◆ "people" of the concept in different countries and countries with different historical periods, with different content. For example, in Roman times, it generally refers to the Republic of the "people, people" (aristocracy). Dictionary of political science in the West of "the people" (people) the term is interpreted as: the broad sense refers to the main form of national sovereignty and "national" (nation, Nation), "nation" (nation, Volk) and "national" (nation, state - nation) synonyms; narrow sense, means any country outside of the ruling class are the rulers - the people. In the broad sense "people" are emphasized, including the national ruling class, including the concept of national unity, bound by national borders; the narrow sense of "the people" is a joint emphasis on feelings of mutual ruled together to seek the liberation of the concept of oppression, transcend transnational universality. Natural for the followers of Marxism and greater use of left-wing forces, for example, "popular sovereignty", "people democracy", "people's dictatorship," "the masses", "people's committees", "People," "the People's Heroes" and other . Dictionary of Western political science to explain such as these, nature and modern scholars of Chinese national struggle and class struggle from the perspective of understanding "people" term explanation is different. Of course, in Germany, Japan and other such relatively homogeneous nation-state, because of left-wing ideology of Marxism and barren, either broadly or narrowly the "people", most of them as "national" interpretation. 【Reference Xianfan manuscripts Gan Wenjie Huang, Gan Wenhao order "of Western" national "origin of the term, evolution and the similarities and differences between (a)", Guangxi Social Science, 2008, 1 (Total 151)】 ◆ people is a political concept, people are no different from the political vocabulary of gender. People: the working people as the main basic social members. In different countries and countries with different historical periods, people have different content. In the socialist period, all in favor, support and participation in the socialist revolution and construction, and classes, strata and social groups, all belong to the people of the range. ◆ democracy or republic in the country, "people" meaning is very broad, almost all sectors, are "people" category. ◆ In ancient China, "people" and "people" is not a concept. "Person" means an individual person's biological and ideological, cultural, educational entity; and "the people" refers to the bottom of society. And "the people" was also similar to "public", "Shu", "Li" and so on. They all refer to the bottom of the mass people. In fact, the "people" is the intention of ordinary people, that is the past, we often say "the people" is never out of this class can not "people" defined the scope of extension of the concept. As for the "people" which is also able to contain a higher level than the people or class, it depends on the extent to which class or classes really represent the people's interests.
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People and citizens of distinction:
Citizens: in accordance with the Commercial Press, 07 edition of "Modern Chinese Dictionary" definition of citizenship is: a certain nationality, political rights according to the law and committed people. 1, the different categories: citizens and foreign legal concept that corresponds to people in different historical periods have different content. At this stage, is all socialist working people, patriots who support socialism and patriots who support the reunification of the motherland. 2, the coverage is different: the people of our citizens a wider range than some. 3, the consequences are different: the people citizens enjoy under the Constitution and laws of all civil rights and fulfill all obligations; citizens of the enemy can not enjoy full rights, we can not fulfill certain obligations. 4, referring to different concepts: the concept of the individual citizen, said the general, expressed by the people is a group concept. Citizens is to obtain the nationality of a country, and according to the law of the country to enjoy rights and assume obligations. Refers to the people of the working people as the main basic social members. In short, the people is a political concept, emphasizing the group; citizens is a legal concept, emphasizing the individual. Such as: all state power belongs to the people, the masses are the creators of history, all from the perspective of the group.
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Citizens and the difference between the people in our country:
Mainly in the following ways: First: the concept of citizenship is a legal, people are the political concept; Second: Civic range than the people, citizens, including all members of society, people do not include all members of society, exploitation of political rights according to law and hostile elements do not belong to the people.
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Our Constitution provides that:
Constitution: This law is all power belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the National People's Congress and Local People's Congress. People accordance with the law, by various ways and forms, management of national affairs, economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs. Article to the State agencies to implement the principle of democratic centralism. National People's Congress and Local People's Congress by the democratically elected, accountable to the people, by the people's supervision. 【Event】 story October 23, 1958, the Swedish Royal College of Liberal Arts, "in view of the contemporary lyric poetry and the literary tradition of the great Russian narrative major achievements made in the field", awarded the "Doctor Zhivago" in the year of the Nobel Pasternak Prize for literature, who could have guessed this as the Soviet government was attacking the socialist Soviet Union and slander. Pasternak they immediately expelled from the Writers Association; and threatened that if he wants to go abroad to accept the award would not have come back. To this end, the writer had to renounce to accept the award, and wrote to Khrushchev, begging him not to deport the "extreme measures." Two hours later, waves of Karpov on behalf of Culture Minister Nikita Khrushchev, to make a formal reply to Pasternak. He stood solemnly, to the tune of square announcer declared: Pasternak agreed to stay in the motherland. "But the people's anger, it is difficult to rely on our own strength to be stopped," waves of Karpov said. At this time, the writer of the offensive has reached the extreme, almost without hesitation he said: "People! People! It looks like you took out from his pants come." Here, "the people" is the word used freely. Who has the power, will come to represent "the people"; who is the center of power, who is the biggest "people"; and truly serious is that, like Ciyu this kind of thing, it is not an isolated unit, as a system of organic Bujian You change one, the other must change as well. Thus, we see that in the local spread of totalitarianism, was distorted and tampered with the word into the bulk, is the form of pellets adhesion. It almost involved in years past has been all about the proper use of the word moral and political aspects. Such as humanity, humanitarian, justice, truth, freedom, equality, democracy, liberation, education, transformation, the grassroots, exercise, praise, criticism, progress, backwardness, mainstream, overall, comprehensive, one-sided, dedication, sacrifice, organization, style , do the work, individualism, liberalism, feudalism ... ... as long as the classics in the past have a clear extension and intension of the word, without exception, have been tampered with. This intentional manipulation by the political violence caused by advocating a comprehensive injury of Chinese culture. Or are they added a new meaning, or is the meaning of removing the old good, and some even simply twist the meaning opposite to the direction of up. Of course, more with the "people", as their meaning becomes very vague sense in which use of the right to use it all depends on the needs of people at that time. Sometimes one word can either refer to the positive things, but also refers to the negative things, and they also continue to use just the reason why is because authoritarian leader and his propagandists can not be another made a word.
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V: related phrases
Great Hall of the Great Hall of the People; The people's wish people's wishes; Enemy of the People public enemy; common enemy of the people; Contradictions among the people contradictions within the ranks of the people; contradictions among the people; The people are the creators of history. The people are the makers of history People's Assembly, the Assembly of the people; Masses of the broad masses of the people; People's Congress, people's congress; People's congress system system of people's congress; The people's court people's court; People's Court, president of the people's court; Air defense people's air defense; civil air defense; Servants of the public people's public servants; People's Republic of people's republic; People's Procuratorate of people's procuratorate; People's Procuratorate chief procurator of the people's procuratorate; Teacher of the people people's teacher; People's Education people's education; People's Liberation Army the People's Liberation Army; People's Police the people's police; People's Army, the People's Army; The people's army people's army; The people's army thought thinking on people's army; Letters and letters from the masses; The people's democratic revolution, people's democratic revolution; People's Democratic national people's democratic state; The people's democratic dictatorship, people's democratic dictatorship;; The jury [the law] people's assessor; Uprising people's uprising; People servants of the servant of the people; The masses the masses; People's complaints system people's appeal system; People's Mediation Committee people's mediation committee; People's organizations, mass [people's] organizations; People's diplomacy people's diplomacy; People's Committee of people's committee; People armed people's armed forces; Ministry of People's Armed people's armed forces department; People affinity to the people; people's character; Monument to the People the Monument to the People's Heroes; People's Government of the People's Government; Sovereignty of the people of popular sovereignty; People Capitalism people's capitalism; People autonomous organization people's self-governing organization
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Encyclopedia
renmin People the people Political terms, with the "enemy" is relative. Means the majority of the population, follow the historical development and to push history forward classes, strata and social groups. Sometimes also refers to the basic social worker as the main members. "Peoples" has existed since ancient. In ancient China, the people generally refers to human beings, such as "pipe Seven Law": "People's biological vegetation birds"; also refers to the civilian population, and ordinary, common people, such as the "official record Zhou Tai Situ": "palm Tekram the habitat of the map, the number of public opinion of its people. " In ancient Greece, Rome, Plato, Aristotle, MT writings of Cicero, who also used the concept of the people, but it is the slave and freemen, not including the majority of the population slaves. Modern times, "the people" concept is widely used, but often with citizens, nationals, mix words, refers to all members of society. After the birth of Marxism, the people have the concept of a scientific and definite meaning. Historical materialism that the people is a historical and political context, the main body of material has always been engaged in the production of the broad working masses, but in different countries, different historical periods, the concept of people have different content. Such as China's Anti-Japanese War, all Japanese classes, strata and social groups belong to the people; the liberation war of all against imperialism, the landlords and bureaucrat-capitalist class, class or social group belong to the people; in the socialist period, a broader range of people, including not only workers, peasants and intellectuals, but also all patriots who support socialism and patriots who support the reunification of the motherland. (Zhou Yuan)