Illinois (Illinois - IL) is a state east of the north-central United States. Wisconsin north northeast near Lake Michigan, the eastern boundary of Indiana, Kentucky, Southeast neighborhood, west across the Mississippi and Missouri and Iowa River. Area of 146,000 square kilometers, 50 states listed in Section 24. Population of 12,831,970 (2006), 50 states listed in the first six. Capital of Springfield (Springfield).
Translated by Google
State Origin
State from 伊利尼维克 (Illiniwek) Indian tribe was in this residence. "Illinois" is the name of this tribal name according to French colonists come deformation.
Translated by Google
History
In the name of the Indian tribe of Illinois named Al Dagon piano was originally inhabited by ethnic Indians. In 1673, French explorer Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette first detection of the Mississippi River and the Illinois River. In 1763, the British obtained the right to rule the region east of the Mississippi. 1784 was placed under the United States. February 3, 1809, Illinois Territory was established. December 3, 1818, Illinois became the 21st state of the United States. Lincoln was elected in 1834 as a result of state legislators began his political career, the state is also known as "the land of Lincoln."
Translated by Google
Geography
Statewide Illinois location to potential flat, with an average elevation of 182 meters from north to south tilt. The higher the northwest, there are gentle hills. The whole territory of the highest point of elevation of 378 meters, to the northwest corner of Charles Hill. Northern and central black soil is very fertile, is one of the world's best farmland. Thick surface layer of glacial deposits, called moraine layer. Quaternary inside, the northern and central North America appears continental glaciers. When southward advance of glaciers, most of the statewide level ground erosion, like pan of pot. After the glaciers disappear, the entrained sediment within the ice piled stones on the ground, becoming the moraine, like a pot pie spread on the plane. Glacier avoid the northwest corner of the state and the southern tip of the state border of two hills, this area did not suffer damage continental glaciers. Marion near the southern hill region is continental ice into the bounding Kawaminami. Port riverbank south of the southern tip of the glacier in Cairo were not planing eclipse. In addition to the northwest corner and the southern tip of the big hills, covered with continental glaciers are suffering to tens of thousands of years. A temperate climate, cold and snowy winter, hot summer. The average temperature in winter, northern -6 ℃, southern 3 ℃; summer average temperatures were 21 and 25 ℃. The annual average precipitation of 800 to 1200 mm in northern, southern from 1200 to 1600 mm. Southern growing season is 210 days, only 160 days most north.
Translated by Google
Economy
Illinois major agricultural products, including corn, soybeans, hogs, cattle, dairy products and wheat. Industrial products include machinery, food processing, electrical equipment, chemical products, publishing and printing, transport equipment, oil refining and coal. The state is one of the nation's leading agricultural state. Statewide 80% of the land is agricultural land. Average per household farming 140 hectares (about 2,100 acres) of farmland. Soybean production ranks first in the country; corn production accounted sometimes first, sometimes in second place; pork and beef production always make the top. Illinois is not purely agricultural state, its industry is more developed. In 1999, the state's total output value of 446 billion U.S. dollars, ranked the nation's No. 4. Per capita annual income of $ 32,259. Industry is mainly concentrated in Chicago. The main minerals are coal, oil, lead, zinc, limestone and glass sand. Coal production ranks fourth in the country, ranking eighth oil. In recent years, the rapid development of nuclear power plants. Since the close of iron ore origin, convenient transportation, the steel industry has developed rapidly in recent years, has been replaced by the Chicago Steel are Pittsburgh become the country's largest iron and steel industry center. Machinery and industrial development. Agricultural machinery, construction machinery and state crown metal production ranks; motor output ranked third; auto industry is also very important, there are 550,000 workers engaged in the manufacture and assembly of motor vehicles. Food industry behind California. Printing and publishing industry second only to New York, ranking second in the country. Manufacturing, agriculture and export trade an important role in the U.S. economy. Manufacturing wide range, mainly steel, agricultural machinery, metal processing, electronics and petrochemical, oil refining, chemical and other, mainly in the city of Chicago and East St. Louis. Coal mining industry, oil prominent place, accounting for statewide mineral production value of 2/3, coal is mainly distributed in the central and southern states, oil distribution in the south. Other mineral resources, lead, zinc, limestone and glass sand. Farm land area of about statewide area of 4/5, is the corn belt, is one of the major U.S. corn and soybean producing states, soybean and corn production ranks first in the country. Upstate cheese production accounted for 40% of the country, second only to livestock in Iowa pork production, in second place, mainly in the central and northwestern. Beef and lamb also ranks first in the country, mainly in the south.
Translated by Google
Population
In 2000, the total population of 12,419,293 Illinois. The nation's third largest city - Chicago is located in the northern part of the state near Lake Michigan. Chicago is the nation an important industrial and transportation center. Statewide, more than half of the residents living in and around the city of Chicago. 2003 Census, Illinois has 12,653,544 people. Currently the proportion of race in Illinois can be divided into: 67.8% were white 15.1 percent of African Americans 12.3 percent are Latinos 3.4 percent are Asian Americans 0.2 percent are Native Indians 1.9% mixed race The top five Illinois residents ancestors: German (19.6%) African Americans (15.1 percent) Irish (12.2%) Mexicans (9.2%) Poles (7.5%) In addition, residents occupy 7.1 percent of under-five, 18 years of age is 26.1%. As for over 65 years is 12.1%. Illinois women slightly outnumber men, the percentage was 51%.
Translated by Google
Religion
Religion, unlike other Midwestern Illinois State (Protestants have tremendous proportions), and only half of the population is Protestant, Roman Catholic proportion is about one-third are located in the Chicago metropolitan area surroundings. The proportion of the entire population Faith 51% of Protestants (Protestant) 33% Roman Catholic Roman Catholic 1% other Christian denominations of Christians Other Christian 3% other religious believers Other Religions 8% of non-believers Non-Religious Three former Illinois Protestants are: Baptist (Baptist: 15%), Lutheran (Lutheran: 5%), Methodist Church (Methodist: 8%).
Translated by Google
Major cities
Chicago Chicago Evanston Evanston Elgin Elgin Oak Lawn Oak Lawn Joliet - Joliet Aurora Aurora Waugh its root Waukegan Rockford Rockford De Kalb DeKalb Rock Island Rock Island Galesburg Galesburg Peoria Peoria Snow Summerside Seoul Normal Urbana - Champaign-Urbana Champaign Danville Danville Trejo holds, Indiana Terre Haute, Indiana Springfield, the state capital Springfield Bloomington Bloomington Dikai held Decatur Alton Alton East St. Louis East St Louis Centralia Centralia Carbondale Carbondale Paducah, Kentucky Paducah, Kentucky
Translated by Google
Culture and Education
The state of education is very well developed, there are 6.4 per hundred in college. There are well-known institutions of higher learning the University of Chicago (1891), Northwestern University (1851), University of Illinois. There are many historic monuments, such as the Springfield Lincoln House and the Lincoln Memorial, the former residence of Decatur near Lincoln National Park. The state is also the 18th president Grant's hometown, his former residence was turned into Grant House Museum. The state and some Indian ruins, of which the most famous Cahokia Mounds group. It is located in the southwestern state. According to the survey, this is an amazing "quasi-urban residential areas" exist in the 10-15 century, up to more than 10,000 residents. In Cahokia, preserved mounds have 65, some of these wedge-shaped mounds, some as pyramids, temples or used as a soil mound. The largest is called "Monk Hill", 305 meters wide and 213 meters of Ministers at the end, up to 30 meters. Remains found at the top of the mound public buildings, floors paved with stones. Cahokia Mounds is a research group discovered the New World before Columbus, Mississippi area ideal monuments of civilization, 1982 was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Translated by Google
Major universities
Southern Illinois University, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) Northwestern University, Northwestern University University of Chicago, University of Chicago University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Chicago University of Illinois at Chicago Illinois Institute of Technology, Illinois Institute of Technology Loyola University, Loyola University Timor University DePaul University Art Institute of Chicago School of the Art Institute of Chicago Roosevelt University Rush University
Translated by Google
Traffic
Illinois is considered to be America's transportation center. Chicago is the world's largest railway hub, there are 30 railway lines and branch together here. Statewide there are 37,000 km of railway, ranking second in the country. 1848 cut Illinois - Michigan Canal after the communication of the St. Lawrence waterway waterways Mississippi and western Northeast, making water transport between the state and other states is more convenient. There are dozens of airports in the state, the largest is Chicago's O'Hare International Airport and Midway Amalfi Stewart Airport. By rail, road, air, water, pipeline constitutes a dense statewide transportation network. Chicago and East St. Louis are the two major transportation hub, where Chicago is the world's largest railway hub, there are over 30 railway lines will be _set_ here. Statewide, more than 100 public and private airports, Chicago O'Hare International Airport is one of Hal's busiest commercial airport. Illinois - Michigan Canal St. Lawrence River and the Mississippi River to communicate, so that water transport between the state and other states is more convenient. Important Airport Chicago O'Hare International Airport and O'Hare (ORD) ─ American Airlines and United Airlines hub, taking off and landing of aircraft movements in the world. Midway International Airport, Chicago Midway (MDW) ─ United Air Lines (American Trans Air, ATA) and Southwest Airlines hub. Important highway I-55 I-57 I-70 I-72 I-74 I-80 I-88 I-90 I-94 I-290 I-294 I-355
Translated by Google
Important professional sports
Football NFL Chicago Bears (Chicago Bears) Baseball Major League MLB Chicago Cubs (Chicago Cubs) Chicago White Sox (Chicago White Sox) Little League Minor Leagues The Peoria Chiefs (Peoria Chiefs, 1A level Midwest League, home teams: the Chicago Cubs) Kahn County Cougars (Kane County Cougars, 1A level Midwest League, the home team: Oakland Athletics) Basketball NBA Chicago Bulls (Chicago Bulls) NCAA University of Illinois University of Southern Illinois DePaul University Ice hockey NHL Chicago Blackhawks (Chicago Blackhawks)
Translated by Google
Little information
Alias "Inland Empire" (The Inland Empire) or the "Prairie State" (The Prairie State). The state flower is the violet (Native Violet). State bird is the cardinal (Cardinal). State tree is the white oak (White Oak). State motto is "State sovereignty, national unity" (State Sovereignty - National Union).
Translated by Google
Foreign Exchange
September 30, 1982 in the state with the Liaoning Province of China concluded a friendly relationship.
Translated by Google
Tourist Attractions
Art Institute of Chicago Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago) Chicago, Illinois, founded in 1891, due to a blend of art treasures from around the world and has a reputation, both as one of the world's oldest art galleries, as well as three contemporary American art One Pavilion. Museum collection of five thousand years, the aspect of art from five continents, especially the French impressionist masterpiece of world-renowned painter, Renoir, Picasso, Van Gogh and other great master priceless masterpiece, even entrenched on both sides of the bronze doors Lion statue has become a symbol of Zhicheng. Population at the main entrance of the museum facing South Michigan Avenue, galleries appearance of Victorian style. The whole museum was built in 1891. The museum is huge, of 10 pavilions, a total collection of more than 300,000 exhibits. Collection of American art in Europe and America and Eastern sculpture, paintings, prints, drawings, decorative arts, as well as photography and African art and pre-Columbian period. There is also a Fine Arts, Ryerson Library (Ryerson Library, artistic works) and Burnham Libraries (Burnham Library, architecture books). Goodman Theatre productions of Chicago Opera (1977) (Goodman Theatre, founded in 1925); from 1939 to 1978 by the museum management Goodman Theatre School, in 1979, became DePaul University in Chicago (De Paul) in a college. Brookfield Zoo Brookfield Zoo (Brookfield Zoo) The official name of the Chicago Zoo (Chicago Zoological Park). Built in 1934, with its massive open space known. Park site is located in the southern suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, West Brookfield, covering 83 hectares (204 acres). The park has Italian countryside buildings and neat avenue. This exhibit inland park zoo dolphins and their children especially welcome. 1937 to 1953 among the three giant panda exhibit also famous. Zoo keepers Dole sheep (Dall sheep) Canadian x0 (okapi) results highlight aspects, also received ungulates, kangaroos and baboons and other primates in Africa. Total of about 2,300 animals of over 500 kinds only. Field Museum of Natural History Field Museum of Natural History (The Field Museum of Natural History). It is a huge grand, dignified and elegant old buildings, and featured a collection of mummies from Egypt to China Tibetan costumes, prehistoric dinosaur skeleton to the Americas from the original construction and other priceless treasures, reproduced in chronological order of millions of people and nature history of the evolution of years of evolution, called the world's most complete, most ambitious scale biological museum; The Field Museum was first established in September 1893, the museum has collected so far has more than twenty million kinds of organisms and human specimens, organized each year a large number of exhibitions, research and educational programs, the museum of natural history library collection of 250,000 . Every night, the Field Museum exhibits within the more people feel a bit hazy mystery.
Translated by Google
Encyclopedia
Yilinuoyi Zhou Illinois Illinois State North-central United States. The west of the Mississippi River, south of the Ohio River, northeast near Lake Michigan. Area of 146,000 square kilometers. Population of 11,448,000 (1982), the urban population accounted for 83.3%. Capital of Springfield. In addition to the whole territory of northwestern Hill Gang and downs, the terrain is slightly higher, the lower part of the interior of the original, with gentle rolling moraine plains. Fertile soil. Humid temperate continental climate. From north to south in July the average temperature of 24 ~ 26 ℃, 1 monthly average temperature -4 ~ 1 ℃, annual precipitation is 810 ~ 1220 mm. In the 18th century, animal husbandry limited lowlands along the Mississippi River. The first half of the 19th century, immigration surged, central tracts of land to be reclaimed; Illinois - Michigan Canal and the railway have been constructed, to promote the state's economic development. Half of the 19th century, mechanization of agriculture and industrial development in the Chicago area has a high level. 1818 statehood. From the 20th century to become one of America's major agricultural, industrial states. Statewide farm land area of about 4/5, is a "corn belt." One of the nation's major corn and soybean producing state, and for keeping livestock meat (pork, beef) is known. 1981 soybean production ranks first in the country, the first few corn production and pigs in second place. Northern cheese industry thriving dairies and has specialized vegetable farms, providing milk and vegetables for Chicago and other cities. Manufacturing developed and complete, steel, agricultural machinery, metal processing, electronics, meat processing and other departments in the nation prominence. Followed by transportation equipment, oil refining, petrochemical, chemical, paper and printing. Manufacturing distribution is concentrated, statewide plant about 3/4 of the population and 2/3 are in the city of Chicago. Another center of East St. Louis. Coal mining in the main, southern and central parts of large coalfields, important for the country of origin. Dense rail, road, water, air and pipeline constitutes a well-developed transportation network. Chicago and East St. Louis are the two transport hub. Responsible for the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River waterway coal, oil, grain, iron ore and other bulk cargo transport, railway transport industrial-oriented places. Chicago's O'Hare International Airport is one of the most famous American airports. Illinois economy Honshu, the "land of Lincoln" reputation. 1854 Lincoln in the state Peoria published a famous speech against slavery, Springfield has a residence in Lincoln, more than the state named after Lincoln Park, monuments, roads, towns, etc. (Zhang Shaofei)
Johnson County