Iran (Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively and came into international use from 1935, before which the country was known internationally as Persia. Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural context; however, Iran is the name used officially in political context. The name Iran is a cognate of Aryan, and means "Land of the Aryans".
The 18th largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km², Iran has a population of over 70 million. It is a country of special geostrategic significance due to its central location in Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea and condominium, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas.
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 7000 BC. The first Iranian dynasty formed during the Elamite kingdom in 2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified Iran into an empire in 625 BC. They were succeeded by three Iranian Empires, the Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanids, which governed Iran for more than 1000 years. Iranian post-Islamic dynasties and empires expanded the Persian language and culture throughout the Iranian plateau. Early Iranian dynasties which re-asserted Iranian independence included the Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids and Buyids. The blossoming of Persian literature, philosophy, medicine, astronomy, mathematics and art became major elements of Muslim civilization and started with the Saffarids and Samanids. Iran was once again reunified as an independent state in 1501 by the Safavid dynasty—who promoted Twelver Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. "Persia's Constitutional Revolution" established the nation's first parliament in 1906, within a constitutional monarchy. Iran officially became an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979, following the Iranian Revolution.
Iran is a founding member of the UN, NAM, OIC and OPEC. The political system of Iran, based on the 1979 Constitution, comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader. Shia Islam is the official religion and Persian is the official language.
West Asian countries. Pro Persian Gulf. Thereafter was known as Persia. Area of 164 8 million square kilometers. Population 6672 7 million (1995). Tehran. Mostly in the Iranian plateau, surrounded by high mountains. Eastern desert. Is a continental climate, dry summer heat, winter cold and wet. The world's major oil producer and exporter of. Is the economic lifeline of oil exports.
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伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
伊朗 旅游
Best time to travel Iran: Iran is continental mainland of the eastern and subtropical steppe and desert climate, dry, dry, cold and heat big changes. Mostly mountainous western Mediterranean climate. Caspian Sea is warm and humid, the average annual precipitation of 1,000 mm or more. The central plateau the average annual precipitation of 100 mm. Best in October to next April to go, the weather is cooler. 6 to 8 months, traders were more likely to vacation. Iran folk festivals: the characteristics of the religious state of Iran, Iran on Iranian territory requires that all women (except for pre-school children) must bring their scarves when they go out and wear long coats, or they might be punished. Men should not wear shorts outside. To Iran, should be held with the printed Persian, English and business card. Iranian businessman businessmen than the Middle East and elsewhere and pay attention to the formal manners, gracious hospitality, dealing with formal and conservative timely manner. Thousands of Iranians in its long history and culture, Jiaozuo, in conversation, can be more emphasis on exchanges between China and the long history of Persian merchants. Remind Iran: First, the provisions of the Immigration and Customs Information Iran believes in Islam, the customs entry ban some commodities, including: * Alcoholic beverages * Gambling * LSD * Defame the image of Islam and Iran, all countries, books and audio-visual products • Other items by special regulations Customs Also, Iran's implementation of monetary control in the entry, immigration offices at the airport are required to submit the bank to bring monetary returns Iran has many specialties: pistachio, saffron, Persian carpets and other handicrafts, but in the exit, the customs exit the items are restricted: * Each person can leave the maximum carrying weight of pistachios is 10 kg: the maximum weight of saffron 200 grams * Exit plane can only carry one person who is less than 6 square meters of carpet area (accompanying persons not entitled to this provision), but if the carpet has historical or cultural value, is carried out of ban * Ban travel destination is Syria or leave the UAE who carry pistachio, saffron and carpets * Exit who carry a maximum of $ 1,000 cash or 50 million riyals, more than the number issued by the bank will need to prove that banning Dinar (Iraq), Ruble (Russia) or Afghanistan yuan (Afghanistan) exit * Who can bring precious metals exit (no precious stone) weight limit exit 150 grams (gold) and 3000 grams (silver) * The following items are prohibited exit: antiques, art authentic, hand-written letter, flat prints, calligraphy, miniature crafts, antique coins, weapons, ammunition, military equipment, drugs Second, Visa: Iran visa commonly used include: * Entry visa: issued to for business, culture, or to Iraq's official short-term traders, experts and scholars may apply for single, double or multiple entry, business applications need to provide proof of * Tourist visa: issued to travel to Iraq to visit relatives or individuals or groups, the application must provide air tickets and hotel registration certificate in Iraq * Transit Visa: Issued to go to a third country by the Iraqi immigrants, the shorter time limit, the application must provide a confirmed air ticket to go to third countries and legal third-country visa * Student visa: issued to students studying in Iraq, the application must provide proof of authorized institutions * Work visa: issued to staff to Iraq, the applicant is required by the employer in Iraq, to submit relevant materials to the competent authorities • Airport visa (transit): min 72 hours and 48 hours of two, remain to be issued to tourists because of transfer, the application must provide airline tickets Iran's bid for the basic visa requirements are: applicant to provide two copies of the completed application form, three recent (Mrs. required headscarves), passport (valid for at least six months), visa fee Third, the social order: Iran's social security situation is better, but I happened funded companies face robbery and theft thing. Chinese tourists traveling to Iran to visit should take good care of personal belongings, do not carry large amounts of cash Fourth, traffic conditions: Tehran City currently has more than 300 million motor vehicles, traffic is congested, traffic accidents are also common. Can take the bus to go out in Tehran, subway and taxi. Fifth, the embassy and local authorities with emergency contact information: With the Embassy Contact: * Tel :0098 -21-22291242, 22296172 * Fax :0098 -21-22290690 * Address: no.13, narenjestan7th, padasranave.tehran * Working Hours: Sunday to Thursday. Friday and Saturday off. Emergency contact with the local authorities: * Police: 110 * Emergency: 115 * Telephone: 118 * Moment of query: 119 * Fire: 125 * Night Emergency: 191 * Crash: 197 * Aircraft Flight Information: 199 Another: Iran earthquake-prone area home, should be prepared to guard against. Tehran for more than motor vehicles, air pollution is very serious, severe in the world are polluted. Area: 1,645,000 square kilometers. Located in southwest Asia, north of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Turkey and Iraq borders with the West, connecting the east and Pakistan and Afghanistan to the south near the Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Plateau country, usually in the 900-1500 meters above sea level. El Buzz northern mountains, Germany Mawan De peak elevation of 5670 meters, the highest peak in Iran. Western and southwestern Zagros Mountains, east of the basin is dry, the formation of many desert. The northern and southern Caspian Sea Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman for the flood plains along the coast. The main rivers are cards and Saifei De Moron River flow. Caspian Sea is the world's largest saltwater lake, south is Iran. Population: 63.9 million (April 2000 estimate). It is a multi-ethnic Muslim countries, Persia, Azerbaijan, Kurdish, Arab and Turkmen and other ethnic groups, of which 66% of the Persians, Azeris 25%, 5% of Kurds, Arabs and Turkmen as well and a few nation. The official language is Persian, Islam is the state religion, 98.8% of residents believe in Islam, of which 91% of Shiites, Sunni 7.8%. Brief History: Iran is a forty-five years of ancient civilization, known as Persia, has recorded the history and culture began in 2700 BC, known as China's Han rest. After 2000 BC, Indo-European origin of the Iranians. 6th century BC Achaemenid Persian empire had flourished. Towards the third generation of the reign of King Darius I (formerly 521 - before 485), empire east and the Amu Darya River in India, west to the Nile River, north to the Black Sea, Caspian Sea area, south the Persian Gulf. 330 BC Persian Empire was destroyed by Alexander of Macedonia. After the establishment of a rest, Sassanid dynasty. 7-18 century AD, Arabs, Turks, Mongolians have invaded. 18th century, the northeastern part of Iraq Turkmen tribes unified Iran Kai added, the establishment of the Kai plus dynasty. Reduced the early 19th century, Britain and Russia semi-colonial. 1921 Reza Khan overthrew Kai added dynasty, in 1925 established the Pahlavi dynasty. In 1941 Reza Khan expelled from Iran by the Allies, and his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi came to the throne. March 21, 1935, was renamed Iran. 1978 outbreak of a mass movement against the king, forcing the Shah on January 16, 1979 in exile. In the same year in February, ending 14 years of religious leaders, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in exile to return to Iran from Paris to take over power on April 1 announced the establishment of Islamic Republic of Iran. October 1981 became president Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, ordered Moussaoui as Prime Minister and Cabinet. Khomeini gradually establish a theocratic Islamic system. The persistence of Iran and Iraq border, sectarian and ethnic disputes. Deterioration of relations between the two countries into the 80's. September 1980 Iran-Iraq war. The multi-party international mediation in August 1988 announced its acceptance of a cease-fire. 3 June 1989 Ayatollah Khomeini died, the Expert Meeting elected the following day President Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as the new leader. July 28, Speaker Rafsanjani was elected president. June 11, 1993, Rafsanjani's re-election. May 23, 1997, Khatami was elected president, sworn in August 4, 2001 re-election. Official Name: Islamic Republic of Iran (theislamicrepublicofiran) Independence Day: April 1 (1979) (Islamic Republic Day) National Day: February 11 (1979) (the Islamic Revolution Victory Day) Flower: roses Flag: a rectangle, length and width ratio of about 7:4. Top-down by the green, white and red horizontal strip of three parallel components. White, middle bar, inlaid with red emblem of Iran. White and green, red junction, respectively, written in Arabic, "God is great", the upper and lower 11, a total of 22. This is a day to commemorate the victory of Islamic Revolution - AD 11 February 1979, the Islamic sun calendar for November 22. The green flag on behalf of agriculture, a symbol of life and hope; white symbol sacred and pure; red that Iran is rich in mineral resources. National Emblem: New Moon by four curved, a sword and a Koran composition. Crescent symbol of religion - Islam; the Koran at the top, a symbol of Islam above all else, is the basis of the Republic of conduct; sword symbol of firmness and strength, like a giant blade Ferris, 力斩 "evil Mount." Four curved crescent composed of Arabic and the Koran books, "Allah" (Allah); and the whole pattern is round, symbolizing the Earth, said, "Allah" Islamic ideology around the world. National political figures: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (ayatollahsayyedalikhamenei), 1989 年 6 月 leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini after the death of his successor; President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad - Ahmadinejad (mahmoudahmadinejad), 2005 年 6 was elected, took office in August. Stonehenge ancient city of Persepolis Iran Isfahan, Iran because of its ancient bridge, with Islamic style, versatile and famous. Here are all the bridges across the "North Korea Yindalude River ", which people in Isfahan plays an important role in life. The photo shows Iran's Isfahan Feierduoxi bridge. Hao-Zhuhai Bridge Isfahan Iran night. The bridge 132 meters long, was built in 1550, it also used for the dam. Ishibashi Here is the gathering of folk artists in Isfahan, it is also people and social place at night cool air Population: 63.9 million (April 2000 estimate). It is a multi-ethnic Muslim countries, Persia, Azerbaijan, Kurdish, Arab and Turkmen and other ethnic groups, of which 66% of the Persians, Azeris 25%, 5% of Kurds, Arabs and Turkmen as well and a few nation. The official language is Persian, Islam is the state religion, 98.8% of residents believe in Islam, of which 91% of Shiites, Sunni 7.8%. Capital: Tehran (tehran) lie in the mountains in northern Iran south of the El Buss, has a population of 11 million Administrative divisions: The country is divided into 27 provinces, 195 counties, 500 districts, 1,581 townships. 27 provinces: Tehran, Central, Gilan, Mazandaran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Fars, Kerman, Khorasan, Isfahan, Sistan - Baluchistan, Kurdistan, Hamadan, 恰哈马哈勒 - Bakhtiari, Lorestan, Ilam, Beauvais Ahmed - Kejiluye, Bushehr, Zanjan, Semnan, Yazd, Hormozgan, Ardabil, Qazvin, Qom. Politics: the first constitution of the Islamic revolution in December 1979 was promulgated to implement the provisions of Iranian theocracy, theocratic rule above all else. April 1989 partial revision of the constitution, highlighting the Islamic faith, institutional, religious rules, republican, and the supreme leader's absolute power can not be changed. Iraqi Islamic Council is the supreme legislative body, the implementation of a hospital system. Subject to the law passed by parliament before the Guardian Council approved the entry into force. Members directly elected by the voters for a term of four years. President of the Government to implement the cabinet system. President is head of state, is also head of government. First Vice President may authorize the Cabinet in charge of daily work, the right to appoint several vice presidents, to assist the competent specialized services. Economy: Oil and gas-rich. Oil is Iran's economic lifeline, at present Iran is the world's second largest crude oil exporter. Proven oil reserves of 930 billion barrels, accounting for 10% of the world's total reserves, among the world's fifth place. Proven natural gas reserves of 24 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 16% of the world's total reserves, after Russia, ranking second in the world. Oil is Iran's economic lifeline, at present, production capacity of up to 410 million barrels of oil revenues accounted for 90% of the total foreign exchange earnings, Iran became the second largest OPEC oil exporter. Forest is Iran's second largest after oil natural resources, area of 1,800 hectares. Iran, rich in aquaculture, the world-famous caviar. Iran fruit, dried fruit is very rich, pistachios, apples, grapes, dates, etc. are exported to overseas, including Iran's pistachio production in 2001 was 17 million tons, exports about 93,000 tons, earning $ 288,000,000 to become the world's largest pistachio exporter. 5,000 years of history, art of carpet weaving in Iran is known worldwide for its superb technology, beautiful design, color harmony with the dumping of numerous men of letters, leaving a large number of poems, myths, painting. Iran, Persian carpets have become world-renowned traditional staple export products. Other industries include textiles, food, building materials, carpets, paper, power, chemical, automobile, metallurgy, steel and machinery manufacturing. Backward agriculture, the degree of mechanization is low. Currency: Rial (rial). Military: armed forces by the military and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard formed. Leaders for the Armed Forces commander in chief. Supreme National Security Council is the highest military leadership and defense policy-making body, by the President, on behalf of the two leaders, head of the judiciary, the Speaker, the army commander, chief guard, national chair of the Program and Budget and Foreign Affairs, Interior, Defense and Intelligence ministers. Compulsory military service, service of two years. Iran Army Day parade, the Iranian nuclear issue Iran's Independence Monument Press and Publications: 900 publications of various kinds, mostly published in Tehran. Major newspapers are: "Le Monde", "Izvestia", "Islamic Republic News", "pious, el," "Mission News", "Peace News" and the English version of the "Tehran Times", "Iran News" and "World News" international version. Islamic Republic News Agency is the only official news agency, said before the 1979 revolution Pars News Agency. National Radio and Television was established in 1966, renamed in 1979 the Islamic Republic of Iran, audio-visual organization. Radio in Persian, Arabic, English, French, German and Chinese languages such as twenty-five kinds of external broadcasting. There are three _set_s broadcast television programs. Diplomacy: pursue an independent, non-aligned foreign policy. Declared that "not inclined to the East, not Western-oriented" and oppose the hegemonic superpower. Actively develop with the Islamic, Third World and the relationship between non-aligned countries, with emphasis on Western Europe, Japan and other countries exchanges and economic relations. In addition to the United States, Israel and South Africa, but is willing to benefit all countries on the basis of mutual respect and the development of relations. Adhere to export the Islamic ideology, Islam in its foreign policy, above all, are placed above the interests of all countries. Relations with China: According to the Chinese "historical" records, the era when the former Emperor II Jihan Wu, Fushi Zhang Qian sent his visit to rest (ie, Persian), rest, twenty thousand cavalry that greeted the king, etiquette is very grand. Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang rest of Prince Edward, Buddhist monk Han An Shigao have to visit and stay in China for many years. Northern and Southern Dynasties in China, Northern Wei dynasty, Bosi Pai envoys to China to ask the friendly employ up to ten times. With the friendly exchanges between the two sides, Chinese culture spread to the Western Regions, Western culture came China, China, Iran and other countries of the "Silk Road" is also full flow, economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries opened a new era. Chinese silk, porcelain and drilling wells, iron, paint, silk reeling and other processes the incoming stream of Iran and other West Asian countries, Iran's property, such as beans, alfalfa, grapes, walnuts, and pomegranate, also pouring into China. The Tang Dynasty, between the two countries had reached its peak. Later, the Persian by foreign aggression, the Persian king in person to visit the Tang Empire and requested assistance, Gaozong him the captaincy, Qianjiang send troops to escort him home, but returned to Chang'an minors died. His son Nilie Si unsuccessfully seeking strategies of recovery, in Tang Zhongzong King Dragon Chinese also died years back to Chang'an. At that time, Ni Liesi led thousands of Persians, some of which have become a general in the Tang Dynasty, diplomats, astronomers, physicians and academics. In the war of the Song Dynasty, the land of the "Silk Road" several times interrupted. At this time, the shipbuilding industry began to developed, compass needles have been used, many Iranians came to China by sea in Guangzhou, Yangzhou and Quanzhou and other places in business, home to some still there. This is later known as the sea, "Ceramic Road." According to records, notes issued in China in the Yuan Dynasty reached the Persian method, and later, the Persian bill also retains the pattern of Chinese characters. At that time, historians of both countries also, eds history books, "History _set_." Persian and other Western countries are also prevalent in the Chang'an music and dance. In the Ming Dynasty, Yongle Emperor and the Persian Shah Lu Wangzi exchange was 300 and 500 has a large delegation visits; Zheng He's seven maritime access to Asian and African countries, one of the three visits of the Persian Gulf suddenly Lu Mo Sri Lanka (now Hormuz). At that time, along with access fees letter Zheng had written notes from a poem describing the local customs and specialties. AD 1516, Iran Ali Akbar traveler's "Travel Notes in China," a book, and later became, the China-Iran friendly relations and an important witness the precious historical materials. According to research over the years, the spread between the two countries and transplant plants of dozens. Persian Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism had also popular in China. August 16, 1971, China and Iran established diplomatic relations.
Tehran