Antarctic Castle public, the West River Valley white points. The ancient city of sparse trees, wild Shu dense cold clouds. Years of common snakes, wind Biao Hu or Wen. Bird Road are all close and far from popular in the crowd. Watchman board turned its grief, spears arc Zhaoxi sun_set_. Luan Li Wei and more drunk, worry kill Lee.
Very far south. "Spring and Autumn Annals of the taste": "Antarctica cliff, vegetables, and its sounding name Kaju, its color if Pitt." Sanguo Wei Pi "Renju" one: "Shi-resistant line of the wing section name to, is Shen Xu streaming audio in the Antarctic, Su Wuyang sound in moon-American. "Song Su" using the former musical sound, and Zhi-move ":" meandering Dan Chu Antarctic, Shu Qi students this people. "Ming Wang Shizhen" gear Goyang event Creek never dipped three board "Poetry:" Growing Old fish boil Yu Zhongyuan, want to go tiger aspect the Antarctic. "Qing Gu" s a little Rocky "Poetry:" Millennium situation sub-Antarctic, Animal Air ladder up to the Royal Park. "
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Star Name
Star name. The Antarctic Canopus. "Historical Records official book", "wolf than to have a large star, say the Antarctic for the elderly," Tang Zhang feast of justice: "an elderly star, in the arc of the South, one said, Antarctic, and his main account for longer life should be." Han Cui Yin " rod Song ":" Queen Mother of the support, Holding on Bluff. life, such as the Antarctic, descendants of billions. "Songfan Cheng Tai" Orient House Life Poetry ":" Since ancient times, East tomorrow to accompany the day, only now the Antarctic is a former star. "Ming Jingming" life West Ya xianggongzhuang "Poetry:" Antarctic birthday towards Compass, Changchun Ying grass jelly fungus. "see" the Antarctic for the elderly. "
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No. 5
To the south a distant land. Chinese Liu Xiang "Nine sighed death": "to Wang Li Zhao Hang Zhou Xi, Ji Xiang flow and the Antarctic." Sanguo Wei Cao Zhi, "Panshi article": "Antarctic Cangwu wild, Jiujiang Yu hope the poor."
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Theory of sphere of astronomy in ancient China, said that heaven is a whole sphere, the earth in which, like egg yolk in the eggs within the same
Theory of sphere of astronomy in ancient China, said that heaven is a whole sphere, the earth in which, like egg yolk inside the egg the same. On the observation of astronomical scope, the two end points north and south, due south into the earth 30 degrees, that the "Antarctic." Central Plains area near the South Pole Star could not see. This more to the "Antarctic" refers to the southern end of the axis, the culmination of the southern hemisphere. "Song astronomical annals of a": "Zhou Tianhong, 365 degrees 589 degrees 100 45 points, Banlu ground, half in the ground. The second side that the Antarctic, the Arctic." Qing Gu " Goddess Temple of the book "Poetry:" High Arctic Antarctic low, 4:00 mistakes Wu good summer and winter. "
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Introduction
English name: Antarctica; French name: Antarctique Antarctica is almost a barren hinterland. Where only simple creatures and plants is one or two insects. However, it actually is full of marine life, where there are algae, coral, starfish and sponges, sea there are many tiny creatures called krill, Antarctic krill as many fish, seabirds, seals, penguins and whales provides a food source. Cold Antarctic climate, plant growth is difficult, even to see some of mosses, lichens and other plants. Near the coast and islands, birds and sea animals. Birds in the penguin as much. Summer, the penguins often gathered in the coastal areas, constitute a representative of the Antarctic scene. Marine Mammals are seals, sea lions and dolphins. Continent around the ocean, whales and flocks of the world's major whaling area. Kill off the very, greatly reduced the number of whales, seals and other sea animals are almost extinct. There the ocean near the South Pole more than a very small nutrient-rich krill. Seas around the Antarctic krill are also rich in an estimated annual catch of up to 1.05 billion tons, of fish available for human needs. Antarctica is a huge natural "cold storage", is the world's major freshwater storage sites. According to nearly 30 years of geophysical survey in Antarctica and the basis of information obtained by the plate tectonic theory plate on a genetic splicing of the results confirmed the existence of Antarctica rich coal, iron, oil and natural gas. Coal resources are mainly found in the Antarctic mountain range, the Permian coal, relative to shallow storage, coal was uneven. Iron stored in the southeast pole to the Will due to Derby to the area between Kos, but the biggest iron ore in the Prince Charles Mountains, the range of stretching tens of kilometers, in addition, Antarctica also gold, silver, platinum, chromium , tin, lead a variety of metal deposits. That the continent of Antarctica was originally Gugang Wa core. About 185 million years ago that the mainland has split Gugang Wa Africa South America plate, the Indian plate, Australia, and have been with them from the plate. Africa about 135 million years ago in two South American plate, forming the African Plate and the South American plate. Australia about 55 million years ago, the last plate from Gu Gangwa that breaking off the continent drifted north, then left the Antarctic. East Antarctica and West Antarctica geologically different. East Antarctica is an ancient shield, about 30 million years ago. The West Antarctic is composed by a number of plates, in geological age than the South East extremely young. Antarctic continental coastline of about 24,700 km. Edge of the sea and islands belonging to the South Pacific marginal seas, Antarctica, the Bellingshausen Sea, Ross Sea, Amundsen Sea, and belonging to the South Atlantic, the Weddell Sea and so on. The main islands are the Auckland Islands, Bouvet Island, South Shetland Islands, South Orkney Islands, Adelaide Island, Alexander Island, Peter I Island, South Georgia Island, Prince Edward Islands, South Sandwich Islands. Terrain: Trans-Antarctic Mountains to the Antarctic continent is divided into two parts. East Antarctica, the larger, as a shield and the ancient peneplain, the Trans-Antarctic Mountains stretching to the edge of the shield; smaller West Antarctica, is a fold belt, the mountains, plateaus and basins formed. One between the eastern and western part of the _set_tlement area extends from the Ross Sea to the Weddell Sea. The average altitude of 2350 meters continent of Antarctica is the highest continent on earth. Mary Bird to the highest point of the Vinson Massif 5,140 m above sea level. Almost all of the mainland is covered by snow, the average thickness of ice Are 1880 meters, 4,000 meters above the thick. The ocean around the continent, there are many tall ice barrier and ice. Only 2% of the continent-wide free long snow-covered land, known as the Antarctic ice sheets, "Oasis", is the main live animals and plants the land. "Oasis" on the peak, cliffs, lakes and volcanoes. There are two active volcanoes Antarctic continent, that is, volcanic island of deceit and deception island of Ross Island Erebus volcano (also translated Persian volcanic Ella). Deception island volcano eruption in February 1969 had been so in an instant where the scientific research station reduced to ashes, until now, people are still this lingering fear. Antarctica's climate is characterized by bitterly cold, windy and dry. Continent-wide average annual temperature is -25 ℃, the average temperature for the interior plateau of about -56 ℃, extreme minimum temperature has been reached -89.8 ℃, the world's coldest continent. Continent-wide average wind speed of 17.8 m / s, often along the surface wind speed of 45 m / s, the maximum wind speed of 75 m / s or more, is the world's strongest and most wind wind areas. Less than 250 mm precipitation in most regions, only the continental margin area up to 500 mm. Continent-wide average annual rainfall is 55 mm, mainland only 30 millimeters of annual precipitation, almost no precipitation near the poles, the air is very dry, "white desert," said. Season each year with the sub-Antarctic cold night, warm seasons is a 4-October 11-March winter season is warm. Winter quarter of the pole near the polar night, when often appear near the Antarctic Circle in the dazzling aurora; warm, in contrast, for the very day, the sun is always tilted irradiation. Difficult to reach the South Pole and the extreme south geomagnetic pole is the south pole, south magnetic pole position in 1985 was approximately longitude 139 ° 24 ', latitude 65 ° 36'. "Extremely difficult to reach," is about the latitude and longitude 82 ° 55 ° -60 ° as the center of the highlands, due to steep terrain and became one of Oita outflow glacier ice line, it is hard to approach or reach areas. Antarctica, also known as the seventh continent, the last one on Earth is found, the only continent without indigenous people live. Antarctica is generally known as the Southern Ocean (Pacific, Indian Ocean and South Atlantic waters) surrounded it with South America, the nearest distance of 965 km from New Zealand, 2,000 km, 2,500 km from Australia, South Africa, 3800 km away from the Beijing, China, from about 12,000 km. The total area of Antarctica 13.9 million square kilometers, equivalent to China and India-Pakistan subcontinent, the total area, ranking fifth in the world's continents. The entire Antarctic continent is covered by a huge ice sheet, with an average altitude of 2350 meters. Antarctica is isolated by the disintegration of Gondwana formed, is the world's highest continent. Antarctic mountain range will be divided into eastern and western parts of the Antarctic continent. These two parts in very different geographical and geological. East Antarctica is a very old continent, scientists estimate, there are hundreds of millions of years. Its center is located in the South Pole, from any distance from the sea to the South Pole is very far away. East Antarctica, the average height of 2,500 meters above sea level, the maximum height of 4,800 meters. In East Antarctica has the largest active volcano in Antarctica, the Ross Island in Erebus volcano, altitude 3795 meters, there are four crater. West Antarctic area is only half the area of East Antarctica, is a archipelago, some of the island lies below sea level. But all the islands are covered by continental ice sheet. The older part (including the Queen Mary. Byrd to the south of Ellsworth, the Ross Ice Shelf and Queen Maud land) has a granite and sedimentary rocks from the composition of the mountain. Extending to the north of the mountains south of the Antarctic Peninsula in the middle highlighted. The northern part of West Antarctica, which is the higher part of the Tertiary geological periods caused by volcanic activity. The highest point in Antarctica - Vinson Mountain (5140 m) in West Antarctica. 98% of the Antarctic continent is a region 4500 km in diameter covered by permanent ice sheet, the average thickness of 2,000 meters, up to 4750 m thick at most. Antarctic ice shelf area in summer 265 million square kilometers, the winter can be expanded to 55 degrees south latitude, reaching 18.8 million square kilometers. The total storage capacity of 29.3 million cubic kilometers of ice, accounting for 90% of the total global ice. Global sea level will rise as it melted about 60 meters. Antarctic ice sheet to 1 / 3 of the Antarctic continent sink into the sea level pressure, under pressure in some places even to 1000 meters. Antarctic ice sheet extended outward from the center, under the conditions in the valley-like topography, ice flow movement was like, so the formation of glaciers, glacier velocity from 100 to 1000 meters range. Be broken every year into the sea ice is the formation of giant icebergs. Tip can hit the ground along the coast for years, not touch the ground the role of icebergs drift by the tidal currents north and gradually melting. Antarctica is known as "very cold," said the root cause of the Antarctic temperature will be 80% of the Antarctic ice sheet is the solar radiation reflected from, the resulting heat Antarctica ends meet, a permanent snow cover frozen continent. Only the Antarctic winter and summer of the points. 4 months to October every year in winter, November to next March for the summer. Monthly mean temperature of the Antarctic coast in summer, 0 ℃, the interior is -15 ℃ ~ -35 ℃; monthly average temperature in coastal areas in winter -15 ℃ ~ -30 ℃, the interior is -40 ℃ ~ -70 ℃ . The former Soviet Union's "Eastern" station recorded a minimum temperature of the Antarctic -88.3 ℃ . Antarctic temperature increase with latitude and altitude decreased. Although the storage of the Antarctic 75% of global freshwater resources, but because there is a permanent solid way, so the Antarctic continent is unusually dry, known as "white desert," said. Antarctic average annual rainfall is 120 mm to 150 mm, 900 mm coastal areas, inland areas was only 50 mm. Some areas is only 20 mm to 30 mm. Antarctic "westerlies" is the most dangerous sea area, in south latitude 50 degrees to 70 degrees, from west to east the low pressure cyclones after another, sometimes as many as 6 to 7, the wind speed of up to 85 kilometers per hour. The high altitude of the Antarctic continent from the pole region to the coastal area is low and the movement "down wind", particularly strong winds, the maximum speed of 300 km / h, sometimes even blowing a few days. Antarctica is the most lonely planet's most remote continent, its harsh Qi Han and ice the year round, has long refused to man thousands of miles away. For centuries, the conquest of Antarctica, reveal its mystery, thousands of explorers, fought toward Antarctica, showing the bull by the horns and indomitable spirit, created a heroic performance, as we can understand Mysterious made great contributions to the Antarctic. We appreciate the beautiful scenery of the Antarctic, while beautiful, do not forget to express our highest respect them. Antarctica is Earth rotation based on the most southern point of decision. It is often said that the Antarctic region geographically, there is a fixed position. In accordance with the internationally accepted concept of 66.5 degrees south latitude (Antarctic) south of the area known as the Antarctic, it is the Southern Ocean and its islands and the Antarctic continent, collectively, the total area of about 65 million square kilometers.
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Area
From the around the Antarctic continent, ice shelf and islands, of which the mainland area of a 2.393 million square km ice shelf area of 1,582,000 square kilometers, the island area of 76,000 square kilometers. The average thickness of 2,000 meters, the maximum thickness of over 4800 meters.
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Definition
Chinese literally, Antarctica is Earth's southernmost tip. In fact there are Antarctica, South Pole, Antarctica, the Antarctic, the Antarctic Circle and many other meanings. The geography of the Antarctic on the south pole to south pole.
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South pole
Present within the south pole in Antarctica, and _insert_ed tag. However, due to continental drift, in fact, the history of the Earth in Antarctica, most of the time far away from the Antarctic; and, from time to time, geographers have modified the location of the Antarctic. The last amendment to the South Pole location of the time, in the Antarctic region during the year 2000. In addition, in astronomy, if we projected onto the celestial south pole, and you can get the south celestial pole.
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South Pole
"South Pole" is one of Earth's poles. It is located near the geographic South Pole, but its location is also slow and constantly changing. January 16, 1909, by Ernest Shackleton (Ernest Shackleton) to lead the expedition discovered the South Pole. Correspondingly, the second pole for the North Pole
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Antarctic Circle
66 degrees 34 minutes south latitude, the latitude for the Antarctic Circle. Circle will be in a very polar day and polar night phenomenon, cold Antarctic south of the north temperate zone.
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Antarctica
Antarctica and its surrounding islands including the Antarctic continent, with a total area of about 14 million square kilometers, of which the mainland area of 12,390,000 square kilometers, the island area of about 7.6 million square kilometers with a coastline of 247 million meters. Antarctica and about 1.582 million square kilometers of ice shelves. Antarctica is Earth's total land area of one-tenth of the total area, equivalent to a large one and a half of the PRC.
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Mineral Resources
Antarctic mineral resources are very rich. According to the identified resource distribution, coal, iron and oil reserves in the world, other mineral resources is also surveying process. In the Antarctic region, is expected to find more and abundant mineral resources, human use of these resources for the scientific evidence presented. Antarctic Permian coal mainly in the Antarctic ice sheet below the reserve is about 500 billion tons. Antarctic oil reserves of about 500 billion to 1000 billion barrels and natural gas reserves of about 30000 to 50000 million cubic meters. Antarctic Ross Sea, Weddell Sea and Bellingshausen Sea and the Antarctic continental shelf are the main producers of oil and natural gas. Accommodation Endorsement Antarctica, there are still many resources identified, together with national resources, exploration results have not yet fully open, therefore, remains to be further efforts of scientists.
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Sovereignty
20 years since the 19th century to the 20th century, 40 years, countries have been found in the Antarctic explorers different regions of the continent, Britain, land of New Zealand, Germany, South Africa, Australia, France, Norway, Chile, Argentina and other 9 countries the government has parts of Antarctica formal claim of sovereignty, to calm the frozen earth cast a shadow over millions of years in the shadow of international disputes. According to June 1961 adopted the "International Antarctic Treaty", frozen over 9 States claim to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica, the provisions of Antarctica for peaceful purposes, can be said that the Antarctic does not belong to any one country now, it belongs to all mankind. Republic of China formally joined in 1983.
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Traffic
Antarctica is the most difficult close to the mainland. And the Antarctic continent is South America, the latest among them is 970 km wide Drake Passage. Antarctic continent and other continents is not only far apart, but also number of miles around and even hundreds of kilometers of ice shelves and ice surrounded by ice in winter the area up to 19 million square kilometers; even in the Antarctic summer, the area also 2.6 million square kilometers; seas around Antarctica also tens of thousands of giant floating iceberg, as the sea causing great difficulties and dangers. Physical characteristics of milk you have a burning birthday bar
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Terrain
The highest continent on earth is the Antarctic continent. Several other continent on Earth, the average altitude is: Asian 950 meters, 700 meters in North America, South America, 600 meters, 560 meters of Africa, the lowest in Europe, only 300 meters, Oceania, and the average height is also not clear, nor is estimated that a few meters. However, the Antarctic continent to its natural surface, its average altitude of 2,350 meters, the highest compared with other mainland Asia is much higher. However, if covering the Antarctic ice sheet on the strip, its average height is only 410 meters, than the average height of land on Earth is much lower. Climate because the high elevation, thin air, coupled with the ice surface reflection of solar radiation, making the Antarctic continent to become the world's coldest regions, the Arctic average temperature is lower than 20 ℃. Antarctica's average annual temperature is -25 ℃. Antarctic coastal areas the average annual temperature is about -17 ~ 20 ℃; and inland areas, compared with an average temperature of -40 ~ 50 ℃; Southeast region's most highly original cold, the average temperature as low as -57 ℃. Until now, the Earth observed Celsius minimum temperature -89.6 ℃, which is in July 1983 in the Russian "East" stations recorded, in such low temperatures, ordinary steel becomes brittle like glass, the general ; if a glass of water splashed into the air, turned out to be a piece of falling ice crystals. Antarctica is not only the coldest place in the world, is the world's largest area of wind. 8, where the average annual winds of more than 300 days, the average wind speed 19.4 m / sec. Australia's Mawson station in 1972, the maximum observed wind speed was 82 m / sec. Virgin stations in France Deere wind speed was observed up to 100 m / s hurricanes, typhoons which is equivalent to 12 3 times, is by far the world's largest wind speed recorded. Antarctic storm so powerful that, because the Antarctic snow surface temperature is low, near the rapidly solidifying the air becomes heavier, the density increases. The ice sheet covering Antarctica is like a thick middle, surrounded by thin, "discus" to form a center height of a color weakness colored meaning between the original and the steep coastal terrain. Heavier the height of the cold air along the slope from the sharp decline in inland, to the coastal areas, due to a sharp decline in the terrain, so that the rate of decline to increase air flow, thus forming a strong, extremely fast down wind. Antarctica is not seasons, and only warm, cold season of the difference. Warm Season November to March; cold season April to October. Warm season, the coastal zone average temperature rarely exceeds 0 ℃, the average interior temperature of minus 20 to minus 35 ℃; cold season, the coastal zone of minus 20 to minus 30 ℃, the interior of minus 40 to minus 70 ℃. In early 1967, Norway measured around the poles of the low temperature of minus 94.5 ℃. It is estimated that there may be in East Antarctica at minus 95 to minus 100 ℃ low temperature.
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Polar wind
In general, the only tropical storm in the Pacific (typhoons) can reach 12, but in the Antarctic, more than 12 storms is routine. Antarctica is the most frequent storms, wind largest continent, the wind speed above 100 km per hour winds in the Antarctic is often encountered. Antarctica's largest wind along the coast, the average wind speed is 17 ~ 18 meters per second, while the wind along the coast of East Antarctic continent strongest winds 40 to 50 meters per second. Antarctic Survey in France, "Deer Virgin" has been measured to 100 meters per second wind, a considerable 12 typhoon wind speed of 3 times, and its destructive power equivalent to 12 typhoons in the nearly 10-fold. This is by far the world's largest wind recorded. Therefore, the Antarctic has been called the "wind pole." Agree In addition to the cold, the wind is in the Antarctic scientific expedition encountered by persons other natural barrier. Wind will soon take away body heat, frostbite and even people froze to death an accident occurs. Polar night storm, and the speed sometimes exceeding 40 meters per second, far more fierce than 12 typhoons. _Set_ outdoor personal at this time if there will be a life at risk. It is hard to forget, October 10, 1960 afternoon, the Japanese Showa Station, Dr. Fukushima of scientific investigation, out of the base canteen to feed the dog, suddenly encountered 35 meters per second, the storm, never to return. Until February 9, 1967, and his well-preserved body, 4.2 km away from the station area at appear.
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Discover
Dumont Deauville in France is generally in January 18, 1840 that the Antarctic continent, the British Navy Captain Charles Wilkes discovered the Antarctic continent in the late day. However, there is a "Dateline" relationship, quite controversial. The first man to reach the South Pole Roald Amundsen (Roald Amundsen) and his entourage, arrival time is December 14, 1911. Amundsen's main rival, Robert Scott (Robert Falcon Scott) to reach the South Pole a month later. On the return trip, when Scott and his companions all four of hunger and extreme cold and death. Thereafter, seven teams have a team of explorers to reach the South Pole by land transport. Order to reach the time they are: Amundsen and Scott Aimeng De Hillary Vivian Fox 安特罗哈沃 pull Crane Lane, and Fiennes To commemorate the Amundsen and Scott, Amundsen - Scott South Pole station (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station) in 1958 to establish the International Geophysical Year, and a permanent staff for research and to provide help.
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The old ice core
Japanese Antarctic observation team on January 26, 2006 in Japan Antarctic Survey base "Dome Fuji" (Fuji Dome) found in the vicinity, according to Fujii, director of Japan's National Institute of Polar Research, said the line manager, which is under the Antarctic ice sheet in 9994 feet found; Japanese Education Sciences officials said Mei Qi Friends of the rule, ice core bubbles contains many air bubbles, these bubbles of gas inside, most likely millions of years ago someone had deliberately left behind, if after careful study, not only can understand the previous Earth's environment can also be used to predict future climate. It is estimated, this may be the world's oldest ice core, about 100 million years of history.
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Dog Ban Order
Antarctica can not be said to be the only dog in the areas around the world. "International Antarctic Treaty Organization" for the protection of the Antarctic environmental considerations, published in 1991 in Madrid, Spain, that the Antarctic dog ban: "The dog is not appropriate to introduce the Antarctic continent and ice shelves in the Antarctic region in all the dogs must leave before April 1994. "In compliance with the ban, when the national Antarctic expedition team members are reluctant to bid farewell to the dog, and to bring joy and emotional comfort of the dog say goodbye, to send them to leave the South Pole. All the dogs in early 1994 to withdraw from the Antarctic region. Since then the countries stationed in the Antarctic research team to study not accompanied by any dog. The history of the development of mining in the Antarctic, are used to replace human sled dogs in Antarctica has played an important role. But with the substantial increase in the level of mechanization, greatly reduced the role of the dog, only when the function of the human pet. So far, all the world to comply with all relevant national ban, so that the requirements of the South Pole without dogs.
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Antarctic animals
Antarctica is the only one on earth has ever been inhabited continent, because this place year-round temperature is 60 ℃ below zero to minus 80 ℃, often up to 12 wind storms in this raging on the continent. Nevertheless, there are some stubborn animals has chosen this desolate continent for generations to survive. Aurora lit up the winter sky. Antarctica is awakening from winter. This is the world's coldest, windiest place. The temperature is still terrible fifty degrees below zero Celsius hovering just picked up almost no trace of warmth the sun's rays. Few animals can tolerate such extreme conditions. But the Emperor penguins can. Standing on the frozen sea, they felt the power of the powerful Antarctic blizzard. Only through crowded together, they can spend the winter bleak months. They take turns to resist the fierce wind. Emperor penguins can only live here, because the Antarctic continent is surrounded by the Southern Ocean around, there is no terrestrial predators to reach here. Therefore, the Arctic animals, they will not be a threat to polar bears. Sea ice cover still. But there is a seal - Weddell seals, and even lived here all winter. They live in seawater under the ice, do not fear the storm raging above. Time throughout the year but they must be exposed to air, because of the need to breathe. They rely on the strength of teeth has always maintained a breathing hole open. Only scratch the ice to keep exposure to outside air, but that also means that the teeth will wear very extreme, that can not hunt or eat well. Weddell seals are very young to leave this world. Antarctic isolation, elevation is also high, almost five kilometers in some places, to colder here than many of the Arctic. Slide slowly from the center of the ice edge, forming a huge glacier. In winter, ice around the Antarctic continent itself, together with the water area has doubled. Thick ice along the coast in the entire Antarctic continent around the outward extension of the hundreds of kilometers away. Farther north, there is no large tracts of ice, penguins cheek pattern has been in the open sea through the winter. Occasionally see an iceberg, if to climb it, they will have a chance to rest. However, this time of year, they really want to go is the land. When spring comes, the penguins have to go back to lay eggs. Now they must get back to the shore, there is no other choice. This depends entirely on the timing of you to choose the right waves. Find a place in the nest before most of them have to go several kilometers of road. 扎沃多夫斯基 Island has the world's largest penguin habitat. About two million penguins on the island cheek patterns have children, they come here for a reason. This is an active volcano. Volcano erupted and smoke hole can heat the ice and snow accumulation on the hillside, so these time lines cheek penguin eggs than those living far south of the penguins in time to spawn earlier. The difference is that with the Emperor penguins, the penguins can lay their eggs on the bare ground. So they are willing to withstand the stormy sea to come here a little strange. Farther south, near Antarctica, sea ice began to crack. Glacier ice is dropped into the sea in front, huge broken ice. Winter sea ice and ice on the frozen together, but now they started floating in the sea. After the formation of ice iceberg heap fragmentation, which broke the silence of the water around the Antarctic Peninsula. Summer, small Wen whales come to these quiet waters. They are the most common Southern Ocean whales. Little Wen whales whales in the body of all be a little most. Like all other similar, they are also here to foraging. Summer, a huge humpback whales are here as guests. They travel thousands of kilometers long, gather food from the tropical waters of the hunt also came here because of the summer where you can find a lot of food. Only four months time, they will be stored in the body a lot of fat, enough for them to spend the remaining days of the year. All the animals here are to find the same goal - krill. Krill in the Antarctic food chain, the most important part. Surprisingly large number of them, a group of one billion the number of krill have as many as several groups of krill will have to stretch for several kilometers away. Farther south, near Antarctica, sea ice is still solid. Snow and ice here in the summer most of the time will not melt, the emperor penguins put his home in here. Group of emperor penguins foraging at sea has been, is now ready to go home and feed starving children. They do not have went ahead and swam towards the edge of the ice, but careful to avoid some distance. They drill into the ice water down the edge of the case to check it. This makes sense. Because leopard seals are always shaped in such a place haunted. Leopard seal is a form of polar bears live in the Antarctic region. They are hunting experts. But they are mostly successful underwater, he said others had been so, so in general, their prey if the ice was not so dangerous. From the elegant appearance of idle do not see their brutal nature. Convinced that there is no danger on shore, only to the emperor penguins to swim to the ice. But they certainly can not stay here too long, and now they have a long way to go to get home. Emperor Penguin's territory is located in the lee of the headland, where the ice will not be crushed red currents. Adult penguins on the way home the body full of food, almost not even the way to go. But now there is no enemy threat, they can leisurely. Penguin parents need to find ways in the crowded over six thousand penguins find their children. It returned to the children left behind when he left that place very good Baishou drug court, I hope it is still in the vicinity. But the little penguins are always willing to wander, so the parents have to call them back. Little Penguin responded, one by one they go home. Penguin parents pleaded not help the poor children to spit out a mouthful of fish to eat them. Both husband and wife have one back, the other party can go to feed the sea. Noting the presence of leopard-shaped seal, penguins are crowded each other in the ice edge, who wants to venture into the water first. Occasionally went on the ice seals in an attempt to catch a penguin. But obviously it is the most successful strategy or a "sit back and wait." It is hiding in the corner of the ice. Penguins have the confidence, dash past.冲在最前面 group of penguins successfully escaped. Once in open water, they are safe. However, seals have a noise to alert the risk of blisters bubbling up under the cover, it launched an attack. Over time, penguins, kids will grow up. Antarctic autumn draws to a close, the adult penguins will come the new ice in the frozen sea to spend another winter.
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Scientific research station
The future development and utilization of the Antarctic continent, has the world attention. Antarctic carve up all kinds of ideas and excuses came into being. The main purpose is to capture the rich resources of the Antarctic continent - especially energy. Governments to support expensive Antarctic adventure expeditions, one of its important aims is that among the South Pole, the future focus. Currently 26 countries have _set_ up a scientific expedition in the Antarctic stations in the Antarctic scientific expedition established base of more than 150 of these numerous research station, according to their function can be roughly divided into: Annual scientific research station, the summer research station, no three types of the automatic observation stations. Among them, the year more than 50 scientific research station, China's Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station in Antarctica are year-round scientific research stations; summer Antarctic scientific expedition stood about 100, often used about 70 ~ 80, China No scientific research station in Antarctica in summer. Branch woman Currently, a total of 28 countries in the world established in the Antarctic scientific research station 53, the vast majority of stations were built in the Antarctic marginal areas, only the United States, Russia, Japan, France and Italy, Germany, the six countries, within the Antarctic land regions to establish a five inland expedition station. Meenan towering pole at an altitude of 4093 "on top of ice," the Chinese Kunlun station, is all the scientific research station in Antarctica one of the highest elevations. Since China Antarctic Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station in Antarctica marginal areas, 25 years, most of Antarctica has commenced in these areas. Kunlun station built inland, the realization of China's Antarctic expedition from the Antarctic continental margin hinterland areas to the Antarctic continent, a historic leap. Order in the Antarctic inland station, from 1996 to 2008, workers in China's Antarctic expedition conducted a 6 persistent Antarctic interior inspection. January 18, 2005, China's 21st Antarctic ice sheet the first time in human history, team successfully reached the highest point of the Antarctic inland ice sheet - Dome A region, for our country laid the establishment of the station in the Antarctic inland solid foundation; January 12, 2008, China's 24th Antarctic ice sheet another successful summit team, carried out for the inland station construction site work. It is reported that the Kunlun station is completed, China will have a planned way inland regions of the Antarctic scientific expedition. Deep glacial ice, including carrying out scientific drilling program, drilling under the ice mountains, astronomical and magnetic observations, satellite remote sensing data reception, human medical research and health care and other content. Located in the center of East Antarctic Dome A is named on the earth "not close to the extreme," and also the Antarctic ice sheets have not yet carried out scientific exploration of the high ground. East Antarctic ice sheet to Dome C-Dome B-Dome A-Dome F is sub-ice ridge, where the sub-Dome A is the highest point of the ice ridge, occupied the most important position. Scientists, working with foreign Dome has invested a total of F and other locations that I have compared, Dome A region directly receive from the atmospheric deposition of Earth's stratosphere, where the original accumulation of ice formation, storage, global climate and atmospheric environmental information. Dome A region is also the central area of the Antarctic cold source, is expected to be lowest near the Earth's surface temperature of the Earth climate system, the most important dynamic driving source, is the dynamics of modern global climate observing the end of the best area in the This can be observed in other parts of the earth can not be observed representing the global characteristics of climate change information with the natural phenomenon, this special in any other region on Earth and any other scientific observation points are not available. Therefore, Dome A ice core drilling the Antarctic ice sheet as the last remaining ideal location and the world's snow and ice observations of modern climate, atmospheric and meteorological observations and other unique "scientific observation stations" in the scientific meaning of the rest of the planet any scientific observation stations can not be replaced.
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The most Antarctic
Antarctica is the world's most isolated continent, surrounded by a vast ocean surrounded. Antarctica is the coldest continent in the world, so far, the world's lowest recorded temperature of -89.2 ℃, where the degree is observed. Upper hand in the Antarctic is the world's largest continent, the Antarctic coastal region average annual wind speed is 17 ~ 18 m / s, gusts up to 40 to 50 m / s, the maximum wind speed of 100 m / s, are called "storm of the home", or as "extremely wind." Antarctica is the world's highest continent, Antarctica, the average altitude is 2350 meters. Antarctica is the world's driest continent, near the South Pole, the annual precipitation is close to zero, than the Sahara desert in Africa is also scarce precipitation, the formation of a dry "white desert." Antarctica is the ice continent of Antarctica up to the amount of area of about 14 million square kilometers, the Antarctic ice sheet on the mainland and islands of ice is about 24 × 106 cubic kilometers, larger than the total of 95 snow and ice all over the world %
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Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic Treaty System Antarctic research station, "Antarctic Treaty," the main contents are: to engage in any prohibited area in the treaty with the activities of a military nature, use of Antarctica for peaceful purposes; frozen Antarctic territorial claims of any kind; encourage scientific expedition in Antarctica of international cooperation; the consultation States have the right to a consultation on the country's Antarctic research stations visited; Consultative decision-making depends mainly on the implementation of major issues of the annual Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties to the regular meeting and the free right of inspection of the Antarctic. China on May 9, 1985 joined the Antarctic Treaty Organization, in October the same year was admitted to the Consultative Parties.
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Chinese Dictionary
The extreme south of the Antarctic Antarctica, the southernmost tip of the earth, and the Arctic relative. "Su asked six Masaki big theory": "Cloud Ben Antarctic, Hanyu number to."
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English Expression
: the ,South `Pole, southernmost point of the Earth, antarctic