① Chinese. ② means to obtain the nationality of the host country of foreign citizens of Chinese descent American ~.
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No. 3
◎ Chinese Huárén
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No. 4
Foreign citizens of Chinese descent and nationality
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No. 5
Ancient China Han called. He is also referred to the Chinese people. Southern Song Xie Lingyun, "distinguish cases on the attached Questions and Answers": "no good reason by the Chinese Wu gradually and falsely Road no school, barbarians Realizing the Road to school and to frame a gradual, although the actual occurrence of the same real power, its use varies. "Tang Xu Hun" broken Bei Lu Wo palace owned by Princess "Poetry:" Don James residue classes from go back, not allow the Chinese hybrid Quan Rong. "Ming Shen, FU" Fortunately, in southern Yunnan Wild allocated eloquent different class " : the "barbarians Jane, Not so the Chinese have to sell." "hate the sea," the seventh back: "stare at, the five are foreigners, two are Chinese."
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Chinese Overview
In layman's terms: the Chinese mainland population = 1300000000 +2300 +700 million Taiwan compatriots, compatriots +50 million Hong Kong and Macao, more than one million overseas Chinese people +5000 Wan Chinese is the Chinese people's Pan said. Chinese, also known as the Chinese, is an ethnic concept, referring to the ethnic ancestry from ancient China. Including modern Chinese and foreign citizens to obtain the nationality of the country of Chinese descent. People are having a Han Chinese ethnic origin, and Han similar Manchu, Hui and other ethnic majority, also known as the Chinese, and for overseas Tibetans and Uighurs and the Han and other ethnic history is relatively shallow in some languages may not be called Chinese. Chinese (English: Ethnic Chinese) there is no political significance of the term, the vast majority of people living abroad can accept. In the case of multiple identity, a person may also have the status of other Chinese ethnic groups. Overseas Chinese are a special branch of the Chinese nation, we are the same kind of the same family countrymen.
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Name
华人源 from ancient China's Huaxia, "Annals of Zuo justice" and said: "There are clothes that of China Chapter of the United States," Han their ancestors Huaxia, more colorful clothing patterns, this is the origin of Chinese characters. With the expansion of Chinese civilization throughout the country, the concept of "Chinese" is getting Huaxia from the original single finger extended to the affected minority of Chinese civilization surrounding him now and become a nation of people of all generations that includes its next "Chinese people" as well as overseas "Chinese." This call using Cantonese Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao and immigrants, especially common. Chinatown neighborhoods are Cantonese live in Tang is also, generally applied to this title and overseas Chinese. Some countries such as Japan and other countries until the modern Chinese people still called China. Because of the Tang dynasty in Chinese history in powerful representative, and in fact with the culture of the Tang Dynasty was the degree of openness and exchange with foreign countries are also frequent incidental. And this Tang called on, he has become popular since the mid-19th century. After the 20th century, although generally not as good as the title China, Chinese common, but still seen in national names, such as: Chinatown (China Town: China Town). In addition, overseas Chinese in mainland China local practice called Tangshan.
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Meaning
"Chinese" word has meaning nation admit, a person with Chinese descent, the majority Han Chinese migrants to foreign. (See Chinese) sometimes refers specifically to places outside the Greater China region, recognizing ancestral motherland of China, with Chinese overseas Chinese descent. "Chinese" is not exactly equal to "Chinese people." Theoretically "Chinese" is legal and nationality means: have Chinese nationality (including the Republic of China People's Republic of nationality or citizenship) who. Chinese leave China and Taiwan over the world live, called the overseas Chinese, they do not necessarily have Chinese nationality. The vast majority of Taiwanese identify themselves with (partial) "Chinese" or "Chinese" identity and ancestry. Taiwan also has some people would call the Han Taiwanese descent artificial "ethnic Taiwanese," the concept of the equivalent of "Chinese-American", "Chinese Singaporeans," but there are very few other indigenous peoples of Taiwan (eg: Austronesian ethnic Taiwanese ) will be referred to the Chinese themselves. Han Qing abroad why self-proclaimed "Chinese", "Chinese", in fact, are not admitted enslaving Manchu rule, namely Tang, Hua said China's own orthodoxy, and the difference between the Qing Dynasty. Were not recorded in the Qing Qing Han will be claiming, clearing everyone refers to the full, but the former can be said Song dynasties, the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, at the time of China's neighboring countries have called for the overseas Han Chinese, Chinese.
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History
The word is derived from the Tang Tang Dynasty prosperous economic and cultural exchanges. Dynasty and Emperor Emperor cause from the beginning, and gradually expand the soil open side, Megatron Central Asia, West Asia and South China Sea countries. Northwest Coalition said the city-state and nomads 隋高祖 Yang Guang Yang Jian and 隋世祖 saint Khan, revered Emperor as "Heavenly Khan" Yeonghwiwon of governance and rule of the Tang Emperor Wu Zhou, to the time of Emperor Kaiyuan governance Guowei more prosperous, far and near countries have sent people to the tribute. From the world of everything they are Datang "Don" plus the word says, such as "Don word," "Tangshan" Wait, this situation continues today. Japan to Toyotomi Hideyoshi era also called China Tang Tang soil. Evolution of the Han and Tang The term "Han" refers specifically accused of Han nationality, was given "Han" meaning began in the reign of the Emperor mid north after five random China Hu family for the first time into the Central Plains to build a series of large-scale separatist regime, especially in the The Northern Wei, Eastern Wei and Northern Zhou creator mostly Xianbei, and they ruled the residents of the Central Plains region referred to as "Han." To the Sui and Tang dynasties, because good governance emperors, and gradually reached a heyday of feudal society, so Tang Dynasty appeared with the "Chinese" Han people alleged new title. However, the difference from the beginning of the Tang Dynasty and the Han Chinese have begun to blur the barbarian, especially Emperor itself is biracial, said Han Hu avoid more say.
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Literature
Originally known as the Han people as "Chinese" is the "sink Yin anthology" said: "Since the east Hanhai, Bird, Dunhuang, Zhangye, Jiuquan, East As Jincheng, Ning, things As for Ying, water, where five ten counties, six towns, five army, both Tang Renzi Sun, born jung slaves. "New Tang Tubo" Liuyuan Ding Tibetan envoy passes Lanzhou, see "Lanzhou places are rice, peaches and plums Cen Yu Liu Wei, Tang all households. Messenger rejoice to see the cover, lined outlook." Yuan "Dao Yi Zhi slightly order" and reads: "Since the time and later, after the trader Tang defeat, Fan rate subject to the ceremony outside the envoys of life." "History of the Ming foreign Zhenla Biography":. "Tang who Zhufan call overseas Chinese who is also known as Asian countries necessarily." Qing "pool North even talk about": "in the past to the rites, see the tribute of four to make the translation, or that is Han Chinese, or say Chinese. that Chinese persons, such as the Netherlands, Romania logic Asian countries. covers beginning through China since the Tang, the bent along cloud Seoul. "
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The difference between the Chinese people and the Chinese
Generally speaking, Chinese (Ethnic Chinese) mainly from the race in terms of the Chinese people (citizen of China) mainly come from nationality to distinguish these two meanings are not the same. Chinese (race) = Chinese Han and Han people of similar ethnic origin + overseas have similar ethnic Han Chinese and Han Chinese descent who (nationality) = China + 56 ethnic groups who have Chinese nationality other ethnic immigrants today Most countries in the world able to distinguish different meanings of race and nationality, so for the Chinese in the use of the term rarely disputed; For Chinese people involved in the use of the term political issues: cross-strait issues (one China, one in each table and two Chinese special two states, one Taiwan), Chinese in Southeast Asia, the integration of immigrants from other countries and national identity issues, so controversial is relatively large.
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The difference between Chinese and Chinese
"Overseas Chinese" usually refers to people living overseas in China, but still "have Chinese nationality". Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission of the Republic of the word "Chinese" be interpreted as follows: "Chinese" is in addition to overseas, but also include "naturalized as a foreign national," and immigrant diaspora of Chinese people around the world; "Chinese" is a single finger residing abroad "Republic of China nationals." In the laws of the PRC, the term refers to the aforementioned Chinese nation with blood and the "People's Republic of nationality non-personal." In addition to the official definition, the use of folk and academics on the overseas Chinese and Chinese-containing generalized become generalized description of the general term for all Chinese ancestors came from China.
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Chinese surnames
Chinese surnames range, the exact number of opinions, generally considered a total of 4000-6000, but now common, only one thousand or so other surnames are extremely rare. In 1977, the Chinese historian Li Dongming, the "Eastern magazine" published an article about the "name" of the paper, the article pointed out: The largest 10 Chinese surnames: Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu and Zhou. This ten surname representing approximately 40% of the Chinese population. The second big 10 surnames: Xu, Zhu Lin, Sun, Ma, high, Hu, Zheng Guo, Xiao. Accounted for more than 10% of the Chinese population. The third big 10 surnames: Xie, He, Xu Song, Shen, Luo, Han, Tang Liang Ye. Accounted for approximately 10% of the Chinese population. 15 is the next most common surname: Fang, Cui, Cheng, Pan, Cao Feng, Wang, Cai, Yuan, Lu, Tang, Qian, Du Peng, Lu. Add up to 10 percent of the total population. Chinese in the world, and its more than seven hundred million more than the population above 45 surnames.
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Chinese population around the table
China's total population - 1,352,320,115 people China region Mainland China - 1,321,851,888 people China Taiwan region - 23,000,827 people Hong Kong, China - 6,921,700 people China Macao - 545,700 people The total number of overseas Chinese - 39,379,784 people Local relative majority Singapore - 2,684,936 people, 75.6% of the total population Australia's Christmas Island - 1,045 people Burma region - 126.000 people Malaya Penang - 309965 people Local relatively small (population size sorting) Indonesia - 7,566,200 people Thailand - 7,153,240 people Malaysia - 7,070,500 people (including Penang and Baba family) of the total population of 24.5% USA - 3,376,031 people Canada - 1,612,173 3.69% of the total population Peru - 1,300,000 people Vietnam - 1,263,570 people Philippines - 1,146,250 people Myanmar - 1,101,314 people (including bold and Kokang region) 3% of the total population Russia - 998,000 people Australia - 700,000 people (including Christmas Island) Japan - 820,000 people Cambodia - 343,855 people UK - 296,623 people France - 230,515 people India - 189,470 people Laos --- 185,765 people Brazil - 151,649 people New Zealand - 147,570 people Netherlands - 144,928 people Korea - 137,790 people Panama - More than 100,000 people South Africa - More than 100,000 people Other parts of the country 15% of the 56,000 people of the total population - Brunei Mauritius - 36,830, the total population of 2.9%
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Language
Most Han Chinese majority can speak Chinese, in East Asia, led by the country among the Han Chinese (or Chinese people) generally can speak Chinese (including Chinese dialect), but also can read Chinese. Outside Asia, in addition to the first-generation Chinese immigrants, the majority of second and third generation Chinese (including mixed-race Chinese) are seldom able to read Chinese or speak only Chinese spoken language and can not read, or even fully understand Chinese, only in the language of the area for communication.
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Overseas Chinese relations with China
Overseas Chinese called Chinese ancestral home has the following call: "Tangshan", "homeland", "Motherland", "continent", "mainland", "our" and so on. Both the ROC and the PRC and overseas Chinese has both height and complex relationship. Both _set_ up a central ministries to deal with overseas Chinese affairs. ROC and the PRC are to protect overseas Chinese seats in the legislature. In the PRC, the General Assembly the highest legislative body has returned overseas Chinese National People's Congress of the seats. Overseas Chinese sometimes play a very important role in Chinese politics. The Revolution of 1911, the vast majority of funding is provided by overseas Chinese. Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese also provides a lot of money to support the cause of anti-Japanese, while tens of thousands of people returning to the war, when the Chinese Air Force fighter pilot in overseas accounted for almost three quarters. Meanwhile, the People's Republic of overseas Chinese also plays an important role, that is, the Philippines will be returned overseas Chinese Ye Fei, industrialist Tan also served as Vice Chairman of the positions. However, to the Cultural Revolution, ties with overseas Chinese have been severely affected, and even then there would be denounced foreign relations, and many returned overseas Chinese are subject to unfair treatment. After the reform and opening up, China's policy on overseas Chinese to return to the original level and strengthened. In the 1980s, attempts to actively seek the support of the People's Republic of overseas Chinese in other areas, to seek their technology and funds to help develop. Now, many overseas Chinese investment in Mainland China, providing financial resources, social and cultural networks, including exchanges and opportunities for each other.
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English Expression
: Hua Ren
n.: chinese, chinaman, ethnic Chinese person|people