印度博帕尔毒气泄漏事件

astronomical > India Bhopal Gas betray incident

印度博帕尔毒气泄漏事件

　　December 3, 1984 morning, took place in India Bhopal gas leak that shocked the world with pollution incidents. A U.S. multinational Union Carbide in Bhopal, India opened a suburban company pesticide plant in Union Calderon. Pesticide Factory has a gas tank, built with 45 tons of liquid highly toxic methyl isocyanate (mic), is to create carbaryl and aldicarb pesticide raw materials, the gas tank valve failure, the liquid highly toxic cyanuric Methyl leak out to form the gas quickly spread to the outside world. Methyl isocyanate used in the German army in World War I, "Fu Jien" collectively referred to as poison gas poison gas to kill the two. A sign of the first event occurred on the evening of 11 December 2, a workers found in the post for storing 45 tons of methyl isocyanate storage tank pressure to rise. Shortly after midnight, at 0:56 on the 3rd, this liquid substance to leakage of gas from a security valve appears overflow, quickly spread out in nearly 1 hour, the dense gas to form the deadly smoke, quietly headed toward Bhopal city. Airborne toxic plant adjacent to the wall after the first two towns - Jia Peika and Hora, killing hundreds of people died in his sleep. Subsequently, the gas quickly toward the train station in Bhopal, the platform has many huddled in the cold beggar. While, a dozen people have been killed, and the remaining 200 people dying. Gas through the temples, shops, streets and lakes, dominated the 40 km radius of the city, and continue to spread silently. The air was quite cool, almost no wind, and there is a very heavy fog, so the larger the concentration of gas can continue to slowly spread. A few hundred meters away from the pesticide plant away from the farmer Gunn, in his sleep several more heard a sudden loud noise coming from near the ranch, the cattle feel faint not law-abiding. He was perturbed, and immediately get up go outside. Two cows died on the ground, the third cow lament heard, under the watchful eye of the Gunn slumped to the ground. At this point, Gunn began to feel a sharp pain in the eye, he ran into the night, being confused. The next day, the city of Hami in Bhopal, the first Asian hospital, he closed his eyes, tears pouring down his cheeks could not help. He described the fear: "I thought it was the plague came." Some people thought it was another atomic bomb, and some thought it was the earthquake, and others thought it was the end of the world. When the smog after the news spread, thousands of people or car, or walking, or riding a bicycle fast fled their homes. The city's situation is like science fiction nightmare, many people blinded by poison gas eyes, they slowly explored all along the way stumbled, hoping to walk into the unpolluted air. Many people lying dead in the street, forming a seat lies among the dead. Only a week after the event, there are 2,500 people died in the biggest ever industrial pollution, human tragedies, more than 1,000 people a limited life, terminally ill with more than 3,000 people, 15 million people have received hospital in Bhopal and the surrounding area and clinic treatment. Most of the dead because the lungs filled with fluid, leading to the equivalent of drowning deaths. While others will die of heart disease. The disaster on the elderly and children against the most serious, because their lungs are too small too weak to resist the poison gas attacks. Many survivors never blind, and some serious nasal and bronchial injury. To the end of December, the region has killed 20,000 people, nearly 20 million disabled. Thousands of head of livestock have been poisoned, gradually filling the streets around the dead dogs, dead animals, smelled foul. Government of India had to send troops away the animal with a crane body. In the hours after the accident, Bhopal City police closed the plant and the plant manager arrested muka and 4 other staff members, on charges of "manslaughter." February 14, 1989, the U.S. company agreed to the Indian Supreme Court's decision on the Bhopal tragedy, the compensation $ 470,000,000. When the Bhopal disaster, the news immediately spread, the world's public outcry. Many newspapers have published an article accusing the United States does not attach importance to Union Carbide factory in safety measures to protect the environment. Government of India, the mission later in the investigation process, we found that in the United States-based company cut corners in the fact that security measures. The accident was due to storage of highly toxic pesticide methyl isocyanate raw materials of stainless steel underground storage tanks abnormal elevation of pressure inside the safety valve is caused to open the top. However, prior to the incident should have five safety device. First, toxic gas leaked from the valve was sent to "in and device", with caustic soda to neutralize. However, the alkali concentration is too low, too little volume, did not play any role. Then, the leakage of gas should be sent to the burning towers incineration. However, the burning towers of the pipe leading to corrosion occurred, the device is maintenance shutdown. In addition, the leakage of the gas seal device because pressure is not enough, there is no fully effective, methyl isocyanate storage tank cooling device is also turned off. Even the last line of security measures - methyl isocyanate is prepared to close the tank valve. Union Carbide factory in India, based in the United States, West Virginia plant in the production design is the same, but in terms of environmental safety measures are taken to maintain a "double standard", has two different levels. Pesticide plant in Bhopal, the device is only general; and factories in the United States in addition to general equipment, but also equipped with a computer alarm system. Responsible for the safety of the company admitted: "The U.S. plant safety is automatically monitored by computer, while India is the factory manual, but the accident did not arrange the operation of trained workers." In addition, the Bhopal pesticide plant was built in the densely populated areas, while the U.S. is far from the same factories in densely populated areas. Generally believed that the company is manufacturing equipment exported to India, but there is no exit security system. This incident proved that the developed countries to developing countries enterprises not satisfied with the cheap labor, even at the reduced safety and environmental protection facilities to reduce costs. Bhopal tragedy educated the people of the world, as a third world country's environmental protection officer, said: "transnational corporations are often more dangerous to operate factories in developing countries, to avoid its severe in the country must comply with restrictions, it has now become an obvious tendency of the problem. "Therefore, toxic and hazardous pollutants in the construction of the factory must be a reliable pollution facilities.

Translated by Google