Please read the song's definition, classification and work
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Yuan defined
Yuan Yuan Dynasty was the peak period. In general, collectively known as Yuan Dynasty and Verse is the Yuan Dynasty and the main body. However, the achievements of the Yuan Dynasty and influence far beyond Verse and, therefore, was to "Yuan" means a single drama, Yuan that is "Yuan Drama." Yuan is a treasure trove of splendid culture of Chinese nation in a wonderful work, it is in the ideological content and artistic achievements embody the unique characteristics, and poetry tripartite balance of both, and has become an important milestone in the history of literature of three. Yuan originally from the so-called "Fan Song", "Hu Music", first in folklore, known as the "Xiao Ling market" or "Village Administrative Minor." Central Plains as the Yuan Song, which has the most (now Beijing) and Lin'an (now Hangzhou) as the center of the vast north-south regional spread. Yuan has _set_ strict metrical style, each of Tune's sentence, word, Oblique and others have a fixed format requirements. Although the freeze, but not rigid, allowing the lining of the freeze-frame in the word, but also tunes by some sentences, rhymes pass on the allowed charge ze, and the quatrains and Song Poems, compared with greater flexibility. So the reader can find the same song "Tune" the two words are sometimes not the same as that for this reason (the same tunes, the words of a standard at least freeze). Following the Tang, Song Wei is a literature after the Yuan Sheng has its unique charm: on the one hand, the elegant poetry of Yuan inherited mildly; the one hand, the scholars in the Yuan Dynasty "Ru ten nine eight beggar Prostitution "status, authoritarian political, social darkness, so that emitted a very eye-catching Yuan battle glory, revealing the emotional resistance; edge directed at social ills, lashed out at" do not read the maximum, can not read the best, nobody knows what Some boast pretty down "society, directed at" everyone too embarrassed life, who not see the money close to him "World Wind. Yuan in the description of the works of love is more pungent than the ancient poetry and bold. These are enough to keep alive the artistic charm of Yuan. Yuan's rise to the development of our national poetry, culture has a profound impact on the prosperity and the outstanding contributions, Yuan appeared to flower with the other arts, and immediately showed great vitality, it is not only handy and poetry scholar Wing tools, but also reflect the social life of the Yuan Dynasty loved by the people to provide a new art form.
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[1] the rise of Yuan
Yuan composition, including two types of style: the first includes Xiaoling, with music and copy number of the writing over; the second cycle of songs composed by the lyrics, intermingled with white and Ke Fan Bin, designed for drama performances on stage. "Verse" and the "play song" relative existence. Opera music is used for performing plays, writing a variety of roles in the operas, a character asks, action, etc.; Verse lyrics are just used as a cappella. Formally, Song and words are similar, but in language, the word subtle to elegant, and Verse to the popular and lively; in rhyme, the words have strict requirements, and more freedom Sanqu more. Verse from the style into two categories: "Xiao Ling" and "scattered _set_s." Xiaoling called leafless, institutional short, usually only an independent piece (a few songs including twenty-three). San tune _set_ by the multi-component, and requires always with a rhyme. Songs and Tune also has a variety of names such as "Diao hundred order", "blowing in the wind", "hi spring," "Shan Poyang", "red embroidered shoes," and the like, many of these names is very colloquial, and this also shows that Verse closer to folk than words. Yuan for its work and exposing the profound reality of the broad subject matter, language, popular, in the form of lively, fresh style, depicting a lively, ever-changing tactics in the Art Gallery of Ancient Chinese Literature with dazzling splendor of radiation. Yuan's rise and development, with complex causes. First of all, the first generation of social reality is the basis for the rise of Yuan Yuan Dynasty vast territory, the economic prosperity of the city, great theater, books and the active day and night without a break in the audience, the rise of the Yuan Dynasty laid the foundation; Secondly, the Yuan Dynasty cultural exchange and melting, and promote the formation of Yuan Dynasty; again, Yuan is the intrinsic laws of poetry and literary tradition of inheritance, the inevitable result of the development.
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[1] the development of Yuan
Yuan's development, can be divided into three periods. Early: Nation to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty Yuan Dynasty. Yuan during this period of popular folk just slang into poetry, there are distinctive characteristics of the popularization of oral and Guang release of hearty, rustic nature of the fantastic. Mostly of northerners, including Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shih-fu, Wang Xiaojun, White Park and others, the most successful, such as the state of Guan Hanqing's dramas written copy world, the music do its magic, styles, lively and deep Xiaoling, crystal Wanli, bad copy number Hao Hao spicy, sweet. Ma Zhiyuan subject matter broad, lofty mood, vivid, graceful language, phonological harmony, known as the Yuan Dynasty in the first all "music scholar" and "Autumn Thoughts of the ancestors." Medium-term: from Kublai Khan to the first year to the element to the first year after Shundi. Yuan creation of this period began to intellectuals, professional and comprehensive transition Verse become a major genre of poetry. Zheng Guangzu important writers, Sui Jing Chen, Joe, Zhang waiting. Final: to positive element into the case between the Yuan Dynasty. At this point the writing as a professional writer to get music, they pay attention to metrical rhetoric, the art of deliberately seeking work, Chong Shangwan about delicate, elegant and beautiful, on behalf of writers Zhang Yang Hao, Xu Rethinking and so on. In short, the Yuan as the "generation of the Literature", the subject matter diverse, creative vision on large wide, reflecting the life of vivid, full moving characters, the language easy to understand, is a treasure house of ancient culture, an indispensable legacy.
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[1] Yuan system
Yuan rise and represent the highest achievements of literature in this period, for its part, is due to Yuan to establish and improve the institutional form, the system is specifically expressed in song the following six areas: 1, Gong: Gong refers to the ancient Chinese music, melody and music and Gong out of the Sui and Tang Yan Yue, North and South music are commonly used fifth house four tune, known as Nine-palace, or North and South Jiugong, including main palace, the Lu Palace, South Rue Temple, Xian Lu Palace, Palace Huangzhong (fifth house), Omo tone, dual tone, business transfer, the more stressed (four tones), each song has its own style of Gong, or sad, or grandiose, or touching, or heavy. Yuan Drama in Verse ploidy and copy number is determined by two different tones in the same house tunes linked together. 2, Tune: commonly known as "music" is generally referred to a variety of tunes, each with special names, such as the "point purple-red lips," "Shan Poyang" and the total number, a total of 335 North Song Dynasty, each has a Tune some of the tunes, singing, but also provides the song's words, syntax, Oblique and so on. Thus can fill out the new lyrics, mostly tunes from the public, part of the word evolved, so has and Cipai Tune names were the same, but the content is not entirely consistent. In addition, there are designed for playing tunes, but mostly only the melody without lyrics. 3, Qu Yun: strict rhythms in the Yuan Dynasty, "Chung Yuan Yin" nineteen of the requirements of sub-level, on the go, with the rhyme has the following characteristics: ze-pass charge, do not avoid the re-rhyme, a rhyme in the end, by Yun , dark rhyme, rhyme superfluous, missing rhyme. 4, ze: ze music in words is more stringent than the poetry, and special attention to the last sentence of each of the first ze. 5, parallelism: parallelism requires more freedom song, can Pingze relative, but also the relative level tone, the level tone of the level tone, oblique tones on the oblique tones. Song of the antithesis in the form of "should of", "end to end on", "lining the word for" thirteen, etc., in the combination of the use of language and word order, there are many features of the main problems: there are workers to have wide right, but width of the more commonly; sentence from the right; intricate inverted word pairs, or pairs, such as "loyal and not afraid of death, fear of death is not loyal"; by saying into the right. 6, lining word: music and words the most significant difference is whether the lining of the word, backed the word is music, not lining the word is the word. The so-called "lining the word" refers to the song outside the law to require an increase in the number of words the word, it is not phonological, ze, sentence melody such restrictions are generally used for lining word sentence. Left the name in the Yuan Dynasty, Song for a total of hundred and twenty people, spread so far there are over four thousand five hundred works of the first (_set_, Ministry), of which the first Xiaoling over three thousand eight hundred (including the band over song), _set_s of copy number four hundred and seventy, one hundred and sixty drama the dozen (this). Among the many writers, the formation of the Yuan Dynasty to make groundbreaking contributions to the Yuan, the occasion of the war he was born in Jin and Yuan, Jin and Yuan dynasties is the name of the highest poetry of the stars. Shu Chun Qingrun his work, utterly out of time as, on the creation of Yuan plays a resource guide, the role specification. Yuan Dynasty Yuan Dynasty: Yuan Dynasty, also known as North, North Qu, Yuan. Yuan Yuan Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, including two parts, which in gold on the basis of hospital gave birth to the formation of development, when the occasion of popular Southern Opera, Opera North mature. Half of the 13th century Yuan Dynasty is the most prosperous period ranked theater. Sizhe a wedge structure is one of its remarkable features, "one singer" is the Yuan Dynasty is another notable feature. Sing Yuan closely linked with that of white, "Qu Shiraai life." There are some features of the Yuan Dynasty, such as a play focus on the stage of, the type of division of labor and ignore the real life of morphology to the type of, a symbol of the way, the performance of the play's inner feelings, the writer and the shedding of the mind sees the true nature of combination of life and so on. Fully equipped with the essential features of opera, it has completed a comprehensive history of opera is a rigorous, integrated and unified, but also the distinctive art of opera. Yuan Hospital in gold and Zhugongdiao the direct influence, integration of various forms of performing arts drama made a complete form. And in the words of the Tang and Song dynasties, songwriters, spoken or sung on the basis of literature to create a mature literary script. Funny fun than the main army to play or Song Dynasty can be said to have played a qualitative change. As a mature theater, the Yuan Dynasty in the content not only enrich the long-sung in the folk story, and broadly reflects the social reality of the masses to become the most popular art forms.
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Important literature on common sense Yuan
Yuan four tragedies: "Snow in Midsummer" Guan Hanqing "Parasol Rain" White Park "Autumn in Palace" Ma Zhiyuan "Orphan" Ji Junxiang Yuan Four love stories: "Worship the Moon," Guan Hanqing "The West Chamber" Wang Shih-fu "Right wall" White Park "Comparison between the Plots" Zheng Guangzu
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No. 8
Yuan Chun-known song (Love theme) White Park Kim has never been good nature, has always been bitter melon sweet child. Press tightly clamp your mother arrested, is very strict, the more resistance the more the situation between the shovel. Tian Jing Sha (Autumn Thoughts) Ma Zhiyuan Kuteng faint crow trees, small bridges people. Road westerly Shouma. Sun_set_, heartbroken people in the End of the World. Shan Poyang (Tongguan Nostalgia) Zhang Yang Hao Peaks and ridges such as polyethylene, waves, such as anger, table mountains and rivers Tongguan Road. Swansea is intended to hold back, hurt by the line at the Qin and Han dynasties. Palace ten thousand have done with earth. Xing, the people suffer. Death, the people suffer. Flower sound (Nostalgia) Zhang years Beauty Zi Wen Wu River, the war has been burning the Red Cliff Hill, the old General Air Pass. Sad Han, pepole trampled, scholars sigh. Double Adjustable Night Boat (Autumn Thoughts) Ma Zhiyuan Hundred years time, such as butterfly dream, heavy sigh worthy look back. Today, spring, Ming Hua Xie, Ye Lan lamp emergency light penalty. [Tree Search] want Qingonghanque, have done a shortness of wild cattle and sheep. No change of position Why do not the words of firewood and fisheries. Cross-sectional longitudinal Huangfen monument, not debate snake. [Qing Xuan and] cast to the Fox trace Hing rabbit hole, how many different people. Three rival powers halfway off, knowing he is Weiye? Jin Ye know that he is? [Lamei wind] days teach you rich, too extravagant Mo. Good day good night without a long time. Miser hard to heart like iron, and air live up to the Kam Tong Temptress Moon. [Few play] eyes red and the West Ramp, diseases like downhill car. Xiao-Qing mirror add to the snow, do not go to bed Hing footwear phase. Mock dove nest count clumsy, gourd makeup has always been to stay put. [Dial continuously] Lee were dried, non-absolute. Not to provoke the Red front, partial trees should cover corner. Castle wall and complement missing, bamboo fence cottage. [From the Pavilion Banquet evil] cricket Yin Ning posted a nap before, all without Xiuxie cock. Competition and fame, what year is thorough. Mi Zaza ants of soldiers, disorderly honey bees, flies Rang Rang downtown fight blood. Pei public green together, so that White Lotus Club Tao. To those who love fall: pick and Lu yellow, purple crabs cooked with cream, cooking wine, burning leaves. Cup of life is a few climbing section. I urchin reporter asked: I have come to the North Sea exploration, said Tori drunk too. Miscarriage of Justice (Singing two yellow scattering board) call Dou worry suomei sudden, I hear, the thought of it really miserable old woman. There she saw an angry words hard to say, I have forbidden my mother calling for which pile? ... ... I cut my mother weeping and cry, I cry ban Jiaojiao aunt, like Dou was wrong this is not white, there is money to do home spend, how can there be money left to offer? hope you find my mother, you, can you kind. (Singing two yellow Adagio) did not think to speak past the hearts of transfer sheets, cut-off Syria aunt you, let me list my best friend. Zhang real hateful ignorant ass children lose conscience, Yang Du vital to buy a life her mother died. Victimizers the harm has been in vain delusion, his heartbroken mother to eat when Yang Du basket. Battle evil man out of the dog made no alkali-like, and he twisted my old lady to court. Shuttle does not bar admission of real uncomfortable heartless, ruthless mix stick, bear guilt for the incident for the mother. (Singing two yellow guide) I'm almost drowning in a rice Yede, (then sing the scattering board) I thank God for the gift of re-see his aging mother. (Singing fast three) words of the old lady you do not feel relieved, his wife lost their lives on the exact point I Yunyang Dayton: never be aimed Chenghuan Tang Feng Gan, and never be with her mother Aoyao decoction; heart real regret and parents think the children in care, Unless a big dream to meet. (Singing anti-Er Huang Adagio) gratuitous punishment was constitutional by this tribulation, it seems God does not identified Yu Yin; good, why did you curse befell? Why the evil of anti-growth life? Law court in tears one by one, all Road said I Dou die poor! service open eyes wide open and old meet strict pro-rare, heavy time, incomplete corpse large cannons. (Singing two yellow scattering board) and heard voices shouting outside the law, have wronged the poor road that I Dou! Although it is nowhere to defend big world, I also complained to bend some Cang: ... ... This case is not seeing too dark unknown It has caused my negative bent wrongfully bribetaker; if my soul after death should not be significant, how I appear at this time the resentment [I do not want half of the Red Star of red blood splashing all the blood shed between Bailian; look all around the flagpole everyone to see, even in the snow over your order before June; it should call the Drought Chuzhou, I discovered that I been given the odd wrong season! Guan Hanqing "a sense of heaven and earth Dou E," the third off election [Palace • Straighten out is] gratuitous offense Fa, do not watch out punishment was constitutional, Qu vividly shaking sounds! Instant souls first go to Senluo Temple, How can we help the world gives birth to complain. [Gun Xiuqiu] Chaomu sun and the moon hanging there, ghosts right crossover between life and death. Heaven and earth together only to distinguish the voicing can paste suddenly the Pirates of the plantar Zensheng Yan Yuan. More for the good life short by poverty, wealth and enjoy life committing evil extension. Fear of heaven and earth has also done a soft-hard bully, but also so little cost to push the original ship. To have, whatever the outcome, regardless of what your land? Days are, you are wrong to do survey Xian Yu vain days! Hey, just end up with two tears Lian Lian.
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Encyclopedia
Yuanqu Yuan Yuan creative art, including Song and Dance. It is the history of Chinese literature occupies an important position. Opera in the formation of a complete form in Yuan Dynasty, there is drama (Northern Song) and the southern drama (Southern Drama) two systems. ① drama. Jin and Yuan, in gold and Zhugongdiao the hospital on the basis of evolving. Opera to sing the main tune lyrics by the same house divertimento form, end of the sentence into the rhyme, and a Branch (action) white (read white) to match the story presentation. One is usually divided into the already discounted list (four acts), or two off before play can be added between the "wedge." A play by an actor (is the end or positive 旦) singing in the end, the other actors with the Division for white only. The new system, Drama, Gong easier to perform than drama plots, given the ideological content. The Early Opera today Shanxi, Hebei region (see color pictures Dynasty figurines). Yuan Dynasty playwright has Guan Hanqing, White Park, Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu, No. Four. Guan Hanqing known as "editing the first division," "the first drama class," the most contributions to the development of drama, a great influence on the time and later. His life more than sixty writers, the existing more than ten species. One such as "Dou E", "pole will", "worship the Moon," and is a high ideological and artistic masterpieces. Playwright compiled by Wang Shih-fu, "The West Chamber" Dynasty, a total of five, twenty-first off, is a rare long-play, later widely circulated, great impact. Actors in the drama actress Zhu □ show the most famous, and a long drive head, Hua Dan, soft mud at the end, the number of "today only solution." Late Yuan, Zhong Si into Writing "Book of Ghosts", catalog deeds and works of the Yuan Dynasty playwright items, received a total of two hundred and fifty writers, plays four hundred species. Other names found in records of the drama, there are two hundred species. Yuan Ming Zang Jinshu compile more than one hundred kinds, entitled "Yuan election." Neighbor and his studies and received from the various home Album hundreds of kinds of series, entitled "Yuan election woven." Drama existing complete script, a little preparation here. ② South play. Wenzhou area formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as the "Wenzhou Dynasty" or "show the text." South opera buffoonery by the lyrics and composed of much more expensive than private Vulgar Ballad lyrics Lane music, not limited to Gong, the Open-fold (a) the number of opera singing is also a limited one. Than the North Song Dynasty form of freedom, but the subject matter far less rich and the North Song Dynasty ideological content. After the destruction of the Sung Yuan, Guan Hanqing other northern drama shows, such as writers and actors □ Zhu, coming Yangtze River, Hangzhou, a drama of the resort. Southern Opera North Opera themes and lessons to develop. Southern Opera has known, "Jing Hairpin," "White Rabbit", "kill a dog in mind", "worship the Moon," and so on. Yuan Dynasty, Ming as "Pipa", adapted from Peter Cai jie, Zhao Wu Niang stories, promote the "Complete Loyalty full of filial piety," Science is full of preaching. Tunes recorded are found in one hundred sixty-eight kinds, the existing remnant of the twelve kinds. Yang Qian Nan neighbor with "Song recollect Operas", "Yongle Dadian Note Operas three kinds of schools" can be somewhat sketch. Yuan opera, still primarily the North Song Dynasty, has prevailed in the north and south. Southern Opera and just as popular local operas. The early Ming Dynasty, the Southern drama gradually decline. Jiajing later evolved into the "Legend" yet to develop. Guan Hanqing's "sense of heaven and earth Dou E," Chong Journal of Opera choose "sprinkle Jiang _Set_" Illustration Jiaozuo, Henan Yuan Dynasty tomb figurines (Cai Meibiao)
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English Expression
n.: verse popular in Yuan Dynasty, a form of dramatic literature originated in the Yuan or Mongol dynasty
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