Also known as the Coriolis force, because the Earth's rotation and the earth produced graticule as the reference force. As the Earth's rotation and have an effect on the movement of the air force, called the Coriolis force, referred to as bias force. Only when the ground motion generated (not actually exist), only to change the direction (horizontal movement) movement of objects, you can not change the rate of movement of the object relative to the object. Coriolis force can be decomposed into horizontal and vertical Coriolis force Coriolis force two components. Due to the equatorial plane about an axis parallel to the plane of rotation of the air relative to the ground plane as the horizontal movement generated by the Coriolis force is perpendicular to the ground plane located in the plane perpendicular to the Coriolis force only, without horizontally Coriolis force. Due to the polar plane about the axis of rotation perpendicular to the plane of the air plane with respect to the horizontal movement as the Coriolis force generated by the rotation shaft located in the same plane perpendicular to, the Coriolis force is only horizontally without vertical Coriolis force. On the latitude between the equator and the polar shaft parallel to the ground plane around the axis of rotation, the shaft has a certain angle with the horizontal plane, both rotating about an axis parallel to the ground plane of the component, perpendicular to the ground plane around the rotating components have Therefore both vertically Coriolis force, but also the level of the Coriolis force. Reasons summarized as follows: the object is to maintain the level of inertial motion, with the Earth's rotation graticule arising due to the relative acceleration. Presence Objects of non-equatorial regions to the ground to have the direction of horizontal velocity component Size f = 2mvωsinφ m is the mass of the object f is the Coriolis force size v is the velocity of the horizontal component of the object ω is the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation sin is the sine function φ is the object latitude Direction The direction perpendicular to the horizontal component of the velocity of the object, in the northern hemisphere to the right, the left hemisphere Geographical significance For ocean currents, rivers, wind, and other things that have an impact on the level of sport. Coriolis force and life Author: Yaoqing Kui Source: Sichuan Yibin Jiang II Hits: 1543 Update Time :2007-8-16 Horizontal movement along the surface of the object in the Coriolis force acting direction of movement of the shift occurred, so many natural phenomena are affected, but also affects the human production and life, consider the following five cases: (in the northern hemisphere as Example) A water vortex formation. When we turn on the tap water to a plastic bucket, when reservoir water (drainage mouth underwater), the sink drain time, will be seen in the water forming a whirlpool. When water was clockwise, counterclockwise rotation was turn on the water. As shown below: The dotted line is the original direction of flow of surface water, the solid line is the actual flow direction of water. When the bucket next to the water, the water flow from the injection point to the surrounding, the northern hemisphere in the role of the Coriolis force right side, showed a clockwise swirl. It was counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. When the water flows to the lower surface drainage water point in the northern hemisphere tend to turn down the role of the force right side, was counter-clockwise swirl. Southern Hemisphere showed clockwise rotation. But rivers do not necessarily conform to this rule whirlpool, because it affected the characteristics of the riverbed. Second, the right line of vehicles and pedestrians. Not all countries have the right line of vehicles and pedestrians, but the right line is the most reasonable. As shown below: Pictured left a line under the Northern Hemisphere tend to force the vehicle to turn the role of the right side, middle of the road are biased easier to come across the vehicle and collided with a car accident frequency will be higher. b Pictured right line, the next vehicle in the northern hemisphere the Coriolis force of the right side, are biased street, street car driver attention is focused on the point, the driver will continue to adjust the direction to ensure traffic safety. Line causes the vehicle to the right people the right line, so safer. Due to the long habit, so no matter where people like to walk the right line. Third, wear different shoes around. This phenomenon has been difficult to see the modern, because time is too short to wear a pair of shoes, not obvious. I think people over the age of 40 on this phenomenon in mind. As shown below: This is due to differences in the force which is formed by two shoes. In the Northern Hemisphere, due to the Coriolis force is applied to the right side, so people often find the right shoes to wear more than the left shoe; while the southern hemisphere due to the Coriolis force is applied to the left side, so the left shoe to wear more than the right shoes. Fourth, run counter-clockwise on the track line. Run line on the runway, people always like a counterclockwise direction. As shown below: a man is run counterclockwise, just in the corners. As can be seen from the figure, the Coriolis force outside the body to produce a tilt inward centripetal force, force direction opposite to the second, more balanced, easy to fall off the corners. b man is run clockwise, but also just in the corners. As can be seen from the figure, the Coriolis force and centripetal force the body to produce the same direction of a tilted inward, not easy to balance, easy to fall off the corners. Birthplace of humanity in the northern hemisphere, people tend to turn to the long-term impact force formed by the habit, so even to the southern hemisphere, people are still accustomed to such behavior. Fifth, machinery and equipment are clockwise. We have seen fans, motors, diesel engines, turbines, etc. are clockwise. As shown below: As can be seen from the chart, clockwise in the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis force is pointing axis, has a central role in the matter, so that mechanical devices are more durable and more secure. The counter-clockwise rotation bias force from time to point, there are centrifugal movement of material, machinery and equipment are easily damaged and shorten life.
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Address the impact of geography on the global atmosphere
When the air surrounding the rotation of the Earth's surface long-distance moves, its initial eastward momentum began to change at the surface. We know that the Earth rotates from west to east, equatorial regions the maximum line speed of rotation, with the higher the latitude, the line speed getting smaller and smaller, to the extreme reduced to zero. Imagine the air from lower latitudes toward the Arctic: In the beginning, with the source of air is the same eastward speed; when the air near the poles, where the Earth's rotation is zero, which shares the air, but continues to maintain its original eastward momentum (assuming no friction and wear because of it), then it will turn to the destination relative to the earth's surface east. Thus, even if the air is fairly straight forward route across the weft poleward, relative to the Earth, it will look simultaneously turning east across the warp. A man named Gustave Coriolis Garth Pedro · French first mathematically describe this effect in 1835, so the scientific community with his surname to name such a force. We usually call it the Coriolis force. In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis force causes the wind to the right from its original course; in the Southern Hemisphere, this force winds left deviation. The larger the wind speed, the greater the deviation generated. Thus, in the Northern Hemisphere, when the air will bend to the right to a timely convergence low pressure center, forming a counterclockwise rotation of the airflow. Divergence from the high pressure center out of the air, then bend to the right because of the formation of a cyclone clockwise. We called cyclones rotate counterclockwise, clockwise rotation is called the anticyclone. In the Southern Hemisphere, the above situation is reversed. Coriolis effect causes winds turn to the right in the northern hemisphere, turn to the left in the southern hemisphere. This effect is most obvious is located in the extreme, at the equator, then disappear. If there is no rotation of the earth, the wind will blow from the polar high pressure equatorial low pressure area. Coriolis effect the most significant in the polar to equatorial direction gradually weakened until it disappears at the equator. This is why only the typhoon that cloud formation only over the region of 5 latitude. Coriolis force not only have an impact on the wind, any long-distance movement of the surface will be surrounded by it's fun. During the First World War, the Germans used their take pride in a range of 113 kilometers artillery bombardment of Paris, annoyed to discover that the shells are always away from the goal to the right. Until then, they never worried about the impact of the Coriolis force, because they do not have such a long distance from the fire. Of course, for a close campaign, the Coriolis force is minimal impact. While the other side of the basketball athletes thrown from the venue, consider the impact of the Coriolis force and the need to adjust their pitching off_set_ of 1.3 cm. When you unplug the rubber stopper sink, you will find sometimes the water is not a counter-clockwise flow away because the Coriolis force is barely enough time to affect the movement of water in such a short distance form the flow of more affected by the shape of the sink faucet or spray angles. Height in the atmosphere, the Coriolis effect is an important factor. In about 5500 meters or higher place, there is no friction with the mountain air, the trees, it can continue to enhance the power and reach an alarming rate. When the pressure difference these winds continue to push the low pressure area, the air will be affected by the Coriolis force and turn, will eventually blow along isobars. TIP: Positioning storms of the 19th century Belgian meteorologist white Belo application Coriolis effect to find a rule, find the nearest storm: In the Northern Hemisphere, when you're standing leeward storm on your left; in the southern hemisphere, then you the right. Presence Objects of non-equatorial regions to the ground to have the direction of horizontal velocity component Size f = 2mvωsinφ (attached proof) m is the mass of the object f is the Coriolis force size v is the velocity of the horizontal component of the object ω is the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation sin is the sine function φ is the object latitude Direction The direction perpendicular to the horizontal component of the velocity of the object, in the northern hemisphere to the right, the left hemisphere Geographical significance For ocean currents, rivers, wind, and other things that have an impact on the level of sport. Coriolis force and life Author: Yaoqing Kui Source: Sichuan Yibin Jiang II Hits: 1543 Update Time :2007-8-16 Horizontal movement along the surface of the object in the Coriolis force acting direction of movement of the shift occurred, so many natural phenomena are affected, but also affects the human production and life, consider the following five cases: (in the northern hemisphere as Example) A water vortex formation. When we turn on the tap water to a plastic bucket, when reservoir water (drainage mouth underwater), the sink drain time, will be seen in the water forming a whirlpool. When water was clockwise, counterclockwise rotation was turn on the water. As shown below: The dotted line is the original direction of flow of surface water, the solid line is the actual flow direction of water. When the bucket next to the water, the water flow from the injection point to the surrounding, the northern hemisphere in the role of the Coriolis force right side, showed a clockwise swirl. It was counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. When the water flows to the lower surface drainage water point in the northern hemisphere tend to turn down the role of the force right side, was counter-clockwise swirl. Southern Hemisphere showed clockwise rotation. But rivers do not necessarily conform to this rule whirlpool, because it affected the characteristics of the riverbed. Well, the reason the toilet flush counter-clockwise flow of opinion is the Coriolis force? Not necessarily. I have little time to look at Popular Science, but also the beginning of the article's argument convinced. Until one day after the rain, I saw the direction of rotation of the above two manhole covers downstairs drainage holes in a clockwise flow is a counter-clockwise, then I will not believe that anymore. If the water drainage holes are really caused by the Coriolis force to spin it, fishes should be the same in both directions, how can a clockwise a counterclockwise it? But this is only an example, it can not explain all of the flow direction of rotation of the drainage holes are not caused by the Coriolis force. But we'll know just a little about the reasons for estimating the flow vortex generated by the Coriolis force is not. Assuming the water almost run faster with Liu Xiang, which is like 10 meters per second, but the speed is completely parallel to the ground. Even so, the acceleration due to the Coriolis force generated by the water it is only up to 0.001 meters per second squared. If the toilet is one meter in diameter, and the water from the toilet side straight into the center of the case, the time to reach the center of the Coriolis force is generated due to the deflection of less than half a millimeter, simply do not produce any tangible significant effects, not to mention that we usually see a whirlpool. If even the high-speed flow in this giant toilet are not produced tangible effect, it even made mention of those poor little toilets and drains, and the game is. In fact, they swirl the toilet drain and the reason is mostly due to the structural problems of their own. Some toilet is specially designed whirlpool flush, so no matter where you put it moved the earth it can only produce the same direction of the whirlpool. For general outfall, due to the structure, and sometimes they would prefer to form a whirlpool in a certain direction, but more often the direction of rotation of the two vortex will appear, do not believe you try to know. Second, the right line of vehicles and pedestrians. Not all countries have the right line of vehicles and pedestrians, but the right line is the most reasonable. As shown below: A Pictured left, the next vehicle in the northern hemisphere the Coriolis force of the right side, middle of the road are biased easier to come across the vehicle and collided with a car accident frequency will be higher. B Pictured right line, under the Northern Hemisphere tend to force the vehicle to turn the role of the right side, are biased street, street car driver attention is focused on the point, the driver will continue to adjust the direction to ensure traffic safety. Line causes the vehicle to the right people the right line, so safer. Due to the long habit, so no matter where people like to walk the right line. Third, wear different shoes around. This phenomenon has been difficult to see the modern, because time is too short to wear a pair of shoes, not obvious. I think people over the age of 40 on this phenomenon in mind. As shown below: This is due to differences in the force which is formed by two shoes. In the Northern Hemisphere, due to the Coriolis force is applied to the right side, so people often find the right shoes to wear more than the left shoe; while the southern hemisphere due to the Coriolis force is applied to the left side, so the left shoe to wear more than the right shoes. Fourth, run counter-clockwise on the track line. Run line on the runway, people always like a counterclockwise direction. As shown below: A man is running counterclockwise, right in the corners. As can be seen from the figure, the Coriolis force outside the body to produce a tilt inward centripetal force, force direction opposite to the second, more balanced, easy to fall off the corners. B who is running clockwise, but also just in the corners. As can be seen from the figure, the Coriolis force and centripetal force the body to produce the same direction of a tilted inward, not easy to balance, easy to fall off the corners. Birthplace of humanity in the northern hemisphere, people tend to turn to the long-term impact force formed by the habit, so even to the southern hemisphere, people are still accustomed to such behavior. Fifth, machinery and equipment are clockwise. We have seen fans, motors, diesel engines, turbines, etc. are clockwise. As shown below: As can be seen from the chart, clockwise in the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis force is pointing axis, has a central role in the matter, so that mechanical devices are more durable and more secure. The counter-clockwise rotation bias force from time to point, there are centrifugal movement of material, machinery and equipment are easily damaged and shorten life. To see the effect of a weak whole thing generated, the best way in the process of large-scale and prolonged observation inside it. As the old saying goes, "Audio Bible", as long as the time is long enough, there is no effect is not observed. For example, river, endlessly flowing rivers for thousands of years, the role of the Coriolis force tend to the right side of the river, so the right bank of the river is always scouring, while the left bank of the river due not so much toward it, and the flow rate is slow, so often there is sand accumulation. Another example of railway, every day hundreds of tons of weight on top of the train along the same direction to a hundred miles an hour speed speeding forward, so that over time will produce wear. And it was found in the northern hemisphere, have always worn the right track to be worse than the left track a little bit, because that is when the train will be the role of walking right Coriolis force, in which case the right to bear pressure on rail larger than the left rail so little, so of course wear it even more. If you look at the words on a large scale, the Coriolis force will show his true colors. I grew up in coastal areas, will experience several times a year less typhoon. If we look at the satellite image above, then the typhoon in the northern hemisphere are all outward clockwise rotation, the Coriolis force which is playing tricks. Near the ground, the air pressure at the center of the typhoon will be particularly low, so the wind is blowing to the typhoon center. And when the air went to the center of the typhoon so much, they have no place to go, so we have to climb along a rotating wall of the eye, and then you get to the top [Note 2]. At the top they have no place to go still, after blowing out. At this time, we came to the interference of the Coriolis force, so that the air flow direction gradually shifted to the right, so we can see this is outside the typhoon blew himself a clockwise on satellite images (this is 2007 Typhoon No. 8 San Pa):
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Appendix: About Creo force more stringent mathematical proof
(Self-study purposes only, not authoritative) First, the movement into the weft (denoted by the same velocity vx, the positive direction of the Earth's rotation direction) and warp (speed denoted vy, positive direction from south to north), and let the earth radius R, the Earth's angular velocity ω, body mass To m, latitude θ (latitude positive, negative latitude), all calculated to ignore the revolution. 1 weft direction If the object is stationary, then the velocity relative to the sun v0 = ω * R * cos θ ...... ① By centripetal force fn0 = v0 ^ 2 / (R * cos θ) * m ...... ② At this relatively geostationary and therefore suffered centripetal force is fn0, the force component in the direction parallel to the earth is the centripetal force component in the direction parallel to the ground, i.e. fn0 * sin θ When the object along the weft direction movement velocity vx, the sun relative velocity v = vx + v0 By centripetal force fn '= (vx + v0) ^ 2 / (R * cos θ) * m ...... ③ At this time suffered the Earth's gravity, and other supportive force in a direction parallel with the ground unchanged at fn0 * sin θ. But solidarity has become fn '* sin θ. In terms of the Earth's non-inertial reference system, the object by force of inertia: fn = fn '* sin θ-fn0 * sin θ ...... ④ ① ② ③ ④ obtained from the: fn = (2vx * v0 + vx ^ 2) / (R * cos θ) * m And because vx << v0, so fn ≈ 2 * vx * v0 / (R * cos θ) * m * sin θ = 2 * vx * ω * m * sin θ In the opposite direction with the fn 'direction, that is in the northern hemisphere to the right, the left hemisphere 2 warp direction (For reference only and are not familiar with calculus can skip directly to see qualitative analysis) On the latitude θ objects, their latitude line speed v0 = ω * R * cos θ With θ as the independent variable, for v0 derivative was dv0 =-ω * R * sin θ dθ ...... ① For the movement of objects along the warp, the warp direction of its angular velocity ω = dθ / dt = vy / R ...... ② ② ① into too dv0 =-vy * ω * sin θ dt Finishing that a = dv0/dt =-vy * ω * sin θ And the object velocity v along the meridian is also rotating with the Earth's rotation, acceleration v * ω * sin θ, prove the same centripetal acceleration, a little here This is the acceleration of the object with respect to earth, the object relative to the earth's acceleration a = vy * ω * sin θ + v * ω * sin θ = 2 * vy * ω * sin θ This is the acceleration force generated Creo, the Creo force f = m * a = 2vy * ω * m * sin θ Same direction as the Earth's rotation direction (all variables is positive), and then infer the northern hemisphere to the right, the left hemisphere Qualitative Analysis: The closer to the equator, the greater line speed, and if the speed of the weft direction of the object remains constant, and the movement along the meridian to the equator, the linear velocity of the object will be less than the line speed of the Earth, the surface is subjected to Coriolis force is pulled slowly, while along the warp speed of movement itself is also changing with the Earth's rotation, acceleration, direction identical with the former. Other cases with this empathy. 3 In summary: An object with the velocity v (v = √ (vx ^ 2 + vy ^ 2)), by Creo force f = m * √ (4 * vx ^ 2 +4 * vy ^ 2 ) * ω * sin θ = 2mv * ω * sin θ, the direction of the northern hemisphere to the right, the left hemisphere, no force on the equator. The author is an ordinary high school students, omissions, errors do occur, but also hope that teachers exhibitions Expert (There are problems linked duguxy@gmail.com) 1 In the mechanics inside, in order to study the movement, we certainly have to first assume that some things are not moving. We assumed these things do not move, coupled with a bell, is a reference system. For example, when the train, on the ground who think the earth is not moving, their frame of reference is the earth, the people inside the train tens of kilometers per hour, of course, is to stop the rate of speeding forward. But for people on the train, they see the car seat ah ah do not like the table is the rapid movement of the way, so they will definitely think that this train is not moving, their frame of reference is the train. In this case, in their eyes it seems that they themselves did not move, but is on the ground who have no credentials to tens of kilometers per hour in motion yet. So, is there in some of these reference system is special it? Some. If we were still train as an example, then, when the train uniform motion we certainly do not feel anything, but if the train brakes, then everyone will have a pair of like being invisible hand pushing forward tossed away. If a reference system often have this unprovoked "force", then it is really too much trouble, so we define a bunch of special reference system, mutual or mutual between them still do uniform motion, but they are in the Objects are never subject to a number of objects did not force force, inertial we call them, because in inertial frames inside the object, or is not moving, or is kept uniform linear motion, "Do not touch the brick wall does not look back . " And not all inertial reference frame we are called non-inertial reference frame, which is a very unimaginative name. In a non-inertial reference frame objects are sometimes subject to some inexplicable force did not know where it came from, these forces are called inertial force, because they object itself is actually a reflection of the inherent inertia. 2 although in this case, the Coriolis force is to the right of the wind side, but from the specific calculation we can know that it is still produced when swirl counterclockwise inwardly, i.e. clockwise outwardly.