Also known as "yam bean," a tropical twining plant, with a turnip-like root, as lettuce, raw or cooked edible pods, seeds and oil produced rotenone
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No. 2
地瓜
Sweet potato, sweet potato
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Sweet potato alias
Sweet potato alias. Also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, etc.. Qing Wei, "Sheng-wu mind" 大: "city with sweet potatoes, vegetables, oil residue of oil making sufficient food." Zhou Libo, "Storm" Part II 29: "header back to you love to eat sweet potatoes, I asked the old Plough to some seeds, and give you kind of thing. "
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No. 4
地瓜
地瓜
地瓜
Sweet potato (also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, potato, Fan mushrooms, sweet potatoes, sand grandmother)】 【synonym Kwa, Bitter Melon, cold potato, melon Ge, Kudzu, soil radish ("China Medicine Plants Chi"), grass melon Ru ("Lu Chuan Materia Medica"), Turnips, ground radish (Jiangxi "Herbal Handbook"). Mainly refers to sweet potato in Northern (sweet potato, sweet potato); and southern parts of that yam bean (Turnips) is a different species. Sweet potato: Convolvulaceae, sweet potato is an important cultivated species, also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, potato, soil melon, red melon. Sweet potatoes originated in South America, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico area, because of its wide adaptability, reproductive ability, easy cultivation, high yield steady income, nutrient-rich, versatile features, the world has 111 countries or areas planted sweet potatoes, of which 101 are developing countries. The first batch of sweet potato in Europe is brought back by Columbus in 1492, and then introduced by the Portuguese in Africa, Asia, passed by the Pacific Islands. Sweet potatoes were first introduced in China in the Ming Dynasty Wanli, Hausdorff and Packing was frequented by overseas Chinese in Fujian Luzon (now Philippines) business, find the sweet potato produced the highest yield of Luzon, so he patiently grown by local farmers to learn the law. Later, after the promotion of Chen family, the sweet potato are widely cultivated in the country. The main producing areas in the north latitude 40 ° south. Currently the production of sweet potato in the world total output of grain alignment for the first seven, it is expected to rise in the 21st century the world's fifth largest food. In recent years, the world's total cultivated area of sweet potato stable at 940 million hectares, total about 13,000 tons. Among them, Asia is the world's leading sweet potato producing areas, the planting area and output are the world's 80% and 90% or more. Sweet potato cultivation in China over 400 years of history. According to historical records, the cultivation of sweet potato is widely distributed across the south from the South China Sea Islands, Inner Mongolia, northwest of Shaanxi, Gansu and the Xinjiang area, the northeast by the Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang extended to the south, arrived in southern Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Southwest. Sichuan Basin, the Huang-Huai, Yangtze River and southeastern coastal provinces is the main producing areas of sweet potatoes. At present, China's total cultivated area of sweet potato to keep the 620 million hectares, production stable at 1 million tons, accounting for 70% of the world and 80%. China has become the world's largest potato producer. Main crops in the country, the sweet potato after rice, wheat and corn, ranking No. 4 Vitamins, containing vitamin b10.12 hectogram mg, vitamin b20.04 mg, vitamin c30 mg, calcium 18 mg, 20 mg phosphorus, iron o.4 mg, niacin 0.5 mg, fiber 0.5 g, carbohydrates 29.5 g, protein 1.8 g, 1.31 mg carotene. With and the benefits of water, the role of the spleen, the sweet potato is a medicine that benefits of water, spleen weight loss food. Sweet potato has the role of Hua Chang, can reduce fat absorption, and sweet potatoes increased food satiety, desire to eat less, so as to achieve the purpose of weight loss are light. Here are several sweet potatoes, eat: 1. Steamed potatoes Ingredients: 500 grams of raw sweet potatoes. Method: Wash sweet potatoes, steam the amount of water, sweet potatoes on the tray, the seal steam 40 minutes Serve. 2. Sweet potato rice porridge Ingredients: sweet potatoes 200 grams, 50 grams of rice. Method: Wash sweet potatoes, cut in irregular pieces, panning clean, do the same wok to cook rice porridge as usual method, for breakfast and dinner daily consumption. 3. Sweet potatoes dry Ingredients: sweet potatoes, 1,000 grams. Method: Wash sweet potatoes, steamed on the pot, let cool for later use to mean the thick long knife and put the curtain on the laundry, pay attention to ventilation, not directly by sunlight, January Serve. 4. Fried to Guapian Ingredients: sweet potatoes, 200 grams, a little oil. Method: Heat the pan on the fire, add a layer of oil, sweet potatoes, washed and cut about 1 cm slices, fry until browned on the pot, fry again turn to brown other side, Guapian soft serve. 1, black sweet potato and its manufacturing method of crystal 2, a production of the sweet potato or potato cakes with a filling of processing methods 3, sweet potato vine cuttings winter sand storage method 4, sweet potato and three-dimensional Wanshou fruit cultivation methods interplanted 5, a sweet potato food processing methods 6, fresh sweet potato powder and production method 7, sweet potato food processing methods 8, sweet potato puffed food manufacturing methods 9, sweet scented and production methods 10, a method of making sweet potato food 11, a method for making sweet potato noodles 12, series of food and production technology of sweet potato 13, a fan for white sweet potato starch production methods for decolorizing colored sweet potato 14, more flavor from Sweet 15, a fine white sweet potato fan of the processing methods 【Name】 sweet potatoes herbs 【Latin Name】 pachyrhizus erosus (l.) urban Soil research】 【name melon, Bitter Melon, cold potato, melon GE, GE potato, turnip soil, grass melon Ru, Turnips, ground radish Source】 【Subject herbal legume dicotyledonous 【】 Jicama medicinal part of the root. The seeds (ground melon seeds) are also available for medicinal purposes. 】 【Tropism of taste, "Lu Chuan Materia Medica": "sweet, cool." In the lungs, stomach and two classics. 【Indications】 Shengjinzhike effect. Government fever, thirst. Dosage Oral: Students taste or cooking.
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No. 5
Sweet potatoes ("China Medicine Plants Chi") Synonyms】 【Kwa, Bitter Melon, cold potato, melon Ge, Kudzu, soil radish ("China Medicine Plants Chi"), grass melon Ru ("Lu Chuan Materia Medica"), Turnips, ground radish (Jiangxi "Herbal Handbook "). 【Source】 is the legume jicama roots. 【Form】 yam bean plant Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei and other places are growing. The seeds (ground melon seeds) are also available for medicinal, and the other details of special articles. 【Collection】 Fall excavation. Chemical Composition】 【roots per 100 grams, 0.56 grams of protein. 0.18 grams of fat, carbohydrate 8.2 grams. Yam bean leaves contain saponins. 】 【Taste, "Lu Chuan Materia Medica": "sweet, cool." 【Indications】 Shengjinzhike function. ① "Lu Chuan Materia Medica": "thirst, cure fever, thirst." ② "Sichuan Chinese Medicine Chi": "only thirsty, drug hangover." Usage and Dosage】 Oral: Students taste or cooking. 】 【Election party the treatment of chronic alcoholism: sweet potatoes mixed with sugar and clothing. ("Sichuan Chinese Medicine Chi")
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Introduction
地瓜 简介
The first promotion of Chen family, the sweet potato are widely cultivated in the country. The main producing areas in the north latitude 40 ° south. Currently the production of sweet potato in the world total output of grain alignment for the first seven, it is expected to rise in the 21st century the world's fifth largest food. In recent years, the world's total cultivated area of sweet potato stable at 940 million hectares, total about 13,000 tons. Among them, Asia is the world's leading sweet potato producing areas, the planting area and output are the world's 80% and 90% or more. Sweet potato cultivation in China over 400 years of history. According to historical records, the cultivation of sweet potato is widely distributed across the south from the South China Sea Islands, Inner Mongolia, northwest of Shaanxi, Gansu and the Xinjiang area, the northeast by the Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang extended to the south, arrived in southern Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Southwest. Sichuan Basin, the Huang-Huai, Yangtze River and southeastern coastal provinces is the main producing areas of sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes, also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sand grandmother)】 【synonym Kwa, Bitter Melon, cold potato, melon Ge, Kudzu, soil radish ("China Medicine Plants Chi"), grass melon Ru ( "Lu Chuan Materia Medica" on), Turnips, ground radish (Jiangxi "Herbal Handbook"). Sweet potato has the role of Hua Chang, can reduce fat absorption, and sweet potatoes increased food satiety, desire to eat less, so as to achieve the purpose of weight loss are light.
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Origin and dissemination of
JB Edmond so that the potato originated in Mexico and from Colombia, Ecuador to Peru in the vicinity of the tropical Americas. A.von Humboldt quoted Ge Mala record: Queen of Spain when Columbus first Ye, who will be dedicated to the New World back to the sweet potato queen. Early 16th century, Spain has been widely planted sweet potatoes. Spanish sailors carried the potato to the Philippines Manila and the Moluccas islands, and then spread throughout Asia. Sweet potato was introduced to China through multiple channels, for about 16 century the Ming Dynasty, "Min book", "agricultural policy book," Dynasty's "Min Zheng book", "Fuzhou Prefecture," and so on all the relevant records. Qing CHEN Shi-yuan, "a teaching record gold potato" cited "collect and record together Minhou Chi": "sweet potato to grow overseas, according to Luzon. Ming Dynasty Fujianese Hausdorff and Packing trade their land, have planted vines and seedlings of the law into China. The value of central Fujian dry hunger. oscillator Jinglun White Dragon King in the governor try to learn Zeng species, the great harvest, eat half of rechargeable Valley. naturally do the land with stony soil planted broadcast. "added:" in order to get the country from the barbarians Hence it is sweet potato. to the public beginning kinds of gold, so again, he said gold potatoes. "Also, according to: The Hausdorff and Packing 6 million and its sub-Yun Sun Chenshi world, has sweet potato propagation in Yinzhou (in Ningbo, Zhejiang), Jiaozhou, Qingzhou (Shandong Province Qingdao, Yidu area), Yuzhou (Henan Zhuxianzhen area) around, gradually spread all over in Zhejiang, twenty years ago when, after the Qing Emperor Qianlong. Department of historical facts above prove that the 16th century potato leaves from Southeast Asia to China, Fujian, Guangdong, then to the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Taiwan Province of dissemination. Currently, China's potato acreage and output in both the first in the world.
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Distribution and cropping systems
Sweet potato producing areas of the world mainly located in the north latitude 40 ° south. Most cultivated area in Asia, Africa, followed by the Americas ranks No. 3. World potato cultivation area in 1985 8.003 million hectares, production was 111,438,000 tons.
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Morphology
地瓜 形态特征
地瓜 形态特征
地瓜 形态特征
Can be divided into fibrous roots of sweet potato roots, roots and tubers three kinds of wood forms. Fibrous roots were fibrous, with root hairs, root depth extension, the general distribution of the 30 cm soil layer, depth may exceed 100 cm, with the function of absorbing water and nutrients. Chai root diameter of about 1 cm long and up to 30 to 50 cm, is encountered during the growth of fibrous roots drought, high temperature, poor ventilation and other reasons, resulting in incomplete development of the abnormal formation of fleshy root, there is no value in use. Roots is a nutrient storage organ, but also for the food part. Distributed in 5 to 25 cm deep soil layer, the first after a long rough stretch, the shape, size, skin color due to variety, soil and cultivation conditions differ, divided into spindle-shaped, cylindrical, spherical and block shaped, skin colored white, yellow, red, pink, purple and other colors, flesh can be divided into white, yellow, yellow, orange or a purple halo. With roots sprouting characteristics, is an important reproductive organs of seedlings. Is the root of the outer skin containing anthocyanins, known as the potato skin, epidermal cells following cortical layers, the inside is the edible part of the center column. There are many vascular center column groups, and primary, secondary, and Sansei cambium, and continue to differentiate into phloem and xylem. At the same time differentiated xylem and secondary, tertiary form a layer, once again divide the juniors, four students of the catheter, sieve and parenchyma cells. Continue to divide the secondary cambium and parenchyma cells filled with large amounts of starch grains, so that roots can rapidly expand. Phloem within the central pillar, with a milk duct cells contain, initially limited to the outer phloem, after the formation of layers can produce a variety of new milk pipes throughout the root, when cut out of the white pulp roots, that the milk tube secretion of milk, containing Mirabilis glycosides. Sweet potato stem creeping prostrate or semi-erect, 1 to 7 meters long, was green, green, violet or purple, brown and other colors. Stem energy adventitious buds, branches and grow hair root, the use of such renewable and strong features, planting vines can be cut reproduction. Ye was born in the internode, leaf arrangement is 2 / 5. Leaves are heart-shaped, kidney-shaped, triangular, and palmately-shaped, entire or with different shades of notch, shape of leaves on the same plant often not the same; green to purplish green, green or purplish veins, parietal and green, brown, purple and other colors. Cyme, axillary, the shape of morning glory, pink or purple. 5 stamens, pistil 1. Capsule suborbicular, with students from 1 to 4 brown seeds. Chromosome number of 2n = 90.
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Physiological characteristics
Growth of sweet potato are generally divided into the hair root, branch, tuber, potato vine and tuber Sheng Long length and 3 period. On the external environmental conditions, such as the following. Hi light is sweet sunshine short day crops, longer stems and leaves using light energy and high efficiency. The longer the stem and leaf growth stage, root accumulation of more nutrients. Abundant sunshine, high temperature and ground temperature, the temperature difference is large, nutrient production, operation and storage alike. After a certain period of the effect of short day, such as the light 8 to 10 hours a day, can promote flowering. Sunshine hours were extended to 12 to 13 hours, can promote root formation and acceleration of Assimilate. Shade intolerant, such as intercropping and crop stalk, prone to cause cuts. Water developed root system, more drought-resistant. Transpiration coefficient between 300 and 500. Maximum water holding capacity of soil moisture to 60 to 80% is appropriate, water holding capacity of less than 50%, the impact of early seedling root length hair. Mycobacterium tuber and the stems and leaves as Sheng Long, the soil water holding capacity should be increased to 70 ~ 80%; late water holding capacity maintained at 60 ~ 70%, enabling rapid root enlargement. Growing season precipitation of 400 ~ 450 mm is appropriate. Within 2 months prior to harvest rainfall should be less, if subjected to waterlogging in this period, yield and quality are affected.
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Cultivation measures
地瓜 栽培措施
地瓜 栽培措施
地瓜 栽培措施
地瓜 栽培措施
地瓜 栽培措施
Characteristics using potato seedlings bred the seeds of sweet potato seedling is an important part of the production. Tuber root marks should use more and more varieties of bud primordia to weighing 100 to 250 grams of good quality summer and autumn for potato tuber. Can take a variety of breeding methods, such as a hotbed of artificial heating, fire pit with a variety of style, or use the thermal properties of microbial decomposition brewing brewing release heat and electric hot hotbed hotbeds and so on. Warming by solar radiation are cooling bed, exposed to plastic film covering hotbeds and mining seedlings □ other. Seedbed stamped plastic film, can improve the air temperature and humidity, are conducive to seedling growth, to increase mining seedlings, seedling weight can increase the percentage of 20% or so. Breeding process, the pre-use high-temperature germination. From seed to Qimiao more than 10 days, the temperature from 35 ℃ decreased gradually and finally reached 28 ℃. About 15 cm height, the temperature gradually dropped from 30 ℃ 25 ℃. Chuangtu suitable for holding water for 70 to 80%, the initial lack of moisture, roots stretch slowly, Ye stems thin, easy to form and old seedlings; water too much, then not enough air, affecting germination; at high temperatures, high humidity, the tender potato seedlings excessive growth. Taken 3 to 5 days before the seedlings must be hardened cooling, the bed temperature maintained at about 20 ℃, relative humidity 60%. Film covering the seedbed in order to avoid high temperature inside, in addition to ventilation, the Chuangtu still maintain a certain humidity to reduce the membrane temperature. Budding process, the potato seedlings nutrient requirements, mainly from the potato supply. However, after stretching or taken root seedlings 2 to 3 times, to increase available nitrogen fertilizer applied nutrition soil or topdressing. Chuangtu loose, oxygen-rich, can enhance respiration, promote metabolism. Severe hypoxia can suffocation death of potato cells, causing seed rot. Plastic film covering, must pay attention to ventilation, is conducive to grow into seedlings. Time because of the way nursery seedlings and different. Heating seedbed usually about 1 month before planting the seedlings, while the cooling bed and field planted seedlings in a half or so before. Seed density per square meter to 23 ~ 32 kg potato appropriate. Seedlings should be adopted in time to avoid affecting the quality of seedlings and the number of seedlings Xiacha. Mining methods are cut seedlings, pulling two. Miao Miao cut the benefits of pulling more than that: ① seed surface is not wound, to prevent bacteria invasion; ② not shake the seed potato root injury; ③ make the base of buds and small branches grow, increasing the amount of seedlings. Seedlings should be cut more than 3 cm from the Chuangtu, head scissor Man planting seedlings, can prevent and production. Generally use the ridge planting, can enhance soil, improving ventilation, heat absorption and heat to speed up, temperature, and also help drainage drought. Where the fall in areas liable to waterlogging and appropriate high density, double-wide ridge yield than the single small ridge. Early plant growth period may be extended in due course, increase significantly. The main producing areas in spring and summer when the soil temperature stability of potato in around 18 ℃, the late planted every day, it will cut 1 to 1.5%; planting seedlings, rooting fast, high survival rate, tuber early, weak seedlings than seedlings more than 10% yield. Density of planting density because of the season, variety, uses, etc. vary. Spring, summer potatoes per acre from 3000 to 5000, autumn and winter potatoes per acre from 4000 to 6000. Sought to stem the growth of peak leaf area index reached 3 to 4.5. Been excised stems and leaves of sweet potato for feed, fertilizer in many conditions, the per mu to 6000 ~ 8000 encryption. Basal fertilizer re-applied manure in North General, and with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the main growth period in nitrogen metabolism, carbon metabolism in the main post. Huang-Huai River Valley deficiency areas should be sprayed in the late fertilizing or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Southern potato hot and rainy areas, emphasizing the many top-dressing, such as topdressing to mention Miaofei after planting, M. tuber tuber of topdressing fertilizer, potato leaf sheng long-term fertilizer topdressing reminder, the late foliage top dressing and so on. Management of early primary is timely fill the gaps with seedlings, cultivation, weed before sealing ridges 2 to 3 times in case of heavy rain washed the earth to be collapsed ridge. Sweet potato vines can damage the stems and leaves turn, up_set_ the uniform distribution of leaves, reduced photosynthetic capacity, nutrient consumption of renewable Shiyou leaves, affecting the normal distribution of plant nutrients caused by production. For topdressing, spraying and other measures, pharmaceutical, to protect the seedlings spread and reduce the leaf damage. Early harvest and late harvest operations quality and tuber yield, drying rate, security, storage and processing are all closely related. Asexual vegetative tuber is no apparent maturity, usually in local average temperature dropped to 12 ~ 15 ℃, low soil moisture in the sunny day, seize the harvest. Received the first breeding potato, potato consumption after the closing. Tuber should always pit entry, shall be promptly cut in some areas drying process. Whether by mechanical or artificial digged, we must minimize the leakage of revenue; the same time to avoid breaking tuber injury, infection or disease during storage easily, resulting in decay. Storage of sweet potato storage area for up north for six months, the outside world climate changes, tuber respiration and still own physiological and biochemical changes caused by the spread of disease susceptibility to rot. Cause tuber rot during storage is mainly due to low temperature, the temperature should be at harvest more than 12 ℃. General use underground storage pits, the pay pool; pit entry thoroughly before cleaning, disinfection, rodent control. Strictly _select_ed sweet potato, remove Popi, off injured, sick, the tubers of cream and water damage, the amount of storage capacity only accounted for 80% of storage pits. Early into the storage temperature required for the healing treatment, cavities heated to 34 ~ 37 ℃, relative humidity 85%, so breaking tuber wound callus, to prevent disease transmission. Ventilation for a short time and then scattered wet pit temperature maintained at 10 ~ 15 ℃, relative humidity 85 ~ 90%; in strengthening the thermal insulation cold late to prevent potato pile was less than 9 ℃ cold damage. The pits before the temperature has gradually increased, attention to short-term ventilation to prevent hypoxia. 60 years since the 20th century, to promote "high-temperature storage of a large house pit method" is safe and effective, and help strengthen the management. 3 to 4 days after the pit entry with high-temperature healing treatment, because of large storage pits and more, you can use the accumulation of heat insulation economy. Fresh potatoes may be sliced or shredded by, dried into dry matter, after wire potato storage, to reduce losses. Water content of dry matter during storage should not exceed 11%. Warehouse with wheat bran, wheat straw BEDDING around cover, so that storage temperature does not exceed 30 ℃. The aim of breeding is to improve breeding and production of starch, protein, carotene content. While making good bud, tuber, storage and other features, and can be drought tolerant, resistant to stains, resistant to lean, resistant to insect pests, can adapt to different seasons of cultivation. Breeding methods such as by clonal _select_ion, breeding goals easier to elect a mutant body. Is the effective introduction and rapid identification methods. Cross-breeding is the use of recombinant clonal _select_ion and breeding methods combined. Department of short day crops of sweet potato in Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian to the south of natural flowering, pollination, seed _set_. Other areas would be to promote the use of artificial induction of flowering, pollination hybridization, access to seed after the cultivation of seedlings; and then apply the asexual reproduction, and then identified by comparing varieties bred several times. Flowering induced grafting method with universal application of short day treatment, sweet potato varieties as scion to related plants as rootstock; scaffolding hanging vines grafted, 8 to 11 hours daily with the short day treatment, and control the temperature when squaring between the 25 ~ 30 ℃. Flowering to avoid pollination by insects. Hybridization between species according to plan, generally 1 to 2 months after the capsule and the seeds mature. In addition, there are inbred breeding, interspecific hybridization, random groups cross breeding. More sweet potato breeding method: ① multi-level propagation method. Application seedbed germination, covering a variety of mining nursery plastic film, multi-planting, the seedlings reproducing seedlings. ② planting method of single leaf section. Man cut when cut into a section for each leaf seedlings, can improve the utilization of potato seedlings. ③ winter breeding method. Seedlings in the seedbed in the winter safely, saving seed, and constantly cut potato vines planted, increasing the propagation coefficient. ④ Excellent Breeding large density method. The potato varieties used to carry out large plants cultivation, cultivating a large number of branches, cut the single or dual seedlings, propagation coefficient is also high.
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Cultivation of new sweet potato varieties and new technologies useful
地瓜 甘薯新品种及丰产栽培实用新技术
Sweet potato is a root crop, is widely used, can do food, feed and industrial crops, planting more than 100 countries in the world. Sweet potato production in the total world food production in seventh. According to FAO statistics, in 2002 the total cultivated area of sweet potato is the world's 9.765 million hectares, production was 136 million tons, with an average yield of 13.9 tons of fresh tubers / ha. China's total area and total production of sweet potato cultivation accounted for 62% of the world and 84%, the average fresh potato yield 19.0 tons / ha. As China's population is growing demand for agricultural products is growing, shrinking arable land, shortage of water markedly effective, the ecological environment is deteriorating. China faces enormous pressure on food demand, a long period of tight grain supply and demand equilibrium. Sweet little input, output and more edible dry matter per unit area ranks first in all crops. Sweet and strong disaster, drought resistance, barren, hilly area can grow, the growth of the crop more difficult to place, sweet potato can get a better yield. With the continued growth of our national economy, agricultural structure adjustment and optimization of the constant, sweet potato, the protection of national food security and energy security is increasingly prominent role. Sweet potato acreage not only has great advantages and great potential yield, and good health care function, high conversion efficiency, in addition to feed and care for food, starch, or ideal resources and energy crops. Many experts believe that: Sweet potato is the 21st century, one of the best food, but, sweet potato is the most important renewable energy raw materials. According to the current situation, present and future for a long period of time, the oil supply situation will become more severe, biomass energy development and use of by the world's attention. Sweet bio high yield, high starch yield, is the ideal raw material to produce fuel ethanol, as a new energy plants has attracted great attention in many countries. "The new energy-specific create new materials and new potato breeding" has been included in the national fifth "863" program designed to cultivate high-yield, high starch content and high resistance to the new energy with new varieties of sweet potato. Sweet as a new energy plant in China will play an important role in energy security. First, the production division of Sweet Potato 1 Division of sweet potato production Sweet potato planting in a wide area of the south from Hainan Province, north to Heilongjiang, Sichuan, west of the western mountains and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, are distributed. Potato growing areas according to climatic conditions, cultivation system, terrain and soil conditions, the general will of the cultivation of sweet potato cultivation is divided into five regions: Northern District of spring potato, spring and summer of Huang-Huai River Valley potato area, the Yangtze River in summer potato area, south summer and autumn potato potato area and the southern area. Areas to the north potato starch processing industry, mainly the Yangtze River area potato as feed, Southern potato area in the food processing industry has more room for development. Southern summer potato area. Including Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan provinces in the south, the northern part of Guangdong and Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou in the south and central Chiayi area to the north. Subtropical humid monsoon climate with frost-free period 290 to 350 days, the average temperature of 18 ~ 23? C, annual sunshine hours 2140 hours 1500, annual rainfall 960 ~ 2690 ml. Summer is usually in May between potato planting, 8 October harvest, usually in the autumn potato early July to early August planting, in late November to early December harvest, sweet potato growing season of about 120 to 150 days. Southern autumn and winter potato area. Area south of the Tropic of Cancer, including the province of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and southern Taiwan. Humid tropical monsoon climate, the average temperature is 18 ~ 25? C, annual sunshine time is 1830 ~ 2160 hours, 1510 ~ 2060 ml of annual precipitation, frost-free period of 325 to 365 days in the hot season of 8 to 10 months. Usually in the autumn potato early July to mid August planting, in mid-November to early December harvest, growing from 120 to 150 days. Autumn and winter planting potato can also be delayed to the second harvest in the spring, a winter potato. The winter is usually in November potato planting, harvest the following year 4 to 5 months, growing 170 to 200 days. In particular, the Hainan tropical rainfall, adequate light and heat, frost-free seasons throughout the year for planting sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes with strong resistance, suitable for growing under various conditions, with great yield potential, and versatile the outlook is promising, with good growth potential and market prospects. Second, the growth of sweet potato 1, the growth characteristics of sweet potato Sweet potato is Convolvulaceae, sweet potato is a perennial or annual herb creeping nature. Native to tropical and subtropical regions, originated in South America, Africa, South Asia. 1), temperature: warm-cold sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes at low temperature on the growth of harmful, when the temperature dropped to 15 ℃, to stop growing, less than 9 ℃, tuber will gradually be subject to chilling injury and decay; shoot when the shoot is by frost quick loss of power and die. In the range of 18 ~ 32 ℃, the higher the temperature, the faster the growth rate of sweet potato, more than 35 ℃ is negative on growth. Root formation and enlargement of the suitable temperature is 20 ~ 30 ℃, 22 ~ 24 ℃ to the most appropriate. 2), water: sweet potato shoots and underground production are high, stems and leaves lush, developed root system, rapid growth, transpiration intensity, so the water demand of life more sweet. It has been determined throughout the growth period of sweet potato, water 400 to 600 per acre to be cubic meters. Huanmiao hair root and branch tuber of the total water consumption of 10 to 15% of the total long-term stem Sheng 40% of water consumption, the rapid expansion of tuber of 35%. Relative soil water content in the early and late growth maintained at 60-70% is appropriate, growth medium is peak leaf growth and tuber enlargement stage, soil moisture content in order to maintain a good 70 to 80%. If too much soil moisture, the oxygen supply problem, the impact of root swelling, and will reduce the dry matter content. 3), light: light sweet hi thermophilic, is a shade intolerant crops. It is basically the accumulation of storage nutrients from photosynthesis. The more light foot on the increase, the better. Light shade leaves by photosynthesis than 6 times the intensity. Inadequate lighting, color yellow, a serious loss. Bad light cut by 20 to 30% of the general, therefore, should not be in the sweet potato intercropping stalk crops. Sweet potato is a short day crop, daily sunshine hours in the range of 8 to 10 hours, to induce flowering and fruiting sweet: long hours of sunshine every day, enabling vegetative growth, to increase production to around 13 hours a day is good. 5) Ventilation: Ventilation should choose open terraces. Late in the growth of sweet potato vine in the thick dense, sweet potato vine between the water vapor the air contains a higher and other harmful gases, is not conducive to plant respiration, but also affect photosynthesis. When plots have good air circulation conditions can be taken away too much moisture, regulate temperature and humidity between the potato vine, the vines grew vigorously, not leggy, and promote the transfer of nutrients to the underground. 6), root formation: sweet potato vine or root for general use asexual reproduction. Sweet Potato Vines Festival as the first occurrence of adventitious roots in sweet potato growth process, fibroblast differentiation and development of adventitious roots and root, root wood and root of three. Figure 1. Fibrous root or fibrous root is also called the fine, thin and long, there are many branches and root hairs, with the function of absorbing water and nutrients. The growth of fibrous roots in the early rapid growth, distribution shallower; late slow growth, and to develop in depth. Fibrous roots were mainly distributed in the soil layer 30 cm deep. Also known as burdock root root wood, when adverse weather conditions, such as adventitious cold wet soil conditions, improper fertilization, such as poor or too much nitrogen, and phosphorus, and potassium is too small, etc., making the root within the organization change, bold way to stop the formation of Chai root. Root nutrient consumption of firewood, non-use value. Storage root tuber, also called, is for human consumption and processing of tubers. Sweet potato roots as nutrient storage organs, is also an important reproductive organ. Roots Festival is spread relatively thick adventitious roots, in soil, light, temperature, water and fertilizer under appropriate conditions, such as grow. Sweet potato grown in more than 5 to 25 cm deep soil layer, very little happens in the soil layers below 30 cm. Root spindle and round and usually have several shapes. Potato basal character of white, yellow, red and purple, the basic colors are white meat, potatoes, yellow, red or a purple halo, potato flesh carotenoid content of flesh-colored shades. 2, sweet potato growing period The study, generally the potato growing season is divided into four periods, but because of species characteristics, cultivation conditions and growth performance of the different, the growth segments of different specific time periods. 1), hair root Huanmiao period: refer to potato planting seedlings, the survival of buried sections of the hair root. On the ground you start to grow new leaves, the seedlings can grow independently, most of the Director of the seedling axillary buds from the stage. 2), M. tuber of: sweet potato roots continue to develop, extend the axillary and main vine, leaf number increased significantly, Zhuman fastest-growing, stems and leaves begin to blanket the ground and sealing ridge. At this time, differentiation of underground adventitious root formation of small tubers, the later the potatoes, basic stability, not increased. Tuber varieties as early as 10 days after the hair around the root formation of roots, to 20 to 30 days have seen a prototype of a small number of the roots slightly. 3), sweet potato vine with long-term: sweet potato stems and leaves covering the ground the maximum leaf area began to bee. Rapid growth of stems and leaves, stem and leaf growth throughout the growing season accounted for about 60 to 70% by weight. Underground tubers with stem growth, photosynthetic products transported to the roots and keep the weight gain was significantly swollen, the root of the total weight of 30 to 50% at this stage of the formation. 4), tuber Sheng Long term: refers to the gloom and doom from the stem and leaf growth until the harvest, and the tuber expanding the center. Start stop long stem, leaf color from dark slowed, lower leaves yellow off. Assimilation shoots to the tubers to speed up delivery, tuber expanding faster weight gain, increasing the weight of the total tuber weight 40 to 50%, higher than 70%, potato savings in the amount of dry matter increased significantly, the quality of improved significantly. Third, sweet potato planting 1, land preparation 1), deep plowing Soil compaction can cause slow growth of sweet potato, even if it is difficult to increase more than fertilizer. Deep plowing can deepen living soil, loose soil aging, enhance decomposition of soil nutrients and improve soil fertility, increase soil water storage capacity, improve soil permeability, is conducive to the deep leaf growth and root development, thereby enhancing the yield of sweet potato. Good soil structure, organic matter content is high, or thick, sticky surface soil should be deep plowing, but generally not more than 40 cm deep plowing but susceptible to over-production. General than shallow plowing deep plowing 15 cm 30 cm 20% yield. Should be in the sunny deep plowing, should not stick in the wet soil tillage, so as to avoid soil compaction. Deep plowing in conjunction with organic manure to increase soil organic matter to improve soil physical and chemical properties, will help improve soil fertility. 2), ridge Sweet potato is mainly grown ridge, ridge advantage over flat planting to increase the surface area increases by the light area and increased soil and atmosphere interface, the temperature difference between day and night, and lower humidity is conducive to the drainage field. When you try to keep the ridge from the ridge line, such as the width of the adjacent plants will cause uneven access to the nutritional difference between, resulting in excessive vegetative growth advantage of plants, and plants may not be adequately weak sunlight and nutrients, affect the growth of uneven production. 2, nursery seedling _select_ion 1), the species to be pure 2), seedlings Use seedlings, removing weak seedling, seedling production and weak seedling can be a difference of 20 to 30%. Seedlings because seedling back fast, high survival rate, the roots grow more roots and strong, strong ability to absorb nutrients. Requires thick potato seedlings have the top, not too long between sections, non-pest symptoms. Milk taken more time as seedlings, indicating that the potato seedlings nutrient rich, strong life force, can be used as a diagnostic indicator of the quality of potato seedlings. Length of potato seedlings are generally 20 to 25 cm, with six expanded leaves good long while potato seedlings with more leaves, transpiration area, returning late seedlings, and seedlings is too short, you need a longer time to achieve The length of normal seedlings, potato seedlings are too short, too long, negative yield. Nurturing seedlings seedling tubers must be used, usually in transplanting the first 100 days, _select_ the appropriate size (single tuber weight of 200 to 300 grams is appropriate), neat uniform, no worms, no wound, potato as a species. First in the 1-meter-wide nursery seed beds, the potato when the potato seedlings grown from 25 to 30 cm in length, that the heel fan seedlings, and the number of false Seeding Day to 6 to 10 nodes when topping Topping promote branching. In the plan to plant 5 to 8 days before the facilities available nitrogen thin tender shoots of seedling cultivation, when the potato seedling length of 25 to 30 cm, seedlings should be planted promptly adopted. Stressed seedlings and tender cut for the first seed collected, cut seedlings should remain within 5 cm head of several branches, but not to stay too long, the new blade, so the cycle cut seedlings. To make use of the first paragraph of seedlings, seedlings should not use the middle (second and third paragraphs seedlings), mainly due to often bring sweet spot, root rot and nematode diseases such as potato pathogens carried in potato buds slowly to the top Ministry moves, though, the seedlings can be largely avoided potato seedlings carry germs, because pathogens move slower than the growth rate of potato buds, most of the pathogens remain in the base near the top of the possibility of ill potato seedlings relatively small. Some places such as Hainan, farmers rarely use potato seedlings, accustomed to years of continuous prosperity vine seedlings, and some also use the second paragraph of the seedlings, resulting in sweet potato varieties types of degradation and decline, which is Hainan, one of the main reasons for low yield of sweet potato . 3), sweet potato seedling Tuodu Free sweet potato is a potato using biotechnology to clean out the viruses and virus-free sweet potato seedling bred to restore good species, and improve yield and quality. At present, China mainly uses the "tissue culture" of the technology for breeding potato seedling shoot tips after detoxification, the main measures include the Tissue Culture and soil tender tip cuttings seedlings and so on. 4), sterile insect Sterilization: The primary purpose is to prevent disease caused by the occurrence of the old seedlings. Method is the use of rubber suspension agent carbendazim 40% or 70% thiophanate-methyl 50 times 700 times, the base of the potato seedlings soak 6 to 8 cm section of 10 to 15 minutes. Insecticide: Seed Insect killing, such as insecticide dimethoate can be used to prepare the first Pensha mining fields of sweet potato seedlings to plant before the dimethoate can be used 500 times in the head dip of sweet potato vine 1-2 minutes. 3, planting 1), planting time Southern summer potato area, including Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan provinces in the south, the northern part of Guangdong and Guangxi, the summer is usually in May between potato planting and autumn potato usually early in July to early August planting. Southern autumn and winter potato areas, including the province of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and the southern part of Taiwan, usually in the autumn potato early July to mid August planting, and winter in the November general planting potato. Hainan is superior because of climate the whole year can be kind, but winter sweet rice is better, and its advantages: First, make full use of fallow fields, the heat gradually when the climate was cooler, in line with the requirements of sweet potato the whole growing season, post-favorable starch accumulation of soil and cropping system conducive to the growth of sweet, reduce pests and diseases, easy access to high quality sweet potato, the second is the off-season production, fresh sweet potatoes can be exported to the mainland and exports Japan and South Korea and other countries. 2), rational close planting 2500 ~ 4000 mu transplanting, to a certain density, the general level of yield increase with the increase in high density, and medium-sized potato rate decreased with the increased level of high density, if it is used as food, do not need a large potato, may be appropriate to close planting , small potato harvest, easier to market. Generally 1 meter wide ridge, 25 to 35 cm high ridge, about 3,300 per acre the most appropriate interpolation. Pay attention to the spacing consistent transplanting, spacing evenly, close together are likely to cause the two to become vulnerable plants. 3), planting method Sweet potato planting methods more, mainly in the following five kinds of planting method, the level of planting method generally is better shown in Figure 2. Horizontal planting method: shoot length of 20 to 30 cm, located in each section Zaimiao buried under the soil surface, shallow depth of about 5 cm soil layer. This method is basically the same tuber condition, most of the nodes can take root tuber, very few empty sections, tuber and more uniform, better conditions for water and fertilizer plots, over a large area of high yielding and more using this method. But the drought is poor in case of high temperature and drought, infertile soils and other adverse environmental conditions, can easily appear Quezhu or weak seedling. In addition, tuber number and more difficult to ensure that all the tubers have adequate nutrition, resulting in more than a small potato to affect production. Fresh potato production and consumption of the case, the small potato but a good many sales. Xiecha law: short seedlings for planting, seedling length of 15 to 20 cm, 10 cm Zaimiao buried, the ground Liumiao 5 to 10 cm, potato seedlings slope of 45 degrees. Characterized by a simple planting, the upper section of potato seedlings buried bit more and bigger tuber, tuber fewer nodes and lower small tuber size is not uniform. Advantage of better drought tolerance, high survival rate, plant tuber few and concentrated, mountains and water sources suitable for dry land. Close planting may be appropriate to strengthen the fertilizer and water management, for large and high yield potato. Bottom-shaped planting method: in shallow soil at the base of seedlings within 2 to 3 cm, the central sections slightly deep, 4 to 6 cm soil layer. For fertile soil, deep soil, water and fertilizer conditions are good plots. As more nodes buried, with the level of interpolation, and Xiecha law advantages. The disadvantage is buried deeper nodes, such as heavy clay soil mismanagement or other reasons, not tuber prone to an empty section, so pay attention to the central node is not _insert_ed too deep, sand to be darker, more clay to be shallow. Direct planting method: the use of short seedlings soil line, buried 2 to 4 nodes. Advantage is large potato is high, drought, Huanmiao fast, for barren hillsides and drought plots. The disadvantage is tuber small number of close planting should ensure production. Pressure interpolation vine: going to the top of the potato seedlings, all the pressure in the soil, potato leaves exposed surface, after a good plant, with soil compaction watering. Advantage is the plug to go sharp, destroyed apical dominance, axillary bud cuttings can early on_set_, steadily branching and rooting tuber sprouting, as many leafy stems, potatoes and more potatoes for large and difficult to excessive growth. Drought drawback is poor performance of work, it should only a small area of cultivation. 4, planting considerations 1), and shallow planting. As the soil loose, good ventilation, large temperature difference between day and night soil most conducive to the formation and enlargement of tubers, therefore, when the potato planting seedlings should not be buried deep part of Yi Qian, under the premise of ensuring the survival of the implementation should be planted shallow. Shallow planting depth in the soil moisture conditions by 5 to 7 cm is appropriate, planted deep in the dry land also should not exceed 8 cm. However, strong sunlight and to dry conditions, pay attention to if too shallow planting, due to strong surface drying and transpiration, potato seedlings difficult long roots, stems and leaves dry easily, resulting in Seedlings Deficiency, should consider the appropriate measures such as deep planting. 2), increased the number of potato seedlings buried section. This is conducive to multiple potato seedling roots, easy to survive, tuber, high yield. Buried depth sessions should be combined with the planting, buried nodes to be buried in the soil is conducive to good root formation, and therefore use a short 20 to 25 cm planting seedlings as well, buried sessions usually 4 to 6 . 3), potato seedlings after transplanting to keep upright. Potato seedlings upright stems and leaves do not touch with the surface to avoid burns caused by high temperatures after transplanting due to the surface to form weak seedling or dead seedlings. Fourth, field management At present, many parts of the potato variety in the dry, thin soil, low fertility and poor in some places it is planted sweet potatoes year after year, the soil without rotation and leisure, the soil reduced ability to retain water and nutrients, soil water and fertilizer can not meet the conditions requirements of high-yield growth of sweet potato, which is one of the main low-grade low yield of sweet potato. 1, fertilization Sweet potato root system, and the creeping vine growth, node can be met soil roots are strong uptake. Sweet potato main absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and its requirement to a maximum of potassium, nitrogen, followed by P ranks third. Sweet potato leaf nitrogen can promote the growth of photosynthetic area to expand, thereby increasing the photosynthetic capacity, directly increase stem production. Early nitrogen can promote faster hair Early Sweet, multi-branched, stems and leaves quickly long ridge closure as soon as possible, to lay the foundation for the high yield. Such as nitrogen supply, the slow-growing stems and leaves, leaf size, color of light, poor plant growth, and ultimately affect the production. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer or too late, can easily cause corruption stems green soaring, tuber adverse affect production. Nutrient phosphorus can accelerate the synthesis and operation of sweet potato to improve potato quality, deficiency stems pumilum small, not shiny dark green leaf color, leaf aging macular appear later turned purple off. Potassium can promote the formation of layers of sweet potato roots activities, so that the roots continue to expand in the late growth, potassium can play to improve the synthesis of carbohydrates, sweet potatoes and operation capacity, and promote root enlargement, weight gain and improve the quality of the role. Potassium growth stage, plant internodes short, leaves small, leaf does not stretch; growth in the latter part of potassium deficiency, stems and leaves slow growth, severe yellowing of leaves. 1), Miaofei: ground or ridge in the rake when applied per acre foot of soil and other organic fertilizers burned 1 to 3 tons, 20 to 30 acres of P fertilizer kg. Potato seedlings _insert_ed before the heart of urea in the ridge and fertilizer, and mulch, put or put potato seedlings, and then covered with earth, It will save labor, fertilizer and potato seedlings not exposed seedlings to prevent injury, but also an early seedling stage absorption of fertilizer nutrients, early rapid fire. Such as land preparation and Chamiao when no fertilization, but also in 7 to 15 days after planting, when seedlings and leaf erect Huiqing, immediately applied Miaofei early, shower facilities are generally adequate human waste, or urea and compound fertilizer, the general Mushi 10 kg and 20 kg of urea fertilizer (15:15:15). 2, 1 month after species, re-Shi Zhuang potato fertilizer, general Mushi 15 to 20 kg of urea, potassium chloride 20 to 30 kilograms, can both sides of the furrow fertilization. Conditionally withdrawn in appropriate facilities Ridge plant ash or burned soil. 3, 3 months after species, see the end of growing fat fitness facilities strong, late maturing varieties of sweet potato or later before considering growing worse, is generally not applied. 2, irrigation, weeding, cultivation, earth up, turn spread Irrigation, weeding, cultivation, earth advantage: plenty of water and ventilation favorable potato yield and quality, and can control pests and diseases. When the weather is dry evaporation, mainly dry and crack under the ridge to determine irrigation, generally half of a water irrigation. Irrigation to full irrigation through the ridge, general when more than half of the flooding over ridge to observe whether the water gradually to the ridge top can be wet, sprinkling water will have to see if wet ridge. A little dry after irrigation ditches and other non-stick mud, that is, to weeding, cultivation, and earth, covered with loose soil surface crack every ridge to prevent weevil and stem borer and other soil pests bore into roots and vines ridge in the Zhu Shi head affecting the yield and quality. Whether or not the irrigation after the full growth period of sweet potato irrigation of drought, may at any time with Qigou mud covered every crack Qimian, control pests and diseases. Before and after planting, watering should be appropriate to protect and promote long life. Ridge at the seedling stage before closure, combined with fertilization, tillage 1 or 2 times, cut off the capillary surface and reduce evaporation. When the basic coverage of stems and leaves of sweet potato ridge surface, it is not pulling the potato vines, stems and leaves to prevent the disruption of the normal distribution and damage roots, photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, and use of potato vine adventitious roots absorb water drought. As the current number of new sweet potato breeding goal is a short vine and vine varieties less hair roots, therefore, generally do not advocate turning twisting. However, continuous heavy rainfall or continuous rainy days, it will lead to excessive growth of sweet potato vine, and grow new roots, which will increase the nutrient loss, and difficulty in the latter part of the new root tuber, even if the potatoes are small, should be properly controlled vine length and turning inhibit the vine long root. Man Man should be mentioned turning to quit caving in situ, not turn the original normal distribution of random leaf, in particular, anti-stem put, take longer time to recover, it will seriously affect the photosynthesis and yield. Fifth, pests and diseases The main diseases of sweet potatoes are sweet spot, stem nematode disease of sweet potato, sweet potato soft rot, Ralstonia solanacearum, potato scab, fusarium wilt, root knot nematode disease of sweet potato, sweet potato root rot, purple potato and sweet potato virus disease patterns feather disease. The main pests of sweet potato weevils, mole crickets, beetle, cutworms, convolvuli and so on. Sweet potato pest control, insist on prevention first, mainly in the most damaging weevil. Weevil proposed integrated control measures: 1), cropping system; 2), many diseases and insect pests of sweet potato fields, the irrigation kill Insect, full rake Fanshai soil, and use "good winter" and "insecticidal Dan" and other soil treatment agent treatment; 3), Insect killing seedlings, pesticides, etc. can be Pensha dimethoate for mining fields of sweet potato seedlings to plant before the dip can be used 500 times dimethoate the base of sweet potato vine 1 to 2 minutes , species after 1 week, playing a dimethoate or trichlorfon (normal dosage), aimed at the first spray potato seedlings and vines, or 500 times with 80% trichlorfon Man watering head 1 or 2 times, you can kill a small weevil. Do not have full use of these control measures should be used flexibly depending on the circumstances, dimethoate and other pesticides according to the normal instructions are used. Other major pests of sweet potato leaf beetle, sweet potato moth, Spodoptera litura, etc., can be used dimethoate, dichlorvos and fenitrothion and other pesticides, according to the normal instructions are used, in the afternoon Pensha. The main potato disease control measures: 1), the choice of resistant varieties, seed and seedlings diseases attention quarantine; 2) to develop disease-free seedlings, never choose to stay disease-free seed potatoes ward and seedlings, or use detoxification seedlings; 3), with 50% or 50% carbendazim dip potato vine thiophanate-methyl 500 times more than 2 minutes, dry it after planting; 4), Daejeon that removal of diseased plants should be immediately destroyed, and with more than 50% 1000 times benomyl spray, depending on the circumstances, continuous spray 1 time every 7 days until eradication; 5), clean thoroughly sick harvest plants, focusing on cropping system, strengthening water and fertilizer management, attention to drainage, ventilation, appropriate growth Shi plant ash and lime, so that robust plant growth, enhance resistance to disease. Six new varieties introduced At present, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Commodities Information collected more than 100 domestic and sweet introduction of new germplasm, new varieties of sweet potato is the pilot of the South Area, is part of the promotion screening and the high forage yield and quality of new varieties of food, water and fertilizer in good condition and under the control of pests and diseases, planting 4 months of average yield of fresh tubers up to 2 to 3 tons. In the future, at home and abroad will continue to introduce high yield and quality and specificity of new varieties of sweet potatoes, through the "farmer participatory", "home technology", "research + Government", "research + business" and test ways to promote and establish various forms of composed of agencies and agents to promote the cooperation of the network, speed up the promotion of new varieties of sweet potato to promote new technologies and industrialization. First, new agricultural No.: 1999 by the Centre bred. The large leaf variety, depth, notch, parietal purple, vine 1 m long, life is not turning vine, tuber concentration, tuber large and neat, light red skin, yellow flesh, high starch content, sugar content of up to 15% of the surface of sweet taste, is used along with varieties of spring potato yield per mu of up to 7,000 kg, 3,500 kg per mu in summer potato. Second, the new agricultural 四号: by Beijing 553, S52-7, made in Japan Gold potato crossbred. It has inherited the quality of Beijing 553, S52-7 in high yield, the Japanese gold potato and potato-based nutritional beautiful features. The leaf is five teeth, dark green leaves, vine length of 50-80 cm (special short-vine), open pink flowers, potato spindle type for long, yellowish skin color, flesh-colored apricot, tuber early high yield jin per mu can reach about drought Naifei, more resistant to poor soil. Sugar, soluble sugar and vitamin content, cooked sweet face, rich flavor, is fresh, Zhengkao, processing potato varieties Preserved. Third, Sushu 八号 (yellow): special high yield, early maturity, especially new varieties of disease-resistant sweet potato, potato 八号 from red Pisu bred. Characteristics: short vine type, the average vine length 70-80cm, tuber concentrated, smooth, yellowish skin color, flesh orange, sweet potato per-mu yield of 15,000 kg in spring and summer potato 7,000 pounds or more, 13.4% sugar content, the dry rate of 23%, excellent quality, raw food, cooked food can be. Fourth, virus-free Beijing 553: parietal purple, leaf green, leaf re-notch shallow, creeping plant type, stem color green belt, purple, stem, vine length of 2.53 meters, the base of many branches, long spindle tuber shape, skin color cinnamon, apricot flesh. Bud, good yield of 6,000 kg of fresh tubers, cut dry rate of 25%, early tuber, swelling fast, neat concentrated than dark spots and stem nematode resistance, drought Naifei, more resistant to poor soil. Cooked soft and sweet, raw food crisp, Zhengkao may be, is preserved in the main processing potato varieties. Fifth, the Japanese gold potato: from Japan, five-toothed leaves, dark green leaves, vines about 70 cm long, orange skin, crimson flesh. Features: Special anti-cropping, high disease resistance, high vitamin content, taste great, so jin per mu, is the current sweet treasures. VI Xinong 431: baked potato is a type of processing early maturing variety, by the Northwest Agricultural University, Professor Zhu Guangjun cultivation. Length of 11.5 meters in the vine, branch 57, stem length of adventitious roots less difficult leggy, do not turn spread. Spindle tuber, vine skin smooth, orange, deep orange flesh, sweet taste of sand surface, good taste. Adaptability, Spring 8000 kg per mu, potato, potato summer 4000 pounds or more per mu. VII, No. 1 new argument: the variety of new music from the City Centre for Agricultural potato industry in 2005 to introduce the latest, high-ranking official taste good, 7,000-8,000 kg per mu. Spindle-shaped potato, potato skin purple, light yellow flesh potatoes, cut dry rate of 33%, higher than the 18 Xushu 3 percentage points. Heart toothed leaf, stem and leaves are green parietal lobe, branching and more vine length, growing strong, drought resistance. Tuber number and concentration of both the spring and summer planting. Cooked sweet face, rich flavor, good adaptability of the species, do not choose the soil suitability wide. VIII, detoxification Xushu 18: leaf green, leaf heart-shaped to lobed complex notch, creeping plant type, stem color green belt purple, stem, vine length 22.5 m, base branching and more long spindle tuber shape, purple skin color, flesh white. 30% of dry cutting, tuber neatly concentrated, anti-root rot, drought Naifei, output per mu is about 6,000 pounds. IX, special varieties - U.S. special short black potato vine: the potato spindle-shaped, almost black purple potato skins, meat Zihei bright, than the "purple mountains of Sichuan," darker, cooked, black, sweet face sand, excellent taste , nutrients than other sweet potatoes twice as high in selenium, an anti-cancer food, per-mu yield of 6,000 kilograms.
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Use and processing
Sweet potato nutrients such as carotene, vitamin B1, B2, C and iron, calcium and mineral content were higher than rice and wheat flour. Africa, Asia, some countries use this as the staple food; also can create fans, cakes, jams and other foods. Industrial processing to fresh potato starch or dry matter extract, widely used in textile, paper and pharmaceutical industries. Hydrolysis products of sweet potato starch dextrin, maltose, fructose, glucose and so on. Brewing Industry Aspergillus fermentation of starch saccharification, producing alcohol, white wine, citric acid, lactic acid, monosodium glutamate, alcohol, acetone and so on. Roots, stems, green leaves can be processed into feed or fermented feed, feed nutrients than the average 3 to 4 times higher; also be used fresh potatoes, stems and leaves, dry matter made of mixed feed with other agricultural products.
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Methods of food
地瓜 食用方法
Here are several sweet potatoes, eat: 1. Steamed potatoes Ingredients: 500 grams of raw sweet potatoes. Method: Wash sweet potatoes, steam the amount of water, sweet potatoes on the tray, the seal steam 40 minutes Serve. 2. Sweet potato rice porridge Ingredients: sweet potatoes 200 grams, 50 grams of rice. Method: Wash sweet potatoes, cut in irregular pieces, panning clean, do the same wok to cook rice porridge as usual method, for breakfast and dinner daily consumption. 3. Sweet potatoes dry Ingredients: sweet potatoes, 1,000 grams. Method: Wash sweet potatoes, steamed on the pot, let cool for later use to mean the thick long knife and put the curtain on the laundry, pay attention to ventilation, not directly by sunlight, January Serve. 4. Fried to Guapian Ingredients: sweet potatoes, 200 grams, a little oil. Method: Heat the pan on the fire, add a layer of oil, sweet potatoes, washed and cut about 1 cm slices, fry until browned on the pot, fry again turn to brown other side, Guapian soft serve.
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Therapeutic value
Leguminous vine jicama tuber. Also known as Kwa, Bitter Melon, cold potato, potato melon. South China, Southwest China and Fujian and Taiwan are cultivated. Fall harvest, washed, torn skin, fresh use. [Performance] Sweet, cool. Chufan to heat, thirst. [Reference] carbohydrate, protein, calcium, phosphorus and jicama sapogenin, yam bean flavonoids and other ingredients. [Use] for stomach heat and thirst, or excessive drinking; thermal injury body fluid, dry stool guitar. [Usage] raw food, Jiao Zhi, or Jiantang service. [Note] spleen Deficiency should not take. Constipation are required to chew the product. [With square] Sugar Bitter Melon: Fresh sweet potatoes, 120 ~ 240g, sliced, plus amount of sugar mixed with food. Its function is as above. For fever, thirst, constipation, or chronic alcoholism.
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Medicinal Value
【Name】 sweet potatoes herbs 【Latin Name】 Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban Soil research】 【name melon, Bitter Melon, cold potato, melon GE, GE potato, turnip soil, grass melon Ru, Turnips, ground radish Source】 【Subject herbal legume dicotyledonous 【】 Jicama medicinal part of the root. The seeds (ground melon seeds) are also available for medicinal purposes. 】 【Tropism of taste, "Lu Chuan Materia Medica": "sweet, cool." In the lungs, stomach and two classics. 【Indications】 Shengjinzhike effect. Government fever, thirst. Dosage Oral: Students taste or cooking.
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Alternative role of sweet potatoes
In the fantasy novel industry, increase the magic of sweet potatoes is fantastic food. From "I am Grand Master."
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"Little Fairy" role
TV series "Little Fairy", the actor Dong / Tong Yuan (Hu Ge decoration) of the nickname as "sweet potato", Yiyu the others with sincerity, honest, loyal to the personality Shiko Sweet potato balls Southern region of Fujian cuisine: sweet potato balls (also known as sweet potato balls) Sweet potato balls: potato pill, is composed of skin and stuffing. Sweet potato balls with high quality vanilla and sweet potato skin as raw materials (Sweet potato, taro boiled in a pressure cooker) from sweet potatoes, fragrant, sweet potato flour and flour made from synthesized bunched up into the mud There wrapped in seaweed, lean meat, oysters, fish that can be cooked like to do when the mud in the synthesis of a small piece Manipulated after flattening, pressing into the thumb to the middle, so turn the soil with your fingers, slowly rotating the thin skin Then, after Stir seafood, vegetables, lean meat and other fillings, clip out a small piece into the intradermal Seal the mouth and then rub the two, as a sphere, a sweet potato balls and you're done Package that can also be steamed like a tiger to eat, and delicious steamed than boiled, taste it Q.
