Garden. Sites in the eastern part of Beijing's Haidian District. The beginning of the Ming private garden, within the Qing government, after normalization. 1709 for the four sub-Chee Wong Park. After following the expansion of its east and south adjacent building attached to the principal of Spring Garden and Chi Chun (later changed Wanchun) Park, collectively known as Yuanmingyuan Park III. Between Jiaqing continued upgrading. The size of the park are more than 120 buildings to the main water features, with a total area of about 350 hectares, known as "the garden park." 1860 by British and French troops burned. 1983 Beijing Municipal Government funding repairs, 10000 Spring Garden, Fuhai, Blossoms array (European maze), etc. to restore one by one, known as "the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park."
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yuán míng yuán
Chinese Qing Dynasty Royal Regency. Western suburbs of the East Summer Palace in Beijing. Was originally bestowed by Emperor Kangxi in 1709 villa, built in 1725 after the Yongzheng reign as Yuan You. Qianlong big plus when the expansion. Yuan Ming Yuan Ming Yuan usually, Changchun, Yee Chun San Yuen. Built in the lake-covered plain, an area of 320 hectares, 35% water. In addition to the axis of Yuanmingyuan's fair and square front and back of the house of Kyushu, the Qing palace banquet two buildings with nature, the other group the size of hundreds of buildings are located in the lake on the island's landscape architecture, where the latter lake, Fuhai the most intense scenery. 3 Park in 1860 by British and French troops burned down to just a "Western House" hold Duanbicanyuan
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清 代名园之一
Qing Dynasty famous gardens. Haidian in Beijing near the site. Formerly Ming hometown. Kangxi gave eight Yin zhen (Yongzheng). Yongzheng's reign, a large increase expansion, Qianlong heel to sit, to be completed around the beginning Jiaqing Fuhai of Yuanmingyuan, Wanchun, Changchun Garden, collectively, the "Summer Palace." Quanta around the garden more than twenty years, half water, half land, landscaped pool garden at that time a number of features of South, set the essence of ancient Chinese art of garden, known as "the garden of the Garden." Xianfeng years British and French troops looted the garden Zhen Wu, and burned. Today the only remaining traces.
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Yuanmingyuan Contact Address
Yuanmingyuan Contact Address: No. 28 Qinghua West Road Postal Code: 100084 Phone: 62543673 Summer Palace, Beijing Tourist Complaint Complaint Phone :010 -65,130,828 State Tourism Tel :010-65275315 Complaint honor national heritage conservation units Yuanmingyuan Yuanmingyuan area ticket price of 10 yuan (site 15 million), student tickets 5 yuan (site 5 million). Old Summer Palace opens 7:00 - 19:00 Yuanmingyuan Summer Palace guide map food restaurant at the national level - Fook Restaurant, located in the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park, the scenic shore Fuhai, the business area of 900 square meters, fully equipped, the environment elegant and clean, warm and thoughtful service, authentic operating characteristics of royal cuisine, imperial, following a team meal, which can host about 300 people dining. Class environment, delicious food, excellent service, welcome guests to visit! Reservations, please call :010 -62569688 Yuanmingyuan transport special 4, special 6,320,320 lines, 331,332 branch, 332 lines, 365,375 sticks, green transport 375 Road 365, 375 Road Extension, 628,706,716,717 , 722,726,737,743,749,814,825,826,951,973,982, Express 104, Express 105, Express 106, Express Line 205 Haidian Haidian District in the north of the town, there is a garden area of about 5,300 acres of the site, where lush forests, abundant springs, both southern and northern scenery of double features. This is what has been called "the garden of the park," said the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park. Yuanmingyuan, the "garden of the park" reputation, it was built in the Qing dynasty Qianlong period, the old pavilions of 140 locations with a total area of 350 square meters. Its construction area of land as big as the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, the water area equal to one another. The history of the Summer Palace, is the Summer Palace, Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden (Spring Garden million) component. Tight three adjoining park, known as Yuanmingyuan. Total area of 5,200 mu (about 350 hectares), but also the entire range than the Summer Palace, a large nearly acres. It is more than 150 years of Qing Dynasty emperors in between, the creation and operation of a large royal palace. Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, dynasty, emperor Xianfeng five, have many years living in the Old Summer Palace leisurely pleasures, and this held in North Korea, foreign affairs management, it and the Forbidden City (Imperial Palace) was the same as the national political center, was the Qing emperor special called "Royal Park." Along the northwestern suburbs of Beijing, with mountains, springs, lakes, marshes of victory, has always been the feudal emperors and Qingui Xianhuan Concluding lines of the palace garden. To the Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong period, significant socio-economic development, filling the state treasury, the Qing emperor in order to pursue "rather by the blessing of God," the park home living, resulting in the emergence of an unprecedented scale with the garden construction situation. Summer Palace: The main building in the Kangxi and Yongzheng Dynasty, Yongzheng Dynasty, the garden landscape garden group has three acres throughout the range. Qianlong period, there have been many additions in the park and alterations. The park's main garden landscape group, there is the famous "Forty Yuanmingyuan King" (that is open and aboveboard, diligent pro-Yin, Jiuzhou Qing Yan, thread goes on to open, natural pictures, Bi Tong College, Temple & P care, from top to bottom Kwong, Heng Fa Chuen Chun Museum, Tan sway, RU this ancient Han, Changchun Koon, Articles Ann, Wuling Spring, high mountains, on to the cloud abode, Chee Yong Hong Hu, the Department of Fong College, Lin word on days , Dan Bo quiet, mapping water spearmint, Mizuki Mincer, Lianxilechu Department, more than Jia clouds, diving kite flying, the North is far Village, Xifeng beauty, four should be a library and side pot shengjing, bath body bath Germany, Pinghuqiuyue, Peng Island Yaotai, then Xiushan room, amazing, the clip throughout Ming Qin, Han virtual Long Jian, Kuoran Emirates, sitting stone Archaeology, Quyuanfenghe, Cave deep), and purple Bishan room, algae garden, if Fan of the Court, the text source of Court, etc.. The main plaque was hung about 600 landscape architecture, in fact, the right now the highest foreign imperial garden. Changchun Park: Established in Qianlong years (1745) before and after, in 1751 officially _set_ the Consulate General when the tube park, Park Road and West Road, King of the major groups has been basically completed, such as Dan pregnant together, including through the hall, exquisite jade Hall, never thinking fast, Haiyue cardigan, was the whole House, Aroma For example, Fa Hui Temple, Po Temple in Love Hill House, turn Xiang Fan, Cong Fang pavilion and so on. Subsequently have been built and the small one day Qianyuan Park. The eastern part of the park, Zhu Jing (Ching Ying Zhai, such as parks, Kam Park, the Lion), is a thirty one to thirty-seven years of Qianlong build a large scale, including the western floor area, total area of Changchun thousand acres of park . Hanging plaque of landscape architecture is about 200 blocks. Chi Spring Garden: earlier the grant was originally just pro-Di Wang Yunxiang, Kangxi Dynasty was founded at about the latter thanks to scholar Fu Heng has changed to thirty-five years of Qianlong (1770) was officially incorporated into the palace garden, naming Yee Chun Park. Range of time does not include the north-west. Jiaqing four years and sixteen years, the western part of the park and come in two successively given park, one married Shuang Wang Xing West Village, one King and Master Zhuang Hui Park with the Princess, the large-scale repairs and alterations , added after the beginning of the park with acres of scale, to become emperor Park, home to one of the main garden. Thus, the Yuan Ming garden in the heyday of the three. Jiaqing first, "King-chi thirty Spring Garden," poem, and then gradually into more than 20 new King, King was more well-known group has deposited Spring Garden Hall, Qing Xia, fasting, and Han Qiu Museum, the Health and winter rooms, four should Random House, Ze-Chun Chai, Feng Lin Chau, Wei algae together, and in Church, Bristol to enjoy, bamboo homes, Rain in Hillside Garden, Yanyu Pavilion, with Fai House, Jerneh Tong, Chang and Tong, Zhan Qing Xuan, Zhao cool pavilion, Ling Xu Ting , nearly 30. Plaque hanging garden building hundreds of seats. Yee Spring Garden palace, built in Jiaqing fourteen years (1809), as large than the Summer Palace and the palace was built in Changchun Park, half a century later the second palace, also known as the "new palace," still in use. Since the dynasty, since the early years, the deposition of the Park Road area of the converted church after the spring, as the care of their own where the Empress Dowager; but Park West Zhu Jing, still has been a dynasty, Emperor Xianfeng's Park home range. The park was destroyed in 1860, after years trying to rebuild in the Tongzhi, the renamed million in Spring Garden. Yuanmingyuan garden landscaping and more water as the theme of water as a result of interest, many of which are directly draw the famous water features southern charm. After the Summer Palace Lake, built around the lake after the nine islands, is the territory, "Yu Gong" "Jiuzhou" the symbol. Build all the island groups of small garden or landscape, both have their own characteristics, and each other through into the scene. Upper and lower north shore sky, Yang F, List of Dongting Lake is quite Dengyue takes the wins, "Chuihong driving lake, winding room for improvement, repair clip wing bar, wide pavilion for. reflection profiling, Hwang Mei Yang threshold, the volley overlooking, a Bi ten thousand ares. " Tan sway in the West Bank, Hangzhou Yuquan resembles Immersió, commonly known as goldfish pond "country music for the fish pond digging, pool weeks Shexia, Jinlin thousands of head." Yuanmingyuan West Articles Ann, housing built in the lake, shaped as Swastika, cool, looks out across the exquisite embroidery Valerian if Yee. Yongzheng Emperor likes to live. Mizuki the Yuanmingyuan Mincer north, with the West (Caesar) Water Act water comes in, turn the fan, "Lin Sese, water cold, the river sounds of the wind group dynamic, blackbird sound alarms." Qianlong Emperor likes to cool off. West Lake Park in Changchun Haiyue cardigan in white jade giant round table has a three-house, from afar like a mirage. Peng among the island Yaotai Fuhai, drawn from the mythical Penglai Xiandao, formerly known as Penglai Island. According to legend, Qin Shi Huang had sent a man named Xu, led more than dry the Boys & Girls, Going out to sea to look for him in Wonderland, Immortality medicine to corporate longevity. This of course can only be "Haike about Yingzhou, smoke Tao Weimang hard to find the letter." The Yongzheng Emperor's Summer Palace is to artisans in East Lake with a pile of phosphate rock into the size of the islands Xun, a symbol of the legendary tent Lai, Chou, abbot of the "three mountains", the island has a Diange share units, "we hope for If Jintang five. Yuk-second "hit" Xu Fuhai in seeking "the implication, the East Lake named" Fook. " And four banks in Fuhai also has dozens of other parks Lin Jiajing. Fuhai, East and West, North and South of the width of five to six meters, plus a small surrounding waters of about 35 hectares, equivalent to the surface of Beihai Park. Here the open water, beautiful scenery, each in the Dragon Boat Festival, dragon boat races held in this large-scale activities. July 15 night, watch the lanterns, this emperor. Winter ice, the emperor of ice take the bed in Fuhai Tour. Summer Palace is actually a water Fuhai entertainment center. Old Summer Palace also a notable feature is the large number of imitation was built around the country, especially the many famous gardens in southern scenic spots. Emperor Qianlong had six trip to the south of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Hongli, five times Tour West, East tour Daiyue, parade Rehe, Mukden (ie, Shenyang) and the winding and other places. Each to one place, where the famous victory of his favorite water, name of park scenery, let G plotted map accompanying artist, returned to Beijing after the simulation was built in the park. According to incomplete statistics, the Yuanmingyuan garden landscape, there is a direct copy of no less than four-fifty. Hangzhou West Lake, even the name is also word for word all the imitation was built in the park. As the saying goes: Who is good scenery of Jiangnan Road, shift-day reduction in the king arms. After the Qianlong emperor's southern tour, the Summer Palace has built in imitation of famous gardens around the south. One of the Northwest Fuhai Alan Park. When twenty years of Qianlong's southern tour, once Haining Chen corner Park as the line of Hall, and named "tranquil garden." Hong Li is like the structure of what is going on in the park, returned to Beijing after the book store should be about four in the Summer Palace, imitation alterations and additions to its location. Park into the later, issue called "tranquil garden", was built in imitation of three other famous gardens, the park in Changchun. One is twenty-three years of Qianlong, Eastern Hospital in Chai Yong thinking, modeled on the West Lake in Hangzhou Wang's Park one day built a small garden; a Qianlong three years, modeled on the Jiangning (that is, Nanjing), such as built Zhanyuan Park; a thirty-seven years Qianlong, modeled on a famous garden in Suzhou built in the Lion. Such as Park and Lion, all were more than 16 scenic spots. Yuanmingyuan Xifeng beauty, Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperor seventh day of each July, Tanabata clever banquet place _set_ting. Here you can view the Western Hills, by far, the West Bank has a _set_ of overlapping mountains, Zhi Jun Song Crest, a mountain stream waterfall into the next emergency. Looking like a closer look at the Lushan Zhi Jun momentum, take the name of "Little Kuang." Archaeology sat stone, imitation from the Orchid Pavilion, Shaoxing Hueiji Sanin. Built in the Yongzheng, commonly known as flow cup booths. Wang and other scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had Yonghe March 3 (ie, Shangsi day), will Hueiji Lanting, music Origination water, poetry repair wedge (the festival), transferred for the elephants. Yuanmingyuan this Lanting, in Chek stream, the steep stone columns, shock separate injection, has a three-bay double eaves and open booths. Qianlong four years, collected from ancient calligraphy "Lanting Xu" post 6, coupled with sensitivity in the scholar in his own handwriting and Hong Li, together as the "Orchid Pavilion eight column volumes." Citing to the Emperor Qianlong converted into all directions, and into columns, each column carved a quote, this is the famous Summer Palace Lanting eight columns. Kuoran Grand Duke, later collectively Double-Crane, fasting, and imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Huishan built. The northern half of this scene is the mid-Qianlong, modeled on the winding stone chamber static Yunlin Villa sent rocks, Stones made. Jiaqing poem in praise of "Double-Crane Studio": the structure of deep imitation Huishan, Monarch undergoing a decline Jichang environment. Qiao Qian Songyou Mao Qu footpath, rough stone is not stubborn hole. People know the Garden of Harmonious Interests, Summer Palace, is the imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Huishan built, in fact, was built in imitation of Yuanmingyuan also sent Chang Park. Just built two imitation mood is different. Wuling Spring, depict the Tao "Peach Blossom Spring," the artistic conceptions. Built from the late Kangxi, Yongzheng Taohuawu when called, the place was Hong Li study, the book room called "Lok Sin Tong." This scene, claims to have hickory trees. Suzhou Chang Taohuawu an old door, according to legend is the former residence of Flirting. Taohuawu Yuanmingyuan, Xi Yong although its name, but not the Wu Sheng Yuan peach blossoms can be compared to the next. Yuan Ming Garden, a total of three hundred at the garden park and landscape architecture group, known as the hundred views. Assembly hall, pavilion, pavilions, Hin Terrace, Chai Museum, Gallery veranda and other landscape architecture, a total of about 16 million square meters. All building area than the Forbidden City more than ten thousand square meters. Park's buildings, both ancient palace architecture draws on the advantages, but also in the plane configuration, the appearance of form, the group broke through the combination of many aspects of the shackles of official specifications, solicit gaming, in various forms. Create a lot of north and south in China are extremely rare architectural forms, such as word Xuan, Mei Yue Xuan, Tian Temple words, there are fan-shaped, bow-shaped face, round mirror-shaped, Shaped, mountain-shaped, cross, square Sheng-shaped, book-shaped and so on. Coupled with the garden layout, with the potential for King, mix; the garden of the King and the phase ring _set_s, into the deep layers, forming a rich, natural beauty and harmonious whole. French missionaries Attiret, there was a description of the image, he said: Yuanmingyuan building, form much more varied, and uneven, original style. It is a small palace for each are as if the model is made in accordance with strange, like a random arrangement, no one with the other one similar. Things are so great interest, not in the list of people under the piece of scenery to enjoy, we must examine it bit by bit. Yuanmingyuan garden temples, but also reflect an aspect of ancient culture. Anyou Palace (Hong Tze Yong Hu), Jingshan life in accordance with the old Imperial Palace built cases. For offerings Kangxi, Yongzheng Emperor, "Royal God" is the royal ancestral hall park. Palace nine, main ridge of the eaves Xie Shan, covered with yellow glazed tile roof, is the largest body of a park building. Qiao Yan around the cap, the axis of the southern tip of China, there are two tables, to give people a sense of solemn, square pots shengjing, located in the Gulf Fuhai northeast shore, is the fantasy of the mountains in accordance with the construction of Joan Court, according to historical records, where more than 2200 Buddha statues enshrined there, there are more than 30 blocks pagoda. This is the front of the building at the base of the white marble, "the mountain" shape, into the water. The whole body building large, magnificent. When early morning mist, the building and disappeared in the smoke is, like Joan Tower Yaotai general. This is the style and momentum of the buildings is in the landscape architecture of the existing rare. Savatthi, is a typical Buddhist architecture. Ancient India is said to be modeled on the layout of the bridge construction Saro State capital, the city there are temples, houses 326. Kangxi, whenever the Emperor, Empress Dowager birthday, princes Minister Jin Feng of the Buddha are kept in here. Including gold, and silver, and jade carving, copper plastic, and year after year, as high as hundreds of thousands of statues. Yuanmingyuan was looted burned, only the loss of this premises, whether economic or cultural value of artistic value, are difficult to estimate the numbers. Qing emperor in order to pursue a wide range of fun in Changchun, north park area also introduce a European-style landscape architecture, commonly known as "Western House", by harmonic Trolltech, the bridge line method, million to spend array, and raised bird cage, side look, the sea Yan Tang, Ying Yuan concept of water law, water law concept, the line method and other mountains and line method wall composed of more than ten buildings and gardens. Twelve years of Qianlong (1747) to start planning to twenty-four years (1759) basically completed. By Western missionaries Giuseppe Castiglione, Jiang Youren, Attiret, such as design guidance, the construction of the Chinese craftsmen. Architectural form of the late Renaissance in Europe, "Baroque" style garden in the form of "Le Notre" style. But the garden and architectural decoration also learned of many traditional practices. Western floor of the main, in fact, artificial fountains, was called "Water Law." Feature quantity, the momentum of large organizations Siqi rely. Mainly formed harmonic Trolltech, Haiyan Tong and water law group of three large fountain, quite special interest. Harmonic Trolltech: sixteenth year is the first building built in the autumn, subject to three, a large sea-floor south hall-style fountain, with bronze geese, sheep and Western Copper fish turned tail composed of stone fountain. Building the right and left, out of the Octagon Room from the verandas, is playing Western music. Haiyan Tang: Building the largest palace of Western. West of the main building entrance, terrace in front of a large pool, the pool was eight-shaped row of about twelve Animal mask argument are the personal statue (rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog , pigs, it is of the twelve animal signs), followed by cease flow of water per day and night, each one hour (2 hours), noon, Zodiac together water, commonly known as "water clock." The nude statue with the Western zodiac instead of the careful design, it is foreign, a masterpiece of combining Chinese and Western. Million flower array, is modeled on the European built garden maze. Its main features are: the character design with four feet high carved brick wall, separated into several road maze, so called "thousand flower array." Sheng, whenever the Mid-Autumn Night, emperor sitting in the front center of the rotunda, the ladies yellow colored silk hand tied into the Lotus lamp, routing gallop, first emperor who can receive material reward. It is also called yellow or yellow lantern array. Although the diameter of the entrance pavilion to the center only 30 meters away, but difficult to carry out this array is easy, easy dead end, the Qing emperor sitting height, looked in all directions Lotus Light east West Ben, cited as a pleasure. Western floor area, the park covers an area of not more than three-Ming Palace one-fiftieth of the total area, only a small part only. But it is building China into a piece of imitation of a successful attempt of European gardens. This is the history of our landscape, the history of the East-West exchange Fangyuan Lin has played an important role. Its construction has aroused strong repercussions in Europe. A witnessed its Western House, Western missionaries praise: _Set_ in a beautiful good fun, where people can dream to, the grand and peculiar fountain everything, the greatest of the can and the Palace of Versailles and Shengke Lao church fountain to keep pace. The missionary's conclusion is: Old Summer Palace who is also China Versailles. Yuanmingyuan garden in ancient China embodies the essence of art is the best time, a large garden. Emperor Qianlong it: The "Spirit of the district tender treasure, the emperor Yu Yu place, no to more than this." And the history of landscape architecture in the world, also occupies an important position. Its reputation spread to Europe, known as the "garden of the garden." Great French writer Victor Hugo in 1861, such assessment: "Just to imagine it was a very heart fascinated, as the moon, like the castle building, Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan means) is such a building." So often said: Greece of the Parthenon temple, Egypt has pyramids, the Coliseum in Rome, the Orient Palace. "" This is a stunning masterpiece unparalleled. " Old Summer Palace in a very rich collection of books heritage, is to name a few. Wenyuan Pavilion, is a replica of Ningbo Tianyi Fan built library building, the famous one of the Royal North Fourth Court, built in the Qianlong four years. House _set_ in the collection of Qian Long Qin, "Si Ku Quan Shu" and Kangxi "Ancient and Modern Book integration," the one. "Si Ku Quan Shu" in ancient China the largest series of a comprehensive, closed book 34o0 species, nearly 8 million volumes, 36,000 volumes. Reflects our country's ancient civilization, showing the Chinese nation's great spirit. For "book" chapter Zhi vast, when they choose their particular to those compiled "Si Ku Quan Shu Hui to", namely, 12000. "Hui to" copy a total of two, a storage hall in the Forbidden City wield algae, another collection of Park in Changchun by the Church of the East Room with "the sweet taste of the book room." In addition, with well-known by the Church there is a foreign Wenxuan - Chunhua Hin, is designed for collection of the famous Fateh "Calligraphy" copy version built. "House post" was originally a North Ning Chunhua three years (992 years) inscription, including Wang, and even the young boy Cang Jie, Yu, Confucius and calligraphy were 99 tracks. Quote points ten volumes, is China's first large-scale cluster software, known as the father of all posts. Qianlong period, according to "House quote," the Song "thanks to the early extension of the" After the trial was _set_ fine, the stone inscription of the hook. During the three _set_ out to thirty-seven years of Qianlong (1772) spring, will be the inscription of 144 posts version, embedded in the Chunhua Xuan corridor in front of about 24 being. This is the famous "Qianlong re-engraved Calligraphy." Needless to say, robbery destroyed Yuanmingyuan, the Garden collection of "Si Ku Quan Shu", "book Hui should," "Ancient and Modern Book integration," "Calligraphy" copy edition books and other precious relics, are not spared. This reflects from one side of the imperialist invaders burned the Summer Palace, on the enormous human and cultural destruction. Of course, not everything is perfect. Yuanmingyuan so great, in turn, after another few emperor expansion, renovation, and with awareness of the impact of decadent feudal emperors, no matter by which point of view, there is also inadequate. However, on the whole, the Summer Palace is indeed a very good quality landscape. It can be said that it _set_ a few years of the culmination of excellent garden art, the classical gardens in China to a new level. Year, where people who witnessed the spectacular event, said it really is good. Some Westerners, the Chinese garden with admiration, it is also the beginning of Yuan. In short, the Summer Palace won for the honor of our ancient civilization, was once the pride of the Chinese nation! This world famous garden Yuanmingyuan, the Xianfeng years, that is, in October 1860, the brutal British and French troops were looting the burnt, and has become humiliating chapter in the history of modern history. Today, the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park, the site of the theme, the formation of the solidification history and atmosphere of the garden is full of vitality and unique combination of tourist attractions, not only of great political and historical value, but also a unique tourist destination. Yuanmingyuan was destroyed in the tragedy, was a humiliation the Chinese symbol of the rebirth of the Yuanmingyuan, the Chinese nation has been and will continue to work hard, rising prosperity of the witness. With the introduction of special programs in 2006, completed the basic objectives of the park site has been clearly presented to us. We firmly believe that a full green Winter Palace will become a pearl of Green Olympics; a basic integrity of the Summer Palace will be a bright spot in Olympics.
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Summer Palace Introduction
Location and scale Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing Haidian District, adjacent to the Summer Palace tight. It was built in Kangxi 46 years (1707), by the Yuan Ming, Changchun, Wanchun composed of three parks. Have hundreds of garden landscape, building area more than 16 million square meters, is among more than 150 years the Qing emperors in the creation and operation of a large royal palace. Material and the whole nation of the Qing Dynasty, _set_ numerous Seiko craftsman, Tian Hu Shan heap, planting unusual flowers of wood, _set_ of 40 spots at home and abroad King, built a large building 145, the received countless art treasures and books artifacts. In these buildings, in addition to a Chinese-style courtyard, CA park there Haiyan Tang, Ying Yuan view of other Western-style buildings, known as the "garden of the garden." In 1860, British and French forces invaded Beijing, the Summer Palace destroyed. Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing in 1900 burning, killing and looting, the Empress Dowager Cixi fled relying Emperor Xian, Banners soldiers, bandits looting the park that remnants of local ruffians and basic repair after another about hundred buildings, were demolished grab a space, so that construction of Yuanmingyuan and old trees were completely destroyed. Subsequently, the Yuanmingyuan relics, but also long been bureaucrats, warlords, profiteers predatory, and even damage the Administration's organized. Northern Government dignitaries, including some of the Yuanmingyuan ruins bear the responsibility to protect, and both are relying on power, have moved away from the Old Summer Palace in stone, Taihu, in order to repair the garden house. That invaders not only rob the precious historical relics, and mercilessly put it into ashes. Summer Palace covers an area of 350 hectares (5,200 acres), of which the surface area of about 140 hectares (2,100 acres), land-based construction area of the Yuanmingyuan Palace is also one more than million square meters, equivalent to a water area of the Summer Palace has a total area equal to 8.5 actually Forbidden City! Summer Palace, had its grand geographical scale, and create outstanding art, fine group of buildings landscape, rich culture collection and profound cultural connotation and reputation in the world, known as "a model for all the garden art" and "million Park of the Park. " October 6, 1860 British and French troops looted the Summer Palace, relics were looted, 17 -19 May, the garden's buildings were burned. Miracles and the Summer Palace has the fabulous ruins, leaving only ruins for visitors to pay tribute. Name origin: "Summer Palace" is named by the Emperor Kangxi. Ye Yu Shu Xuan words plaque to hang in the Yuanmingyuan Palace of the lintel above. Emperor Yongzheng of the park were there explained that "Ming" is the meaning of the word: "round and ecstatic, also the time of the gentleman; out and shine, up to one of the wise people." Mean, "circle" refers to the personal qualities be full, beyond the ordinary; "that" refers to the political results of Mingguang shine, perfect wisdom. This can be advertised feudal ruling class could maintain Xianxiang ideals. In addition, the "Ming" is the Emperor Yongzheng period has been used since the Prince chanted, Yongzheng Emperor Worship of Buddhism, No. "Ming Buddhist", and Buddhism has a deep study. With a "Royal _Select_ Quotations," 19 and "magic pick Differences imperial record." Pattern in the early Qing Dynasty Buddhist sects, the Yongzheng Emperor in Zen Zongjiang itself, and to "world master" of the identity of the Buddhist exert influence, efforts to promote "three religions" and "Pure Land one", the history of Buddhism very important person. Emperor Kangxi in the garden gave Yin zhen (later Emperor Yongzheng), the pro-theme park called "Summer Palace" is from Italy in Yongzheng's chanted "Ming." Landscape architectural features: Yuanmingyuan was a collection of South Park, a number of scenic features of ancient China into the essence of garden art, garden to garden art practices, will melt in the ever-changing scene of poetic being. Yuanmingyuan imperial court for the southern district, official handling of the emperor, of which there is towards a testimony of the most famous temple fair and square. The rest were distributed in 40 scenic spots, including 50 scenic spots in the field of directly imitating famous garden scenery, as Henin's tranquil garden. Pinghuqiuyue West Lake in Hangzhou, Lei Feng sun_set_, Suzhou Lion Forest ....... . not only imitate the building, even the name is also copied. Also worship their ancestors Anyou Palace, the banquet held in high mountains buildings, simulation, "Spirit Mountain Pavilion map" Penglai Yaotai, reproduction, "Peach Blossom Spring," Spring in the realm of Wuling. Even more interesting is, the Summer Palace also has a Western-style garden area. The most famous "water law" is a Western fountains million to spend, and Haiyan Tong array maze, etc., with the Italian Renaissance style. In the lake there is a model of Venice, the Emperor sat by the bank can appreciate the mountain thousands of miles outside the "water city landscape." Art Features: Summer Palace is a treasure museum, or a Royal was the world's largest museums, galleries, collections of many treasures, books and art. Which possession of celebrity pictures, secret government books, Zhongding jewels, gold and silver jewelry, and other rare artifacts, focus on the essence of ancient culture. Summer Palace is also the exquisite garden of a different wood, hundreds of rare flowers and plants. West Yuanmingyuan full witnessed her as "the garden of the king." In addition, outside the imperial Forbidden City, Summer Palace is lived than most places.
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History
Summer Palace is a famous Qing Dynasty imperial garden. Yuan Ming Park area of five thousand two hundred acres of the three hundred and fifty more than King. Old Summer Palace was first given to Emperor Kangxi Emperor Yin zhen four sons (later Emperor Yongzheng) the garden. Forty years in the reign of Emperor Kangxi in 1707 AD, the garden has taken shape. In November, the emperor Kangxi who visit the Summer Palace Touring. Yongzheng emperor ascended the throne in 1723, expanding the original grant park, and build a fair and square in the park in the South Hall of the main hall and the ground and the cabinet, six, all the value of the Grand Council Rooms, Royal to "avoid noisy hearings." 60 years of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, but each business structure of the Yuanmingyuan, China daily repair, dredging water transfer stone, cost tens of millions of silver. In addition to the Summer Palace for his local additions, alterations of and east of the tight new park in Changchun, in the southeast into the Chi Spring Garden neighborhood. Thirty-five years to the Emperor Qianlong in 1770, three park Yuanming shape. Jiaqing North Korea, mainly to repair and expand Yee Spring Garden was built, making it one of the main park home sites. Dynasty dynasty, state worsened, insufficient financial resources, but rather withdrawal Wanshou, Xiangshan, Yuquan "three mountains" of the furnishings, strike Rehe summer and Mulan hunting, not give up Yuanmingyuan Park renovation and decoration of the three. * Kangxi period: Forty years Kangxi (1709), Emperor Kangxi (ie, Xuan Ye Qing Patriarch) to the northwest of Beijing Chang Chun promised the North in a garden of a fourth son Yin zhen given, and the amount of pro-theme park, "Summer Palace." * Yongzheng period: Yongzheng three years (1725), the Yongzheng Emperor (ie, Sejong Yin Qing zhen) south of the Yuanmingyuan Palace Yashu build, covers an area from the original six acres to expand to three thousand acres. Since then, the Summer Palace is not only open place to visit the Qing dynasty emperor, but also they will be minister of the DPRK, met with foreign diplomats to deal with the daily government of the place. * Qianlong period: Qianlong Emperor (ie Gaozong Hong Li) ascended the throne after the adjustment of the garden in the Summer Palace in the landscape, adding to the building group, and in the east and southeast of the Yuanmingyuan built adjacent Spring Garden Conservancy Park and Yee (renamed million when the Spring Garden Tongzhi .) All three gardens, belong to the management of Yuanmingyuan management minister, said the three-Ming Palace Park. * Xianfeng period: Xianfeng years (1860) in August, British and French forces invaded Beijing. October 6, occupied the Winter Palace. From the next day, officers and soldiers to carry out looting and destruction of crazy. For conferences and forced the Qing government to accept the conditions as soon as possible, the British Minister of Elgin, the British commander of the Grant to the Qing government had captured the British and French officers imprisoned in the Summer Palace as an excuse to order Mitchell will be Oct. 18 in the invading army led by three thousand Five hundred people headed towards the Summer Palace, _set_ on fire. The fire lasted three days and three nights. * Wen after the period: Tongzhi period (1862 ~ 1874), chih Emperor Ready to Repair the Summer Palace, residence for the Empress Dowager Cixi. Later because of financial difficulties, was forced to stop, converted other buildings. In 1900, the Boxer Rebellion invaded Beijing, Yuanmingyuan was destroyed again. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, a number of warlords, politicians, bureaucrats, have stolen building supplies from the Old Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan Ruins further damaged. * People's Republic of period: After the founding of the PRC, the state attaches great importance to the protection of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins. In 1979, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan Ruins is listed as key protection units. After the refurbishment of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins gradually. Is now being turned into the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park.
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The construction of the situation
* Historical background: * Topographic features and architectural history of the construction of Yuanmingyuan: Beijing's western suburbs, there are continuous Xishan Xiufeng: Yuquan Hill, Longevity Hill, Wanquanzhuang, North Haidian and other terrain, since the natural flow are everywhere, in the low-lying merged into large and small lakes at the pond. Yuquan landscape from west to east along the mountain into the Kunming Lake, the largest water into the western suburbs. This opened up large tracts of paddy fields, forming a natural beauty. Early in the Liao Dynasty, the feudal emperors to _select_ Yuquan Hill palace built here, in the Ming Dynasty, where the natural beauty to attract more visitors, so some VIPs to occupy the garden construction house, large pieces of land were accounted for. The Ming Dynasty, Li Wei Ming Hou royalty Wuqing scale development projects here, the first construction of the grand scale, known as "the first national park in Beijing," the Tsinghua University Park (displace in this west wall of Peking University). M million clock was subsequently cleared Huayuan Dong wall guided lake, the provision governing the elegant beauty of the "spoon Park", take "Haidian spoonful" means. Open countryside, there has been pavilions and lakes and mountains each other and become renowned on the outskirts of Beijing gather garden land. To the Qing Dynasty, the emperor also took a fancy piece of excellent garden west of the land. Began the construction of large-scale gardens. * Implementation of Yuanmingyuan built: Yuanmingyuan location north of Tuen Mun in the Guajia, about a mile away from the multi-Chang Chun, Ji Jin north of Peking University, Tsinghua University west. Kangxi era of the Summer Palace, which has the former lake, after Lake water, and its built-in "Peony Taiwan", "natural drawing" and other landscaping. When the Yuanmingyuan Garden, or a fan, thanks to the time scale can not be more than the emperor's Chang Chun, so much built King, reputation is not large, far less than the Chang Chun. But later ascended the throne as the masters of the Qing dynasty, the arrival of the millennium, the expansion in its 60 years in succession, it finally became China's most magnificent imperial garden ever. Lei Jinyu named the chief architect of the Yuanmingyuan, the construction of the Forbidden City when he was in the reign of Emperor Kangxi in fancy but in practice most of the construction or the emperor's views, whether Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong personally or guidance, so Lei Jinyu unusual joy. And to create a "hot plate" model approach. The Xianfeng been destroyed.
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Garden Structures
The history of the Summer Palace, is the Summer Palace, Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden (Spring Garden million) component. Tight three adjoining park, known as Yuanmingyuan. Total area of 5,200 mu (about 350 hectares), but also the entire range than the Summer Palace, a large nearly acres. Feudal emperors in the Qing Dynasty more than 150 years between the creation and operation of a large royal palace. Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, dynasty, emperor Xianfeng five, have many years living in the Old Summer Palace leisurely pleasures, and this held in North Korea to deal with political affairs, and the Forbidden City (Imperial Palace) was the same as the national political center, especially the Qing emperor, said to be as the "Royal Park." Just hang a plaque in there more than 600 blocks. * Summer Palace: Mainly built in the Kangxi and Yongzheng Dynasty, Yongzheng Dynasty, the garden landscape garden group has three acres throughout the range. Qianlong period, there have been many additions in the park and alterations. The park's main garden landscape group, there is the famous "Forty Yuanmingyuan King" (that is open and aboveboard, diligent pro-Yin, Jiuzhou Qing Yan, thread goes on to open, natural pictures, Bi Tong College, Temple & P care, from top to bottom Kwong, Heng Fa Chuen Chun Museum, Tan sway, RU this ancient Han, Changchun Koon, Articles Ann, Wuling Spring, high mountains, on to the cloud abode, Chee Yong Hong Hu, the Department of Fong College, Lin word on days , Dan Bo quiet, mapping water spearmint, Mizuki Mincer, Lianxilechu Department, more than Jia clouds, diving kite flying, the North is far Village, Xifeng beauty, four should be a library and side pot shengjing, bath body bath Germany, Pinghuqiuyue, Peng Island Yaotai, then Xiushan room, amazing, the clip throughout Ming Qin, Han virtual Long Jian, Kuoran Emirates, sitting stone Archaeology, Quyuanfenghe, Cave deep), and purple Bishan room, algae garden, if Fan of the Court, the text source of Court, etc.. The main plaque was hung about 600 landscape architecture, in fact, the right now the highest foreign imperial garden. * Million Spring Garden: Earlier the grant was originally Di Yi Wang Yunxiang pro, was built about Kangxi Dynasty, had changed after the scholar Fu Heng given to thirty-five years of Qianlong (1770) was officially incorporated into the palace garden, naming Yee Spring Garden. Range of time does not include the north-west. Jiaqing four years and sixteen years, the western part of the park and come in two successively given park, one married Shuang Wang Xing West Village, one King and Master Zhuang Hui Park with the Princess, the large-scale repairs and alterations , added after the beginning of the park with acres of scale, to become emperor Park, home to one of the main garden. Thus, the Yuan Ming garden in the heyday of the three. Jiaqing first, "King-chi thirty Spring Garden," poem, and then gradually into more than 20 new King, King was more well-known group has deposited Spring Garden Hall, Qing Xia, fasting, and Han Qiu Museum, the Health and winter rooms, four should Random House, Ze-Chun Chai, Feng Lin Chau, Wei algae together, and in Church, Bristol to enjoy, bamboo homes, Rain in Hillside Garden, Yanyu Pavilion, with Fai House, Jerneh Tong, Chang and Tong, Zhan Qing Xuan, Zhao cool pavilion, Ling Xu Ting , nearly 30. Plaque hanging garden building hundreds of seats. Yee Spring Garden palace, built in Jiaqing fourteen years (1809), as large than the Summer Palace and the palace was built in Changchun Park, half a century later the second palace, also known as the "new palace," still in use. Since the dynasty, since the early years, the deposition of the Park Road area of the converted church after the spring, as the care of their own where the Empress Dowager; but Park West Zhu Jing, still has been a dynasty, Emperor Xianfeng's Park home range. The park was destroyed in 1860, after years trying to rebuild in the Tongzhi, the renamed million in Spring Garden. Western-style area, a total area of Changchun Garden thousand acres. Hanging plaque of landscape architecture is about 200 blocks. * Western House: Western Tower and the entire area of not more than three parks Ming Palace one-fiftieth of the total area, only a small part only. But it is built into a piece of imitation of a successful attempt of European gardens. Exchanges in the history of this thing Fangyuan Lin, occupies an important position. Has aroused strong repercussions in Europe. A witnessed its Western House, Western missionaries praise: _Set_ in a beautiful good fun, where people can dream to, the grand and peculiar fountain everything, the greatest of the can and the Palace of Versailles and Shengke Lao church fountain to keep pace. The missionary's conclusion is: Old Summer Palace are, China Versailles.
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Summer Palace Main view
【Large】 large palace palace 5, the south, in front of a large platform, East and West toward the room of the five; room corner after another colt toward the housing of the type 27; East for the cases of human government, Cabinet, Board of Rites, the Ministry of Personnel, Ministry of War, Censorate, of Disaster, the Imperial Academy, Zhanshi House, Imperial College, Miriam Wei Luan, and east of the value of the flag room; west, the Ministry, Board of Punishments, and Industry, Astronomical , Imperial Household, Guanglu Temple, through the Chief Secretary, supreme court, Administrations for Frontier Minorities Temple, Chang Temple, Tai Pusi, Yushu Department, Si hospital, military preparations Hospital, West of the value of the four flag room. Hall】 【fair and square fair and square is the Old Summer Palace's main hall house, a birthday every year by the Emperor He, the new song feast is pro-fan, a small feast courtier, Ghost feast and watch the dragon dance celebration, the College Entrance Examination John Chan, scattered and re-examination of the Provincial Examination Hall place. Dianshang hanging Yongzheng handwritten "above board" board, hall 7, the platform in front of large, east and west side hall of the five. Yin Temple】 【diligent diligent pro-pro-Yin Hall, Room before the Hall of Mental Cultivation West Snappers, located east of the house fair and square, the height of summer when the emperor for the office of the Department, there are halls 5. North _set_ up the throne, south window, the East Wall to open the door, and the similarities between the Ming Hall of Mental Cultivation, the emperor summoned the Minister of the community. Wooden window screen Baoxia inner circle, and between the separated out, the more secretive. Original palace life is now on display. Snappers of the West Hall of Mental Cultivation, the emperor handle daily affairs, a separate meeting with Secretary of State, marking the place exam successful candidates. Snappers of the north wall hanging plaque inscribed with the Yongzheng Emperor: "diligent pro-Yin" plaque under the screen text is the Qianlong emperor's poems. Xi as one entrusted King and beyond the kernel. Second Code Chuan family laws, Respect and handling people. No awe-inspiring three-Bong, Grand Duchy of any private pro. When four-order co-month performance in the Fu Xi Chen. Teachers with five things but its necessary to prepare the body. Six House Lai Renovation, and its facilities are dependents. Impassioned when introspection, fear for the selfish desires perish. Bazhen a fee Gan, Nianbi hunger Lun. Nine Yang politicians, urgent Man Zheng and Wei Chen. Writing in ten screen Yi, where listening to teacher Paul Zhun. Largest construction - diligent and pro-Yin Hall, located in a courtyard in the west, it is in front of the palace gates and decorated second gate, decorated second door is a large courtyard, diligent, pro-Yin Temple to the north living in this compound. "Qinzheng" is a four Miankuo the hall, which is particularly wide. Center with the emperor's throne hall, is a tall throne behind the screen, the screen on the Qianlong Emperor Hong Li handwritten "no Yat" word. Carve the essays hall tables and chairs filled with red sandalwood, the Carve the pattern has Three Friends of Winter, flowers, feathers, landscapes, delicate cutting work, modeling realistic. Chair and the couch was covered with embroidered yellow satin chairs cairica Phi and mattress. Interval hall rooms, all small carved rosewood engrave the wall, with shelves and storage on both sides of the throne of the volume of the bookcase by the Code. Qianlong period, Hong Li memorial marking here, summoned to court officials. Summer, the summer heat Qianlong office and dining place again by the "Qinzheng" moved to the East Hall of the "Bi Cong-fang," because the courtyard in front of Fang Ridge Bi Cong rocks everywhere, blowing bamboo cover, cool and pleasant. Fang Bi is the northern cluster - a big courtyard, the courtyard rockery stone, stone lake lot, and planted with banana, crabapple and other ornamental flowers and trees full of tropical fun. Courtyard, often you can see cranes in the precious stone flower operation between a pair of tick Ling put wings, laid back music. Gallery under the eaves on both sides of the fine variety of rare birds and bird cages, clear and melodious song from time to time. 【】 Kyushu Kyushu Yan Qing Yan Qing temple fair and square in the former northern shore of Lake across the lake with the sea, into the south to the main hall consists of three components, the first into the house for the Summer Palace, the middle three selfless Feng Temple, the most northern Kyushu Hall Yan Qing; east central axis "Heaven and Earth, a spring" for the dynasty, was born at; west "Le Ann" is Qianlong's palace; then Qing Hui West Court, north wall hung a huge panorama of the Yuanmingyuan, the existing original museum in Paris, France ; dynasty years and in the "History of the book builds," built around "Shen de Tang" and other temples are the emperor palace; dynasty sixteen years, the Summer Palace Temple, Upon the house of three disinterested, Kyushu Qing Yan Temple. At the same time the fire burned; Yongzheng Emperor, the Qing Emperor Daoguang Yan died in the house of Kyushu. 【】 Changchun Changchun Koon Koon, was built in Qianlong nine years, AD 1744. Sen Museum is located at the former Lake in Changchun west, before living in the Qianlong reign, there are three doors of the house, main hall 5. January opened the cloud】 【Lou Lou goes on to open formerly known as The Peony Pavilion, located in the southeast corner of the lake after the construction timber to catch wood-based, two-color glazed tiles cover Dianding; Qianlong's reign, was renamed "Lou goes on to open" and Qianlong eleven years, also inscribed "Jisi Tang" board; hospital colored peony planting hundreds of trees. College】 【Bi Bi Tong Tong College, built in the Qianlong nine years, AD 1744. After the lake is located in the northeast corner, is a study. Sky】 【up and down and down after the lake is located northwest sky, as the two buildings, ascends the building may be overlooking the lake color. Heng Fa Chuen, Heng Fa Chuen Chun Museum】 【Spring Museum is located at the western sky and down, east and west facing the lake premises, the West Court has Heng Fa Chuen, the Museum vegetable garden in front. Tan Tan Tan Tan sway sway】 【close to the West Bank after the lake, is dedicated to fish culture zones in the Old Summer Palace, surrounded by built premises, the middle of a large pond dug. Articles Wo Wo】 【Articles Spring Museum in the west of Paradise, built in the shape of large water temple buildings, there are 33. 【F】 high mountains high mountains sway Tan House in the west, for a two-story building to the west, the upper and lower 9; owned even before the ring post after the stream, the middle flat, specifically a banquet Outlying Prefectures of Department, and often hold skill competition arrows. 【】 Same park with the park after the Lake is located in the northeast, is the largest park in the stage, there Qingyin Ge Layer 3, 10, ten feet wide, the lower-performance effects of the crankshaft; south dressing room 5, the north view of Theater 5 room; Qianlong year from the first month of thirteen paid in this section will be held, feast days of kings and the Outlying Prefectures Pei Chen Clan tours and tours to listen to opera, during the emperor birthday, also celebrated a few days of this act. 【Anyou Palace at Yuanmingyuan Xibei Yu】 Anyou Palace, built in the Qianlong years, complete imitation of the Forbidden City built the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the hall has on display Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong portrait. Mizuki Mizuki】 【Mincer Mincer small park located north of Lake after the central gathering area, water bamboo living imitation of Yangzhou, which consists of soil hydraulic fan, is the view of the garden's first water law. Mizuki Savatthi】 【Mincer Savatthi in the east, a garden dedicated to open up a small town, modeled on the ancient capital of India, the city Saro bridge built layout is dedicated to a variety of Buddhist statues and collections areas. Enclosing walls of a rectangular, north to south and from east to west, around the walled city, a total provision of four. Was cross city streets, built a house, building 326, is connected with a veranda; also built several blocks magnificent scene. Before the city opened a special sale through the north-south street, called Suzhou Street, opened by the palace eunuchs dressed as businessmen selling, buying and selling Street French priest Attiret have more detailed records. 【Culture Club】 source text Mincer Mizuki Pavilion is located north of the source, said four of the original pavilion, Zhejiang Qianlong's southern tour, the replica of the Ming Dynasty in Ningbo, Tianyi Pavilion Library in alterations, special storage, "Si Ku Quan Shu." Duke】 【Kuoran Kuoran Emirates also known as Double-Crane, fasting, and is located in the northeast Savatthi is a larger garden building, main building is to the south a large pool, garden views reflected in the water still ran two King; otherwise Shiyong Tang, Ling charge depths and other attractions. Xifeng Xiuse】 【Xifeng Xiuse small park called Lushan, Jiangxi Lushan modeled conversion; after the wall of the Huagangguanyu, modeled on the scenic West Lake in Hangzhou is built. Annual Tanabata, clever display in the banquet event. Four Four】 【Yi Yi Random House Random House is located in the northeast of the Grand Duke Kuoran has five halls, the main hall, said Alan Park, the Qianlong southern tour, the modeled Haining Hangzhou Bay Park, a converted corner, surnamed Chen. Village】 【Far North Far North in the Great Northern Village east gate, across paddy fields, the name of the premises concerned with the farming, rendering rich pastoral scenery. 【】 Side pot square pot shengjing Fuhai water in Dongbei Yu Sheng Jing, as a huge mountain shaped buildings. Penglai Penglai Yaotai】 【Fuhai Yaotai in Central, a total of three islands, structure and layout according to the ancient painter Li Xun's "Spirit Mountain Pavilion" paint design; palace 3, the main hall 7, before the house out East Chang lapel House, West Mishima Island out of God, is with the east side hall Namie Amuro, West Piandian good news for the day peace sound; the southeast there is a Bridge, can pass the East Island, the island has a kiosk Yinghai mountains; northwest have a bridge, can pass the North Island, the island was built temples 3. Xiushan room】 【then pick Fuhai Xiushan room is located southeast of the interior rosewood lacquer used in all the above are embedded in gold and silver, precious stones, ivory, engraving on both of these rare treasures with the landscapes, castles, figures, flowers and trees, birds and insects. This decorative, carved from design to technology by the late Ming and craftsmen founded in Hangzhou one week last name, it said Zhou system in China plays an important role in the history of sculpture. Pinghuqiuyue】 【Pinghuqiuyue in Fuhai Xibei Yu, modeling Pinghuqiuyue fusion of West Lake in Hangzhou and double plug the essence of the cloud. Quyuanfenghe】 【Quyuanfenghe park is located south of the West Bank from Fuhai, the main hall in a row 5, rebuilding homes modeled on West Lake in Hangzhou music, cross-pool also has a 9 hole large stone bridge. Chunhua Xuan Xuan】 【Chunhua ranked Changchun garden center the main building, built in, which coincided with "the moment Chunhua Pavilion paste" was completed about two pairs of rigid embedded in Langbi Gallery, the Villa, and hence the name. "The moment Chunhua Pavilion paste" stereotype 144, a total of 10 volumes, brings together 99 of the authentic ancient masters; carved and then extension 400, dispensing royal clan, ministers and Zhili, Shandong, Zhejiang and attractions of the palace land. Chunhua Xuan become famous in Beijing Beilin. Haiyue cardigan cardigan】 【Haiyue built in pool, pedestal round, two floors, white marble lean on a railing around. 3-layer construction of the stage buildings and the lower Haiyue cardigan, South canopies title "Green Yao Island" 3 words; middle to get the Golden Pavilion, title "days of heart water" 4 words; top title "by six dragons" 3 words; Taiwan's four sides, each with an archway. Pavilion in the Summer Palace in all, this group of buildings the most luxurious. 】 【Lion Lion Park in Changchun Dongbei Yu, Qianlong Emperor tour Suzhou, Suzhou Lion imitation building, first built 8 King, follow-up 8 King, 16 King, the formation of a unique small garden area. 【】 Like a garden like a garden park in the southeast corner of Changchun, Qianlong three years trip to the south to Jiangning (now Nanjing), the general Xu Da Ming Zhan modeled building. Trolltech】 【harmonic sixteenth year is the first building built in the autumn, subject to three, a large sea-floor south hall-style fountain, with bronze geese, sheep and Western Copper fish turned tail composed of stone fountain. Building the right and left, out of the Octagon Room from the verandas, is playing Western music. 】 【Haiyantang Western House is the largest palace. West of the main building entrance, terrace in front of a large pool, the pool was eight-shaped row of about twelve Animal mask argument are the personal statue (rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog , pigs, twelve animal signs), followed by cease flow of water per day and night, each one hour (2 hours), noon, Zodiac together water, commonly known as "water clock." Originally naked woman is like a European style, but the emperor is not naked women and that the customs to Zodiac Chinese statue, with the bronze. View View Water Act】 【Water Act axis in the far southern end of Ying view, the main building has placed the throne on the platform, stand behind the tall stone wall around both sides _set_ Buckrun door, a giant water tower on each side and the receiver the pool water. Filled lake to _set_ a variety of mammals according to potential, semicircular wood chase that animal fighting and other games; spray nozzles installed in the clock, according to Chinese traditional timing methods, and use the names of 12 animals, said the 12-day one hour, every one will have 1 hour to the animal's mouth spray pool water. Front】 【million million spent flower also known as yellow matrix array, is modeled on the European built garden maze. Character design with four feet high carved brick wall, separated into several road maze, so called "thousand flower array." Although the diameter of the entrance pavilion to the center distance of 30 meters, however, easy to carry but difficult out of this array, when the Mid-Autumn Night, emperor sitting in front center rotunda, the eunuchs, the ladies yellow colored silk hand tied into the Lotus lights, routing gallop, first emperor who can receive material reward. It is also called yellow or yellow lantern array. Emperor sitting height, looked in all directions Lotus Light east West Ben, cited as a pleasure. Mountain】 【line method and line method line method mountains between the wall, there is a river side, on-line method under the tank wall, _set_ a model city of Venice in a water tank, the Emperor sat watching the mountain-line method.
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Architectural Features
* Construction of the water theme features: Yuanmingyuan garden landscaping and more water as the theme of water as a result of interest, many of which are directly draw the famous water features southern charm. After the Summer Palace Lake, built around the lake after the nine islands, is the territory, "Yu Gong" "Jiuzhou" the symbol. Build all the island groups of small garden or landscape, both have their own characteristics, and each other through into the scene. Upper and lower north shore sky, Yang F, List of Dongting Lake is quite Dengyue takes the wins, "Chuihong driving lake, winding room for improvement, repair clip wing bar, for the wide booths. Pattern reflection, Hwang Mei Yang threshold, the volley overlooking a Bi boundless expanse. " Tan sway in the West Bank, Hangzhou Yuquan resembles Immersió, commonly known as goldfish pond "country music for the fish pond digging, pool weeks Shexia, Jinlin thousands of head." Yuanmingyuan West Articles Ann, housing built in the lake, shaped as Swastika, cool, looks out across the exquisite embroidery Valerian if Yee. Yongzheng Emperor likes to live. Mizuki the Yuanmingyuan Mincer north, with the West (Caesar) Water Act water comes in, turn the fan, "Lin Sese, water clear qin melody, group sounds of the wind stream moving, blackbird sound alarms." Qianlong Emperor likes to cool off. West Lake Park in Changchun Haiyue cardigan in white jade giant round table has a three-house, from afar like a mirage. Penglai among Fuhai Yaotai, drawn from the mythical Penglai Xiandao, formerly known as Penglai Island. According to legend, Qin Shi Huang had sent a man named Xu, led more than a thousand boys and girls, out to sea east, to search for him in Wonderland, Immortality medicine to corporate longevity. This of course can only be "Haike about Yingzhou, smoke Tao Weimang hard to find the letter." The Yongzheng Emperor's Summer Palace is to artisans in East Lake with boulders piled into the size of the islands, a symbol of the legendary Penglai, Chou, abbot of the "three mountains", the island has a Diange share units, "we hope for, if Jintang five. Yuk-second "hit" Xu Fuhai in seeking "the implication, the East Lake named" Fook. " And four banks in Fuhai also has dozens of other parks Lin Jiajing. Fuhai, East and West, North and South of the width of five to six meters, plus a small surrounding waters of about 35 hectares, equivalent to the surface of Beihai Park. Here the open water, beautiful scenery, each in the Dragon Boat Festival, dragon boat races held in this large-scale activities. July 15 night, watch the lanterns, this emperor. Winter ice, the emperor of ice take the bed in Fuhai Tour. Summer Palace is actually a water Fuhai entertainment center. * The culmination of the national assembly building features: Old Summer Palace also a notable feature is the large number of imitation was built around the country, especially the many famous gardens in southern scenic spots. Emperor Qianlong had six trip to the south of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Hongli, five times Tour West, East tour Daiyue, parade Rehe, Mukden (ie, Shenyang) and the winding and other places. Each to one place, where the famous victory of his favorite water, name of park scenery, let G plotted map accompanying artist, returned to Beijing after the simulation was built in the park. According to incomplete statistics, the Yuanmingyuan garden landscape, there is a direct copy of no less than four-fifty. Hangzhou West Lake, even the name is also word for word all the imitation was built in the park. As the saying goes: Who is good scenery of Jiangnan Road, shift-day reduction in the king arms. After the Qianlong emperor's southern tour, the Summer Palace has built in imitation of famous gardens around the south. One of the Northwest Fuhai Alan Park. When twenty years of Qianlong's southern tour, once Haining Chen corner Park as the line of Hall, and named "tranquil garden." Emperor Qianlong of the park structures like what is going on, back in the Summer Palace in Beijing after a four-book store should be about the location imitation alterations and additions. Park into the later, issue called "tranquil garden", was built in imitation of three other famous gardens, the park in Changchun. One is twenty-three years of Qianlong, Eastern Hospital in Chai Yong thinking, modeled on the West Lake in Hangzhou Wang's Park one day built a small garden; a Qianlong three years, modeled on the Jiangning (that is, Nanjing), such as built Zhanyuan Park; a thirty-seven years Qianlong, modeled on a famous garden in Suzhou built in the Lion. Such as Park and Lion, all were more than 16 scenic spots. Yuanmingyuan Xifeng beauty, Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperor seventh day of each July, Tanabata clever banquet place _set_ting. Here you can view the Western Hills, by far, the West Bank has a _set_ of overlapping mountains, Zhi Jun Song Crest, a mountain stream waterfall into the next emergency. Looking like a closer look at the Lushan Zhi Jun momentum, take the name of "Little Kuang." Archaeology sat stone, imitation from the Orchid Pavilion, Shaoxing Hueiji Sanin. Built in the Yongzheng, commonly known as flow cup booths. Wang and other scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had Yonghe March 3 (ie, Shangsi day), will Hueiji Lanting, music Origination water, poetry repair wedge (the festival), transferred for the elephants. Yuanmingyuan this Lanting, in Chek stream, the steep stone columns, shock separate injection, has a three-bay double eaves and open booths. Qianlong four years, collected from ancient calligraphy "Lanting Xu" post 6, coupled with sensitivity in the scholar and the Qianlong Emperor in his own handwriting, together as the "Orchid Pavilion eight column volumes." Citing to the Emperor Qianlong converted into all directions, and into columns, each column carved a quote, this is the famous Summer Palace Lanting eight columns. Kuoran Grand Duke, later collectively Double-Crane, fasting, and imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Huishan built. The northern half of this scene is the mid-Qianlong, modeled on the winding stone chamber static Yunlin Villa sent rocks, Stones made. Jiaqing poem in praise of "Double-Crane Studio": the structure of deep imitation Huishan, Monarch undergoing a decline Jichang environment. Qiao Qian Songyou Mao Qu footpath, rough stone is not stubborn hole. People know the Garden of Harmonious Interests, Summer Palace, is the imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Huishan built, in fact, was built in imitation of Yuanmingyuan also sent Chang Park. Just built two imitation mood is different. Wuling Spring, depict the Tao "Peach Blossom Spring," the artistic conceptions. Built from the late Kangxi, Yongzheng Taohuawu when called, the place was Hong Li study, the book room called "Lok Sin Tong." This scene, claims to have hickory trees. Suzhou Chang Taohuawu an old door, according to legend is the former residence of Flirting. Taohuawu Yuanmingyuan, Xi Yong although its name, but not the Wu Sheng Yuan peach blossoms can be compared to the next. * Construction of form features: Yuan Ming Garden, a total of three hundred at the garden park and landscape architecture group, known as the hundred views. Assembly hall, pavilion, pavilions, Hin Terrace, Chai Museum, Gallery veranda and other landscape architecture, a total of about 16 million square meters. All building area than the Forbidden City more than ten thousand square meters. Park's buildings, both ancient palace architecture draws on the advantages, but also in the plane configuration, the appearance of form, the group broke through the combination of many aspects of the shackles of official specifications, solicit gaming, in various forms. Create a lot of north and south in China are extremely rare architectural forms, such as word Xuan, Mei Yue Xuan, Tian Temple words, there are fan-shaped, bow-shaped face, round mirror-shaped, Shaped, mountain-shaped, cross, square Sheng-shaped, book-shaped and so on. Coupled with the garden layout, with the potential for King, mix; the garden of the King and the phase ring _set_s, into the deep layers, forming a rich, natural beauty and harmonious whole. French missionaries Attiret, there was a description of the image, he said: Yuanmingyuan building, form much more varied, and uneven, original style. It is a small palace for each are as if the model is made in accordance with strange, like a random arrangement, no one with the other one similar. Things are so great interest, not in the list of people under the piece of scenery to enjoy, we must examine it bit by bit. * Construction of religious identity: Yuanmingyuan garden temples, but also reflects one aspect of ancient Chinese culture. Anyou Palace (Hong Tze Yong Hu), Jingshan life in accordance with the old Imperial Palace built cases. For offerings Kangxi, Yongzheng Emperor, "Royal God" is the royal ancestral hall park. Palace nine, main ridge of the eaves Xie Shan, covered with yellow glazed tile roof, is the largest body of a park building. Qiao Yan around the cap, the axis of the southern tip of China, there are two tables, to give people a sense of solemn, square pots shengjing, located in the Gulf Fuhai northeast shore, is the fantasy of the mountains in accordance with the construction of Joan Court, according to historical records, where more than 2200 Buddha statues enshrined there, there are more than 30 blocks pagoda. This is the front of the building at the base of the white marble, "the mountain" shape, into the water. The whole body building large, magnificent. When early morning mist, the building and disappeared in the smoke is, like Joan Tower Yaotai general. This is the style and momentum of the buildings is in the landscape architecture of the existing rare. Savatthi, is a typical Buddhist architecture. Ancient India is said to be modeled on the layout of the bridge construction Saro State capital, the city there are temples, houses 326. Kangxi, whenever the Emperor, Empress Dowager birthday, princes Minister Jin Feng of the Buddha are kept in here. Including gold, and silver, and jade carving, copper plastic, and year after year, as high as hundreds of thousands of statues. Yuanmingyuan was looted burned, only the loss of this premises, whether economic or cultural value of artistic value, are difficult to estimate the numbers. * Summer Palace architecture evaluation: Yuanmingyuan garden reflects the ancient Chinese art of the essence, was the best of a large garden. Emperor Qianlong it: The "Tempo of the District of Hope, the land of Emperor Yu Yu, nothing to more than this." And the history of landscape architecture in the world, also occupies an important position. Its reputation spread to Europe, known as the "garden of the garden." Great French writer Victor Hugo in 1861, such assessment: "Just to imagine it was a very heart fascinated, as the moon, like the castle building, Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan means) is such a building." So often said: Greek Parthenon, the pyramids in Egypt, the Coliseum in Rome, the Orient Palace. This is an amazing unique masterpiece.
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Garden Collection
Old Summer Palace in a very rich collection of books heritage, is to name a few. Ningbo is a replica of the source text of Fan Tianyi Pavilion built library building, the famous Royal Court, North fourth one, built in Qianlong four years. House _set_ in the collection of Qian Long Qin, "Si Ku Quan Shu" and Kangxi "Ancient and Modern Book integration," the one. "Si Ku Quan Shu" in ancient China, the largest of a comprehensive series, received more than 3,400 books, nearly 8 million volumes, 36,000 volumes. For "book" chapter Zhi vast, when they choose their particular to those compiled "Si Ku Quan Shu Hui to", namely, 12000. "Hui to" copy a total of two, a storage hall in the Forbidden City wield algae, another collection of Park in Changchun by the Church of the East Room with "the sweet taste of the book room." In addition, with well-known by the Church there is a foreign Wenxuan - Chunhua Hin, is designed for collection of the famous Fateh "Calligraphy" copy version built. "House quote," Song Chunhua was originally three years (992 years) inscription, including Wang, and even the young boy Cang Jie, Yu, Confucius and calligraphy were 99 tracks. Quote points ten volumes, is China's first large-scale cluster software, known as the father of all posts. Qianlong period, according to "House quote," the Song "thanks to the early extension of the" After the trial was _set_ fine, the stone inscription of the hook. During the three _set_ out to thirty-seven years of Qianlong (1772) spring, will be the inscription of 144 posts version, embedded in the Chunhua Xuan corridor in front of about 24 being. This is the famous "Qianlong re-engraved Calligraphy." Needless to say, robbery destroyed Yuanmingyuan, the Garden collection of "Si Ku Quan Shu", "book Hui should," "Ancient and Modern Book integration," "Calligraphy" copy edition books and other precious relics, are not spared. This reflects from one side of the imperialist invaders burned the Summer Palace, on the enormous human and cultural destruction. Of course, not everything is perfect. Yuanmingyuan so great, in turn, after another few emperor expansion, renovation, and with awareness of the impact of decadent feudal emperors, no matter by which point of view, there is also inadequate. However, on the whole, the Summer Palace is indeed a very good quality landscape. It can be said that it _set_ several thousand years of outstanding culmination of garden art, the Chinese classical gardens to a new level. Year, some Westerners admiration of Chinese gardens, it is also the beginning of Yuan.
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Face catastrophe
* Historical background Summer Palace in Xianfeng years, that is, in October 1860, British and French troops had been ransacked and burned, a humiliating chapter in modern Chinese history, history. To the mid-Qing Dynasty, the country's science and technology have lagged far behind the West, increasingly sharp class contradictions, 1840 (dynasty two decades) to stir up war of aggression against the Western colonialists - the first Opium War; then broke out of domestic against the rule of the Qing dynasty, the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom." October 1856, Britain and France jointly launched the Second Opium War. Twice before provoking a war in Guangzhou, but did not reach to the period of desire. In order to direct pressure on the Qing government to summary Summary of the capital account. Invading army in May 1858 nearly forced to Tianjin, the Qing government was forced to, respectively, with Britain, France, Russia, the United States signed the humiliating "Treaty of Tianjin." 1860 (Xianfeng years) in July, British and French fleet again intruder broke into Taku extraoral forces to the British and French ministers to Beijing for about pretense, side force was advancing side of the lure to "make peace." Summary of the capital intended to force the Qing court to submit. Corrupt and incompetent Qing Government has been fighting observe a policy variable. Tongzhou invasion forces push deep encroaching. September 21, Tongzhou Baliqiao Qing lost a decisive battle, the next morning, Emperor Xianfeng fled in panic from the Summer Palace in Chengde Mountain Resort away, resulting in non-capital owners are scattered Baiguan, Jun Cu Chi maintained, people fear the crisis situation of large . * Robbery Yuanmingyuan: October 6, 1860, by British and French troops around the northern suburbs east toward the Beijing Summer Palace, when Senggelinqin, seolin remnants in the area north of the city take a resistance, that line fled. French first, in the afternoon by the Haidian, 6 October evening, a large invading army broke into the palace Yuanmingyuan. At this point, the door out of virtue, more than twenty technical Yong eunuch Yuanmingyuan then battle with the enemy, "the victims do not fear, struggling to direct the former," but the end result outnumbered, the Summer Palace technology courage, "eight product leader" any other person to light killed themselves. To 7pm, French invading army captured the Old Summer Palace. Minister Wen Feng vineyard investment Fuhai died. October 7, head of the British and French invasion of China entered the Winter Palace immediately after the "British Law Society sent three members of the collegiate distribution park of Zhen Wu." Commander of the French law Mengtuo Bang communicated the same day Foreign Minister: "I ordered the French member of attention , first take in the art and archeology of the most valuable items. to the line will be very rare thing in France at your devotion to His Majesty the Emperor (Napoleon III), and possession of the French Museum. "Grant, the British commander also immediately" to send military officers trying to collect the object belongs to British rule. "Franco-British invasion forces on the second day of admission is no longer able to resist the allure of items, both groups of officers and soldiers rushed forward to fight gang robbed the garden of gold and silver and cultural treasures. Yuanmingyuan can grab too many things. According to a British witness said the entire law in many decorating camp Account piled full of gorgeous colors unusual clocks, the soldiers surrounded the tent, filled with silk and embroidery. A second British soldier 名叫赫利思 officials, rich because of looting in the Summer Palace, enjoy life, got a "China James" nickname. It is involved in the looting of the site who have witnessed the British and French military officers, priests, journalists described: officers and soldiers, British and French, in order to grab the treasure, poured into the Summer Palace from all directions, longitudinal Qian wantonly, to bestow, confused, divided stricken . They are to snatch the treasure, beat each other and even had fights. Because there were so many treasures, the moment they do not know what things to get better, and some moved King Taylan porcelain, embroidered robes, some greedy, some _select_ion of senior fur coat, and some get the clock inlaid gems. Some carry the big bag filled with different kinds of treasures. Some of the large coat pocket to put into gold bars and gold leaf; some half-length satin brocade wrapped; some hat filled with red and blue gems, pearls and crystals; some jade necklace hung around his neck. There are rooms with a mountain of high silk, enough is said to use half of Beijing residents, the soldiers have been away with the cart. - A British officer from one of 500 statues of the temple was a gold Buddha grazing can be the value of 1,200 pounds. A French officer robbed of property worth 600,000 francs. French army chief Mengtuo Bang was the son of the treasures can be swept value of 30 million francs carriage filled with a good few more. A second soldier 名叫赫利思 the British government, one that is stolen from the park two golden pagoda (all three, a height of 7 feet, a high 6.4 feet) and a host of other treasures, found 7 were strong for him to move back to the barracks husband. . In addition to looting the aggressor, the ravaging of the things by their more numerous. There are several houses full of silk garments, the clothes were dragged out from the box to throw a man into the house, almost did not cover the knee. Engineers have with ax, smashed all the furniture and remove the top of the stones. Some people break the mirror, others vicious shot to the candelabra, as fun. Most of the French soldiers hand waving wooden sticks, will not take away all the broken things. When the October 9, when the French army to temporarily evacuate the Summer Palace, beautiful gardens, this place has been destroyed was everywhere lupus. * Burning Yuanmingyuan Garden October 18, 19, in the park around three or four thousand British troops _set_ fire to three days and nights do not put out the fire, smoke enveloped Beijing, lingering. This masterpiece is unique in the world together burned landscape. Played after the investigation, according to official Qing Shi, Yuan Ming huge park only two thirty three temples pavilions and temples, the official portal, the value of housing and other buildings survived, but many are missing doors and windows, furnishings, Jian were do looted. Since the same time, Longevity Hill Qingyi Garden, the Fragrant Hills Park and Jade Spring Hill Providence Ming Yuan quiet part of the construction have also been burned. According to the recorded material, October 18, the British invaders burned Anyou house, because they come suddenly, the principal palace eunuchs and locked the door with Anyou, so there were eunuchs, maids, artisans, totaling 300 people, was burned alive in Anyou Palace. Yuanmingyuan, into a sea of fire, when Elgin Wang Xing declared proudly: "This will enable China and the European Tiran shock, its effect is far from the people thousands of miles away who could have imagined." Such acts of arson as the angel of the great performance, and integrity of people around the world for this brutal crime was outraged. Hugo wrote in 1861: "One day, two robbers broke into the Summer Palace, a sack and another _set_ on fire. Seems to victory after they can begin to steal the ... ... two winners, one full of pockets, which are visible, another trunk full of boxes. They hand in hand, smiling back to Europe. "History will be subject to sanctions, the two robbers, one called the French, the other is called the English." This passage represents the aspirations of millions of honest people. Summer Palace is still burning when the Prince Gong in Beijing were ordered to stay all commitments Wilson 䜣 all the conditions of the aggressors. Soon were Britain, France, Russia and Asian countries exchange the "Treaty of Tianjin" text, signed the "Treaty of Beijing."
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Decay process
Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing in 1900, the western suburbs of various gardens suffered another looting. This time, the Qing government has completely lost control of the Yuanmingyuan, looting, robbing people is no longer satisfied with the wealth of foreigners more than robbery, they robbed the park is more than the sporadic fire, scattered buildings, wooden columns, pickets sawing , hove down by a large, park the size of the trees have been deforestation away. Qinghe town of wood was piled, heavy trading, while the park is Tanchang everywhere, branches, roots were all charcoal. Change of the early Republic, like a revolving door of the warlords, regarded as an inexhaustible supply of building materials field Yuanmingyuan, Pu Yi left a lot of files during the record of helplessness: "the military guard, pull carts daily operation of more than 10 Taihu garden. "In fact, I just buy the situation is far more serious than recorded in the file. Yuanmingyuan is removed away Shichang Ming Spring Garden Spring Garden and the Mirror of wood, Wang Huaiqing demolished garden Anyou Palace stone wall and Western Building. Since then, the Yuanmingyuan ruins of building materials who can make something from the ground tiles, roof tiles, wall tiles, stone bar, and underground dowels, wooden blocks, brass channel, etc. have all been collecting clean, pull off 20 years! Thus, the Summer Palace buildings, trees, brick have switched gone. Xuantong Dynasty, a local banner has been the site of the palace in the park building a house, the former Royal Park Linmark ridge sea. 1940, after the Japanese occupation period, the Beijing Food nervous, so reward pioneers. From then on, farmers gradually join in Ping Shan Tian Hu, open rice fields. After this at the Qing prosperity Yuanmingyuan more than 150 years of painstaking efforts of the hills, wins, then beyond recognition.
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Site protection and renovation
In 1949, the republic was established, the people's government attached great importance to the protection of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins has listed it as park land and the key cultural relics protection units, the collection of the park dry, on a large scale plantation and greening. In the ten years of chaos, the sites were subjected to some damage, but it was saved, after all: the water system throughout the garden and the garden of Park Yamagata garden pattern remains, nearly half of the land into green areas. More than ten million trees grow into a forest, the majority of base building can still be found, dozens of rockery Stones are still visible, the site of the stone floor, remnants of Western quite noticeable. Formally established in 1976, Yuanmingyuan Management Office, the site protection, significant progress in greening, Western House, the local area by cleaning and finishing, the site of the eastern half of the Garden Path, Garden Cup facilities from scratch, has improved year by year to Parks pay tribute to those who visit a substantial increase in the history of the Yuanmingyuan Park, Exhibition Hall, held since November 1979, of which one tenth of the group visits to primary and secondary students. In 1983, the State Council approved the "Master Plan of Beijing Urban Construction", a clear planning for the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park. In the same year, the Beijing municipal government allocated special funds to repair the park's northeastern Changchun, 2,300 meters south side tiger stone walls. Haidian District in Beijing and the Institute of Government and the Summer Palace and other community care and support, in September 1984, Haidian Township Yuanmingyuan Park Management Office and the farmers to achieve a joint, take the form of public assistance office, relying on the forces of social preparation, common development and construction Ruins Park. Protection of the ruins so that renovation work has taken a decisive step. The first phase is the refurbishment of Fuhai, December 1, 1984 groundbreaking, which took place 7 months water storage vessel. 1985 Spring Garden Yamagata MENG Dong Qi River and then repair to be completed early summer next year. Excavation phase of the project are two mountain lakes fill the main and the construction of Road, Bridge and garden services, clearing of ancient base to carry out afforestation and beautification. Fixed moving 40 million cubic meters for two years, the scope of the ll0 hectares restored Yamagata basic water, water surface of 55 hectares. Yaotai Fuhai Centre Island East Island, Punta, "Yonhap mountains" and the West Island garden pavilion, a new palace chi Spring Garden, and Western European-style maze floor (thousand flowers array), have been repaired at the site in accordance with the AS. After two years of renovation later improved, Heritage Park beginning to take shape, at 29 June 1988, the official ticket sales open to the community. 6 years, more than 1,000 million park visitors. The renovation of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park for the construction of 6 major areas of work; First, continue to improve and perfect the Fuhai, two scenic green chi Spring Garden landscaping, Park Road bridge and service facilities. Second, the garden is the site clean-up order, were significantly improved. The two scenic islands have Yaotai Peng, Han virtual Lang Kam, Mission Hills Church, do not have a hole prematurely, Han Autumn Hall, the day the heart surface, Feng Lin Chau, more than at the site, removal ballast soil, site clearance Dan Jianji, finishing near the water platform, the definition of the scope of the site, standing stones engraved Moritoki picture, for visitors to pay tribute. Third, choose to fix a few spots, such as the fairy-chi Cheng Spring Garden Terrace, words and noble Pitt Pavilion, Journey Into Amazing Caves of the four kiosks Fuhai. Fourth, a full complement puzzle Spring Garden chi natural stone revetment eastern half of the rivers and lakes, namely, extending 4,960 meters. Fifth, a comprehensive site clean-up and sorted out the western half of Western House, clearance and transport 16,000 cubic meters of soil ballast, harmonic Trolltech clearance, storage buildings, pet bird care, square appearance, five bamboo pavilion, Haiyan Tong and other ancient buildings in each block and the fountain base and pedestal column homing wall of a large number of pieces of stone. Sixth, from December 1992, the completely renovated Yamagata River Park Conservancy, to basically completed in April 1994. Co-moving earth more than 20 million cubic meters of dredging rivers and lakes water 28 hectares, the entire stone revetment to extend 9,500 meters, finishing 42 Yamagata, Yamagata river systems to the park basically restored. And organize the Haiyue cardigan, never thinking fast, fluid, Hong Zhu, was the whole Court, Kam Park, Lion, etc. the site and near the water garden pedestal; mining title plaque reduction Emperor Qianlong Stele 31 poems; planted all kinds of Joe More than 35,400 shrubs, plants (Cong), planted 10 hectares of lotus by lotus. At this point, the entire eastern half of the Yuan Ming Garden III (200 hectares) site has been initially built contiguous landscape. Today, the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park, is Shanqing Water Pik, verdant and luxuriant trees, flowers and fragrant, attractive scenery. It features rich site, also with park function, is a patriotic education and the masses a good place for recreation. Farmers from the United States and the park to build gardens that form, after several years of transition, overall condition of the park to open up the site matures. Construction of overall planning in accordance with the requirements of the capital, to accelerate the pace of building the park site, in 1990 and 1993 in two batches for the formal area of the site of the park all the acquisition procedures of the garden of the original land to non-farmers living in the agricultural population, and placed in the labor force engaged in garden construction. This three parks in the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park within the building, protection of cultural relics has created new conditions. For the same.
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Video works
"Summer Palace" Every Chinese person to be engraved in the hearts of memory Genre: Documentary Producer: Xue Jijun Cheng Huang a General Director: Xue Jijun Director: Gold and Iron Wood Written by: Gold and Iron Wood Length: 93 minutes Product: Beijing Science Education Film Studio Guangxi Television Issue: China Film Distribution Co., Ltd. Release Date: September 2006 Beijing Science and Educational Film Studio created a large-scale investment in the epic film "Summer Palace", the first panoramic view of the history about the Old Summer Palace and the Royal real life. Audio and video distribution unit: General Cultural Development Co., Ltd. Guangdong dream Audio carrier: DVD (boxed DVD with the paperback version DVD2)
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Ticket prices
10 per adult Aged 60 to 64 years of age half price tickets for admission to implement the Park Tour 65 years of age (including 65 years of age) and older admission tickets for the implementation of the Park free tour
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Architectural Features
October 5, 1860, British and French troops under the gates of Beijing. Russian diplomats, according to information provided by Ignatius Cincinnati Aliyev: Qing garrison concentrated in the East Side, north of the city is weak, should invade; and heard that China is in the northwest of the Qing dynasty emperor Yuanmingyuan. As a result, British and French troops around the copy Andingmen, Deshengmen, invaded the Summer Palace, and looted Yuanmingyuan, manufacturing shocked the world "burning Yuanmingyuan Garden" event. Summer Palace in northwest Beijing, Ming dynasty. 1709, the Qing Emperor Kangxi of the park given to four sub-Yin Chen (later Emperor Yongzheng), and named the Winter Palace. The Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, dynasty, Emperor Xianfeng 150 five years of operation, a large concentration of material, and numerous servitude craftsmen, poured blood and sweat of millions of working people, put it into a well to create a grand scale, scenic palace . Qing emperors came here every summer to summer, hearings, dealing with military affairs, and therefore called "Palace." Yuanmingyuan stretching around 10 kilometers from the Summer Palace, Wan Spring Garden, Changchun garden composition, and to Summer Palace the most, it is referred to Summer Palace (also known as the Yuanmingyuan Park III). In addition, there are many genera Park, located in the Old Summer Palace in the east, west and south side, including the Providence Park Fragrant Hills, a quiet, Yuquan Shan Ming Yuen, Ching Yi Park (the Summer Palace was built on this basis is up) and so on, all together 5,000 acres of park area. Summer Palace is not only a collection of South Park, a number of scenic spots, but also creatively transplanted Western garden building, _set_ at the culmination of ancient and modern garden art. Park in the magnificent palaces, exquisite pavilions are lightweight; a symbol of vibrant markets, "trading Street", a symbol of the rural scenery of the "Hill"; have modeled Pinghuqiuyue West Lake in Hangzhou, Lei Feng sun_set_, a replica of a lion in Suzhou scenic forest; also modeled on the ancient poet, the painter's poetic construction, such as Penglai Yaotai, Wuling Spring and so on. It can be said, Yuanmingyuan is blood and sweat of working people and the crystallization of the wisdom, the Chinese people built Building a model of arts and culture. Not only that, the Summer Palace is also within the various collections of many priceless style, extremely rare books and rich history of precious historical relics such as ancient paintings, gold and silver jewelry, Song porcelain, called the treasure house of human culture, one The same can be said that it is a world's largest museum. * Construction of the water theme features: Yuanmingyuan garden landscaping and more water as the theme of water as a result of interest, many of which are directly draw the famous water features southern charm. After the Summer Palace Lake, built around the lake after the nine islands, is the territory, "Yu Gong" "Jiuzhou" the symbol. Build all the island groups of small garden or landscape, both have their own characteristics, and each other through into the scene. Upper and lower north shore sky, Yang F, List of Dongting Lake is quite Dengyue takes the wins, "Chuihong driving lake, winding room for improvement, repair clip wing bar, for the wide booths. Pattern reflection, Hwang Mei Yang threshold, the volley overlooking a Bi boundless expanse. " Tan sway in the West Bank, Hangzhou Yuquan resembles Immersió, commonly known as goldfish pond "country music for the fish pond digging, pool weeks Shexia, Jinlin thousands of head." Yuanmingyuan West Articles Ann, housing built in the lake, shaped as Swastika, cool, looks out across the exquisite embroidery Valerian if Yee. Yongzheng Emperor likes to live. Mizuki the Yuanmingyuan Mincer north, with the West (Caesar) Water Act water comes in, turn the fan, "Lin Sese, water clear qin melody, group sounds of the wind stream moving, blackbird sound alarms." Qianlong Emperor likes to cool off. West Lake Park in Changchun Haiyue cardigan in white jade giant round table has a three-house, from afar like a mirage. Penglai among Fuhai Yaotai, drawn from the mythical Penglai Xiandao, formerly known as Penglai Island. According to legend, Qin Shi Huang had sent a man named Xu, led more than a thousand boys and girls, out to sea east, to search for him in Wonderland, Immortality medicine to corporate longevity. This of course can only be "Haike about Yingzhou, smoke Tao Weimang hard to find the letter." The Yongzheng Emperor's Summer Palace is to artisans in East Lake with boulders piled into the size of the islands, a symbol of the legendary Penglai, Chou, abbot of the "three mountains", the island has a Diange share units, "we hope for, if Jintang five. Yuk-second "hit" Xu Fuhai in seeking "the implication, the East Lake named" Fook. " And four banks in Fuhai also has dozens of other parks Lin Jiajing. Fuhai, East and West, North and South of the width of five to six meters, plus a small surrounding waters of about 35 hectares, equivalent to the surface of Beihai Park. Here the open water, beautiful scenery, each in the Dragon Boat Festival, dragon boat races held in this large-scale activities. July 15 night, watch the lanterns, this emperor. Winter ice, the emperor of ice take the bed in Fuhai Tour. Summer Palace is actually a water Fuhai entertainment center. * The culmination of the national assembly building features: Old Summer Palace also a notable feature is the large number of imitation was built around the country, especially the many famous gardens in southern scenic spots. Emperor Qianlong had six trip to the south of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Hongli, five times Tour West, East tour Daiyue, parade Rehe, Mukden (ie, Shenyang) and the winding and other places. Each to one place, where the famous victory of his favorite water, name of park scenery, let G plotted map accompanying artist, returned to Beijing after the simulation was built in the park. According to incomplete statistics, the Yuanmingyuan garden landscape, there is a direct copy of no less than four-fifty. Hangzhou West Lake, even the name is also word for word all the imitation was built in the park. As the saying goes: Who is good scenery of Jiangnan Road, shift-day reduction in the king arms. After the Qianlong emperor's southern tour, the Summer Palace has built in imitation of famous gardens around the south. One of the Northwest Fuhai Alan Park. When twenty years of Qianlong's southern tour, once Haining Chen corner Park as the line of Hall, and named "tranquil garden." Emperor Qianlong of the park structures like what is going on, back in the Summer Palace in Beijing after a four-book store should be about the location imitation alterations and additions. Park into the later, issue called "tranquil garden", was built in imitation of three other famous gardens, the park in Changchun. One is twenty-three years of Qianlong, Eastern Hospital in Chai Yong thinking, modeled on the West Lake in Hangzhou Wang's Park one day built a small garden; a Qianlong three years, modeled on the Jiangning (that is, Nanjing), such as built Zhanyuan Park; a thirty-seven years Qianlong, modeled on a famous garden in Suzhou built in the Lion. Such as Park and Lion, all were more than 16 scenic spots. Yuanmingyuan Xifeng beauty, Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperor seventh day of each July, Tanabata clever banquet place _set_ting. Here you can view the Western Hills, by far, the West Bank has a _set_ of overlapping mountains, Zhi Jun Song Crest, a mountain stream waterfall into the next emergency. Looking like a closer look at the Lushan Zhi Jun momentum, take the name of "Little Kuang." Archaeology sat stone, imitation from the Orchid Pavilion, Shaoxing Hueiji Sanin. Built in the Yongzheng, commonly known as flow cup booths. Wang and other scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had Yonghe March 3 (ie, Shangsi day), will Hueiji Lanting, music Origination water, poetry repair wedge (the festival), transferred for the elephants. Yuanmingyuan this Lanting, in Chek stream, the steep stone columns, shock separate injection, has a three-bay double eaves and open booths. Qianlong four years, collected from ancient calligraphy "Lanting Xu" post 6, coupled with sensitivity in the scholar and the Qianlong Emperor in his own handwriting, together as the "Orchid Pavilion eight column volumes." Citing to the Emperor Qianlong converted into all directions, and into columns, each column carved a quote, this is the famous Summer Palace Lanting eight columns. Kuoran Grand Duke, later collectively Double-Crane, fasting, and imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Huishan built. The northern half of this scene is the mid-Qianlong, modeled on the winding stone chamber static Yunlin Villa sent rocks, Stones made. Jiaqing poem in praise of "Double-Crane Studio": the structure of deep imitation Huishan, Monarch undergoing a decline Jichang environment. Qiao Qian Songyou Mao Qu footpath, rough stone is not stubborn hole. People know the Garden of Harmonious Interests, Summer Palace, is the imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Huishan built, in fact, was built in imitation of Yuanmingyuan also sent Chang Park. Just built two imitation mood is different. Wuling Spring, depict the Tao "Peach Blossom Spring," the artistic conceptions. Built from the late Kangxi, Yongzheng Taohuawu when called, the place was Hong Li study, the book room called "Lok Sin Tong." This scene, claims to have hickory trees. Suzhou Chang Taohuawu an old door, according to legend is the former residence of Flirting. Taohuawu Yuanmingyuan, Xi Yong although its name, but not the Wu Sheng Yuan peach blossoms can be compared to the next. * Construction of form features: Yuan Ming Garden, a total of three hundred at the garden park and landscape architecture group, known as the hundred views. Assembly hall, pavilion, pavilions, Hin Terrace, Chai Museum, Gallery veranda and other landscape architecture, a total of about 16 million square meters. All building area than the Forbidden City more than ten thousand square meters. Park's buildings, both ancient palace architecture draws on the advantages, but also in the plane configuration, the appearance of form, the group broke through the combination of many aspects of the shackles of official specifications, solicit gaming, in various forms. Create a lot of north and south in China are extremely rare architectural forms, such as word Xuan, Mei Yue Xuan, Tian Temple words, there are fan-shaped, bow-shaped face, round mirror-shaped, Shaped, mountain-shaped, cross, square Sheng-shaped, book-shaped and so on. Coupled with the garden layout, with the potential for King, mix; the garden of the King and the phase ring _set_s, into the deep layers, forming a rich, natural beauty and harmonious whole. French missionaries Attiret, there was a description of the image, he said: Yuanmingyuan building, form much more varied, and uneven, original style. It is a small palace for each are as if the model is made in accordance with strange, like a random arrangement, no one with the other one similar. Things are so great interest, not in the list of people under the piece of scenery to enjoy, we must examine it bit by bit. * Construction of religious identity: Yuanmingyuan garden temples, but also reflects one aspect of ancient Chinese culture. Anyou Palace (Hong Tze Yong Hu), Jingshan life in accordance with the old Imperial Palace built cases. For offerings Kangxi, Yongzheng Emperor, "Royal God" is the royal ancestral hall park. Palace nine, main ridge of the eaves Xie Shan, covered with yellow glazed tile roof, is the largest body of a park building. Qiao Yan around the cap, the axis of the southern tip of China, there are two tables, to give people a sense of solemn, square pots shengjing, located in the Gulf Fuhai northeast shore, is the fantasy of the mountains in accordance with the construction of Joan Court, according to historical records, where more than 2200 Buddha statues enshrined there, there are more than 30 blocks pagoda. This is the front of the building at the base of the white marble, "the mountain" shape, into the water. The whole body building large, magnificent. When early morning mist, the building and disappeared in the smoke is, like Joan Tower Yaotai general. This is the style and momentum of the buildings is in the landscape architecture of the existing rare. Savatthi, is a typical Buddhist architecture. Ancient India is said to be modeled on the layout of the bridge construction Saro State capital, the city there are temples, houses 326. Kangxi, whenever the Emperor, Empress Dowager birthday, princes Minister Jin Feng of the Buddha are kept in here. Including gold, and silver, and jade carving, copper plastic, and year after year, as high as hundreds of thousands of statues. Yuanmingyuan was looted burned, only the loss of this premises, whether economic or cultural value of artistic value, are difficult to estimate the numbers. * Summer Palace architecture evaluation: Yuanmingyuan garden reflects the ancient Chinese art of the essence, was the best of a large garden. Emperor Qianlong it: The "Tempo of the District of Hope, the land of Emperor Yu Yu, nothing to more than this." And the history of landscape architecture in the world, also occupies an important position. Its reputation spread to Europe, known as the "garden of the garden." Great French writer Victor Hugo in 1861, such assessment: "Just to imagine it was a very heart fascinated, as the moon, like the castle building, Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan means) is such a building." So often said: Greek Parthenon, the pyramids in Egypt, the Coliseum in Rome, the Orient Palace. This is an amazing unique masterpiece.
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History
Name Origin "Summer Palace" is named by the Emperor Kangxi. Ye Yu Shu Xuan words plaque to hang in the Yuanmingyuan Palace of the lintel above. Emperor Yongzheng of the park were there explained that "Ming" is the meaning of the word: "round and ecstatic, also the time of the gentleman; out and shine, up to one of the wise people." Mean, "circle" refers to the personal qualities be full, beyond the ordinary; "that" refers to the political results of Mingguang shine, perfect wisdom. This can be advertised feudal ruling class could maintain Xianxiang ideals. In addition, the "Ming" is the Emperor Yongzheng period has been used since the Prince chanted, Yongzheng Emperor Worship of Buddhism, No. "Ming Buddhist", and Buddhism has a deep study. With a "Royal _Select_ Quotations," 19 and "magic pick Differences imperial record." Pattern in the early Qing Dynasty Buddhist sects, the Yongzheng Emperor in Zen Zongjiang itself, and to "world master" of the identity of the Buddhist exert influence, efforts to promote "three religions" and "Pure Land one", the history of Buddhism very important person. Emperor Kangxi in the garden gave Yin zhen (later Emperor Yongzheng), the pro-theme park called "Summer Palace" is from Italy in the Yongzheng Buddhist name "Ming." History Summer Palace is a famous Qing Dynasty imperial garden. Yuan Ming Park area of five thousand two hundred acres of the three hundred and fifty more than King. Old Summer Palace was first given to Emperor Kangxi Emperor Yin zhen four sons (later Emperor Yongzheng) the garden. Forty years in the reign of Emperor Kangxi in 1707 AD, the garden has taken shape. In November, the emperor Kangxi who visit the Summer Palace Touring. Yongzheng emperor ascended the throne in 1723, expanding the original grant park, and build a fair and square in the park in the South Hall of the main hall and the ground and the cabinet, six, all the value of the Grand Council Rooms, Royal to "avoid noisy hearings." 60 years of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, but each business structure of the Yuanmingyuan, China daily repair, dredging water transfer stone, cost tens of millions of silver. In addition to the Summer Palace for his local additions, alterations, the addition to the east in the tight New Park in Changchun, in the southeast into the Chi Spring Garden neighborhood. Thirty-five years to the Emperor Qianlong in 1770, three park Yuanming shape. Jiaqing North Korea, mainly to repair and expand Yee Spring Garden was built, making it one of the main park home sites. Dynasty dynasty, state worsened, insufficient financial resources, but rather withdrawal Wanshou, Xiangshan, Yuquan "three mountains" of the furnishings, strike Rehe summer and Mulan hunting, not give up Yuanmingyuan Park renovation and decoration of the three. Face catastrophe * Historical background To the mid-Qing Dynasty, the country's science and technology have lagged far behind the West, increasingly sharp class contradictions, 1840 (dynasty two decades) to stir up war of aggression against the Western colonialists - the first Opium War; then broke out of domestic against the rule of the Qing dynasty, the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom." October 1856, Britain and France jointly launched the 2nd Opium War. Twice before provoking a war in Guangzhou, but did not reach to the period of desire. In order to direct pressure on the Qing government to summary Summary of the capital account. Invading army in May 1858 nearly forced to Tianjin, the Qing government was forced to, respectively, with Britain, France, Russia, the United States signed the humiliating "Treaty of Tianjin." 1860 (Xianfeng years) in July, British and French fleet again intruder broke into Taku extraoral forces to the British and French ministers to Beijing for about pretense, side force was advancing side of the lure to "make peace." Summary of the capital intended to force the Qing court to submit. Corrupt and incompetent Qing Government has been fighting observe a policy variable. Tongzhou invasion forces push deep encroaching. September 21, Tongzhou Baliqiao Qing lost a decisive battle, the next morning, Emperor Xianfeng fled in panic from the Summer Palace in Chengde Mountain Resort away, resulting in non-capital owners are scattered Baiguan, Jun Cu Chi maintained, people fear the crisis situation of large . Summer Palace in Xianfeng years, that is, in October 1860, British and French troops had been ransacked and burned, a humiliating chapter in modern Chinese history, history. In 2010, the United Kingdom, France, the world record of China Association _select_ed two of the world's largest cultural bandits, the British burned the Yuanmingyuan France, the world record of China Association also _select_ed the world's largest cultural destruction of crime. Both Britain and France created the most shameless of the world. * Robbery Yuanmingyuan: October 6, 1860, by British and French troops around the northern suburbs east toward the Beijing Summer Palace, when Senggelinqin, seolin remnants in the area north of the city take a resistance, that line fled. French first, in the afternoon by the Haidian, 6 October evening, a large invading army broke into the palace Yuanmingyuan. At this point, the door out of virtue, more than twenty technical Yong eunuch Yuanmingyuan then battle with the enemy, "the victims do not fear, struggling to direct the former," but the end result outnumbered, the Summer Palace technology courage, "eight product leader" any other person to light killed themselves. To 7pm, French invading army captured the Old Summer Palace. Minister Wen Feng vineyard investment Fuhai died. October 7, head of the British and French invasion of China entered the Winter Palace immediately after the "British Law Society sent three members of the collegiate distribution park of Zhen Wu." Commander of the French law Mengtuo Bang communicated the same day Foreign Minister: "I ordered the French member of attention , first take in the art and archeology of the most valuable items. to the line will be very rare thing in France at your devotion to His Majesty the Emperor (Napoleon III), and possession of the French Museum. "Grant, the British commander also immediately" to send military officers trying to collect the object belongs to British rule. "Franco-British invasion forces on the second day of admission is no longer able to resist the allure of items, both groups of officers and soldiers rushed forward to fight gang robbed the garden of gold and silver and cultural treasures. Yuanmingyuan can grab too many things. According to a British witness said the entire law in many decorating camp Account piled full of gorgeous colors unusual clocks, the soldiers surrounded the tent, filled with silk and embroidery. A second British soldier 名叫赫利思 officials, rich because of looting in the Summer Palace, enjoy life, got a "China James" nickname. It is involved in the looting of the site who have witnessed the British and French military officers, priests, journalists described: officers and soldiers, British and French, in order to grab the treasure, poured into the Summer Palace from all directions, longitudinal Qian wantonly, to bestow, confused, divided stricken . They are to snatch the treasure, beat each other and even had fights. Because there were so many treasures, the moment they do not know what things to get better, and some moved King Taylan porcelain, embroidered robes, some greedy, some _select_ion of senior fur coat, and some get the clock inlaid gems. Some carry the big bag filled with different kinds of treasures. Some of the large coat pocket to put into gold bars and gold leaf; some half-length satin brocade wrapped; some hat filled with red sapphires, pearls and crystals; some jade necklace hung around his neck. There are rooms with a mountain of high silk, enough is said to use half of Beijing residents, the soldiers have been away with the cart. - A British officer from one of 500 statues of the temple was a gold Buddha grazing can be the value of 1,200 pounds. A French officer robbed of property worth 600,000 francs. French army chief Mengtuo Bang was the son of the treasures can be swept value of 30 million francs carriage filled with a good few more. A second soldier 名叫赫利思 the British government, one that is stolen from the park two golden pagoda (all three, a height of 7 feet, a high 6.4 feet) and a host of other treasures, found 7 were strong for him to move back to the barracks husband. . In addition to looting the aggressor, the ravaging of the things by their more numerous. There are several houses full of silk garments, the clothes were dragged out from the box to throw a man into the house, almost did not cover the knee. Engineers have with ax, smashed all the furniture and remove the top of the stones. Some people break the mirror, others vicious shot to the candelabra, as fun. Most of the French soldiers hand waving wooden sticks, will not take away all the broken things. When the October 9, when the French army to temporarily evacuate the Summer Palace, beautiful gardens, this place has been destroyed was everywhere lupus. * Burning Yuanmingyuan Garden October 18, 19, in the park around three or four thousand British troops _set_ fire to three days and nights do not put out the fire, smoke enveloped Beijing, lingering. This masterpiece is unique in the world together burned landscape. Played after the investigation, according to official Qing Shi, Yuan Ming huge park only two thirty three temples pavilions and temples, the official portal, the value of housing and other buildings survived, but many are missing doors and windows, furnishings, Jian were do looted. Since the same time, Longevity Hill Qingyi Garden, the Fragrant Hills Park and Jade Spring Hill Providence Ming Yuan quiet part of the construction have also been burned. According to the recorded material, October 18, the British invaders burned Anyou house, because they come suddenly, the principal palace eunuchs and locked the door with Anyou, so there were eunuchs, maids, artisans, totaling 300 people, was burned alive in Anyou Palace. Yuanmingyuan, into a sea of fire, when Elgin Wang Xing declared proudly: "This will enable China and the European Tiran shock, its effect is far from the people thousands of miles away who could have imagined." Such acts of arson as the angel of the great performance, and integrity of people around the world for this brutal crime was outraged. Hugo wrote in 1861: "One day, two robbers broke into the Summer Palace, a sack and another _set_ on fire. Seems to victory after they can begin to steal the ... ... two winners, one full of pockets, which are visible, another trunk full of boxes. They hand in hand, smiling back to Europe. "History will be subject to sanctions, the two robbers, one called the French, the other is called the English." This passage represents the aspirations of millions of honest people. Summer Palace is still burning when the Prince Gong in Beijing were ordered to stay all commitments Wilson 䜣 all the conditions of the aggressors. Soon were Britain, France, Russia and Asian countries exchange the "Treaty of Tianjin" text, signed the "Treaty of Beijing." Decay process Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing in 1900, the western suburbs of various gardens suffered another looting. This time, the Qing government has completely lost control of the Yuanmingyuan, looting, robbing people is no longer satisfied with the wealth of foreigners more than robbery, they robbed the park is more than the sporadic fire, scattered buildings, wooden columns, pickets sawing , hove down by a large, park the size of the trees have been deforestation away. Qinghe town of wood was piled, heavy trading, while the park is Tanchang everywhere, branches, roots were all charcoal. Change of the early Republic, like a revolving door of the warlords, regarded as an inexhaustible supply of building materials field Yuanmingyuan, Pu Yi left a lot of files during the record of helplessness: "the military guard, pull carts daily operation of more than 10 Taihu garden. "In fact, I just buy the situation is far more serious than recorded in the file. Yuanmingyuan is removed away Shichang Ming Spring Garden Spring Garden and the Mirror of wood, Wang Huaiqing demolished garden Anyou Palace stone wall and Western Building. Since then, the Yuanmingyuan ruins of building materials who can make something from the ground tiles, roof tiles, wall tiles, stone bar, and underground dowels, wooden blocks, brass channel, etc. have all been collecting clean, pull off 20 years! Thus, the Summer Palace buildings, trees, brick have switched gone. Xuantong Dynasty, a local banner has been the site of the palace in the park building a house, the former Royal Park Linmark ridge sea. 1940, after the Japanese occupation period, the Beijing Food nervous, so reward pioneers. From then on, farmers gradually join in Ping Shan Tian Hu, open rice fields. After this at the Qing prosperity Yuanmingyuan more than 150 years of painstaking efforts of the hills, wins, beyond recognition. Site protection and renovation In 1949, the republic was established, the people's government attached great importance to the protection of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins has listed it as park land and the key cultural relics protection units, the collection of the park dry, on a large scale plantation and greening. In the ten years of chaos, the sites were subjected to some damage, but it was saved, after all: the water system throughout the garden and the garden of Park Yamagata garden pattern remains, nearly half of the land into green areas. More than ten million trees grow into a forest, the majority of base building can still be found, dozens of rockery Stones are still visible, the site of the stone floor, remnants of Western quite noticeable. 1976, after the formal establishment of the Yuanmingyuan Administration, site protection, significant progress in greening, Western House, the local area by cleaning and finishing, the site of the eastern half of the Garden Path, Garden Cup facilities from scratch, has improved year by year to Parks pay tribute to those who visit a substantial increase in the history of the Yuanmingyuan Park, Exhibition Hall, held since November 1979, of which one-tenth of group visits to primary and secondary students. In 1983, the State Council approved the "Master Plan of Beijing Urban Construction", a clear planning for the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park. In the same year, the Beijing municipal government allocated special funds to repair the park's northeastern Changchun, 2,300 meters south side tiger stone walls. Haidian District in Beijing and the Institute of Government and the Summer Palace and other community care and support, in September 1984, Haidian Township Yuanmingyuan Park Management Office and the farmers to achieve a joint, take the form of public assistance office, relying on the forces of social preparation, common development and construction Ruins Park. Protection of the ruins so that renovation work has taken a decisive step. The first phase is the refurbishment of Fuhai, December 1, 1984 groundbreaking, which took place 7 months water storage vessel. 1985 Spring Garden Yamagata MENG Dong Qi River and then repair to be completed early summer next year. Excavation phase of the project are two mountain lakes fill the main and the construction of Road, Bridge and garden services, clearing of ancient base to carry out afforestation and beautification. Fixed moving 40 million cubic meters for two years, the scope of the ll0 hectares restored Yamagata basic water, water surface of 55 hectares. Yaotai Fuhai Centre Island East Island, Punta, "Yonhap mountains" and the West Island garden pavilion, a new palace chi Spring Garden, and Western European-style maze floor (thousand flowers array), have been repaired at the site in accordance with the AS. After two years of renovation later improved, Heritage Park beginning to take shape, at 29 June 1988, the official ticket sales open to the community. 6 years, more than 1,000 million park visitors. The renovation of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park for the construction of 6 major areas of work; First, continue to improve and perfect the Fuhai, two scenic green chi Spring Garden landscaping, Park Road bridge and service facilities. Second, the garden is the site clean-up order, were significantly improved. The two scenic islands have Yaotai Peng, Han virtual Lang Kam, Mission Hills Church, do not have a hole prematurely, Han Autumn Hall, the day the heart surface, Feng Lin Chau, more than at the site, removal ballast soil, site clearance Dan Jianji, finishing near the water platform, the definition of the scope of the site, standing stones engraved Moritoki picture, for visitors to pay tribute. Third, choose to fix a few spots, such as the fairy-chi Cheng Spring Garden Terrace, words and noble Pitt Pavilion, Journey Into Amazing Caves of the four kiosks Fuhai. Fourth, a full complement puzzle Spring Garden chi natural stone revetment eastern half of the rivers and lakes, namely, extending 4,960 meters. Fifth, a comprehensive site clean-up and sorted out the western half of Western House, clearance and transport 16,000 cubic meters of soil ballast, harmonic Trolltech clearance, storage buildings, pet bird care, square appearance, five bamboo pavilion, Haiyan Tong and other ancient buildings in each block and the fountain base and pedestal column homing wall of a large number of pieces of stone. Sixth, from December 1992, the completely renovated Yamagata River Park Conservancy, to basically completed in April 1994. Co-moving earth more than 20 million cubic meters of dredging rivers and lakes water 28 hectares, the entire stone revetment to extend 9,500 meters, finishing 42 Yamagata, Yamagata river systems to the park basically restored. And organize the Haiyue cardigan, never thinking fast, fluid, Hong Zhu, was the whole Court, Kam Park, Lion, etc. the site and near the water garden pedestal; mining title plaque reduction Emperor Qianlong Stele 31 poems; planted all kinds of Joe More than 35,400 shrubs, plants (Cong), planted 10 hectares of lotus by lotus. At this point, the entire eastern half of the Yuan Ming Garden III (200 hectares) site has been initially built contiguous landscape. Today, the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park, is Shanqing Water Pik, verdant and luxuriant trees, flowers and fragrant, attractive scenery. It features rich site, also with park function, is a patriotic education and the masses a good place for recreation. Farmers from the United States and the park to build gardens that form, after several years of transition, overall condition of the park to open up the site matures. Construction of overall planning in accordance with the requirements of the capital, to accelerate the pace of building the park site, in 1990 and 1993 in two batches for the formal area of the site of the park all the acquisition procedures of the garden of the original land to non-farmers living in the agricultural population, and placed in the labor force engaged in garden construction. This three parks in the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park within the building, protection of cultural relics has created new conditions. For the same. * Kangxi period: Forty years Kangxi (1709), Emperor Kangxi (ie, Xuan Ye Qing Patriarch) to the northwest of Beijing Chang Chun promised the North in a garden of a fourth son Yin zhen given, and the amount of pro-theme park, "Summer Palace." * Yongzheng period: Yongzheng three years (1725), the Yongzheng Emperor (ie, Sejong Yin Qing zhen) south of the Yuanmingyuan Palace Yashu build, covers an area from the original six acres to expand to three thousand acres. Since then, the Summer Palace is not only open place to visit the Qing dynasty emperor, but also they will be minister of the DPRK, met with foreign diplomats to deal with the daily government of the place. * Qianlong period: Qianlong Emperor (ie Gaozong Hong Li) ascended the throne after the adjustment of the garden in the Summer Palace in the landscape, adding to the building group, and in the east and southeast of the Yuanmingyuan built adjacent Spring Garden Conservancy Park and Yee (renamed million when the Spring Garden Tongzhi .) All three gardens, belong to the management of Yuanmingyuan management minister, said the three-Ming Palace Park. * Xianfeng period: Xianfeng years (1860) in August, British and French forces invaded Beijing. October 6, occupied the Winter Palace. From the next day, officers and soldiers to carry out looting and destruction of crazy. For conferences and forced the Qing government to accept the conditions as soon as possible, the British Minister of Elgin, the British commander of the Grant to the Qing government had captured the British and French officers imprisoned in the Summer Palace as an excuse to order Mitchell will be Oct. 18 in the invading army led by three thousand Five hundred people headed towards the Summer Palace, _set_ on fire. The fire lasted three days and three nights. * Wen after the period: Tongzhi years (1750 --- 1949), chih Emperor Ready to Repair the Summer Palace, residence for the Empress Dowager Cixi. Later because of financial difficulties, was forced to stop, converted other buildings. In 1900, the Boxer Rebellion invaded Beijing, Yuanmingyuan was destroyed again. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, a number of warlords, politicians, bureaucrats, have stolen building supplies from the Old Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan Ruins further damaged. * People's Republic of period: After the founding of the PRC, the state attaches great importance to the protection of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins. In 1979, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan Ruins is listed as key protection units. After the refurbishment of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins gradually. Is now being turned into the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park.
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Landscape Architecture
Architectural Features Summer Palace in northwest Beijing, Ming dynasty. 1709, the Qing Emperor Kangxi of the park given to four sub-Yin Chen (later Emperor Yongzheng), and named the Winter Palace. The Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, dynasty, Emperor Xianfeng 150 five years of operation, a large concentration of material, and numerous servitude craftsmen, poured blood and sweat of millions of working people, put it into a well to create a grand scale, scenic palace . Qing emperors came here every summer to summer, hearings, dealing with military affairs, and therefore called "Palace." Yuanmingyuan stretching around 10 kilometers from the Summer Palace, Wan Spring Garden, Changchun garden composition, and to Summer Palace the most, it is referred to Summer Palace (also known as the Yuanmingyuan Park III). In addition, there are many genera Park, located in the Old Summer Palace in the east, west and south side, including the Providence Park Fragrant Hills, a quiet, Yuquan Shan Ming Yuen, Ching Yi Park (the Summer Palace was built on this basis is up) and so on, all together 5,000 acres of park area. Summer Palace is not only a collection of South Park, a number of scenic spots, but also creatively transplanted Western garden building, _set_ at the culmination of ancient and modern garden art. Park in the magnificent palaces, exquisite pavilions are lightweight; a symbol of vibrant markets, "trading Street", a symbol of the rural scenery of the "Hill"; have modeled Pinghuqiuyue West Lake in Hangzhou, Lei Feng sun_set_, a replica of a lion in Suzhou scenic forest; also modeled on the ancient poet, the painter's poetic construction, such as Penglai Yaotai, Wuling Spring and so on. It can be said, Yuanmingyuan is blood and sweat of working people and the crystallization of the wisdom, the Chinese people built Building a model of arts and culture. Not only that, the Summer Palace is also within the various collections of many priceless style, extremely rare books and rich history of precious historical relics such as ancient paintings, gold and silver jewelry, Song porcelain, called the treasure house of human culture, one The same can be said that it is a world's largest museum. * Construction of the water theme features: Yuanmingyuan garden landscaping and more water as the theme of water as a result of interest, many of which are directly draw the famous water features southern charm. After the Summer Palace Lake, built around the lake after the nine islands, is the territory, "Yu Gong" "Jiuzhou" the symbol. Build all the island groups of small garden or landscape, both have their own characteristics, and each other through into the scene. Upper and lower north shore sky, Yang F, List of Dongting Lake is quite Dengyue takes the wins, "Chuihong driving lake, winding room for improvement, repair clip wing bar, for the wide booths. Pattern reflection, Hwang Mei Yang threshold, the volley overlooking a Bi boundless expanse. " Tan sway in the West Bank, Hangzhou Yuquan resembles Immersió, commonly known as goldfish pond "country music for the fish pond digging, pool weeks Shexia, Jinlin thousands of head." Yuanmingyuan West Articles Ann, housing built in the lake, shaped as Swastika, cool, looks out across the exquisite embroidery Valerian if Yee. Yongzheng Emperor likes to live. Mizuki the Yuanmingyuan Mincer north, with the West (Caesar) Water Act water comes in, turn the fan, "Lin Sese, water clear qin melody, group sounds of the wind stream moving, blackbird sound alarms." Qianlong Emperor likes to cool off. West Lake Park in Changchun Haiyue cardigan in white jade giant round table has a three-house, from afar like a mirage. Penglai among Fuhai Yaotai, drawn from the mythical Penglai Xiandao, formerly known as Penglai Island. According to legend, Qin Shi Huang had sent a man named Xu, led more than a thousand boys and girls, out to sea east, to search for him in Wonderland, Immortality medicine to corporate longevity. This of course can only be "Haike about Yingzhou, smoke Tao Weimang hard to find the letter." The Yongzheng Emperor's Summer Palace is to artisans in East Lake with boulders piled into the size of the islands, a symbol of the legendary Penglai, Chou, abbot of the "three mountains", the island has a Diange share units, "we hope for, if Jintang five. Yuk-second "hit" Xu Fuhai in seeking "the implication, the East Lake named" Fook. " And four banks in Fuhai also has dozens of other parks Lin Jiajing. Fuhai, East and West, North and South of the width of five to six meters, plus a small surrounding waters of about 35 hectares, equivalent to the surface of Beihai Park. Here the open water, beautiful scenery, each in the Dragon Boat Festival, dragon boat races held in this large-scale activities. July 15 night, watch the lanterns, this emperor. Winter ice, the emperor of ice take the bed in Fuhai Tour. Summer Palace is actually a water Fuhai entertainment center. * The culmination of the national assembly building features: Old Summer Palace also a notable feature is the large number of imitation was built around the country, especially the many famous gardens in southern scenic spots. Emperor Qianlong had six trip to the south of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Hongli, five times Tour West, East tour Daiyue, parade Rehe, Mukden (ie, Shenyang) and the winding and other places. Each to one place, where the famous victory of his favorite water, name of park scenery, let G plotted map accompanying artist, returned to Beijing after the simulation was built in the park. According to incomplete statistics, the Yuanmingyuan garden landscape, there is a direct copy of no less than four-fifty. Hangzhou West Lake, even the name is also word for word all the imitation was built in the park. As the saying goes: Who is good scenery of Jiangnan Road, shift-day reduction in the king arms. After the Qianlong emperor's southern tour, the Summer Palace has built in imitation of famous gardens around the south. One of the Northwest Fuhai Alan Park. When twenty years of Qianlong's southern tour, once Haining Chen corner Park as the line of Hall, and named "tranquil garden." Emperor Qianlong of the park structures like what is going on, back in the Summer Palace in Beijing after a four-book store should be about the location imitation alterations and additions. Park into the later, issue called "tranquil garden", was built in imitation of three other famous gardens, the park in Changchun. One is twenty-three years of Qianlong, Eastern Hospital in Chai Yong thinking, modeled on the West Lake in Hangzhou Wang's Park one day built a small garden; a Qianlong three years, modeled on the Jiangning (that is, Nanjing), such as built Zhanyuan Park; a thirty-seven years Qianlong, modeled on a famous garden in Suzhou built in the Lion. Such as Park and Lion, all were more than 16 scenic spots. Yuanmingyuan Xifeng beauty, Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperor seventh day of each July, Tanabata clever banquet place _set_ting. Here you can view the Western Hills, by far, the West Bank has a _set_ of overlapping mountains, Zhi Jun Song Crest, a mountain stream waterfall into the next emergency. Looking like a closer look at the Lushan Zhi Jun momentum, take the name of "Little Kuang." Archaeology sat stone, imitation from the Orchid Pavilion, Shaoxing Hueiji Sanin. Built in the Yongzheng, commonly known as flow cup booths. Wang and other scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had Yonghe March 3 (ie, Shangsi day), will Hueiji Lanting, music Origination water, poetry repair wedge (the festival), transferred for the elephants. Yuanmingyuan this Lanting, in Chek stream, the steep stone columns, shock separate injection, has a three-bay double eaves and open booths. Qianlong four years, collected from ancient calligraphy "Lanting Xu" post 6, coupled with sensitivity in the scholar and the Qianlong Emperor in his own handwriting, together as the "Orchid Pavilion eight column volumes." Citing to the Emperor Qianlong converted into all directions, and into columns, each column carved a quote, this is the famous Summer Palace Lanting eight columns. Kuoran Grand Duke, later collectively Double-Crane, fasting, and imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Huishan built. The northern half of this scene is the mid-Qianlong, modeled on the winding stone chamber static Yunlin Villa sent rocks, Stones made. Jiaqing poem in praise of "Double-Crane Studio": the structure of deep imitation Huishan, Monarch undergoing a decline Jichang environment. Qiao Qian Songyou Mao Qu footpath, rough stone is not stubborn hole. People know the Garden of Harmonious Interests, Summer Palace, is the imitation of Chi Chang Yuan Huishan built, in fact, was built in imitation of Yuanmingyuan also sent Chang Park. Just built two imitation mood is different. Wuling Spring, depict the Tao "Peach Blossom Spring," the artistic conceptions. Built from the late Kangxi, Yongzheng Taohuawu when called, the place was Hong Li study, the book room called "Lok Sin Tong." This scene, claims to have hickory trees. Suzhou Chang Taohuawu an old door, according to legend is the former residence of Flirting. Taohuawu Yuanmingyuan, Xi Yong although its name, but not the Wu Sheng Yuan peach blossoms can be compared to the next. * Construction of form features: Yuan Ming Garden, a total of three hundred at the garden park and landscape architecture group, known as the hundred views. Assembly hall, pavilion, pavilions, Hin Terrace, Chai Museum, Gallery veranda and other landscape architecture, a total of about 16 million square meters. All building area than the Forbidden City more than ten thousand square meters. Park's buildings, both ancient palace architecture draws on the advantages, but also in the plane configuration, the appearance of form, the group broke through the combination of many aspects of the shackles of official specifications, solicit gaming, in various forms. Create a lot of north and south in China are extremely rare architectural forms, such as word Xuan, Mei Yue Xuan, Tian Temple words, there are fan-shaped, bow-shaped face, round mirror-shaped, Shaped, mountain-shaped, cross, square Sheng-shaped, book-shaped and so on. Coupled with the garden layout, with the potential for King, mix; the garden of the King and the phase ring _set_s, into the deep layers, forming a rich, natural beauty and harmonious whole. French missionaries Attiret, there was a description of the image, he said: Yuanmingyuan building, form much more varied, and uneven, original style. It is a small palace for each are as if the model is made in accordance with strange, like a random arrangement, no one with the other one similar. Things are so great interest, not in the list of people under the piece of scenery to enjoy, we must examine it bit by bit. * Construction of religious identity: Yuanmingyuan garden temples, but also reflects one aspect of ancient Chinese culture. Anyou Palace (Hong Tze Yong Hu), Jingshan life in accordance with the old Imperial Palace built cases. For offerings Kangxi, Yongzheng Emperor, "Royal God" is the royal ancestral hall park. Palace nine, main ridge of the eaves Xie Shan, covered with yellow glazed tile roof, is the largest body of a park building. Qiao Yan around the cap, the axis of the southern tip of China, there are two tables, to give people a sense of solemn, square pots shengjing, located in the Gulf Fuhai northeast shore, is the fantasy of the mountains in accordance with the construction of Joan Court, according to historical records, where more than 2200 Buddha statues enshrined there, there are more than 30 blocks pagoda. This is the front of the building at the base of the white marble, "the mountain" shape, into the water. The whole body building large, magnificent. When early morning mist, the building and disappeared in the smoke is, like Joan Tower Yaotai general. This is the style and momentum of the buildings is in the landscape architecture of the existing rare. Savatthi, is a typical Buddhist architecture. Ancient India is said to be modeled on the layout of the bridge construction Saro State capital, the city there are temples, houses 326. Kangxi, whenever the Emperor, Empress Dowager birthday, princes Minister Jin Feng of the Buddha are kept in here. Including gold, and silver, and jade carving, copper plastic, and year after year, as high as hundreds of thousands of statues. Yuanmingyuan was looted burned, only the loss of this premises, whether economic or cultural value of artistic value, are difficult to estimate the numbers. * Summer Palace architecture evaluation: Yuanmingyuan garden reflects the ancient Chinese art of the essence, was the best of a large garden. Emperor Qianlong it: The "Tempo of the District of Hope, the land of Emperor Yu Yu, nothing to more than this." And the history of landscape architecture in the world, also occupies an important position. Its reputation spread to Europe, known as the "garden of the garden." Great French writer Victor Hugo in 1861, such assessment: "Just to imagine it was a very heart fascinated, as the moon, like the castle building, Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan means) is such a building." So often said: Greek Parthenon, the pyramids in Egypt, the Coliseum in Rome, the Orient Palace. This is an amazing unique masterpiece. Location and scale Material and the whole nation of the Qing Dynasty, _set_ numerous Seiko craftsman, Tian Hu Shan heap, planting unusual flowers of wood, _set_ of 40 spots at home and abroad King, built a large building 145, the received countless art treasures and books artifacts. In these buildings, in addition to a Chinese-style courtyard, CA park there Haiyan Tang, Ying Yuan view of other Western-style buildings, known as the "garden of the garden." In 1860, British and French forces invaded Beijing, the Summer Palace destroyed. Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing in 1900 burning, killing and looting, the Empress Dowager Cixi fled relying Emperor Xian, Banners soldiers, bandits looting the park that remnants of local ruffians and basic repair after another about hundred buildings, were demolished grab a space, so that construction of Yuanmingyuan and old trees were completely destroyed. Subsequently, the Yuanmingyuan relics, but also long been bureaucrats, warlords, profiteers predatory, and even damage the Administration's organized. Northern Government dignitaries, including some of the Yuanmingyuan ruins bear the responsibility to protect, and both are relying on power, have moved away from the Old Summer Palace in stone, Taihu, in order to repair the garden house. That invaders not only rob the precious historical relics, and mercilessly put it into ashes. Summer Palace covers an area of 350 hectares, of which the surface area of about 140 hectares, Yuanmingyuan Palace area ratio of buildings on land more than ten thousand square meters, equivalent to a water area of the Summer Palace has a total area equal to 8.5 actually the Forbidden City! Summer Palace, had its grand geographical scale, and create outstanding art, fine group of buildings landscape, rich culture collection and profound cultural connotation and reputation in the world, known as "a model for all the garden art" and "million Park of the Park. " October 6, 1860 British and French troops looted the Summer Palace, relics were looted, October 18 -19 days more than three thousand invaders broke into the hospital, the park's buildings were burned. Yuanmingyuan was a miracle and the fabulous ruins, leaving only ruins for visitors to pay tribute. The construction of the situation * Historical background: * Topographic features and architectural history of the construction of Yuanmingyuan: Beijing's western suburbs, there are continuous Xishan Xiufeng: Yuquan Hill, Longevity Hill, Wanquanzhuang, North Haidian and other terrain, since the natural flow are everywhere, in the low-lying merged into large and small lakes at the pond. Yuquan landscape from west to east along the mountain into the Kunming Lake, the largest water into the western suburbs. This opened up large tracts of paddy fields, forming a natural beauty. Early in the Liao Dynasty, the feudal emperors to _select_ Yuquan Hill palace built here, in the Ming Dynasty, where the natural beauty to attract more visitors, so some VIPs to occupy the garden construction house, large pieces of land were accounted for. The Ming Dynasty, Li Wei Ming Hou royalty Wuqing scale development projects here, the first construction of the grand scale, known as "the first national park in Beijing," the Tsinghua University Park (displace in this west wall of Peking University). M million clock was subsequently cleared Huayuan Dong wall guided lake, the provision governing the elegant beauty of the "spoon Park", take "Haidian spoonful" means. Open countryside, there has been pavilions and lakes and mountains each other and become renowned on the outskirts of Beijing gather garden land. To the Qing Dynasty, the emperor also took a fancy piece of excellent garden west of the land. Began the construction of large-scale gardens. * Implementation of Yuanmingyuan built: Yuanmingyuan location north of Tuen Mun in the Guajia, about a mile away from the multi-Chang Chun, Ji Jin north of Peking University, Tsinghua University west. Kangxi era of the Summer Palace, which has the former lake, after Lake water, and its built-in "Peony Taiwan", "natural drawing" and other landscaping. When the Yuanmingyuan Garden, or a fan, thanks to the time scale can not be more than the emperor's Chang Chun, so much built King, reputation is not large, far less than the Chang Chun. But later ascended the throne as the masters of the Qing dynasty, the arrival of the millennium, the expansion in its 60 years in succession, it finally became China's most magnificent imperial garden ever. Lei Jinyu named the chief architect of the Yuanmingyuan, the construction of the Forbidden City when he was in the reign of Emperor Kangxi in fancy but in practice most of the construction or the emperor's views, whether Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong personally or guidance, so Lei Jinyu unusual joy. And to create a "hot plate" model approach. The Xianfeng been destroyed. Garden Structures The history of the Summer Palace, is the Summer Palace, Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden (Spring Garden million) component. Tight three adjoining park, known as Yuanmingyuan. Total area of 5,200 mu (about 350 hectares), but also the entire range than the Summer Palace, a large nearly acres. Feudal emperors in the Qing Dynasty more than 150 years between the creation and operation of a large royal palace. Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, dynasty, emperor Xianfeng five, have many years living in the Old Summer Palace leisurely pleasures, and this held in North Korea to deal with political affairs, and the Forbidden City (Imperial Palace) was the same as the national political center, especially the Qing emperor, said to be as the "Royal Park." Just hang a plaque in there more than 600 blocks. * Summer Palace: Mainly built in the Kangxi and Yongzheng Dynasty, Yongzheng Dynasty, the garden landscape garden group has three acres throughout the range. Qianlong period, there have been many additions in the park and alterations. The park's main garden landscape group, there is the famous "Forty Yuanmingyuan King" (that is open and aboveboard, diligent pro-Yin, Jiuzhou Qing Yan, thread goes on to open, natural pictures, Bi Tong College, Temple & P care, from top to bottom Kwong, Heng Fa Chuen Chun Museum, Tan sway, RU this ancient Han, Changchun Koon, Articles Ann, Wuling Spring, high mountains, on to the cloud abode, Chee Yong Hong Hu, the Department of Fong College, Lin word on days , Dan Bo quiet, mapping water spearmint, Mizuki Mincer, Lianxilechu Department, more than Jia clouds, diving kite flying, the North is far Village, Xifeng beauty, four should be a library and side pot shengjing, bath body bath Germany, Pinghuqiuyue, Peng Island Yaotai, then Xiushan room, amazing, the clip throughout Ming Qin, Han virtual Long Jian, Kuoran Emirates, sitting stone Archaeology, Quyuanfenghe, Cave deep), and purple Bishan room, algae garden, if Fan of the Court, the text source of Court, etc.. The main plaque was hung about 600 landscape architecture, in fact, ancient and modern imperial garden of the crown. * Million Spring Garden: Earlier the grant was originally Di Yi Wang Yunxiang pro, was built about Kangxi Dynasty, had changed after the scholar Fu Heng given to thirty-five years of Qianlong (1770) was officially incorporated into the palace garden, naming Yee Spring Garden. Range of time does not include the north-west. Jiaqing four years and sixteen years, the western part of the park and come in two successively given park, one married Shuang Wang Xing West Village, one King and Master Zhuang Hui Park with the Princess, the large-scale repairs and alterations , added after the beginning of the park with acres of scale, to become emperor Park, home to one of the main garden. Thus, the Yuan Ming garden in the heyday of the three. Jiaqing first, "King-chi thirty Spring Garden," poem, and then gradually into more than 20 new King, King was more well-known group has deposited Spring Garden Hall, Qing Xia, fasting, and Han Qiu Museum, the Health and winter rooms, four should Random House, Ze-Chun Chai, Feng Lin Chau, Wei algae together, and in Church, Bristol to enjoy, bamboo homes, Rain in Hillside Garden, Yanyu Pavilion, with Fai House, Jerneh Tong, Chang and Tong, Zhan Qing Xuan, Zhao cool pavilion, Ling Xu Ting , nearly 30. Plaque hanging garden building hundreds of seats. Yee Spring Garden palace, built in Jiaqing fourteen years (1809), as large than the Summer Palace and the palace was built in Changchun Park, half a century later the second palace, also known as the "new palace," still in use. Since the dynasty, since the early years, the deposition of the Park Road area of the converted church after the spring, as the care of their own where the Empress Dowager; but Park West Zhu Jing, still has been a dynasty, Emperor Xianfeng's Park home range. The park was destroyed in 1860, after years trying to rebuild in the Tongzhi, the renamed million in Spring Garden. Western-style area, a total area of Changchun Garden thousand acres. Hanging plaque of landscape architecture is about 200 blocks. * Western House: Western Tower and the entire area of not more than three parks Ming Palace one-fiftieth of the total area, only a small part only. But it is built into a piece of imitation of a successful attempt of European gardens. Exchanges in the history of this thing Fangyuan Lin, occupies an important position. Has aroused strong repercussions in Europe. A witnessed its Western House, Western missionaries praise: _Set_ in a beautiful good fun, where people can dream to, the grand and peculiar fountain everything, the greatest of the can and the Palace of Versailles and Shengke Lao church fountain to keep pace. The missionary's conclusion is: Old Summer Palace are, China Versailles.
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Landscape Features
Yuanmingyuan was a collection of South Park, a number of scenic features of ancient China into the essence of garden art, garden to garden art practices, will melt in the ever-changing scene of poetic being. Yuanmingyuan imperial court for the southern district, official handling of the emperor, of which there is towards a testimony of the most famous temple fair and square. The rest were distributed in 40 scenic spots, including 50 scenic spots in the field of directly imitating famous garden scenery, as Henin's tranquil garden. Pinghuqiuyue West Lake in Hangzhou, Lei Feng sun_set_, Suzhou Lion Forest ....... . not only imitate the building, even the name is also copied. Also worship their ancestors Anyou Palace, the banquet held in high mountains buildings, simulation, "Spirit Mountain Pavilion map" Penglai Yaotai, reproduction, "Peach Blossom Spring," Spring in the realm of Wuling. Even more interesting is, the Summer Palace also has a Western-style garden area. The most famous "water law" is a Western fountains million to spend, and Haiyan Tong array maze, etc., with the Italian Renaissance style. In the lake there is a model of Venice, the Emperor sat by the bank can appreciate the mountain thousands of miles outside the "water city landscape." Main view 【Large】 large palace palace 5, the south, in front of a large platform, East and West toward the room of the five; room corner after another colt toward the housing of the type 27; East for the cases of human government, Cabinet, Board of Rites, the Ministry of Personnel, Ministry of War, Censorate, of Disaster, the Imperial Academy, Zhanshi House, Imperial College, Miriam Wei Luan, and east of the value of the flag room; west, the Ministry, Board of Punishments, and Industry, Astronomical , Imperial Household, Guanglu Temple, through the Chief Secretary, supreme court, Administrations for Frontier Minorities Temple, Chang Temple, Tai Pusi, Yushu Department, Si hospital, military preparations Hospital, West of the value of the four flag room. Hall】 【fair and square fair and square is the Old Summer Palace's main hall house, a birthday every year by the Emperor He, the new song feast is pro-fan, a small feast courtier, Ghost feast and watch the dragon dance celebration, the College Entrance Examination John Chan, scattered and re-examination of the Provincial Examination Hall place. Dianshang hanging Yongzheng handwritten "above board" board, hall 7, the platform in front of large, east and west side hall of the five. Yin Temple】 【diligent diligent pro-pro-Yin Hall, Room before the Hall of Mental Cultivation West Snappers, located east of the house fair and square, the height of summer when the emperor for the office of the Department, there are halls 5. North _set_ up the throne, south window, the East Wall to open the door, and the similarities between the Ming Hall of Mental Cultivation, the emperor summoned the Minister of the community. Wooden window screen Baoxia inner circle, and between the separated out, the more secretive. Original palace life is now on display. Snappers of the West Hall of Mental Cultivation, the emperor handle daily affairs, a separate meeting with Secretary of State, marking the place exam successful candidates. Snappers of the north wall hanging plaque inscribed with the Yongzheng Emperor: "diligent pro-Yin" plaque under the screen text is the Qianlong emperor's poems. Xi as one entrusted King and beyond the kernel. Second Code Chuan family laws, Respect and handling people. No awe-inspiring three-Bong, Grand Duchy of any private pro. When four-order co-month performance in the Fu Xi Chen. Teachers with five things but its necessary to prepare the body. Six House Lai Renovation, and its facilities are dependents. Impassioned when introspection, fear for the selfish desires perish. Bazhen a fee Gan, Nianbi hunger Lun. Nine Yang politicians, urgent Man Zheng and Wei Chen. Writing in ten screen Yi, where listening to teacher Paul Zhun. Largest construction - diligent and pro-Yin Hall, located in a courtyard in the west, it is in front of the palace gates and decorated second gate, decorated second door is a large courtyard, diligent, pro-Yin Temple to the north living in this compound. "Qinzheng" is a four Miankuo the hall, which is particularly wide. Center with the emperor's throne hall, is a tall throne behind the screen, the screen on the Qianlong Emperor Hong Li handwritten "no Yat" word. Carve the essays hall tables and chairs filled with red sandalwood, the Carve the pattern has Three Friends of Winter, flowers, feathers, landscapes, delicate cutting work, modeling realistic. Chair and the couch was covered with embroidered yellow satin chairs cairica Phi and mattress. Interval hall rooms, all small carved rosewood engrave the wall, with shelves and storage on both sides of the throne of the volume of the bookcase by the Code. Qianlong period, Hong Li memorial marking here, summoned to court officials. Summer, the summer heat Qianlong office and dining place again by the "Qinzheng" moved to the East Hall of the "Bi Cong-fang," because the courtyard in front of Fang Ridge Bi Cong rocks everywhere, blowing bamboo cover, cool and pleasant. Fang Bi is the northern cluster - a big courtyard, the courtyard rockery stone, stone lake lot, and planted with banana, crabapple and other ornamental flowers and trees full of tropical fun. Courtyard, often you can see cranes in the precious stone flower operation between a pair of tick Ling put wings, laid back music. Gallery under the eaves on both sides of the fine variety of rare birds and bird cages, clear and melodious song from time to time. 【】 Kyushu Kyushu Yan Qing Yan Qing temple fair and square in the former northern shore of Lake across the lake with the sea, into the south to the main hall consists of three components, the first into the house for the Summer Palace, the middle three selfless Feng Temple, the most northern Kyushu Hall Yan Qing; east central axis "Heaven and Earth, a spring" for the dynasty, was born at; west "Le Ann" is Qianlong's palace; then Qing Hui West Court, north wall hung a huge panorama of the Yuanmingyuan, the existing original museum in Paris, France ; dynasty years and in the "History of the book builds," built around "Shen de Tang" and other temples are the emperor palace; dynasty sixteen years, the Summer Palace Temple, Upon the house of three disinterested, Kyushu Qing Yan Temple. At the same time the fire burned; Yongzheng Emperor, the Qing Emperor Daoguang Yan died in the house of Kyushu. 【】 Changchun Changchun Koon Koon, was built in Qianlong nine years, AD 1744. Sen Museum is located at the former Lake in Changchun west, before living in the Qianlong reign, there are three doors of the house, main hall 5. January opened the cloud】 【Lou Lou goes on to open formerly known as The Peony Pavilion, located in the southeast corner of the lake after the construction timber to catch wood-based, two-color glazed tiles cover Dianding; Qianlong's reign, was renamed "Lou goes on to open" and Qianlong eleven years, also inscribed "Jisi Tang" board; hospital colored peony planting hundreds of trees. College】 【Bi Bi Tong Tong College, built in the Qianlong nine years, AD 1744. After the lake is located in the northeast corner, is a study. Sky】 【up and down and down after the lake is located northwest sky, as the two buildings, ascends the building may be overlooking the lake color. Heng Fa Chuen, Heng Fa Chuen Chun Museum】 【Spring Museum is located at the western sky and down, east and west facing the lake premises, the West Court has Heng Fa Chuen, the Museum vegetable garden in front. Tan Tan Tan Tan sway sway】 【close to the West Bank after the lake, is dedicated to fish culture zones in the Old Summer Palace, surrounded by built premises, the middle of a large pond dug. Articles Wo Wo】 【Articles Spring Museum in the west of Paradise, built in the shape of large water temple buildings, there are 33. 【F】 high mountains high mountains sway Tan House in the west, for a two-story building to the west, the upper and lower 9; owned even before the ring post after the stream, the middle flat, specifically a banquet Outlying Prefectures of Department, and often hold skill competition arrows. 【】 Same park with the park after the Lake is located in the northeast, is the largest park in the stage, there Qingyin Ge Layer 3, 10, ten feet wide, the lower-performance effects of the crankshaft; south dressing room 5, the north view of Theater 5 room; Qianlong year from the first month of thirteen paid in this section will be held, feast days of kings and the Outlying Prefectures Pei Chen Clan tours and tours to listen to opera, during the emperor birthday, also celebrated a few days of this act. 【Anyou Palace at Yuanmingyuan Xibei Yu】 Anyou Palace, built in the Qianlong years, complete imitation of the Forbidden City built the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the hall has on display Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong portrait. Mizuki Mizuki】 【Mincer Mincer small park located north of Lake after the central gathering area, water bamboo living imitation of Yangzhou, which consists of soil hydraulic fan, is the view of the garden's first water law. Mizuki Savatthi】 【Mincer Savatthi in the east, a garden dedicated to open up a small town, modeled on the ancient capital of India, the city Saro bridge built layout is dedicated to a variety of Buddhist statues and collections areas. Enclosing walls of a rectangular, north to south and from east to west, around the walled city, a total provision of four. Was cross city streets, built a house, building 326, is connected with a veranda; also built several blocks magnificent scene. Before the city opened a special sale through the north-south street, called Suzhou Street, opened by the palace eunuchs dressed as businessmen selling, buying and selling Street French priest Attiret have more detailed records. 【Culture Club】 source text Mincer Mizuki Pavilion is located north of the source, said four of the original pavilion, Zhejiang Qianlong's southern tour, the replica of the Ming Dynasty in Ningbo, Tianyi Pavilion Library in alterations, special storage, "Si Ku Quan Shu." Duke】 【Kuoran Kuoran Emirates also known as Double-Crane, fasting, and is located in the northeast Savatthi is a larger garden building, main building is to the south a large pool, garden views reflected in the water still ran two King; otherwise Shiyong Tang, Ling charge depths and other attractions. Xifeng Xiuse】 【Xifeng Xiuse small park called Lushan, Jiangxi Lushan modeled conversion; after the wall of the Huagangguanyu, modeled on the scenic West Lake in Hangzhou is built. Annual Tanabata, clever display in the banquet event. Four Four】 【Yi Yi Random House Random House is located in the northeast of the Grand Duke Kuoran has five halls, the main hall, said Alan Park, the Qianlong southern tour, the modeled Haining Hangzhou Bay Park, a converted corner, surnamed Chen. Village】 【Far North Far North in the Great Northern Village east gate, across paddy fields, the name of the premises concerned with the farming, rendering rich pastoral scenery. 【】 Side pot square pot shengjing Fuhai water in Dongbei Yu Sheng Jing, as a huge mountain shaped buildings. Penglai Penglai Yaotai】 【Fuhai Yaotai in Central, a total of three islands, structure and layout according to the ancient painter Li Xun's "Spirit Mountain Pavilion" paint design; palace 3, the main hall 7, before the house out East Chang lapel House, West Mishima Island out of God, is with the east side hall Namie Amuro, West Piandian good news for the day peace sound; the southeast there is a Bridge, can pass the East Island, the island has a kiosk Yinghai mountains; northwest have a bridge, can pass the North Island, the island was built temples 3. Xiushan room】 【then pick Fuhai Xiushan room is located southeast of the interior rosewood lacquer used in all the above are embedded in gold and silver, precious stones, ivory, engraving on both of these rare treasures with the landscapes, castles, figures, flowers and trees, birds and insects. This decorative, carved from design to technology by the late Ming and craftsmen founded in Hangzhou one week last name, it said Zhou system in China plays an important role in the history of sculpture. Pinghuqiuyue】 【Pinghuqiuyue in Fuhai Xibei Yu, modeling Pinghuqiuyue fusion of West Lake in Hangzhou and double plug the essence of the cloud. Quyuanfenghe】 【Quyuanfenghe park is located south of the West Bank from Fuhai, the main hall in a row 5, rebuilding homes modeled on West Lake in Hangzhou music, cross-pool also has a 9 hole large stone bridge. Chunhua Xuan Xuan】 【Chunhua ranked Changchun garden center the main building, built in, which coincided with "the moment Chunhua Pavilion paste" was completed about two pairs of rigid embedded in Langbi Gallery, the Villa, and hence the name. "The moment Chunhua Pavilion paste" stereotype 144, a total of 10 volumes, brings together 99 of the authentic ancient masters; carved and then extension 400, dispensing royal clan, ministers and Zhili, Shandong, Zhejiang and attractions of the palace land. Chunhua Xuan become famous in Beijing Beilin. Haiyue cardigan cardigan】 【Haiyue built in pool, pedestal round, two floors, white marble lean on a railing around. 3-layer construction of the stage buildings and the lower Haiyue cardigan, South canopies title "Green Yao Island" 3 words; middle to get the Golden Pavilion, title "days of heart water" 4 words; top title "by six dragons" 3 words; Taiwan's four sides, each with an archway. Pavilion in the Summer Palace in all, this group of buildings the most luxurious. 】 【Lion Lion Park in Changchun Dongbei Yu, Qianlong Emperor tour Suzhou, Suzhou Lion imitation building, first built 8 King, follow-up 8 King, 16 King, the formation of a unique small garden area. 【】 Like a garden like a garden park in the southeast corner of Changchun, Qianlong three years trip to the south to Jiangning (now Nanjing), the general Xu Da Ming Zhan modeled building. Trolltech】 【harmonic sixteenth year is the first building built in the autumn, subject to three, a large sea-floor south hall-style fountain, with bronze geese, sheep and Western Copper fish turned tail composed of stone fountain. Building the right and left, out of the Octagon Room from the verandas, is playing Western music. 】 【Haiyantang Western House is the largest palace. West of the main building entrance, terrace in front of a large pool, the pool was eight-shaped row of about twelve Animal mask argument are the personal statue (rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog , pigs, twelve animal signs), followed by cease flow of water per day and night, each one hour (2 hours), noon, Zodiac together water, commonly known as "water clock." Originally naked woman is like a European style, but the emperor is not naked women and that the customs to Zodiac Chinese statue, with the bronze. View View Water Act】 【Water Act axis in the far southern end of Ying view, the main building has placed the throne on the platform, stand behind the tall stone wall around both sides _set_ Buckrun door, a giant water tower on each side and the receiver the pool water. Filled lake to _set_ a variety of mammals according to potential, semicircular wood chase that animal fighting and other games; spray nozzles installed in the clock, according to Chinese traditional timing methods, and use the names of 12 animals, said the 12-day one hour, every one will have 1 hour to the animal's mouth spray pool water. Front】 【million million spent flower also known as yellow matrix array, is modeled on the European built garden maze. Character design with four feet high carved brick wall, separated into several road maze, so called "thousand flower array." Although the diameter of the entrance pavilion to the center distance of 30 meters, however, easy to carry but difficult out of this array, when the Mid-Autumn Night, emperor sitting in front center rotunda, the eunuchs, the ladies yellow colored silk hand tied into the Lotus lights, routing gallop, first emperor who can receive material reward. It is also called yellow or yellow lantern array. Emperor sitting height, looked in all directions Lotus Light east West Ben, cited as a pleasure. Mountain】 【line method and line method line method mountains between the wall, there is a river side, on-line method under the tank wall, _set_ a model city of Venice in a water tank, the Emperor sat watching the mountain-line method. Garden Collection Old Summer Palace in a very rich collection of books heritage, is to name a few. Ningbo is a replica of the source text of Fan Tianyi Pavilion built library building, the famous Royal Court, North fourth one, built in Qianlong four years. House _set_ in the collection of Qian Long Qin, "Si Ku Quan Shu" and Kangxi "Ancient and Modern Book integration," the one. "Si Ku Quan Shu" in ancient China, the largest of a comprehensive series, received more than 3,400 books, nearly 8 million volumes, 36,000 volumes. For "book" chapter Zhi vast, when they choose their particular to those compiled "Si Ku Quan Shu Hui to", namely, 12000. "Hui to" copy a total of two, a storage hall in the Forbidden City wield algae, another collection of Park in Changchun by the Church of the East Room with "the sweet taste of the book room." In addition, with well-known by the Church there is a foreign Wenxuan - Chunhua Hin, is designed for collection of the famous Fateh "Calligraphy" copy version built. "House quote," Song Chunhua was originally three years (992 years) inscription, including Wang, and even the young boy Cang Jie, Yu, Confucius and calligraphy were 99 tracks. Quote points ten volumes, is China's first large-scale cluster software, known as the father of all posts. Qianlong period, according to "House quote," the Song "thanks to the early extension of the" After the trial was _set_ fine, the stone inscription of the hook. During the three _set_ out to thirty-seven years of Qianlong (1772) spring, will be the inscription of 144 posts version, embedded in the Chunhua Xuan corridor in front of about 24 being. This is the famous "Qianlong re-engraved Calligraphy." Needless to say, robbery destroyed Yuanmingyuan, the Garden collection of "Si Ku Quan Shu", "book Hui should," "Ancient and Modern Book integration," "Calligraphy" copy edition books and other precious relics, are not spared. This reflects from one side of the imperialist invaders burned the Summer Palace, on the enormous human and cultural destruction. Of course, not everything is perfect. Yuanmingyuan so great, in turn, after another few emperor expansion, renovation, and with awareness of the impact of decadent feudal emperors, no matter by which point of view, there is also inadequate. However, on the whole, the Summer Palace is indeed a very good quality landscape. It can be said that it _set_ several thousand years of outstanding culmination of garden art, the Chinese classical gardens to a new level. Year, some Westerners admiration of Chinese gardens, it is also the beginning of Yuan. Arts Features Summer Palace is a treasure museum, or a Royal was the world's largest museums, galleries, collections of many treasures, books and art. Which possession of celebrity pictures, secret government books, Zhongding jewels, gold and silver jewelry, and other rare artifacts, focus on the essence of ancient culture. Summer Palace is also the exquisite garden of a different wood, hundreds of rare flowers and plants. West Yuanmingyuan full witnessed her as "the garden of the king." In addition, outside the imperial Forbidden City, Summer Palace is lived than most places.
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Encyclopedia
Yuanmingyuan Yuanmingyuan Yuanming Garden Qing Dynasty imperial garden. Today, Beijing is located in the northwest. Qing Jian, Yuan Ming Yuan Ming Yuan was one of three parks, three parks that sometimes Yuan Ming Yuan Ming Yuan Park Conservancy and its subsidiary, Yee-Chun (later renamed Tongzhi Wanchun) in general. Yuan Ming Park and with the same three at Beijing Fragrant Hills northwest of Providence Park, Yuquan Shan Jing Yi Qing Ming Yuen and Longevity Hill Park (later renamed dynasty rebuilt the Summer Palace), as a result of Ming Dynasty, Tsinghua waste site by the construction of the Chang Chun, collectively known as the Qing Dynasty Three Hills and Five Gardens Capitol. Yuanmingyuan Park, the size of three of the royal palace in the Qing Dynasty, the second only to the Chengde Mountain Resort, a total area of about 350 hectares. Among them, the Summer Palace the largest park in Changchun, followed by the minimum chi Spring Garden. Three parks are built from the ground, rivers and lakes Gangcha total excavated area of more than half of the island breakwater Gangluan piled more than 300 construction area is about 15 million square meters. The overall layout of the three parks was down to write the word goods. Northwest is the Summer Palace, the northeast Changchun Park, south of Spring Garden for the chi. Could it be separated between the park, palace interlinked to form a joint partakers of the great garden group. Forty one of the King Summer Palace "natural picture" Figure Changchun Park was built in fourteen years of Qianlong (1749) ten years, as the government go after the 悠游 Qianlong of the land, what it shoulder to shoulder with the Yuanmingyuan, the next door and the busy spring and throttle-phase communication. The park has seven different shapes Distinct state waters. Four dike along the lake shore and, on the island, scattered Qian Park, Ru Park, built park, Lion, Paul Hong Temple, Haiyue jade exquisite cardigans and Museum and other 30 spots ─ ─ thirty so-called King Park Conservancy. Among the attractions are also piled up with artificial rocks Gangluan as barriers, isolation from one another. It is more than the overall planning of the Summer Palace, the building layout Lichtung decent, Mountain Board, Bureau of open water synthetic interest, the proportion of appropriate spatial scales. Park in Changchun, north wall strip things, has six European Baroque-style brick building, several Western fountain (water law), while some animal sculpture. This area is known as the Western House. It has a French missionary Jiang Youren designers, and the Italian painter Giuseppe Castiglione Attiret et al. Spring Garden Spring Garden, also known as Wan Yee, Qianlong Park South, thirty-seven years by the Conservancy merging several small parks, but also highlights a fine garden water features oriented, there are thirty-chi King Spring Garden. Jiaqing fourteen years (1809) built a large palace Chi Spring Garden, and expand the West, into the apartment with Hui Park and Park, the whole park was first built to expand the scale than the nearly 1-fold. Spring Garden Qi many small garden to retain the original wall, the entire park is divided into six scenic areas, ranging from, each area has its own landscape focus, command of the area attractions. No common area between the center of the landscape, but also with each other across the interconnection. Yuan Ming Park are the three main water features highlights from the garden. However, the garden layout and gardening practices on the strengths and weaknesses, achievements also have high and low, in general, they are successful in the Qing Dynasty imperial garden works, known as the garden of the park. Three years in Xianfeng Yuan Ming Garden (1860) by British and French invaders burned. (Xu Boan)
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English Expression
n.: Winter palace, the Summer Palace (of the Manchu emperors in Peiping)
Thesaurus
Winter palace Park
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Peking University
cultural relic antiquity
travel queen
History Mingjing
peking
park
monument
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