Island, is a national protected animals. Mainly inhabit the hilly slopes below 200m above sea level, there are more than 500 50's Hainan Eld's deer head found in six counties near 400km2 range. Due to excessive reclamation and Luanbulanlie, to the late 70s remaining 26. After 20 years a large number of human, financial and material resources and careful nursing, has grown to more than 500 head. Hainan Eld's deer to the brink of extinction by the boom, to protect the development, has experienced frustrations. Biodiversity conservation in more and more attention today, Hainan Province, proposed the construction of the first in the country "ecological province" the development of decision-making. How to protect biodiversity in the future, in harmony with nature, tracing the rise and fall of Hainan Eld's Deer Development, will give us some useful lessons. 1 Rise and Fall of Hainan Eld's Deer This land for generations in Hainan Eld's deer lives and breeds, are deeply rooted in the lives of local people. Especially the Li and Miao compatriots, the Eld's deer as rare treasures. 2 Current Situation and Prospect The Challenge of Hainan Eld's deer are social concern. State Forestry Administration and local governments have attached great importance to 26 Eld's deer surrounded by 3m high wire bar and the outside world, protecting officers guarded day and night. At the same time, protected areas and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China Endangered Animals Research Institute and other research institutions to cooperate actively on the biology and ecology of Hainan Eld's Deer Protection launched a comprehensive study of the proliferation issue has taken a growing high-quality forage; excavation water pool; installation of artificial salt and food attract points; fire method update vegetation; established a series of captivity population of scientific and effective protection measures, so that the number of Eld's deer in 1976 to 26 by the development to 86 in 1986, soared to 418 in 1996 head.