Petra was founded in the 6th century BC, because all the buildings are on the cut in the rose-colored rock known as the Rose City. Here was the capital of the Kingdom of Thailand Naba, as easily defensible, abundant water resources and trade routes in the east and west and very strong. City has been Rome, Byzantium, the Islamic empire, it also left a variety of styles of architectural monuments. Around the year 1000, the occupation of Petra and the Crusades as a defensive fortress. Abandoned the ancient city of the 12th century. Until the early 19th century was only found in a Swiss explorer. Petra desert deep in the Jordan valley, the road leading to the ancient city full of sand gravel, we, like the Arabs, like the long scarf wrapped around his head, sometimes around a Bedouin riding a flash However, a search party for our trip to add a lot of atmosphere. Petra's charm is that it is not so much steep, deep canyons, magnificent classical architecture, the spectacular peaks and strange rocks magnificent display of rock color, as that is its legendary history, more people marvel. Extremely busy as ever but disappeared, silence was as long as 1,000 years, until 1812 the Swiss explorer David Hart found it so far. Many visitors to stroll leisurely tour zai being in Wonderland, never would have thought, 1812 years ago, no outsiders will be attracted to the impending massacre close to Petra. After the 12th century AD, Petra began to move out of the people's vision, be forgotten. Due to the war, in addition to the Arab nomads in the desert Bedouins, the few outsiders to get involved here, any of its proximity to the West will lead to great danger. In 1806, a German scholar had tried to "sneak into curiosity" Petra and were killed. In 1812, a young Swiss explorer named John Baker, Hart, disguise himself a Muslim, forbidden to enter the Arab world. Because of his fluent Arabic and rich knowledge of Islam, along the way be mistaken for a scholar of Islam without arousing suspicion. He hired a local guide to lead him to the tomb of Aaron, all according to plan: through the narrow, steep canyons Sigg, amazing scene in his eyes, he's intentions, just great treasure house of Pharaoh and the patrol saw Erne tomb, immediately conclude that he is rumored the foot of the city of Petra, stunning even to his excited discovery, but he dared not stay for long, only spent one day left Petra. He was the first confirmed legendary Petra Westerners still there. In the last couple of km narrow gorge in the dark, round the last bend, the sight of the most spectacular ancient city of Petra --- Kazini Temple to break into the eyes. Kazini Temple is "the last crusader" in the local cache of the Holy Grail of Jesus, beautifully carved pillars and vaults amazing ancient luxury. King said this was a park where the coffin, did a lot of gold and silver jewelry collection. Of course, only good things to treasure in this movie make me feel good. Today, the temple was empty, only the door wearing the traditional uniform of the security of Arab tourists smiling pendulum "poses with the torch." From the beginning Kazini go inside the temple, they really like into the movie, dressed colorful camel, a white Arabian horse and dressed in traditional Arab clothing vendors formed an unreal scene. Group of those tombs, temples, altars, Roman post road, theaters, churches, military barracks, etc., because of wind and frost in 2000 and mysterious and inscrutable, so that visitors here every head in the clouds.
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Name Origin
Canyon City is famous for the color of the rock. Petra because of its color and is often called the "rose red city." This is from the 19th century English poet, Bergen J · W · a poem in the sentence: "A rose red city, its history, half of the history of mankind." (But a few years later, when Bergen to the places to visit, he had to admit had made inaccurate description This time, Petra was not rosy, it can not even known as a city, but more like a monument like a cemetery - the house here may be the mud system, and now no longer exists. In fact, not only red rocks here, as well as light blue, orange, yellow, purple and green.) Petra comes from the Greek word "rock" (petrus .) Is likely to "Old Testament" said the "Sierra" (meaning also the rock), that Moses out of Egypt "point stone water" where is Petra. However, some scholars believe that "Old Testament" in the Sierra only refers to the stone, not a city name.
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History
Its history dates back to prehistoric times it was the ancient Nabataean (also translated as "Na Bate") for the E Duomu to establish the Kingdom of the capital. 6th century BC, nomadic Arab tribes Nabataeans controlled the Jordanian Arab Dry Creek (meaning within a certain time of year gully flooding) to the east, north from the Arabian Peninsula Nabataeans into the region (Today, South Jordan, Syria). About 312 BC, the Nabataeans (ancient Arabian tribe) in this _set_tlement. They built homes in many places in the capital of Petra in particular stand out: it is between Aqaba and the Dead Sea a long canyon area. Since the control of the important trade route, Nabataeans became strong and rich. Petra is their legacy. These tombstone group was considered to be housing, is now recognized that this is more grave, they dug in the hard to reach 914 meters above sea level in rocks. Delicate and elegant designs, some tombstones group; some Nabataean characteristics of the "ladder" pressure gable roof decoration, reflects the architectural style of Egypt and Assyria. Focus on the construction front, there is no decoration inside the giant room. Petra, Nabataeans wise choice for the following reasons: First, it easily defensible, the only entrance is a narrow gorge, the enemy can not mobilize the army siege, can be said that man guards the pass, Wan Fu Mo open; second, abundant resources, the city's high plain surrounded by lush forests, timber rich, fertile pastures, which will help nomadic; Third, plenty of water fountains throughout the year to provide an reliable source of water. Petra in AD 106, after the Romans took over Petra, Petra became part of the Roman Empire. And the eastern provincial capital was once the leader of Rome, has a plaza, public bathrooms, theater and other cultural common of all ancient Roman buildings. Under the rule of the Romans, Petra was once prosperous and engineers paved Road to Rome, improved irrigation facilities. But Petra's trade - the economic mainstay of the city has begun to change: more and more rely on maritime transport of cargo carriage by sea, the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, a city called away some of its business; land Transportation also began to change, the Romans built a road north of it, connecting Damascus with the Syrian Mesopotamia (today's Iraq), made off with more transport trade. To the 3rd century AD, Petra's economic strength and wealth greatly reduced. After the 3rd century AD, with the change in trade routes, greatly weakened the importance of Petra. Eventually it was abandoned. Then the long years, in addition to the Arab nomads in the desert by Bedouins, the few tourists visit here. Petra is only known to the local tribal population. 4th century AD, Petra became the Byzantine (or Eastern Roman Empire) part. During this period, it became a Christian city, the Byzantine (or Eastern Orthodox) Archbishop's residence. The 7th century, Islam in the Arab region to stage a comeback and quickly spread to West Asia and North Africa areas. The increasingly powerful Islamic empire, from Spain to ultimately control the vast areas of Afghanistan, the Arab Islamic Empire of Petra area became a small province.
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Location
Petra's very mysterious and very special location, the only entrance is a narrow gorge. This valley about 7 meters at its widest point, the narrowest point only to a carriage by a total length of 1.5 km or so. Into the canyon, corridor loop twists and turns, steep and deep, to the road covered with pebbles. Rock cliff in the long-term effect of wind and rain to become smooth, like sliced ax. Along the cliff looking at the sky, sky line, spectacular and beautiful, "Sky" in the name of the resulting. 1812 AD, Petra was a Swiss explorer named John Burkhart to re-discovery. This person can speak fluent Arabic, dressed as a Muslim. He persuaded a local guide, expressed the hope presented in a tomb of a goat (because he heard the legend of this tomb to be buried near a city.) Burkhart who along with the wizard it is now the only way Sikh tourists to Petra - a narrow deep cracks in the rock road. When they are along the narrow, hidden Sikh forward, suddenly saw a positive treasure trove of sunlight, no doubt, this experience at any time, give a feeling of surprise.
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City building
Petra, the city halls of the majestic tall arrangement of the rock cliff at around door canopies and white, temples overlapping, very spectacular. One side of the valley started in the treasury, showing numerous tombs excavated in the rock. The Tomb of the pink sandstone composition, but also mixed with many other colors. Some of the carved monument exposed to the wind, erosion to be identified. There is sufficient archaeological evidence shows that neither the earlier Petra is not rosy pink like salmon, and stucco, and the situation we see today is completely different. Kazini Palace (Khazneh) "Treasure" Kazini built in the era of the early years, the architectural features typical architectural style of the late Greek. The design of this building so much Nabataean-style, as it is the classic. This is a huge built in the rock building - the front 27 meters wide (the other information: 30 meters), 40 meters high, the entrance up to 8 meters, which makes people of any standing seem very small. Kazini called "treasure" because it is the ancient legend of Petra, where the wealth of the King Collection. The doors of the house divided into two levels, the lower has two Roman columns, 10 meters high, door canopies and the beams are carved with an intricate design. Doors of the house on about three stone shrine, respectively, carved angels and the Virgin and the stone soldiers with wings. Palace in the main hall and Cedian, also left the original frescoes on the stone walls. Into which the latter has a huge room, stone steps at the end is a niche, which may be placed over a statue of God. Is designed to accommodate open space in front of a huge crowd come to worship. Petra is considered the front at the top of the urn was used to store a certain Pharaoh treasure the past, many travelers have tried to get a gun hit only one of the treasure urn. Petra starting from the middle of the mountain by a half hours to reach Carbondale. Dyer is an important place for religious celebrations. Highland also leading to a steep mountain ridge Attaf. High ground in a two man-made obelisks, some of the mountainside and then further on another piece of land razed, about 61 meters long and 18 meters wide. Heights be understood as a place for holding sacrificial rituals. The high altar where offerings are placed, dedicated to two gods Nabataeans: Dushalisi and Eerwuzha. Drainage channels where the altar there. May be used to discharge the blood, there are indications that Gunabatai people have employment for worship. West Valley (Siq) Tourism here is that one scholar described Petra: After Kazini, West (tin) g Gap Huo Ran open, about 1 mile wide stretch of the Grand Canyon. This is a hidden canyon in this city: surrounded by cliffs, form a natural wall; two fracture walls, forming a narrow valley in the Valley and out of the natural channel. Around the hillside carving more buildings. Some simple, less than a large square chamber, almost only count the cave; other large and fine - Taiwan ladder, statues, grand entry, multi-column front porch, all of which are carved in the red and pink construction rock in the. These buildings are already disappearing Nabataean national cemeteries and temples.
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Modern development
In the 20th century, Petra became tourist destination, but also become an important and serious archaeologists one of the topics. Contemporary archaeological team investigated the first stone graves and temples of Petra, the researchers determined Petra building into Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Greece and the Roman architectural style, presents a multi-national culture Center city. Cultural Heritage in 1985, according to the _select_ion criteria Petra C (I) (III) (IV), as Jordan was included in the "World Heritage List," the first cultural heritage. Petra only be read as a few pages of the book, no matter where you go Petra, you are faced with this or that some of the mystery. There are many unanswered questions, and mysterious atmosphere make this already special place more attractive. May archaeologists and scholars in the study of history reveals to us more information about Petra from prehistoric times to the Islamic history. ACOR president in 1994, said, "Petra city had almost not been touched, we expect there will be many amazing discoveries waiting for us, this is a first-class archaeological site, a Middle East largest archaeological treasures." In addition, the film producer Steven Spielberg and 乔治路卡斯 cooperation, the film was shot on the ground, "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" (also known as "Crusade"), and archaeologists to Petra different art forms that go down in history!
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Changing times
Petra's location is extremely mysterious. It was hidden in the Dead Sea and Akbar Bay (today's Jordan country) in the gorge between. Petra is not entirely a lost city, historians also remember it is there. 2,3 century AD - the heyday of the Roman Empire - Rome, Petra was once the leader in the eastern provincial capital, but later it was the long-term decline. Petra is the only way leading to a call from the Sigg gorge, about 200 feet deep. This deep natural channel meandering, bank direct mountainside stone fortress. This is additional insurance. Halang (the Bible as hormones) in the fortress. West Gorge dark, echo sway, but a horrible turn this gorge, it is another round of the landscape, the world's most stunning on the show in front of the building: 130 feet high, wide and 100 feet tall pillars, decorated with a large-than-life statue of the entire building completely formed by the solid rock carving. The building 名叫卡兹尼, its most striking feature is its color, the whole building cliff carving in the sand, the sun shining, pink, red, orange, and vivid crimson distinct levels, _set_ off by yellow, white, purple tri-color stripes, sand stone walls, twinkling, Wonderful entirely. After Kazini, West Gap Huo Ran open, about 1 mile wide stretch of the Grand Canyon. This is a hidden canyon in this city: surrounded by cliffs, form a natural wall; two fracture walls, forming a narrow valley in the Valley and out of the natural channel. Around the mountain carving more buildings. Some simple, less than a large square chamber, almost only count the cave; other large and fine - Taiwan ladder, statues, grand entry, multi-column front porch, all of which are carved in the red and pink construction rock in the. These buildings are already disappearing Nabataean national cemeteries and temples.
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