Anti-satellite weapon technology is nothing new. United States as early as 1959 had on a real system demonstration in 1968, the former Soviet Union also tested its first anti-satellite weapons. During the Cold War, two superpowers are trying to make itself more to study the various types of anti-satellite weapons. In general, anti-satellite weapons are common rail, direct ascent, directed-energy style and type 4 types of electromagnetic interference. Common rail injection anti-satellite weapon is the target satellite's orbit, its track, and then use the kinetic energy or nuclear explosions to destroy. Direct ascent anti-satellite weapons do not enter the target satellite's orbit, but only when the target star through the sky, the attack targeting them. Directed energy weapons such as lasers and high-power microwave beam, etc., can completely destroy the satellite or through the radiation-sensitive electronic components to its failure. Electromagnetic interference can be between the satellite and ground stations can not communicate. United States and Russia in different periods of these 4 ways are conducted feasibility studies or tests, and also considered the taste of the launch control center and user ground stations physical, electronic and information attack. Anti-satellite weapon technology is not just the United States and Russia have, many countries have mastered the related technologies. One way is to build a high-power jamming or the use of heavy industrial laser, optical low-orbit satellite sensor devices and horizontal attacks. Another way is to use existing launch vehicles and missile construction of a direct ascent anti-satellite weapons, such as North Korea, Iran and Iraq-related technologies have a relatively mature, generally may use this approach. But this does not mean that a direct increase in the construction and deployment of anti-satellite weapons is an easy-type thing. LEO satellites in orbit hundreds of kilometers of high running speeds up to 7.5 km / s, in order to hit it, must complete three tasks: to find and track satellites, close to the satellite, and then damaged or destroyed.
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Type of anti-satellite weapons
Anti-satellite weapons are "anti-satellite satellite" and "anti-satellite missile." 1. Anti-satellite satellite "Anti-satellite satellite" is a kind of orbit tracking and identification device thrusters and anti-satellite warhead can be close to the enemy's spy satellites and recognition, and through its own explosion destroyed a large number of fragments be destroyed. In 1971, the Soviet rocket base from Qiula Tan launched the "universe -462" satellite, which run fast, catch a few hours to 4 days into the 250 km altitude orbit on the "cosmic -459 No. "Satellite. At this time, "the universe -462 No." suddenly exploded into 13 pieces themselves, the "universe -459" satellite crashed. U.S. space expert data analysis through a lot to prove this is the Soviet Union an "anti-satellite satellite" test. This "cosmic -462" satellite is a high-altitude "killer satellites." Soviet Union to the end of 1977, it has launched 27 "anti-satellite satellite", of which 7 were successful to "intercept" the trials for the target satellite. At present the Soviet Union have "anti-satellite satellite" generally about 4.6 to 6 meters, diameter of 1.5 meters, weighing 2.5 tons, with a 5 orbital maneuvering engines, radar or infrared guidance system, you can close to within 30 meters from the target satellite's effectively destroy the range. 2. Anti-satellite missile U.S. anti-satellite weapons in order to break the monopoly of the Soviet leadership, they will not hesitate to spend huge amounts of money and the development of many human development of various anti-satellite weapons, the major is the "anti-satellite missile." The summer of 1984, the U.S. Army test site from the Pacific island Gulin interceptor missiles fired successfully destroyed from Vandenberg Air Force Base in a "militia" type of ICBM. This is a test that the United States already has spy satellites in outer space destroying the enemy's offensive capability. U.S. Air Force has a "small anti-satellite missile," 5.4 meters, 0.5 meters in diameter, the whole weight 1136 kg bomb, equipped with infrared detectors, laser gyro, information processor and mobile rocket engines. It is currently climbing in the United States of carrying the best f-15 "Eagle" fighter of the abdomen, in the 15 to 21 km altitude to the target satellite in space to attack. After launch, the warhead on its infrared detector 8 will automatically track the target, while accelerating the flight, the maximum speed can reach 3 to 12 km / s, high-speed impact with the satellite, it completely destroyed. It has the advantage of flexibility and rapid response, survival ability, hit high precision, low cost, after receiving the order can be completed within 1 hour task of intercepting enemy satellites, the maximum operational altitude of 1000 km. Since the Soviet Union in October 4, 1957 launched the first artificial earth satellite humans after the 1982 date, how many centuries has been flying alone around the moon around the Earth in just 25 years, actually appeared in 2019 adds artificial teeth, "New Moon", which photographic reconnaissance satellites 815; electronic reconnaissance satellites 211; ocean surveillance satellite 59; early warning satellite 53; anti-missile warning satellite 10; missile satellite 108; meteorological satellite Wong 138; test to the satellite 40; orbital bombardment satellites 17; intercept the satellite 35 and so on. Soviet and U.S. links to frequently develop and launch satellites for a full range of global and all-weather reconnaissance and espionage. Soviet spy satellites can boast that it clearly captured the leaves on the bushes on the cliffs, the United States boasts of its spy satellites can see the Red Square in Moscow car brands in order to soldiers in the African jungle beard hawthorn. 197l, the Soviet Union launched the world's first space station "Salyut" in space to establish a manned base this, in 1978 and achieved a "Salyut" and "Soyuz" spacecraft docking complex. This will allow humans to do not use the instrument in outer space but with the life of people with all aspects of the Earth surveillance. The United States to be outdone, the fast lane in Sunnyvale, California, near a 3-layer blue, windowless cement building, establishment of human history a "space division" of the combat command center. The main task of this space forces is the United States in the Soviet Union when the war broke out between the two countries, using a variety of the most advanced weapons to destroy the enemy's spy satellites. In 1985, the United States also plans to build a space as a base to directed energy weapons (such as laser weapons, particle beam weapons, and microwave weapons) for its multi-level ballistic systems, to destroy ballistic missiles in outer space, and "pilfering "spy device to destroy a variety of spacecraft. The plan also called "Star Wars." US-Soviet cooperation in outer space "Heaven Gate Array" has now been laid out, how many million years silence of space is no longer quiet, and it is full of all kinds, and bizarre "spy" (satellite), but also secretly hidden Xu Many more "to assassinate the perpetrators" (anti-satellite weapons). With the development of science and technology, "Heaven Gate Array," the battle will become more and more intense.
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Process of anti-satellite weapons attack
* Find the target Find and track a satellite does not require much investment, according to analysis, as long as several thousand dollars, have some expertise and some time to suffice. 1996, Vandenberg Air Force Base in the United States conducted a secret code-named usa129 launch. Before launch, amateur astronomers calculated the net to the flight trajectory of Titan 4 rocket. Within a few days after launch, the Australian amateur to capture the satellite and the launch of its orbital elements. In the northern hemisphere, with the observation conditions improve, the Swedish amateur satellite lock and to further define its traces. This is an amateur from the launch by the continuous tracking of polar-orbiting satellites. With the increasing popularity of the Internet, simply download the free satellite tracking packages, through many Internet sites into the satellite orbital elements, a country will have a preliminary satellite tracking capabilities. If matched with the appropriate telescope and other equipment, detect and track satellites should be an easy task. * Hit the target Direct ascent anti-satellite weapons for Carrier-type basic requirement is that it must be able to reach the target satellite. However, the need to point out that it does not need to enter orbit, but only reach the target level. In other words, direct ascent launch vehicle than the same quality of an object into orbit launch vehicle is much smaller and much cheaper. Table 1 lists a few LEO satellite orbit altitude. 0 can be seen from the table, an anti-satellite weapons, as long as the launch vehicle can reach 800 km altitude, can hit many important lowland satellites, including some military satellites. Anti-satellite weapons and launch vehicle is one of the optional ballistic missile program. As we all know, ballistic missile technology has spread widely around the world, like North Korea, Iraq and Iran has made these countries have ballistic missiles. Table 2 lists some of the country's ballistic missile data. Maximum height from the ground and the relationship between the very complex. Trajectory angle, payload mass, the atmosphere of several rocket stages and even make the problem more complex. In addition, direct ascent anti-satellite weapons could be equipped with mobile anti-aircraft can be used as the final stage, further affect the distance - a high degree of relationship. Allegedly, the best single-stage missile launch angle to reach the maximum height of the maximum range is roughly one-third to one half. According to this law, with a range ballistic missiles can reach 900 km maximum height of 300-450 km. Although the height of the atmosphere into the outside, but better than most of the height of the LEO satellite is lower. To reach 800 km altitude, single-stage missile's range at least up to 1600 km. Currently, North Korea and Iran are developing this class of missiles. Another direct ascent anti-satellite weapons, launch vehicle program is a scientific sounding rockets. Scientific sounding rocket launched into space the edge of general scientific experiments, many countries have to maintain a sounding rocket program. For example, nasa launch about 30 a year sounding rocket. These small rockets Super Arcas only 2 meters, 19 meters large black goose 7. Brent 7 can 140 kg payload into the height of 1500 km or 300 kg payload into 800 km altitude. Brazilian sounding rocket sounding -4 can be 500 kg payload into 650 km high, India's Rohini can be 100 kg payload into 350 km altitude. Compared with the orbital launch vehicle, sounding low cost and easy to manufacture rockets. Direct ascent anti-satellite weapons and developed the main problem is not the weapons into space, but so close to the target. In order to use bolus of anti-satellite warhead, the interceptor should be less than 100 meters away from the target to reach the location. Taking into account the speed of the satellite, anti-satellite weapons and anti-aircraft guidance system is facing enormous development challenges. Former Soviet anti-satellite weapon is used in radar and optical guidance system, and the U.S. asm-135 anti-satellite weapon used in the infrared seeker and laser gyro. These methods are valid. Other means, such as from ground tracking station command guidance, the same can be used. In fact, the first intercontinental ballistic missile is used by radio command guidance. Anti-target To make up for lack of guidance and control systems, we can use a large area of warheads, such as with nuclear warheads and artificial debris. In space, nuclear warheads within the atmosphere have not blast or thermal effect, but it formed the x-ray can produce a variety of destructive effect, tens of kilometers in the anti-satellite distance. In addition, if an explosion at the right height, not too big even for a single nuclear bomb equivalent, also cause Neifanyilun with increased enough so that no reinforcement of the satellite failure in a few days or months. Satellite may be strengthened to fight through the nuclear effects, but the cost and weight trade-off is very strict. Most commercial satellite operators have no choice for radiation hardening. Scientists believe that the United States, equivalent to 5 tons of nuclear weapons in the height of 100 km above the explosion, a large number of low-Earth orbit satellites will fail. Electronic explosion quickly spread to the entire low-Earth orbit space, the majority of LEO satellites will collide with these electrons. The attack on the attackers can bring many benefits. First, it requires relatively low technology, multi-carrier, or without precise guidance, a modified Scud missile and nuclear device small enough. The attack hit the city or at least not directly cause casualties. Second, a country can be an excuse to experiment, and in its own nuclear weapon detonated over the territory, no intention to cause damage to any satellites. Third, the party always take such attacks more advantages than disadvantages, such as the United States, the dependence of the LEO satellite is much larger than North Korea or Iraq. Artificial debris cloud is another face of possible destruction mechanism. Because moving objects in space, even small objects, but also has high speed and kinetic energy. In orbit, several small nails can destroy a satellite, will launch thousands of nails into low-Earth orbit accurately, in theory, can destroy a variety of military and spy satellites. The key is to put enough nails satellite launched into orbit with the orbital plane crossing the appropriate height. In the end the number of such debris can pose a real threat, or a question worth exploring. Some experts believe that if the satellite could maneuver it, artificial debris did not pose a threat. Artificial fragmentation method is technically feasible, but there are many constraints in the use. To anti-target, track moving objects in the target must have high speed. Interception during the orbit, the need to cross the orbital plane of debris into or reverse rotation of the track. The latter approach is particularly difficult to achieve. An easier way is to make the debris along the inertial trajectory into the satellite's trajectory. In this case, the key is the size and distribution of debris cloud, close to the speed and (if the satellite can maneuver) warning. Debris cloud in a short time of great threat, and then disappeared into the background noise. Protection can be to deal with the satellite debris. Equipped with protective devices to the International Space Station, 1 cm in diameter can be protection from objects. In addition, whether the object specified anti-satellite, the satellite relies heavily on the structure and the site of the collision objects. There was a small object in orbit penetrates the Hubble Space Telescope's high-gain antenna, but did not affect the antenna performance. In fact, nasa space shuttle mission is also in the visual inspection of the Hubble Telescope, they find out the collision.
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History of anti-satellite weapons development
Anti-satellite (atst) technology is almost synchronous with the satellite technology itself is developed. Today the space power's space program basically involves two aspects breaking and established that preservation of their own, calculating enemy. China's future space strategy, it must be anti-satellite placed in an important position. There is speculation that the Soviet Union also developing electromagnetic and laser anti-satellite weapons. October 1975, due to the Soviet Union, some Western exposure light source, the U.S. satellite infrared sensors inexplicable five cases occurred in the "blind" accident. U.S. officials explained that the infrared light source is along the Siberian oil pipeline fire, but some critics still believe the Soviet Union has developed a laser-based anti-satellite system. The Soviet Union resumed testing in 1976 with the track anti-satellite system, which it reported to the U.S. response to the development of the space shuttle, the Soviet military that the U.S. Space Shuttle is the carrier space-based weapons. According to reports, the Soviet Union for a single orbit of the target satellite, maneuvering through the interceptor to intercept extended to a minimum 160 kilometers, up to 1600 km, reducing the time of attack. The system uses optical and infrared sensor system to replace the existing problems of the shells was considered on the radar. It is believed that the system is now ready to enter the operation. From 1978 to 1982, the Soviet Union to continue its anti-satellite weapons test with the track about once a year to intercept. Subsequently, the Soviet Union stopped testing of the system, but it is that it now has the actual fighting ability. During this period, while the United States and the Soviet Union conducted anti-satellite technology, but apparently regarded bet on anti-satellite arms control negotiations. The spring of 1983, President Reagan issued a "Star Wars" speech, announced that he will focus on U.S. resources to develop a large-scale missile defense system. Missile defense will include several space-based missile interceptors. In order to respond to the Soviet Union re-started the serious work of a missile defense system. Soviet Union also made diplomatic move, the proposed ban space-based weapons, and announced the suspension of testing anti-satellite weapons systems. The effectiveness of the ban anti-satellite system to be extended in 1986, the Soviet Union also continued to fulfill its voluntary commitment to suspend anti-satellite test. November 1987, the White House and Congress reached a compromise after negotiating the terms of arms control, continue to extend the anti-satellite was tested on the authorization bill, but allows the military in the Soviet Union to resume its anti-satellite test case to stop the implementation of the ban. Since the test anti-satellite systems face strong political opposition, the Air Force unable to implement its final test, so stop the air-launched anti-satellite system development. The Soviets did keep its promises, although they continue to study a number of missile defense technologies. There were rumors that the Soviets are developing a launch by the MiG aircraft and almv similar anti-satellite weapons, but this claim has never been confirmed. In 1987, the Soviet Union launched a reported for the future "space-war positions" of the test platform, but failed due to failure of launch vehicle and crashed into the Pacific Ocean. Although the Department of Defense officially terminated in 1993, the foundation of ke-asat the Army plan, and since then no further application for budget, but Congress again in 1996, resumed the project in the budget increase of 3 million dollars for this project . In 1997, Congress appropriated $ 50,000,000, to continue to support the project; 1998, President Clinton used the veto power projects will be reduced to $ 37,500,000 appropriation. Although the Government commented that this project is in disarray, but still continue to be supported, although fewer in terms of capital investment. In particular, Jinguan Defense Ministry did not apply for funding for the project, Congress approved in 2000 or the $ 7,500,000 in 2001 approved $ 3,000,000. However, in fiscal year 2003 budget did not include the project, and the project the most powerful advocates in Congress, Senator Robert Smith did not re-elected in 2002, thereby affecting the future of the ke-asat. In addition to the Army than it seems, not many people are interested in this project, Air Force officials have publicly criticized the project, said it hurts to use ke-asat the risk of friendly space facilities, it is more harm than good. Space goals against the ban on use of miracl failure in 1996, when the new Republican-led Congress tends not to renew the ban. October 1997, the Air Force to miracl of a laser-based anti-satellite systems were tested. miracl laser apparent technical difficulties, but the results are alarming. The main light source used in experiments, a bunch with the system to track satellites with low energy (30 watts) laser. Test showed that the low-energy laser beam itself is strong enough to effectively blind the satellite temporarily, although it is not able to destroy the satellite sensors. Use of commercially available lasers and side mirrors 1.5 meters, can form an effective anti-satellite weapons, which shows that the U.S. has not yet fully assessed the vulnerability of its satellite systems. Although the Pentagon described the test as defensive, that is, the pilot is to understand the U.S. satellites to laser attack vulnerability, but many people (especially Russian) offensive capability of the system, and whether it violated expressed concern about the ABM Treaty, and a formal request to ban anti-satellite weapons negotiations. U.S. military and defense agencies have been order for the focus on restructuring their space control results. This has led many institutions to change, but since then, there is no longer active implementation of any new large-scale anti-satellite weapons program. However, research over the past several generations of anti-satellite systems, the U.S. may still retain a number of anti-satellite capability. In the absence of scheduled completion of the pilot scheme, and now the U.S. Air Force anti-satellite capability almv system is not clear. Air Force officials have said against the use of destructive, anti-satellite weapons would produce debris, and even support the development of anti-satellite capabilities of the Department of Defense consultant, but also the irreversible anti-satellite weapons as a last resort, preferring to use the reversible anti-satellite weapons. Although the Air Force in the traditional anti-satellite technology is the most relevant and most interesting of the armed institutions, which also expressed no interest in reviving the project. miracl laser anti-satellite test system, no further, although the Army sometimes a laser energy of routine testing, but the project has been facing financial difficulties, the head of the lasers are being considered for other purposes. Former Soviet republics continue to invest in space, although the military has been reduced emission, while the commercial launch is increased. The presence of U.S. reconnaissance satellites, has many years of time in driving the development of the Soviet anti-satellite technology, now no longer considered a major threat, Russia is considering with the United States in missile defense cooperation. Russia continues to comply with its 1983 anti-satellite weapons test moratorium began promise. Although the United States did not then start a new dedicated anti-satellite program, but the Bush administration recently increased investment in space-related technology to strengthen research, new technology research, including improvement of the ability to track targets in space, launch and promote new technologies and the development of destruction of new sensors and aircraft. Investment in high-energy laser technology also see an increase, supported projects include the development of laser propagation through the atmosphere, the technology required, and efforts to reduce the weight of weapon systems to laser systems in transport aircraft, or launch it into space. The United States also study traditional satellite components made smaller and lighter. This makes the launch of the "parasitic" micro-satellites as possible, micro-satellites to track other satellites in the small aircraft; micro-satellite can be implemented if this maneuver close enough to the target satellite, and disrupt or destroy it, then this technology will be shown to contribute to anti-satellite mission. Micro-satellite for the satellite can also perform defensive tasks. Also need many years of effort, most of the technical results of the above can be deployed to the offensive or defensive systems. However, a number of recent U.S. research and development of such a system for intercepting ballistic missiles, may have a good performance as the anti-satellite weapons, and so can greatly improve the U.S. anti-satellite capability. Some Western commentators to China's space warfare strategy is divided into two types: one is the so-called "defensive strategy", that is, through diplomatic means to deter potential adversaries promote the efforts of the militarization of space; the other is "offensive strategy" is through the deployment of space weapons to protect their own interests in space. We seem more concerned about the offensive strategy. This year in April, the Chinese Long March II C with a rocket to a small satellite and a micro-satellite into the Queen Mother, the Western military circles for the Chinese anti-satellite weapons program concerns reached a new height. According to U.S. military judge, in 2005 China will have two to deal with anti-satellite near-earth orbit satellite instruments: First ground-based laser devices and even high-power laser blinding weapons, the U.S. Department of Defense since 1998, in the annual report on China's military power has been stressed; Second, kt ╠ 1 rocket, based on small or micro-satellites with a direct attack blocker anti-satellite weapons. The so-called kt ╠ 1 rocket, is the df ╠ 21 medium-range missiles based on the development of a four solid-fuel rocket is a small mobile space launch vehicle (referred to slv), which allows China to be chosen at random rocket time surprise enemy attack satellites. According to Western media reports, China is df ╠ 31 intercontinental missile developed on the basis kt ╠ 2 rocket, and the df ╠ 31 intercontinental missile developed based on the alpha-kt ╠ 2a rockets, two rocket motor using solid fuels to aimed at geosynchronous orbit and polar orbit, while the United States many "sensitive" the satellite is in the orbit. Some Western military experts believe that China Academy of Space Technology is developing a "parasitic satellite", which can be small or micro-satellite rocket launch kt series by artificial objects attached to the enemy on the implementation of interference or damage to, or through direct impact, used to attack the space station, space-based laser systems and other satellites. China's "Missile and Space Vehicles" magazine also discusses how to use global positioning technology to determine the height of micro-satellite near-Earth, the magazine will be in three years time, open a special column to discuss how to attack satellites in space. U.S. military communications, reconnaissance and surveillance systems rely heavily on space, space facilities, in fact the most important U.S. military "node" (node) one. Therefore, in the future of Sino-US war, China will attach great importance to space warfare. As long as space-based systems capable of destroying the United States, it means the feet hit the Achilles heel after it made the battlefield advantage for China has a crucial role. If you can do this, the United States in the communications, control, command, computer, intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance has the advantage will vanish, and thus have with China to fight a conventional war of the twentieth century, which in this clearly have much more handy.
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Future anti-satellite weapons
Over time, the ground will be more accurate tracking, vehicles will be increasing the carrying capacity, the guidance will become increasingly more accurate. Therefore, in the near future, there will be more and more countries will have their own anti-satellite weapons. To understand the development of anti-satellite weapons, the need for monitoring the three main indicators, namely, vehicles, and testing of guidance technology. In these indicators, the launch vehicle technology is the most important. To increase the development of a country-style anti-satellite weapons directly, it has to monitor, vehicle, find, and warheads and fuze technology together, This is not an easy task, but not without the possibility of realization. If a regional power or developing countries have anti-satellite weapons, then under what circumstances it is used? This largely depends on the nature of war. One thing is certain, a country unwilling to damage their own path for commercial satellite data. In general, if the losses suffered by the country is small, it is possible to use anti-satellite weapons, however, if the target is a node of a larger system, it is difficult estimate the exact loss suffered if the use of surface anti-Colonel anti-satellite weapons, regardless of the enemy Cookin together, and its own satellite is also a threat. United States believes that there are some unpredictable "mischief-making" countries, such as North Korea and the United States in the war, is likely to launch nuclear weapons to low-Earth orbit. If so, North Korea is not only nothing to lose, but will be a great victory. If the loss of a communications satellite Galaxy can cause confusion in the United States, then the low-orbit satellites have been almost no protection against the United States, Europe and other countries in the world would mean? Therefore, the focus of anti-satellite weapons development, research the appropriate measures, should be the focus of international attention.
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Encyclopedia
Anti-satellite weapons anti-satellite weapon F-15 aircraft carrying the U.S. anti-satellite missile fonweixing wuqi Anti-satellite weapons (anti a satellite weapon) to fight Attack, destroy artificial earth satellites, spacecraft, or damage to their Normal function of space weapons. Do not _set_ the premises in accordance with The same can be divided into the foundation (including land, sea and airborne) and Space-based two; means can be divided in accordance with anti-nuclear energy, moving Energy and other types of directed energy. Foundation of nuclear energy and kinetic energy anti-satellite Star weapons to intercept the target and direct methods are common-rail Increase in type two, with the former way is to intercept satellite Star (also known as anti-satellite satellites), use the latter method Is the anti-satellite missiles. Interception of satellite launch vehicles for general use To launch a satellite with the explosive device to the target location Basically the same orbital track, and then use the satellite radar Or infrared seeker detection and tracking of targets, relying on small Rocket engines to maneuver to close and destroy the target orbit Standard. Anti-satellite missile (see Figure) is usually with a nuclear or non- Multi-stage warhead missiles from land, sea or air Directly to the target in the vicinity of the air space launch, and then use Homing missile guidance device automatically detect and track the target, When close to a certain distance away from the target warhead's explosive start Device to destroy targets deep-fried, or the use of high-speed movement of warheads Kinetic energy crashing goals. Space-based anti-satellite weapons, sub-Common Rail And non-common rail type two, the former mainly refers to the tenrai, the latter Means the installation of the spacecraft's kinetic energy weapons and directed energy weapons Anti-satellite weapons research and development can be traced back 20 The late 50 century. At that time, the level of guidance technology Restrictions, anti-satellite weapons by means of the main anti- Destroy the strong, anti-radius nuclear weapons. United States 1959 air-launched ballistic missiles using an anti- Satellite test, and was first deployed in 1964, "Thor" type Land-based anti-satellite missile (1975 removed). But the ten nuclear Poor availability of weapons, destruction of other satellites in the same time, Can easily cause harm to one's own satellite, the United States from 70 years Turned to the late development of kinetic and directed energy anti-satellite Weapons. 1985 U.S. F-launched anti-aircraft Wei Qiao Shooting Star conducted its first test missile, destroying an in-orbit Trail running military satellites. The Soviet Union since 1963 research Common Rail anti-satellite weapons research, conducted in 1968 a 1982 The goal of 20 anti-satellite intercept test. From the 70 Later, the Soviet Union also started to develop direct ascent anti-satellite Star anti-satellite missiles and directed energy weapons. Kinetic and directed energy anti-satellite weapons development is still In the development and testing phase. The main anti-satellite weapons Role is likely to be days in the war against the enemy Low-orbit military satellites, especially reconnaissance, maritime surveillance and Navigation satellites, destroy the enemy access to intelligence and use of space The ability to command operations. 〔Lirui Chen) Device. Trick is the secret of the target _set_ Orbit with a killer or broken Means a bad device, may, where necessary Quick way of using radio remote control Approach and destroy the target, or the release of payments Are particles and debris, such as dry aerosol Interference of the wholesale destruction goals. Orientation High-energy anti-satellite weapons can be fired by Laser beam, particle beam or microwave beam photos Radiation damage to or loss of work objectives Capacity.