A) Overview
1. The origin of red grapefruit Fengdu Fengdu red grapefruit in the 19th century from the introduction of Pengshui County, mainly planted in the temple town of Pa ternary area, after 100 years of domestication cultivation, following the generation of reproduction, plant _select_ion excellent, has been be appropriate to Fengdu County Drainage River Valley ecological conditions of high-quality fruit groups.
2. Significance of red pomelo cultivation Fengdu
(1) nutritious, good quality red grapefruit average weight of 1185g, edible rate of 77.2% and 10.6% soluble solids, sugar per 100ml juice 7.92g, acid 0.84g, Vitamin c48.2mg . Solid-acid ratio of 13:1, sugar acid ratio of 9:1. Seed 60. Fruit shape beautiful, thin, pink flesh color, pleasing to the eye, flesh flap of the uniform neat and easy separation, moderate sweet and sour fruit, excellent quality, aromatic taste, very much consumers. The grapefruit 1992, 1993, 1994, was awarded three consecutive high-quality fruit in Sichuan Province, the Ministry of Agriculture in 1994 as the crystalline quality fruit in 1995, won the second session of the China Agricultural Expo Silver.
(2) Early Results, high and stable yield, high efficiency red grapefruit nutrition Fengdu short growing season, low production costs, benefit for a long time, high economic efficiency. Under the conditions of cultivation in the general fertilizer after planting 3 years, lines 20 to 30 fruit production. Income of up to 45,000 ~ 60,000 yuan / hm2; planting 5 results about 80 years old; 7 to 8 years old can enter the full fruit period, 150 strains of fruit production, the highest up to 450.
3. Red pomelo planting Fengdu status and market outlook in 1995 won the national silver medal Fengdu red grapefruit, the National Science and Technology Commission into the "Spark Program", is Fengdu County "during the" important economic backbone of the project. The product is sold in every, in the city, in short supply. In order to meet market demand, Fengdu County, started in 1995 from the regional scale development, development of "Ninth Five-Year" period the development of 03,300 hm2, focusing on the development River drainage basin. Highlight the construction of 50 demonstration villages, 500 model agency, model 10,000 households, 00,800 of which developed into a film hm2, courtyard development of 02 500 hm2. 1996 years of development red grapefruit 400hm2, planting 250,000, put into the tree 2 .1 million trees.
(B) red grapefruit and stock Fengdu
Fengdu red grapefruit in 1985 mostly seedling propagation and layering, grafting in the creation of brand-name. Acid grapefruit and trifoliate orange rootstock. Citrus grandis anvil early fruiting performance, is widely used in production.
(C) biological characteristics
Fengdu tall red grapefruit tree, the trunk was, strong growth vigor, branches thick, round-shaped crown.
1. Teak root of the hair root three times a year, that is 3 to 5 months, 7 to 8 months, 10 months, which in August as the peak of the hair root.
2. Branches, YE heart that could be made grapefruit 1 year spring shoots, summer shoot, fall tree. Single leaf evergreen leaves, leaves large, mostly oblong, longer life expectancy, nutrition branch leaves usually normal life span of 2 to 3 years, leaves the results of branch life is generally 17 to 24 months leaves a large number of the formation of 4 to 5 months, the focus usually leaves before the on_set_ of pumping in the spring shoots.
3. Racemes of flower as a result mother to the students 1 to 7 spikes, each flower spikes are 3 to 15 flowers, top and base of the flower spikes often stunted, the central medium-sized fruit than spikes reliable, full bloom off the bud before more can be accounted for more than 70% of flowers, red pomelo as high self-pollinated fruit _set_, so the performance of high and stable yield. Bud differentiation time from late October to next March until the middle of flower formation.
4. Fruit, red pomelo fruit seed Fengdu inverted oval and long column two. Fruit, fruit weight 1185g, fruit surface rough, yellow-green, thick skin, flesh flap 8 to 12, long kidney-shaped, juicy, slag, quality superior, the seed 10 to 90, and 10 in late maturity, storability .
(D) the establishment of Pomelo Park
1. Garden _Select_ _Select_ pollution gradient less than 20 ° slopes; ph of 6.0 to 7.0 of the purple paddy soil, soil with 40cm or more; and there is less than 500m water sources, about 1km away from the existing highway; Zone have some basis for food production; the cadres and masses to stay on the development of industry enthusiasm.
2. Garden Planning Principles under the "regional distribution, professional production of" requirements, planning.
(1) the scale of construction 40hm2 specialized villages, 3.3hm2 over into the film than the professional community and 0.067hm2 specialized households in the courtyard of commodity base to form a red grapefruit.
(2) soil improvement construction blasting units, increasing fertilizer, thicker soil, improving soil structure.
(3) establishment of water into the orchard to be able to discharge the water to irrigation, including the embankment filling stations, reservoirs, weirs blocking mountain, back groove, grit Taipa. Orchard garden built a small pool of each 0.067hm2 to ensure irrigation.
(4) trunk road, branch road, sidewalk rational distribution and form a network.
3. Construction planning in the Garden Terrace, the first repair roads and irrigation systems, and then to sub-district as a unit, with the bend on the potential, top-down construction of contour trenches ladder to tease.
4. Colonization
(1) acid grapefruit rootstock seedling planting density, spacing of 3.5m × 4.5m, or 4m × 5m, planting 495 ~ 600 / hm2; trifoliate rootstock seedlings 2m × 5m, plant 67, to be thinned after adult .
(2) colonization period and method
① when the New Year, summer, autumn can be planted three times, but best planted in autumn. Late in September each year to mid-planting exercise, high survival rate, favorable growth.
② Methods planting spacing measured points in the first half of Zaimiao ladder away from the dug along the wide and 1.5m deep at the planting hole of each 1m wide fertilizing Tuza Fei per 100kg, SSP, or compound 1 1. 5kg, cake 2.5kg, fertilizer, soil mix filled cavity, site surface soil, the backfill above the ground 20 ~ 30cm.
③ Zaimiao cut grapefruit seedlings qualified long roots and main root, and then planting hole into the center of the root to the four-Fang Zhanping, fill a small amount of fine soil, gently move up seedlings, the soil in close combination with the root, then compaction: fixed root pouring enough water, and then the appropriate fill, so that seedlings can root collar 10cm above the ground. In case of spring planting and early autumn when planting large transpiration with thinning, sparse leaves of measures to facilitate survival.
(E) water management, soil and fertilizer
1. Soil management soil directly influences the growth of red grapefruit and bear fruit, so deep plowing of soil aging, cultivator, earth, orchards covered, reasonable intercropping and other management is essential.
Deep plowing: germination of spring shoots in the spring month before and 10, dug out along the canopy drip line lm deep with the application of organic manure.
Cultivator earth: in spring, summer, autumn for cultivation, weed and maintain the loose soil to improve fertility of the soil retain water. Heavy rain erosion of earth or soil must be turned poor dug earth, but not too deep, to expose the root collar is appropriate. Earth species are pond scum, Tuza Fei, mellow soil and so on.
Coverage: there are two kinds of winter cover and summer coverage. Winter cover insulation, covering the summer moisture. Film and crop cover can be issued on stalks, Shan-ching, etc. is outside the coverage to 20cm at the Efficiency in Tobacco Fields, thickness 15 ~ 20cm.
Intercropping reasonable: between species in the orchard to Lima beans, peas, soybeans and other crops, moisture can also be fertility.
2. Application Management
(1) Fertilization of Young "to nitrogen-based, frequent meals, Qin Shi Shi thin" principle, be applied once a month.
(2) the result tree fertilizers fertilizing 4 times a year, spring fertilizer to nitrogen-based, growth-promoting spring shoots, beginning 3 to 4 years old the tree is put into a small bud fertilizer applied or not applied to prevent the excessive growth caused by teak Flower and fruit drop; in April fertilizer in late summer after flower, the foliage top dressing of urea plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate, improve fruit _set_; the end of June to early July of phosphorus, potassium-based fertilizers applied strong shoot to promote fruit, fertilizer accounts for 30% of the year, plant facilities 0.1kg urea, compost retting 15kg, ash 2kg, press the green 20kg; pick fruit fertilizer in 10 to 15 days before harvest application, the application of the year accounted for 60% of the organic fertilizer-based , amount of urea and phosphate fertilizer. A composting 25kg, cake 2 ~ 3kg, P 1kg, urea 0.2kg. 5 to 6 years old Red grapefruit trees in the amount of fertilizer based on an increase of 20% to 30%.
3. Frequent drought water management Fengdu County and 7 to 9 months of summer, late summer, so in March of irrigation with fertilizer applied once in spring, 7 September fruit expansion of irrigation, while soil moisture with covering measures to drought. In the spring and summer rain season cotton management to do the drainage, to prevent soil water induced by grapefruit tree in the foot rot.
(Vi) management of the tree
(Vii) protecting flowers and fruits
Red grapefruit spend more fruit, clusters of results, such as too many results, fruit small size, poor efficiency, the tree nutrient consumption and more in the coming year is easy to form a small result. Reasonable to increase flower and fruit thinning on fruit weight and quality, stable production with some success, but also an important measure to protect one of flowers and fruits.
1. The amount spent on flowers are more sparse and the climate normal year, usually in the early bud early April, the alma mater of each top and the base of flowering spikes erased, leaving only the central 1 to 2 strong spikes in bloom before thinning to the top and the base of each inflorescence buds, choose to remain robust in central bud, flower thinning at the same time erase part of the spring shoots, so that each branch to retain the base 3 to 4 spring shoots, can control the expansion of the crown, but also significant role in preserving fruit.
2. Protecting flowers and fruits and fruit trees on the need to spend the first half of the time spent before the fertilizer applied, 2 or 3 days before flowering spray a 30ul / l potassium dihydrogen phosphate ninety-two O +0.2% +0.3% urea, after flower 10 days of spraying 50ul / l "ninety-two O" +0.2% for potassium and fruits; of flourishing trees, ringing in the main branch on fruit retention.
3. As Red pomelo fruit thinning white flowers pollinated fruit _set_ was higher in the 5 to 6 months the results are more bird eggs, young fruit trees when the size of thinning, removal of pest fruit, deformed fruit, dense fruit clusters, each alma mater, leaving only 1 or 2 are shaped large fruit, fruit _set_ in early July and then compare Thinning dense fruit, try to make an ear of a fruit, will help improve fruit weight, to achieve high yield, stable, high quality, efficient purposes. |
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