Herbert von Karajan (1908 年 4 月 5 日 -1989 on July 16th), twentieth century, world-renowned maestro. Biography During the period 1938 to 1939, the Italian conductor Karajan 维克多德萨巴 tower looked after, said: "I found a command of powerful, his music is bound to affect the thinking of the second half a century. "Sure enough, Sa Bata, then subsequently has been verified. Herbert von Karajan was born in 1908 in Salzburg, Austria, was once the birthplace of the world's greatest genius of the composer Mozart. Karajan's ancestral home in Greece, and his predecessor came to Germany from Greece in the original architectural design, then there are some relatives to _set_tle in Vienna. Karajan's father was president of a hospital, but also a surgeon, he loved music from an early age wanted to be a musician, but eventually did not realize this wish, therefore, to learn music Karajan made his father feel special happy. Karajan's mother apparently do not understand music, but she can feel the music in his heart, she is a Wagner fan. He started from the age of 18 as the band's conductor, he was the first opera house in the City of Ulm in Germany as a permanent conductor, and later at City Opera as music director of Aachen. His two small-scale opera spent 16 years in each of the command he would memorize scores 5,6 opera performances. At that time, he was conducting the band not only played, but also singers and chorus concert conductor. Karajan proficient command of art, he knew what singer, know how to cooperate with the singer, his command of technique is very strange. Who first saw Karajan Karajan can not really understand, many people think Karajan is a brutal character, a cold person, in fact, he was very passionate nature. Karajan in command, the band insisted on listening to each other musicians, playing for the opera, then asked the band to listen to singers on the stage. Karajan in English, Italian, French and German have made it very fluently, he is not only a good command, but also a man full of charisma. Musicians have him as a myth, he also realized this, so in the first rehearsal, he has been telling stories to the musicians who make them feel relaxed, so that musicians fully understand the intent of his command . Many young musicians with the help of Karajan performance into the professional ranks, each musician is willing to play along with Herbert von Karajan. He was good and everyone co-operation, and for young people to do a lot of things, he directed many performances of classical music, but also recorded a large number of records. EMI's very understanding person in charge of Walter Roger Herbert von Karajan, and is able to face him advice. Karajan gladly accepted the invitation of Walter Roger, came to London with the British Philharmonic Orchestra, led by Walter entered with a brilliant period. In addition to their frequent performances, but also recorded a large number of high quality, exquisite classical music records, these records still widespread. Walter Roger has thus become the patron of the Philharmonic. 1954 after the death of Furtwängler, Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in trouble, when the regiment will go to the U.S. tour, the orchestra manager said to take over the Furtwangler Karajan only one person who was under Karajan Milan La Scala opera conductor Wagner "Nibelungen's Ring", after receiving the invitation of the Berlin Philharmonic, he said: "I can come to tour the U.S. command, but I must be the Furtwangler heirs, and not his replacement, this must be clear. " Herbert von Karajan led the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra arrived in the U.S., people at the airport held a strange ceremony. As Furtwängler's successor, Herbert von Karajan, and he led the band in the first performances to enthusiastic praise by the audience. Many films have shot scenes of Karajan performance in shooting, Karajan served as a director in the role to some extent. When the hand of the director to shoot when Karajan, Herbert von Karajan let the film crew put the camera on his shoulder, so they went for his hand movements more clearly, so can avoid the long-range shooting deformation caused by the screen. Throughout the filming process, Karajan always worked tirelessly, and even a lot of trouble jokes. Karajan never had obese opera singer to play the role of a singer he think this will make the audience close their eyes do not look on stage, eyes wide open and he just wanted the audience stands on the show; Karaoke Young knows everything about the stage, the stage bearing in mind that every corner of his mind. He not only about each musician, and even firefighters are familiar with the theater. Karajan is not only an outstanding conductor, and he must learn to do an excellent stage director, for which he spent a lot of energy, put a lot of effort. Karajan often his band, said: "The band must obey the singer, but also to try to imitate the singer's voice, and singers should strive to be like the band's sound." When he was rehearsing the band particularly demanding, and to the formal performance He always musicians for the sake of ease he commanded the action, full of confidence, people feel trusted, and his command reached a perfect level. Since 1955, Karajan served as artistic director of the Berlin Philharmonic, after ten years of efforts, Karajan and the orchestra music in the world to occupy an extremely important position. In 1956, he succeeded Boehm became music director of Vienna State Opera House, well appointed artistic director of the Salzburg Music Festival. To carry out their artistic ideas, he founded his own name music festival, known as Europe's "music director." Karajan reputation not only in Europe, is also very popular in the East, led a delegation to visit Japan several times, and was invited as a guest conductor in 1979, he led the Berlin Philharmonic came to visit Beijing, the delegation and I Central Orchestra to perform extremely successful, was warmly welcomed by the audience, many professional musicians came from Shanghai, Tianjin, Xi'an and other places came to observe and learn. The performance time to become a major event in our music. Karajan's repertoire is extremely broad, his interpretation of Beethoven and Brahms works, who is universally acclaimed. Life recording of as many as there were hundreds, of which only a full _set_ of nine Beethoven symphonies, recorded for each four times. Karajan also concerned about the music aesthetics, music therapy and related disciplines, research, care for the growth of young conductors. To this end he established in the late sixties Karajan Foundation, founded in his hometown of Salzburg Easter Festival, Competition for Young Conductors held, also organized an annual meeting entitled "Man and Music," the International Symposium, involved The topic is "Music and Philosophy", "Music and Science", "Music and the nervous system", "Music and Mathematics", '"Music and Linguistics," "form of music experience with the times", etc., are very far-reaching impact . The students in the Karajan, Seiji Ozawa in Japan and Italy, Abbado, have become world-class command you today, my conductor Muhai also received his guidance. Known for his footsteps, violinist Mutter, pianist Kissinger in his care of to the world. He had a dream in the Forbidden City Karajan conductor Puccini opera "Turandot," but unable to do so, until last year, co-director Zhang Yimou and Meta only achieved this vision. July 16, 1989, the world-famous conductor Herbert - von - Karajan is rehearsing for the Salzburg Music Festival Verdi's opera "Masquerade," at noon, he suddenly felt extreme discomfort, he Aitken helped hasten his wife Elly, he was lying on the arms of his wife: "I saw God smiling at me." Yanba passed away at age 81; the next day, he was buried in his hometown of Salzburg After a chapel. Karajan believe that there will be the next life after his death, he often said, there are many things he wanted to do has not been completed, even death can not stop him from going to work. Herbert von Karajan with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra Grenoble Foot million in 1954 die. As his successor, who became a hot topic. In all candidates, the most favorable position of Karajan. Bush has no intention as a lifelong job 汉斯克纳佩茨; Erich Kleiber in Berlin as "Soviet" people worked on his interest in leaving sharply; Hamburg Philharmonic when he was directing and Bailuyite principal conductor of the 约瑟夫凯尔贝 special (Josef Keilberth) because of too old and difficult to be made the object of serious consideration. Karajan's patience was rewarded. November 30, 1954 evening, he and Andrea von Matang Ni admitted to Rome's regency hotel, change clothes and strike out to dinner. Matang Ni left the restaurant to buy a newspaper and saw a front page obituary impressively: Grenoble Foot million long-term treatment of invalid suffering from pneumonia, died at 68 years. That night a telegram sent from Vienna, no signature: "King Jiabeng. Long Live His Majesty the King." Busy contact negotiations began. "Phone busy", Karajan recalls. Karajan said the manager of the Berlin Philharmonic in Grenoble Foot million before his death to contact with him. "Of course, he is very Grenoble Foot million faithful, but in view of Grenoble Foot million dying, he can not plan ahead. In case until the last minute and I can not apply for, he will never forgive myself. So he I said: 'What happened if you would be willing to come to our band?' I promised him, but asked him not to quiet. " "In fact, in Grenoble Foot million died that night and the next two in the morning, I have received performances in Colombia's Andeliemei Martens phone call from New York, and he wanted me to know, Foote million Spengler signed with Columbia delegation visit to perform the contract. He said, to continue the contract, unless I take over the command, otherwise he will declare the contract canceled. My reply is that I only specified the Berlin Philharmonic Grenoble Foot million for the successor to the premise I can agree. One thing is clear: I can not as a trial, but only to orchestra conductor as the future United States. " "And, I must make his own contract from the La Scala Opera House to get out. We had been scheduled to perform Wagner's good" ring "of the. To get the Berlin Philharmonic, which first have to give up. So I went to see the Director . I told him if he'd say 'no', I would never mention the matter. but I said to him; 'If you let me, I would appreciate it. let go, forget about this even if I will continue to abide by our contract. 'Come and he said it was the chance for life, then agreed to release me. " The spectacle is another reflection of the income of members, the Berlin Philharmonic members are better paid than any orchestra around the world are higher. Their wages are already very significant (the other band members than in Germany has risen by 10% to 15%), plus some other income but also turned on: they Guanchang Pian, on TV, movies, participate in special performances (such as the resurrection Festival Music Festival, pay very lucrative), teach classes, such as numerous solo performances; also participated in musical organizations subordinate to them with big reputation for its added weight. Only within the Berlin Philharmonic in 13 organizations: Trio, Quartet, Chamber Orchestra, Brass Band, "twelve cello group", and even double bass group. As the crown of "Berlin Philharmonic" in the title, these groups, group performances are very good box office. Many also recorded a record. Twelve cello Berlin Philharmonic in 1983, was also out of a "Beatles song _select_ion," This is their fifth album release. They performed with other groups, like the business cope with. It is these organizations constitute the Karajan and the Orchestra of the problems between the substantive parts. But not always so serious. In 1977, Menuhin wrote: "Karajan members of his patrol to ensure they have good pay and high quality musical instruments, chamber music to encourage their respective organizations, in various ways to encourage their morale. " Since the command of art and since the birth of the last century, to today has been about two hundred years of history, although he is still a musical art in a relatively young category, but also has produced several generations of conductors out of the whole . However, people today are conscious of the history of the art to be recalled, they found that whole generations of conductors in which, truly artistic command of their own to open up an era of prominent figures, it appears that they are so few ! Of course, Ni Jishi and Toscanini should be seen as such a figure, Ni Jishi the nineteenth century as the greatest conductor, can be said that the art of re-entering the real founder of the new era , and Toscanini Zeyi his genius skills and rigorous style, and create art of the twentieth century a new world of modern command, as Biao Luo, Furtwangler and Walter and a number of prominent figures, although are commanding most of the great names in art, but they still belong among the ages. After walking in the Toscanini who was one of those landmark figure it, if the reality of today's proven after the point of view, but this character is none other than the non-Karajan. Karajan, this was hailed as "king of contemporary art command," the maestro, either from the rich artistic point of view of modern command, or from the arts to promote world music and even the entire human cultural development, it created times, representing half of the twentieth century, the world's command of the overall trend of the era of art, and this trend has a non-confined within the twentieth century, a huge and far-reaching his influence is destined to be extended to the next century, and the relay will be carried forward in the next century, and China Everbright. Identity of the mystery of Karajan's Nazi Karajan as a conductor in the German town of Ulm in the first stage, quickly revealing the extraordinary talent. While he did enthusiastically, the opera house managers do not want to sign a contract with him. Although he is very appreciated by Karajan's talent, but that really is too small Ulm, on the future development of adverse Karajan, Herbert von Karajan and he suggested to other places to develop. Karajan then went to Berlin, but Berlin was talent, and he is from a small opera house unknown nationality nationality could not find a suitable job young conductor. A chance, Karajan know Aachen theater manager, was invited to a rehearsal where the conductor. Karajan rehearsal of the "Feder Rio" in September after the show, Karajan was appointed Aachen's guidance. Karajan was the rapid rise in Aachen and became a minor celebrity in Germany, a young conductor. In early 1935, he was music director to replace Rabe Aachen, Germany was the youngest to become music director (twenty-seven years old.) Rabe music director of Aachen lost jobs, but he then became Music Director of Cultural Affairs Bureau of the Third Reich, his immediate superior is the part-time propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels. No matter how people argue that art and politics should not pull together, Goebbels's attitude is very clear. When he took office he announced: "Culture, a propaganda tool of the Third Reich." According to Herbert von Karajan say, was when he was the pressure to participate in the Nazi Party. "I had not a party member," he said, "Opera as music director in Aachen, I was not so noticeable in politics. But became music director to sign the contract, my secretary to tell me, Asia Chen has been the head of the Department of the Nazi Party, then down, and said my contract difficult to pass: to be nominated as Music Director of the party members who actually is not! " "Tell you what, this is what I did for comparison. I especially love skiing. I of Austria, accompanied by a guide, whether I'm going skiing with him. Once we went to Switzerland, a mountain to get there After the others have told me that unless the Swiss Alpine Club join the local, employment Swiss guide, otherwise not allowed to ski in the mountains. I want to ski there, so I said fuck tube does not matter what conditions, so I bought a membership qualified and hired a Swiss guide. For me, to participate with the Nazi Party was forced as this. " "Placed in front of me goes into the Nazi Party for amounts to a threshold, it means that you can get across the unlimited power and funding of the orchestra, I can freely command of concerts, as well as traveling shows, there can be his secretary and office, I was as happy to Heaven. conditions is to join the party, as well as party members from time to time to a show. So I say fuck tube does not matter what conditions, and in the application signed word. Alas, since people will say: 'Of course you are a Nazi.' " Karajan then met a friend from England, was the British diplomat stationed in Zurich Edge Leslie (Edge Leslie). Karajan told him: "I am willing to pay any price, as long as the job can get Aachen." He recalled: "Karajan had a strong sense of mission, which we must understand. One time in a his apartment to take him out to dinner, he went out walking, and left a note told me to wait for him. He put the room are some religious books, some passages draw the line, and his margin scratchy writing to do comments. he came back I asked him why he read it, he said to me: the existence of God is true, there are numerous signs of proven, not the people sincere or not. Mozart was a child when he wrote the symphony. That with the genetic suffer a share. Karajan said. The only explanation is: God chose certain people to carry out his orders, to create beauty in this ugly world. 'I was given a special tool, 'Karajan said to me,' outstanding talent. I never doubted my talent is God's gift. My responsibility is to make it to the fullest play. I am determined to create as perfect music and dedicated it to as many people. I want music like on the silver screen '. " "Critics called the Karajan own God," Leslie said, "and Karajan is a tool that I am God. He is relentless in implementing the mission. He told me about: 'I done some bad things. 'but explained that in order to complete the mission of last resort. " After 25 years, the German music researcher Fred Puri Berg (Fred Prieberg) in his book "Nazi Germany's ruling" in the disclosure of the documents again to prove that Karajan "double registration" regarding the Nazi Party to participate in the proposed date of joining the party and party ID were found in 1959 at the Moore line. Priyanka Berg for him to get from the center of Berlin, the paper files made public, Karajan made the angry reaction immediately. "It was false, I did not bother to talk about it. Absurd, Puri Berg write this stuff just to make money." A few months later, I go to the archive center in Berlin to get those documents, including two party members that a copy of registration card. Ani Fu masters in the house, I showed him these things. He first asked me how to get it, and actually this kind of thing can easily rumor that angry. Then he took the file, alert and curious gaze a moment, then they get a lamp to see more clearly. "Where has my signature?" And inspected a few seconds later he asked, "do not sign these things, you see that?" I asked him what view, he shrugged, looked at me and said: "All is false . "(Nazi party members without the signature of the registration card is filled out by the party officials.) Curiously, some of Nazi documents found itself in contradiction with Karajan's recorded statement. Archives Centre in Berlin has some Nazi files and segment the Ministry of correspondence, the discussion is a special topic: Karajan joined the party time. Correspondence to determine who started, who is the first request or ask questions so that the bureaucratic machine busy as it is not possible, but retained several letters can be seen, the phase coherence of its content: January 5, 1939, the Nazis sent a letter to Lenny in the Austrian Nazi Party headquarters in the Ministry of Finance is about Karajan's party membership issues. The letter clearly said that Karajan joined the party twice: April 8, 1939 in Salzburg (No. 1-607525), re-registration (no report of change of address) time for the May 1, 1933, in Ulm. The letter asked on April 8 in the "temporary" is party membership count. February 4, 1939, the Nazis in Austria (Vienna) of the party sent a letter to the financial head of the Nazi party in Munich, said the Karajan April 8 to apply to join the party shall be valid or recognized party headquarters in Salzburg. February 4, 1939, (should be) on behalf of the Nazi Vienna Salzburg Zhixin Ministry of finance takes charge of the Nazi party who asked to identify the above problems. May 15, 1939, Salzburg, the "new city" Salzburg Nazi Group To finance charge. Team official said he was looking for members Herbert Klein (Herbert Klein) talked to Klein Karajan joined the party was signed, also received five shillings fee. Klein said he had a receipt issued to Herbert von Karajan, Salzburg and materials into the work of the Nazi Party, recruiting office. After the Nazi party was banned, Karajan went to Germany. Klein said that since then he has not heard the news of Herbert von Karajan, Herbert von Karajan and said he never believed in Austria, had a membership dues. Klein is willing to clarify the facts as a witness. (This piece Cc Munich) July 7, 1939, sent a letter to the party headquarters in Munich Cologne - Aachen Nazi financial officer, announced the Karajan is not sent to the membership dues, and its April 8, 1933 registration of party membership is invalid, declared in 1933, 5 registration effective 1 March. Karajan's members turn to the card, please pay it himself. - December 12, 1942, top leaders of the Empire Schneider (Schneider) wrote to the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Herbert von Karajan joined the party to determine the official date of May 1, 1933, and its registration number is 3-430914 members , the party card was July 13, 1939 completed.
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Karajan Chronology
April 5, 1908, Karajan was born in the small town of Mozart's hometown Salzburg, Austria. December 17, 1928, in command of Students temperature de concert, his first conducting the Vienna Academy of Music band played Rossini's "William retreat Seoul" Overture. January 22, 1929, his first to open the command as a conductor performing Tchaikovsky's "Fifth Symphony", Richard Strauss symphonic poem "Don Quixote" .4 19, and command performances at the Salzburg Festival Theatre Richard Strauss opera "Salome." In 1933, Herbert von Karajan in Salzburg Music Festival, the first activity, command performances Gounod opera "Faust." The following year, his conducting debut in Salzburg, the Vienna Philharmonic. In 1935, he was appointed Germany's youngest "angel of music director" to Brussels, Stockholm, Amsterdam and other cities show .1937 guest conductor, he was invited to be Walter, the first conductor in Vienna, the Vienna State Song Theatre "Tristan und Isolde" (Wagner song). September 30, 1938, Herbert von Karajan at the Berlin State Opera debut, and command performances "Feideliao", then on October 21 command performance "Tristan und Isolde." 1939, was appointed music director of the Berlin State Opera the following year, the command performance "埃列克特拉," by Richard Strauss of the highly appreciated. In the same year he signed with the DG recording debut album contract. In 1947, Karajan became head of the Vienna Philharmonic Society, planning the Vienna Philharmonic and Vienna Symphony Orchestra Association, the performance issues. 1948, Herbert von Karajan at the Salzburg Music Festival restoration activities, and to enter the international music scene, leading orchestras around the world and build relationships throughout Europe, around performance, very famous, illustrious quartet. In 1949, he was part-time permanent conductor La Scala in Milan. In 1950, he served as the London Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1951, he boarded the Bayreuth Festival stage. In 1955, the Berlin Philharmonic Herbert von Karajan as chief conductor for life. In 1956, maestro Karajan and Boehm succeed, became music director of Vienna State Opera. 1957-1970, he was Music Director of Salzburg Music Festival monopoly position. Thus, Karajan smoothly in the short term to win the world's major trump card 4 Opera (Milan, Vienna, New York, London), hegemony, European music on the "emperor", known as "Europe's music director." Individuals in 1967 he founded the Salzburg Easter Festival. In the March 19 opening ceremony, performed by his command of Wagner's opera "Valkyrie." Karajan in his home town in view of his contribution illustrious achievements. 1968, Salzburg Province, awarded him an honorary ring, was appointed Honorary Senator of Salzburg. 1973, in Salzburg, Karajan individuals also founded another music events, concerts, called Pentecost. In 1977, Herbert von Karajan and the Vienna State Opera has finally _set_tled back as the music director of the hospital, and music in Vienna during the week, realized his vision 13 years ago, big ace -4 opera performed at the Opera House. October 1979, Herbert von Karajan led the Berlin Philharmonic's first visit to China, the repertoire of Mozart's "thirty-ninth Symphony," Brahms's "Symphony of each" and Dvorak's " Eighth Symphony, "and so on. they" can not be made the United States ", and shook the Beijing music scene .1980 on December 7, held in commemoration of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra concert to celebrate the regiment Karajan as chief conductor of the 25th anniversary of jobs . In 1982, Yang was the most busy year card .5 months, preparations for the establishment of a series of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra 100th Anniversary Concert; July, during the Salzburg Music Festival, the first recording of Puccini's opera " Turandot "; in October, led the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra; December, to celebrate the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in Fort Saar music performances held on the 25th anniversary. In 1983, he founded the investment Carlo Monaco and Mongolia acoustic Company; the same year, the London Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medal awarded the Herbert von Karajan. He is the first in 70 years who received this honor the past, who only asked to accept this award Toscanini, Beecham and Walter. In 1988, Herbert von Karajan led the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra to perform In 1986 Japan was already 78-year-old Herbert von Karajan, is still interested in the twentieth briskly orchestrated the Easter Festival performances. He sick Command Mozart's "Coronation Mass," Bruckner's "Praise Song", a bit senile, powerless. but his command of the "Ninth Symphony" (Bruckner, music), then show his amazing musical charm greatly appreciated. Herbert von Karajan 1988 80-year-old, healthy and strong, energetic, still active in the world stage, but also writing a book about music, he was not good at dictation, had their own hands to write 12 lines a day. This was his part of daily activities. July 16, 1989, Herbert von Karajan, died at 81 years old. Parts of the classic recordings Karajan Year composers Record Number Remarks 1947 Beethoven's Ninth Symphony 1951 Wagner Meistersinger von Nürnberg 1959 Richard Strauss "Heldenleben" 1962 Beethoven Symphonies 1967-1970 Wagner "Ring Nibbe long roots" 1973 Verdi's Othello 1984 EMI 7 47043 2 Vivaldi Four Seasons 1987 Vienna New Year Strauss family concert DG 419 616-2 1988 Bruckner Eighth Symphony DG 427 611-2 (include gramophone Baida, Japan, three hundred, with flowers Samsung Penguin Triple Crown) 1989 Bruckner Seventh Symphony DG 439 037-2 last classic recording ... ...