animal behavior Organisms from the external perceived to have adaptive significance of the activity. Includes not only physical movement, but also stationary position, a change in color or physical signs of the show, sound, and smell the release and so on. Animals in order to survive, we must feeding, resist the enemy ... ...; to reproduce, it is necessary reproduction, all this is accomplished through behavior. Animal behavior research has been taken seriously. In theory, through the behavior of biological interactions is an important driving force of evolution. In practice, the research on learning and education for human enlightenment. Behavior of the general behavior of the physiological mechanisms and response requires the ability to feel complete. The easiest protozoan behavior, only tropism, and environmental stimuli can feel close to or away from it. Coelenterate a neural network, more than Platyhelminthes ganglion and receptors, more vertebrate central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, receptor is also highly developed. Invertebrates have endocrine organs, and more and more complex vertebrate endocrine system. Nervous system and endocrine system is the physiological basis of behavior. Animal behavior requires both internal and external stimuli: for example, stimulation of eating behaviors for the hunger within and outside the visual and olfactory stimuli was found in the outside world through food. Internal state (full or hungry) is also often referred to as motivation. Receptors receive information, to transform it into nerve impulses by sensory afferent central nervous system, in which decoding and decision-making. Motor to turn decision-making and other effector muscle or gland, so there response. Reflection of an animal through the nervous system and external environmental stimuli on the regularity of response. Divided into non-conditioned reflex and reflex conditioned reflex. Unconditioned reflex is innate, conditioned reflex is a conditioned reflex after birth on the basis of the non-formation through training, there are classical conditioning and operant conditioning of the points. Conditioned animals can adapt to changes in environmental conditions. The so-called instinct is a series of non-conditioned reflex; and learning the actual process of building a conditioned reflex. Endocrine had a significant effect on certain acts, such as sex hormones and sexual behavior on the closely related. Endocrine system activities are controlled by the nervous system, and therefore affected by the environment. Many genetic and developmental behavior of the genetic basis of behavior. For example, the "clean type" and "dirty-type" hybrid bees and found that 4 of their offspring appear in the type of individual behavior, the number of individuals are similar, indicating that behavior is controlled by multiple genes. Instinctive behaviors stereotypes. But the environment is changing, instinctive behavior stereotypes alone can not cope with all kinds of "accidents", which can be seen in most animals in varying degrees of learning ability. In higher animals, the ability to adapt to the environment through action learning can also be passed to the next generation, which often referred to as distinct from the genetic transmission of cultural transmission. It is dependent on this cultural transmission, there came all kinds of "wisdom" of the animals, there came the human and modern civilization. The main physiological mechanism of learning is ip classical conditioning Pavlov. Skinner's operant conditioning found in the so-called "trial and error" learning mode. This method of learning, whether in animals or humans are common. In fact, in many learning instances, the two reflections are working. Operant conditioning determines what animal behavior, classical conditioning has decided to take this act of animal motivation intensity. Insight Learning is often considered the most advanced learning, animals seem to be through some sort of "reasoning" from the experience of scattered grasp regularities, such as chimpanzees can learn to use tools to explore the short extract. There is also a special approach to learning is called imprinting. For example, in the hatched baby ducks during a certain period after the exposure to the activities of the objects it can produce a kind of "attachment" phenomenon, the total trailing behind. In nature, this is usually the pro-birds, it is also known as the parent-child imprinted. However, if the baby duck to make it happen for another pro-imprinted birds, baby ducks are actually mature birds in an attempt to mate with another, this is known as gender imprinting. This learning occurs only in a certain sensitive period, and the consequences lasting and irreversible. Sensitive period is genetically determined, and a variety of different learning abilities of animals is genetically determined, and therefore some scholars that "With the instinct to learn" point of view.
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No. 2
animal behavior Concept】 【 Organisms from the external perceived to have adaptive significance of the activity. Carried out a series of animals in their favor survival and reproduction of the activities are animal behavior. Includes not only physical movement, but also stationary position, a change in color or physical signs of the show, sound, and smell the release and so on. Animals in order to survive, we must feeding, resist the enemy ... ...; to reproduce, it is necessary reproduction, all this is accomplished through behavior. Animal behavior research has been taken seriously. In theory, through the behavior of biological interactions is an important driving force of evolution. In practice, the research on learning and education for human enlightenment. 【Category】 Complex and varied behavior of animals can be divided into foraging behavior, hoarding behavior is offensive, defensive behavior, reproductive behavior, rhythmic behavior, social behavior. Various actors are animals, the performance of the complex environment. Foraging behavior is obtained through its own unique way the behavior of the food necessary for survival. Closely linked to the hoarding behavior of various animals have hoarding behavior, such as ants. This is to maintain normal life activities is very beneficial. Attack is the same species as individuals struggle between, such as meal meal, charming spouse and chassis. However, although each battle is very fierce, but they follow a law of interesting, is rarely fatal injury. I do not know an appointment between animals, or could not bear to see the bloody scene, after all, you are similar. Defensive behavior of animals is carried out between dissimilar to protect themselves, the behavior of natural enemies defense. Reproductive behavior is concerned with reproductive behavior of offspring. Including identification of male and female animals, possession of breeding space, courtship, mating, incubation, feeding and so on. With the sun, moon, animals, cyclical changes in the earth, the evolving rhythmic activity, called the rhythm of behavior. Migratory fish and birds, such as migration. Social behavior of animals is maintained between the same groups of animals, the behavior of co-existence. Does not refer to a group of animals together, but the division of labor among group members together to maintain community life. A typical example of a large colony. 【Principle】 Behavior of the general behavior of the physiological mechanisms and response requires the ability to feel complete. The easiest protozoan behavior, only tropism, and environmental stimuli can feel close to or away from it. Coelenterate a neural network, more than Platyhelminthes ganglion and receptors, more vertebrate central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, receptor is also highly developed. Invertebrates have endocrine organs, and more and more complex vertebrate endocrine system. Nervous system and endocrine system is the physiological basis of behavior. Animal behavior requires both internal and external stimuli: for example, stimulation of eating behaviors for the hunger within and outside the visual and olfactory stimuli was found in the outside world through food. Internal state (full or hungry) is also often referred to as motivation. Receptors receive information, to transform it into nerve impulses by sensory afferent central nervous system, in which decoding and decision-making. Motor to turn decision-making and other effector muscle or gland, so there response. Reflection of an animal through the nervous system and external environmental stimuli on the regularity of response. Divided into non-conditioned reflex and reflex conditioned reflex. Unconditioned reflex is innate, conditioned reflex is a conditioned reflex after birth on the basis of the non-formation through training, there are classical conditioning and operant conditioning of the points. Conditioned animals can adapt to changes in environmental conditions. The so-called instinct is a series of non-conditioned reflex; and learning the actual process of building a conditioned reflex. Endocrine had a significant effect on certain acts, such as sex hormones and sexual behavior on the closely related. Endocrine system activities are controlled by the nervous system, and therefore affected by the environment. Many genetic and developmental behavior of the genetic basis of behavior. For example, the "clean type" and "dirty-type" hybrid bees and found that 4 of their offspring appear in the type of individual behavior, the number of individuals are similar, indicating that behavior is controlled by multiple genes. Instinctive behaviors stereotypes. But the environment is changing, instinctive behavior stereotypes alone can not cope with all kinds of "accidents", which can be seen in most animals in varying degrees of learning ability. In higher animals, the ability to adapt to the environment through action learning can also be passed to the next generation, which often referred to as distinct from the genetic transmission of cultural transmission. It is dependent on this cultural transmission, there came all kinds of "wisdom" of the animals, there came the human and modern civilization. The main physiological mechanism to learn IP Pavlov's classical conditioning. Skinner's operant conditioning found in the so-called "trial and error" learning mode. This method of learning, whether in animals or humans are common. In fact, in many learning instances, the two reflections are working. Operant conditioning determines what animal behavior, classical conditioning has decided to take this act of animal motivation intensity. Insight Learning is often considered the most advanced learning, animals seem to be through some sort of "reasoning" from the experience of scattered grasp regularities, such as chimpanzees can learn to use tools to explore the short extract. There is also a special approach to learning is called imprinting. For example, in the hatched baby ducks during a certain period after the exposure to the activities of the objects it can produce a kind of "attachment" phenomenon, the total trailing behind. In nature, this is usually the pro-birds, it is also known as the parent-child imprinted. However, if the baby duck to make it happen for another pro-imprinted birds, baby ducks are actually mature birds in an attempt to mate with another, this is known as gender imprinting. This learning occurs only in a certain sensitive period, and the consequences lasting and irreversible. Sensitive period is genetically determined, and a variety of different learning abilities of animals is genetically determined, and therefore some scholars that "With the instinct to learn" point of view. Animal behavior can be divided into: feeding behavior, territorial behavior, aggression, defense behavior, reproductive behavior, rhythmic behavior, social behavior