Vertebrate bone and cartilage bone junction between
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No. 2
Knee
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No. 3
Implicitly means that old human, bribe officials to do Goutong
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No. 4
Joints less than a hell the old package. - "Sung Chuan-Bao Zheng"
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No. 5
Open up the joint
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No. 6
Where bones connect with each other. "Su asked the six-Masaki big": the "bad for the joints flexion and extension." Song Ye Shi, "wearing a little look book": "Road lead joints, screen idle thoughtful." Han Beiping "African Night will Unfortunately coincidence": "That guy complacent , the finger joints giggle sounds confused. "
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No. 7
Key; important part. Han Yu, "History of the house of Shi Yu LI epitaph": "The sea of Ogilvy & Mather said, joint opened solution, such an endeavor has thousands of threads, participate in re-out wrong." Ming Hu Ying-lin, "Shao Shishan Dan lead the new house document bundle recorded four milling Xian" : "must be to read the history of biography, the origins of these things in a self Insight, insight Zhen Wang, Nai-learning in a large joint, should be aware of." Qing Hui Qiu MAGAZINE "smell different speech quoted Wen Sun Departed": "1 Scholars should be the Provincial Department of family friend, examiners, to discuss joint, though not it, but to be embedded within the cloud of the essay 'Tripmaster Monkey', be Chinese. "Wei Wei" Eastern "Part III Chapter III:" Week servant problem in several joints made a play. "
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No. 8
Refers to secretly bribe Goutong official business. Contensou E "Miscellaneous Study," Volume: "Good for the British Yao Qiao Mei, confusion of the set, dust lazy service, but Yao said, were the father of Britain, from the brother said, meaning, and Juan Zhao delivery with access to institutions of Bribery , No. joints. "" Water Margin "Sixth 2 back:" Cai Furu, Cai Qing, the two ge negotiation, and secretly appealed to buy gold, the joint has been set. "Guo" Cai Wenji "fourth screen:" Cao Cao: Well, this not dark joints it? "refer to Wu Song had" things can change fast recorded before the Second Man. "
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No. 9
Signal. Yuan Gao Wenxiu "Black Whirlwind" Second off: "That woman Oh, he sang one for the joint, that Joe was Oh, he should be one coming too." Ming Ye Xianzu "Yishui Han," the fourth off: "I think Yan Qin people do not realize that the sound can not help that the sound of the piano within the dark get a joint, I can get out are the king! "
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No. 10
Asked.
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No. 11
Machine plan; trick. Yuan Guan Hanqing "Wangjiangting" Third off: "You come for the official business of these, I wonder if you Zen Sheng Wu joints do?" Element Anonymous "fishing Qiao Ji" fourth act: "What is obviously difficult for this joint See, almost to a child over into resentment grace. "
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No. 12
Means the conversation is not that people deliberately stop suspense shut. Zhao, "Three Mile Bay, there is no face": "He sold so many joints, we naturally asked." Opera "Tan Kee child" Fourth field: "Your honor, why sell your joints."
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No. 13
① bone connected place. Under construction can be divided into three types, immobile joints such as the skull, slightly immobile, such as vertebrae joints, joint activities, such as limbs. ② play a key role in the link: This is the crux of the problem ~ 丨 careful analysis to find out ~. ③ refers to secretly bribe Goutong official or officials to do: to fight the dark ~ ~ 丨.
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No. 14
Continuous called between bone and bone and joint, to the activities called "joint activities", not activity called "do not move the joint." Joints are talking about here is the joint activities, such as limbs, education, elbows, fingers, hips, knees and other joints. Joint by the joint capsule, articular joint surface and composition. Joint capsule surrounds the outside of the joints, bones and joints smooth articular surface is called the hundred, intra-articular cavity portion of the joint cavity. Normal, there is a small amount of intra-articular fluid to reduce joint motion when friction. When the joint is sick, can increase intra-articular fluid, formation of joint effusion and swelling. There are many muscles around the joint attachment, when muscle contraction, can be used for extension, flexion, outer ring rotation adduction and other sports. Joint The "official Lingshu needle": "edema disease who can not pass the joint." Medicine for the joint use of the term has two different meanings. One of anatomical sites, namely bone and bone phase of the Department, there is flexion stretch and rotate the active function, known as joints. Such as the shoulder, elbow, hip, finger (toe) joints, etc., and another who was not active flexion rotation does not move the joints, such as the lumbosacral joint, sacrococcygeal joints. Second, the Department of sore ulcer disease term development potential of the order of time. "Surgical authentic" Volume I, said: "Sri Lanka joints that give birth to this time-varying climate," the text of the note reads: "those joints, sore sun is off to the 14th, vaginal sores 21 knots, this time to the service pus, not too busy movement of a given situation, but the pus out side off from rot, rot off the square from muscle health, muscle health side from convergence, convergence Fang Ping from sores, this is sore joints, increased from order to have. schedule shall pus who, even after a change in life, as an off-shun, shun the libido, a closed inverse, inverse after libido, this perspective, must be aware of it. "two meanings distinct, can not distinguish it. The basic structure of the joint: Although a variety of joints of the human body, but no more than the relevant section of the surface of the basic structure, joint capsule and articular cavity. 1, the articular surface: smooth surface of each bone in contact with each other at the articular surface is called. Articular surface is covered with a layer of cartilage called articular cartilage. 2, the joint capsule: the connective tissue, which is attached to the central plane of the articular surface around them. 3, the joint cavity: that between the articular cartilage and joint capsule of the narrow gap closed. Bone torso include: spine, ribs and sternum. These bones connected to each other constitute the spine and thorax. 1, spine The spine is made twenty-four vertebrae (cervical seven of which, twelve thoracic, lumbar five) one of the sacrum and coccyx with a stacked together. 2, thoracic In the thoracic spine, ribs, and sternum cartilage composition. Ribs: A total of ten pairs, symmetrical, front ribs and sternum by cartilage link process Sternocostal vertebral joints, the eighth to tenth rib tip is not connected sternum, each forming a link with the host of the costal cartilage costal arch. XI, is not connected to the front end of twelve ribs with the host cartilage, called floating ribs. Sternum: Habitat chest are central. Upper limb: including clavicle, scapula, and humerus upper arm, forearm and hand ulnar and radial and carpal eight blocks, five metacarpals and phalanges verse 14. Carpal can be divided into two rows: proximal row from the little finger side of the thumb sideways, there scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and beans bone; distal row were mostly cross bone, trapezoid, and hamate bone heads. Metacarpal bone of the thumb to the little finger in turn, said first, second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal. In addition to the thumb phalanx of two sections, the remaining sections of three sections, a total of fourteen. Proximal to the distal phalanx of the body, respectively, said first (nearly), second (middle) and third (far) knuckles. Shoulder As the joint capsule surrounds the humeral head and glenoid scapula made. Due to large articular surface of the humeral head, hemispherical, scapula glenoid small and shallow, with the joint capsule loose and thin, so a flexible shoulder joint, is easily one of the joint body dislocation. Elbow Is a complex joint, composed of three joints were living together in the same joint capsule. (1) brachial ulnar joint: It is the main joint of the elbow, there humerus and ulna tackle pulley notch composition. Malleable 140 degrees. (2) brachioradialis joint: composed of the humeral head and joint concave radius. Only composer stretch and swing movement. (3) proximal radioulnar joint: the radial annular radial articular surface and bone constitute the top of the notch. When stretched brachial, forearm and upper arm is not in a straight line, between the forearm and upper arm form an angle of opening to the outside, this angle is called the carrying angle (approximately 165 degrees males, females about 135 degrees). Radiocarpal joint The wrist joint surface and the boat, month and triangular composition of the radius bone, do flexion-extension, adduction, abduction and rotation movement of the ring. Radiocarpal joint between the wrist and the range of activities are: maximum flexion of about 90 degrees, extension 45 degrees, 40 degrees adduction, abduction 20 degrees, turn the ring minimal degree. Carpometacarpal joint There are rows of carpal and metacarpal under the constitution. In addition to the thumb carpometacarpal, can do little finger metacarpal joint flexion and extension, or closed, the outer ring of palm and transfer (only the thumb carpometacarpal joints) and other sports, more than the three basic carpometacarpal joint does not move. Hip The acetabulum and femoral head components. Because femoral acetabular deeper to accommodate the 2/3, and the muscles around the hip joint capsule and strong off than the thickness, and therefore, larger than the shoulder stability. Hip dislocation is also behind the elbow and shoulder. Knee Articular surface of the femur, patellar articular surface and the articular surface of the tibia composition. Synovial cavity are two cruciate ligament division. Before and after two cruciate ligament still prevent anterior tibial, after shifting role. There are crescent-shaped knee articular disc, called a half rice, its inside large and small outside. When the knee flexion in pronation or semi-external rotation position, sudden strong extensor exercise, make meniscus. Tough knee capsule, anterior joint capsule has patella and patellar ligament; sides tibial, fibular collateral ligament; later placed oblique ligament. Ankle The lower end of the tibia and medial malleolus, fibula and talus lateral malleolus constitute belonging tackle joints. Maximum ankle weight, smaller articular surface, but has strengthened the ankle joint capsule ligament, medial ligament from the medial to the medial malleolus, navicular bone, the talus and calcaneus. Ankle ligaments around the joints due to the strong and powerful, so that when the ankle sprain, fracture occurred even though the lateral ligament has not been damaged.
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Joint
The "official Lingshu needle": "edema disease who can not pass the joint." Medicine for the joint use of the term has two different meanings. One of anatomical sites, namely bone and bone phase of the Department, there is flexion stretch and rotate the active function, known as joints. Such as the shoulder, elbow, hip, finger (toe) joints, etc., and another who was not active flexion rotation does not move the joints, such as the lumbosacral joint, sacrococcygeal joints. Second, the Department of sore ulcer disease term development potential of the order of time. "Surgical authentic" Volume I, said: "Sri Lanka joints that give birth to this time-varying climate," the text of the note reads: "those joints, sore sun is off to the 14th, vaginal sores 21 knots, this time to the service pus, not too busy movement of a given situation, but the pus out side off from rot, rot off the square from muscle health, muscle health side from convergence, convergence Fang Ping from sores, this is sore joints, increased from order to have. schedule shall pus who, even after a change in life, as an off-shun, shun the libido, a closed inverse, inverse after libido, this perspective, must be aware of it. "two meanings distinct, can not distinguish it.
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The basic structure of the joint:
Although a variety of joints of the human body, but no more than the relevant section of the surface of the basic structure, joint capsule and articular cavity. 1, the articular surface: smooth surface of each bone in contact with each other at the articular surface is called. Articular surface is covered with a layer of cartilage called articular cartilage. 2, the joint capsule: the connective tissue, which is attached to the central plane of the articular surface around them. 3, the joint cavity: that between the articular cartilage and joint capsule of the narrow gap closed.
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Bone torso
Including the spine, ribs and sternum. These bones connected to each other constitute the spine and thorax. 1, spine The spine is made twenty-four vertebrae (cervical seven of which, twelve thoracic, lumbar five) one of the sacrum and coccyx with a stacked together. 2, thoracic In the thoracic spine, ribs, and sternum cartilage composition.
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Ribs
A total of ten pairs, symmetrical, front ribs and sternum by cartilage link process Sternocostal vertebral joints, the eighth to tenth rib tip is not connected sternum, each forming a link with the host of the costal cartilage costal arch. XI, is not connected to the front end of twelve ribs with the host cartilage, called floating ribs.
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Sternum
Habitat is the central chest. Upper limb: including clavicle, scapula, and humerus upper arm, forearm and hand ulnar and radial and carpal eight blocks, five metacarpals and phalanges verse 14. Carpal can be divided into two rows: proximal row from the little finger side of the thumb sideways, there scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and beans bone; distal row were mostly cross bone, trapezoid, and hamate bone heads. Metacarpal bone of the thumb to the little finger in turn, said first, second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal. In addition to the thumb phalanx of two sections, the remaining sections of three sections, a total of fourteen. Proximal to the distal phalanx of the body, respectively, said first (nearly), second (middle) and third (far) knuckles.
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Shoulder
As the joint capsule surrounds the humeral head and glenoid scapula made. Due to large articular surface of the humeral head, hemispherical, scapula glenoid small and shallow, with the joint capsule loose and thin, so a flexible shoulder joint, is easily one of the joint body dislocation.
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Elbow
Is a complex joint, composed of three joints were living together in the same joint capsule. (1) brachial ulnar joint: It is the main joint of the elbow, there humerus and ulna tackle pulley notch composition. Malleable 140 degrees. (2) brachioradialis joint: composed of the humeral head and joint concave radius. Only composer stretch and swing movement. (3) proximal radioulnar joint: the radial annular radial articular surface and bone constitute the top of the notch. When stretched brachial, forearm and upper arm is not in a straight line, between the forearm and upper arm form an angle of opening to the outside, this angle is called the carrying angle (approximately 165 degrees males, females about 135 degrees).
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Radiocarpal joint
The wrist joint surface and the boat, month and triangular composition of the radius bone, do flexion-extension, adduction, abduction and rotation movement of the ring. Radiocarpal joint between the wrist and the range of activities are: maximum flexion of about 90 degrees, extension 45 degrees, 40 degrees adduction, abduction 20 degrees, turn the ring minimal degree.
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Carpometacarpal joint
There are rows of carpal and metacarpal under the constitution. In addition to the thumb carpometacarpal, can do little finger metacarpal joint flexion and extension, or closed, the outer ring of palm and transfer (only the thumb carpometacarpal joints) and other sports, more than the three basic carpometacarpal joint does not move.
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Hip
The acetabulum and femoral head components. Because femoral acetabular deeper to accommodate the 2/3, and the muscles around the hip joint capsule and strong off than the thickness, and therefore, larger than the shoulder stability. Hip dislocation is also behind the elbow and shoulder.
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Knee
Articular surface of the femur, patellar articular surface and the articular surface of the tibia composition. Synovial cavity are two cruciate ligament division. Before and after two cruciate ligament still prevent anterior tibial, after shifting role. There are crescent-shaped knee articular disc, called a half rice, its inside large and small outside. When the knee flexion in pronation or semi-external rotation position, sudden strong extensor exercise, make meniscus. Tough knee capsule, anterior joint capsule has patella and patellar ligament; sides tibial, fibular collateral ligament; later placed oblique ligament.
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Ankle
The lower end of the tibia and medial malleolus, fibula and talus lateral malleolus constitute belonging tackle joints. Maximum ankle weight, smaller articular surface, but has strengthened the ankle joint capsule ligament, medial ligament from the medial to the medial malleolus, navicular bone, the talus and calcaneus. Ankle ligaments around the joints due to the strong and powerful, so that when the ankle sprain, fracture occurred even though the lateral ligament has not been damaged. Due to the action of bacteria or viruses and other pathogenic factors of the respective parts of autoantibodies joints, such as the synovium, cartilage, bone or cartilage exudation occurs, neutrophils and lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cytokine activity reaction known for arthritis. In general, according to etiology and clinical manifestations, arthritis can be divided into the following categories: 1) infectious arthritis 2) unexplained polyarthritis 3) metabolic endocrine disease 4) degenerative joint disease 5) joint trauma 6) neurological arthropathy 7) allergic arthropathy 8) bleeding disorders 9) tumors and tumor-like lesions. Joint anecdote: a person's life, the need to bend the finger joints 25 million times on average.
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Joint classification
Anatomically speaking, joint divided into four categories, 1, 2 condylar joints, sliding joints 3, 4 pivot joint, saddle joint.
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Encyclopedia
guanjie Joint joint Is a link between bone and bone structure, also known as indirect bone link. Between the relevant section of the bone surface, both interconnected, but also to maintain a certain gap can form joints. Articular surface (constituting the joint surface opposite the bone), joint capsule (including connective tissue around the joints and synovial surface of the pouch), and intra-articular (joint capsule, the narrow gap between the articular surfaces) and the like is composed of three joints basic structure. In addition, some of the joints as well as ligaments, articular disc, meniscus and bursa and other auxiliary structures.
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English Expression
: Jt. Joint
n.: knuckle, structure in the body of an animal by which bones are fitted together, arthron, articulus, articulatio, say in secret, article, junctura, joint, hasp, articulation, arthrosis, arthrogram, link