Chinese goldfish is a popular ornamental fish loved the world. Some honest, some playful, varied shapes, bright colors. Have a spare, vigil before the tank number, feel less tired, but refreshed, for the purpose of self-cultivation, and enjoy the lotus, urban turbulence, which melt in the pool of clear water, beautiful day, it all in front the. East St. ╠ ╠ Chinese goldfish fish
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Goldfish are closely related with people's lives
Ling Xu modern painters known as the "goldfish painting expert" reputation. His decades of commitment to Ceratophyllum demersum, Ceratophyllum demersum and renowned at home and abroad to painting. In 1979, he spent 3 months of the time, creating a long twenty-four feet wide and one foot in the "hundred fish map" scroll. This is by far the largest piece of goldfish paintings, is his masterpiece. Radiating the image of a wide range of goldfish, such as stamps and calendars of all of these. China's major parks, or fish tank with goldfish gallery, exhibition displays a variety of goldfish, designed for visitors to enjoy pleasure.
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Goldfish are beautiful, a symbol of good luck
Goldfish are peaceful, happy, beautiful, rich symbol. In 1954, Premier Zhou Enlai presented goldfish to the Asian and African countries, the Chinese goldfish flight "mission" countries, to become messengers of peace, promotion of friendly exchanges between people of all countries. Ancient China to give to a better symbol of goldfish and sustenance. When our people in the New Year, are used to like to keep some of goldfish or a big draw in the New Year embrace of a big fat goldfish, intended to take "wealth very well, every year more than," "fish" "I" of the homonym, a symbol of of life year after year, more than auspicious; Another example is "full of goldfish pond" and "Feast" in the "fish", "pond" and "Jade", "Church" harmonics, are the words of happy wishes to express rich . Another implication by the ancient culture, "gold" known as the girl, "Yu" known as the boy, "Feast" is the "children of full house." Also like the red tiger header (birthday ball) that is to take longevity, good fortune means to express a good wish. Keeping the family in a number of goldfish in the aquarium, together with the different green plants and rockery stone, five-needle pine bonsai home side, placed a desk, accompanied by lights, glittering scales, water long, very beautiful, but also a symbol of life Songhe , it is refreshing, fun.
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The benefits of keeping goldfish
Goldfish are closely related with people's lives for the people's material life and spiritual life adds a lot of glory and fun. It is a vivid work of art, people pleasing delightful, fun forget tired. People in his spare time, all the flowers, raising fish, cultivate character, enjoying themselves. Because of this, China's annual production of a large number of goldfish, supply domestic and foreign markets to meet the needs of people, long time to flourish. Bird dogs and cats insects, their main motive has its cute, but the goldfish is more than the other pet has the following advantages: 1, Tao government sentiment, healthy Gold tail fins jiggle, Jinlin flash, extremely Yong Rong Huagui, gentle, ornamental value is very high, very enjoyable, long object to watch the "pet." Ming Zhang Deqian house keeping goldfish in "Cinnabar Fish Profile" for the fun of watching goldfish, made such a vivid description: "Shangjian cinnabar fish should get up early, Yanggu primary, Xia Jin did not loose, rippling in the springs between Pitt algae, if Wuling little flutter full of fallen human imminent; should moonlit night, the day of park soul _insert_ed wave reflection, and always surprise splash of a fish scale, and consciously present throughout the wake; should breeze to put on the brush Cong Cong into rhyme, fish out of hearing, caused by a very pleasant ; should rain, misty valley wave started falling into a pattern, and fly and jump, actually suck days slurry, funny Fuken to viewers. ... ... I washed free of his hobbies, independence, drain water but keep hi cinnabar fish. always the fun of watching his haunt , to knowing every place, forget the tired, Italy and Japan, Zhuang Hui Shih was the joy of non-fish do not know the fish turned out made chai. "goldfish to watch the scene described how meticulous. Now, if the desk _set_ in front of the window a glass tank, the number of goldfish tail, accompanied by green algae, grass and rockery different stone, and carefully planted Chen, no different from a living poem, a moving painting. While living in cramped quarters downtown, there are drifts between the mountains quiet feeling, "head to make Chifu, transport ourselves a thousand miles," is even better than the purely natural Guan Yu. It was the goldfish's body beauty beauty and literary rhetoric blend together, called dragon eye for the "mixed Martial Law", blue fish, "henbane", the red head as "a calyx red", colorful fish as a "brush Seduction" and so on greatly appreciate the goldfish actually improve the environment. 2, beautify the home, back to nature 3 hearts at ease, not easy to disease In general, birds, cats, dogs are livestock and poultry, has an unpleasant smell, most susceptible to diseases, in particular, they are sometimes susceptible to zoonotic diseases, such as raw lice, plague, infectious diseases and the like because of their living environment and mode of transmission of infectious diseases, source of infection with the human the same or similar, highly infectious to feeding their owners. Such as improper feeding or caring for ill, they are susceptible to diseases, diseases transmitted to people who once, it will bring a lot of trouble, the light to spend money on pain, weight is a plaything lives were lost. In addition, some dogs love to bite strangers, once the care of negligence, ran out of the bite, but also infected with rabies, therefore, prohibited by the state dog, dog without a license may also be fined. Some insects may spread some diseases, there are some people who plant flowers, may be suffering from pollen allergy. And these insects birds cats and dogs, most of all love to issue calls, especially when you up_set_ when they have no understanding of chaos to run around jumping, barking non-stop, and you will inflame, then you will find its good points no, hand, love to hate. Compared to them, and goldfish can be more clever, where you put him, where he was from the subdivision to the owner of luxury, but what has always been quietly swimming, always with their bright colors and funny return on owner who travel position, and allows you to rest assured that the feeding, the owner will never transmitted diseases. At present, not yet seen the fish spread to humans of the disease were reported. 4, natural wetting, energy saving Keep a goldfish aquarium family room, not only allows you to enjoy the water views, you can also play on the indoor environment to the natural humidifying effect, since eco-aquarium in the water continuously evaporates into the indoor air, the dry air humidity increased to prevent aging, prevent bronchial disease and cardiovascular diseases have a good effect. And compared to the humidifier, but also has humidity uniformity, energy saving, no dry sound, appearance and so many advantages, is worthy of a natural humidifier. 5, entertaining, intellectual development Wide variety of ornamental fish, thousands of the distribution of river waters in different countries, each fish has his scientific name, common name, origin, distribution and history, so the family farmed fish, there is an important feature is, integrating teaching at the entertainment in training young people to the love of nature, love life, develop powers of observation and the art of aesthetic aquarium landscaping and creativity, ability, learning and vivid biology, geography, history, knowledge has an important role. 6, good scientific experiment material Goldfish in the process of its evolution has a lot of variation, on the home of goldfish and species formation process, our country is extremely rich historical data. The goldfish, as material biological evolution, biological evolution than Darwin, the founder of pigeons as the materials used in China has great persuasive. Goldfish gentle, not afraid of people, suitable for keeping indoors in a small tank, easy to reproduce. Therefore, it is an excellent test for scientific research with fish. China from the 20's, Professor Chen Zhen study of heredity and variation of goldfish. Later, he had a lot of historical research, scientific summary of the goldfish from the wild red crucian carp, goldfish evolved into modern times the whole process of the formation of a variety of factors in goldfish, keeping goldfish won at home in China and Japan highly appreciated. Later, our embryologist Professor Zhu Xi, the fish breeding goldfish for the material and the outside world to explore the relationship between environmental conditions, such as fish fertilized the laws of biology. Some scholars also goldfish morphology, histology and experimental aspects of the laws of biology research, fish biology to China contributed to the development. China's first experimental embryologist Professor Zhou Tong and so on, since the 60s of this century, to the fish cell nuclear transfer experiments to explore the role of cell genetic. After they use the information carp and other aquatic animals RNA (mrna) injection into the golden eggs, the way to find fish cytoplasmic law, has made remarkable achievements. Their trial attracted great attention at home and abroad biologists. For a long time, the international determination of a variety of drug targets for the toxicity of fish are targeted to goldfish, the measured data with each other for reference. Later than goldfish, many freshwater fish have also been used as a test object. But so far, the goldfish is still a good test material. Goldfish and carp are the same, the type of parasite infection, should be the same, but external conditions change, different diets, parasites have the differences in flora. Therefore, instead of the fish for goldfish application life cycle of certain parasites is very appropriate. In addition, the goldfish gentle temperament, just a little training, you can make it swallowed some of the artificial feed and test the intermediate host. In case of Wu carp fluke, flukes, and crucian carp Gu PHILOMETRIDS and other life history studies are based on goldfish for the test materials with satisfactory results. Goldfish kept in indoor tanks, the changes in the external environment is very sensitive. According to preliminary reports: Zhongxiang County of Hubei Shuanghe 2.8 earthquake occurred before the commune, 30 kilometers away from the place of fisheries workers Nanbei goldfish reared at home and Xingguo red carp, impatience, anxiety, eating diets, mistakenly believe that the tank water hypoxia, even after changing the water back to normal, and rejuvenating all out of glass tank outside the red carp. The future possibility of using goldfish to predict earthquakes, it is worth further study. In addition, early sexual maturation of goldfish, 1 week old to breed, it can be used in genetic engineering, to explore fish breed in advance the principles and methods, and drug control, and many other fish, Experimental study of gender. 7, a gift to share, friendly contacts China is the hometown of goldfish. It is generally difficult to think of the contemporary so many, so magnificent and incomparable goldfish world, was actually a thousand years ago by our working people from the ordinary cultivation of wild carp made. Understand and research the history of goldfish, goldfish breeding research and improve technology, people will undoubtedly splendid ancient culture of the motherland proud, inspire people to love the motherland and the enthusiasm to join the socialist modernization drive. Goldfish as a gift of international friendship between each other's gifts, other things can not be compared. Historically, the Chinese goldfish on many occasions as the angel of the Chinese people, across the ocean of people around the world sent a friendship, enhancing our people and the friendly exchanges between people around the world. Thus, said the Chinese foreign goldfish as "East St. Fish" and reputation as a "goldfish princess", "Jinlin fairy." In addition, there is a fish breeding goldfish making friends, promoting all kinds of societies, associations formed and carried out various activities, competitions, in the promotion between countries, trade exchanges between the various groups and others have a very important role. -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---- △ origin of goldfish
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China is the hometown of goldfish
1. Goldfish is a variant of wild carp in ancient China created a fable: "goldfish water processions, see the carp, the rapid also, report of its kind, saying: 'before the marchers, and its officials are also your Lord? The body of literary grace, How Yao was also; the surface of dignity, dignity repeat itself. eyes glaring, if the anger, avoiding all of its Wuchai. 'Then volts at the side, lonely and afraid to move. Small head of wild carp tip of snout, from the side, from the gill cover to the snout, slightly triangular. Carp flat side of the body, chest, abdomen slightly swollen, with pectoral fins, pelvic fins of the two, dorsal, anal and caudal fins of each one. It is the central body on both sides, from the posterior margin of gill cover to the caudal end of the crack, each with a row of lateral line scales. In natural waters, the vast majority of the fish takes the shape of silver. But the body color often vary because of changes in living conditions, or light brown, or black was blue; also have brown or golden yellow, but rare. The reason why the fish will change in color is due to a variety of scales in the number of chloroplast movements occurred. Zhen Chen of China had done years of research biologists, he believes: natural waters carp are silver-gray, silver-gray scales cause is present in the chloroplasts in the black ash, red, yellow, blue pigment bodies and microstrip back to the light of several factors such as light quality formed. So for the occasional variation of the golden carp, because it is abnormal developmental processes, leaving dark gray body color red and yellow pigments disappear or change into the body, and red and yellow pigments caused by the body will increase. In other words, the fish body surface scales the number of various pigment change is caused by the fish body color change. This change due to environmental conditions change the body color of the instinct, common variation is the phenomenon of biological, it helps these creatures while avoiding disadvantages, preservation of species, is a manifestation of adaptation. Crucian carp from the wild into a variety of goldfish body size, body color change than the much simpler. The main reason of its size is artificially change the external conditions change. In short, the changing external conditions, not only caused a change in size of goldfish, a goldfish, but also directly affect the physiology and embryonic development, and produce a lot of parts of the variability and change. Goldfish's body color and shape so much variation on the fast, it is a mystery. Has aroused international attention and biologists to study it. They put a lot of energy, a systematic study of the goldfish. China's export to the world of goldfish, from Songzhi Ming and Qing dynasties specialized chapters written numerous books and goldfish, goldfish and scholars use in China after liberation as the experimental material, write a lot of valuable papers. Through biometrics research, experimental mating, cytological observation, genetics and experimental embryology research, combined with the history of professional and amateur journalists keeping goldfish technology experience, so that the variation has a goldfish today scale, already fixed more than 170 varieties of goldfish. Although these varieties have different color and size, but each has a certain kinship between them is the ancient common ancestor of the wild carp. Published in 1958, the "natural system", a book, Linnaean taxonomists that: carp type specimen of this section is goldfish, because it is the trigeminal caudal fin's. Ishihara and other Japanese biologists have used the goldfish and carp serum for precipitation experiments, proved that goldfish and carp are the same species. Biologist Chen Zhen of China, Li Pu, etc., in genetics, embryology, etc. have done a lot of goldfish depth and detailed research, and a large number of scientific historical research, which obtained the wild ancestors of goldfish carp conclusion . The reasons are: ① any kind of goldfish can be hybridized with wild carp, hybrid offspring have normal reproductive ability of future generations. In general, intraspecific hybridization is fertile, and interspecific hybridization affinity is not as easy to reproductive success, or even able to cross successfully, and often as not cell meiosis chromosome pairing, and can not reproduce future generations. Goldfish and carp can be hybrid, and can reproduce, which shows the genetic relationship between them is very close. ② gold fish (ie red carp) and crucian carp exactly the same shape, the difference is only in color with red and silver of the points, there is fear in the behavior of sub-human and afraid of people. Gold carp is a carp goldfish evolved into the most primitive intermediate type. It is there for people to provide direct evidence. ③ goldfish and carp form during embryonic development is not only identical, but at the same temperature conditions, the growth rate is the same. Shape differentiation in the juvenile stage occurred after hatching, and some characteristics of differentiation, such as longan, tiger, pompons, blisters, etc. is two or three months before hatching occurs. ④ using goldfish serum for serological precipitation reaction, the result is the same. ⑤ goldfish and carp on the comparative analysis of karyotype, the results indicate that goldfish and carp not only the same number of chromosomes, diploid (2n) was 100, and the shape is very similar to that in the same experimental conditions, it is difficult to identify the differences between them. The so-called diploid cells contain two _set_s of chromosomes refers to individuals, almost all cells of higher animals are diploid. Chromosome is the carrier of genetic material, which exists in the nucleus, the chromosome number of each species is constant, in order to maintain the relative stability of the species. ⑥ goldfish and carp in the various isozymes were found in their respective organizations is basically the same zymograms, which also shows close affinity between them. Thus, from the scientifically confirmed the same with goldfish and carp species, the goldfish is mutated from the wild carp, wild carp is the ancestor of goldfish. This is justifiable in the biosphere. Above, from the development side of the argument of the ancestors of goldfish carp. In addition, from the common goldfish in a "throwback" phenomenon can also prove that goldfish are carp evolved. In practice, we can find any pair of breeding purebred descendants of the juvenile goldfish, the goldfish will have more or less in the embryonic development of individual, failed to complete the evolution from carp to goldfish of the variance process, characteristic of some varieties to varying degrees on the unusual phenomenon of atavism date. Some of the fish such as the dragon eye eyes to the side of prominent individuals and the other side of the obvious is not obvious or prominent, and some outstanding individual eye though, but the fish grow and the same single leaf caudal and anal fins; species in the absence of dorsal fin goldfish egg , some individuals grow in the back of spiny dorsal fin and tumor-like remnants, and even grow incomplete dorsal fin; pearl fish scales, some individuals will not produce a pearl; even the same individual goldfish and wild carp. If individuals of various bizarre offspring of goldfish, according to the different levels of variation, from strong to weak in order of priority together with the links to compare the viewpoint of development, can clearly be seen, this is entirely a "throwback "phenomenon. 2. China is the hometown of goldfish, we already know, the evolution of goldfish is developed from the wild carp. The wild carp native to Asia, its distribution is limited to China, Japan, Vietnam and other countries. Now some rivers in Europe and the Americas, although a carp, but they are transplanted from Asia over the past. Golden carp on record, the earliest found in the Warring States period in China, "Shan Hai Jing" (BC 460 years, dating back 2500 years ago). "Shan Hai Jing" is a masterpiece of economic geography. Mentioned in the book "Suishui out Yan, southeast flow injection in the river, many of which Dan Su, and more salmon." Here, "Suishui" may be inferred river beach today, in this Anhui, Jiangsu provinces within the territory, to the southeast by the Lake, the lake into the Yangtze River Gaoyou; text that is golden carp fish. This shows dating back 2,500 years ago, our country has found a golden carp. However, general scholars believe that China's official gold carp breeding, should start in the Jin dynasty, the facts prove that the works are "Bao Pu", "Natural History" and, in particular the public fat (AD 460? 2008) the "Shu Yi Ji", records a: "Jin Huan Chong Yu Lushan, see the lake red fish scales, that is the fish." Yun: "Zhu Yi crucian carp, Sizhou Wing Tai out of the river, red crucian carp is also back." The ancient literature has fully proved that the fish farming was first started in the Jin dynasty Jin (AD 265? 19 years), dating back some 1,700 years, the literature, the so-called red fish scales, fish scales that is red, Zhu Yi silver carp and crucian carp with red back meaning that the red (or red back) of the carp, goldfish apparently was not called. Jin Qi in the south after a bit of people called the Hsiao sharp in his "Monks • Ji Chuan Tan interpretation", but also red and yellow carp Lushan West Temple had written: "... ... West Lin Yuanxiu Lushan red crucian carp pool , dragon. "ancient temple, also known as the hospital, the paper is Xilin Xilin Temple Court; ancient people called for the crucian carp crucian carp and red crucian carp is red (red) color crucian carp. The Emperor Wu Southern three years later, Chase's "jungle mind pick" in the red and yellow carp also recorded: "Zhu crucian carp, Lushan Temple West show in the pool, the world's rare ... ...." In other historical data, there are also red and yellow carp on record. According to historical data can be found, Lushan Xilin Temple was the first place to see the red and yellow carp. This dating back at least 1,500 years time. However, according to historical analysis, then the red and yellow carp is probably living under natural conditions, and the silver carp in the same wild, just as the body color of the reasons that attracted special attention. Although the pool can be seen in the show to the presence of red and yellow carp, it is difficult to conclude that silver carp is a variation of the pool came from, or deliberately artificial stocking, so can not definitively say it is artificially keeping goldfish conscious start. However, the effect achieved by the actual point of view, after years of breeding red and yellow carp, goldfish are finally will be. The ancestors of Chinese goldfish, may be the kind of Lushan Mountain West Temple pool red scales around the same period of wild carp and crucian carp red and yellow. Thus we have reason to say that the Chinese goldfish keeping, may be the first to arise from Lushan Mountain West Temple and other places. Jin dynasty began in 265 AD, and ends 420 years. Thus, according to the most conservative projections, the AD 420 years as the origin of goldfish So far, over 1,500 years. This can be from the ancient historical and scientific study of biology by using the result to be verified. Ming Li in the "Compendium of Materia Medica," in addition to the red and yellow carp were found in the earliest records, but also made the following reasoning: "Goldfish are carp carp Loach several turtle species, especially in difficult turtle Loach, autumn gold carp fire, the first ancient Han Sung known since the beginning ... ... there are those who build, this will keep people everywhere to play carry on. "goldfish shows the original four, only the gold carp has continued since the Song Dynasty was raised, the Ming dynasty, has spread to the country, everywhere people keep playing the. And that gold carp (goldfish) ancestor is found in Lushan Chong Jin Chaohuan red fish scales. Goldfish originated in China. First of goldfish passed east to spread to Japan, then gradually and around the world. Japanese books on goldfish, first appeared in the mid-17th century, the goldfish they discussed Japan's source, without exception, that the Japanese original no goldfish, goldfish in Japan 400 years ago, imported from China in 1502. The past century, many Japanese scholars demonstrated the goldfish brought to Japan from China's historical facts. Which discusses the most detailed system is a famous Japanese aquaculture specialist, a good modern Matsui, Professor University College of Agriculture. Matsui, a study of good goldfish decades, there are many monographs on the goldfish, who in his book "Big Kam Goldfish" (1972) described in detail in between 649-765 AD, the Messenger of frequent contacts between China and Japan, the Japanese sent to the Tang Dynasty witnessed see the case of keeping goldfish in China; pointed out that China goldfish in Japan Tokugawa era, that leaves the early 17th century brought to Japan before and after the fact in multiple; research the Japanese "Golden Fish" the word first appeared in 1607 published "Nagasaki Academia," a book and pointed out that from Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica," brought to Japan, the "goldfish" only in Japan, the term has been widely disseminated. According to Matsui's research, keeping goldfish in China's technology, together with the goldfish, and introduced into Japan beginning in the goldfish in Japan played an important aquaculture industry reference. In this regard, his "big Kam goldfish" in the specially published a " sand fish spectrum," the epitome of the book, and published the book into Japanese text. " sand fish spectrum" of the Ming Wanli Zhang Qian De Suzhou book (Wanli 24 years, AD 1596), is a form of goldfish and rearing methods described in the most detailed one of the most ancient science. After goldfish brought to Japan from China in the new environment and feeding and management conditions, to continue to mutate, through Japan's long-term efforts fish, breed and style of gold from China, Okinawa gold, to gold, Zhu Wenjin, Eastern Jin, Qiu Jin, Jin Edo, blue , the Netherlands and many other varieties of lion head, forming a unique Japanese goldfish, so that Japan and China together to become the world's two major national breeding goldfish. Chinese goldfish in 1654 also reached the Netherlands. When the Dutch occupied Taiwan, our country, they also put the goldfish back to the Dutch native. Chinese goldfish in the Netherlands continued efforts of biologists, and finally in 1728 achieved goldfish successfully farmed in Europe. After that, goldfish quickly throughout the whole of Europe. 1794 Chinese Goldfish boarded the British book. This is a mission by the British envoy 马卡尔蒂尼 China, Emperor Qianlong to accept gifts and put it back to Britain. On the "goldfish" in the British publication "The Concise Oxford Dictionary" explains: "Goldfish as a small red Chinese carp, used as offerings to play." Chinese goldfish again in 1870 after the Chinese businessman Tong to the United States side. Followed by large-scale introduction of goldfish from China, and formally enter the U.S. commodity market. Published in the U.S., "Fu Bosi large dictionary" the goldfish interpreted as "red, yellow or other colors of the fish, made in China, and raised in the pool or tank, as an ornament." Chinese goldfish and the region along with the exchanges with the Chinese and the Ming Dynasty and earn a living to the South Seas to Southeast Asia. Chen Qing who promised the "Nanyang Walk", it has recorded such a thing, he came to the South Pacific island of Ambon, met a Chinese who come to Southeast Asia to make a living, he claimed: "The wind Yang Chus, wins the DPRK ( the Ming Dynasty) kings, the country fled the ruined Asia Standard, has been passed VIII, then accent Bugan Wang also. "promised Chen has been invited to his house guest," but two square floor, the door of a temporary pool, water lian schools of fish roaming. indoor antique, wall hanging GU Jian, a few old books on the case volume, a Xuande Cigang by the window, three feet wide and two-cylinder high-Chi Yu, goldfish swim in the clear. came from a housewife also serve tea, the teapot, pot on the silver, clank shine, Chus said, has been talking about this pot carry three hundred years, the Department of family treasure handed down, Asia Standard and fish the same boat with the Cigang this point, the goldfish is also from generation to generation. as are fish tank share also. Zhu said: 'mid-spit son, Miles pick one, all varieties, all goods sold by the huge profits every year.' linger actually said, and tears, but do not. "From this view, the island of Ambon, surnamed Zhu later than the royal family was destroyed in 1648 when the sea towards the Southern Ming to make a living. Therefore, we can assert that the Chinese goldfish to arrive later in the 1648 South Pacific Islands. Over the investigation on historical data, the time goldfish came to South Pacific Islands, the Chen Xu is the earliest record. Chinese goldfish at different times also appeared in Asia and the Americas, other countries and regions, such as India and Mexico. Europe, America and Asian countries, most of goldfish keeping goldfish is a prototype, they do not breed new varieties more common in the comet the United States, India, and several varieties of red pearls. To sum up, at home and abroad is widely acknowledged that China is indeed a goldfish home.
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Goldfish goldfish appreciate the evolution and history
Goldfish carp into the process of evolution and development can be summarized as follows: wild - release - semi domesticated - Home of - artificial _select_ion, artificial hybridization process. 1. To release humanity from the wild for their own needs, after the capture of wild carp, "_set_ free", "release" is a wild golden carp human intervention began, its evolution and development as the wild carp goldfish played a decisive role. Western Han Dynasty, Buddhism into China. Buddhism forbids killing, so does the introduction of Buddhism from all over China, the Chinese began to release the arrested animal behavior, and to release those arrested for Buddhist activities in the animal known as the "release", which aims to plot Yam Kung, a good map reported. Rare and mysterious color of thick gold carp, at the beginning is the major "release" objects. Until the late 40s of this century, this superstitious practices still followed in many parts of the country. Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasty from 1400 years ago (AD 502 years), the world paternity Buddhist monk and purchase of birds, turtles released in the case, are largely being recorded in history books. Construction and release pond and released, was seen as Buddhas that life extension by piety and his blessing of the action. In the Northern Song Dynasty in Hangzhou, the Pagoda of Six Harmonies civilized under the mercy of the pool and Nanping jian Sihou teach Temple also has a pool of gold carp. Pagoda of Six Harmonies, Hangzhou, and the opening of the tower built in the Song Kai Bao Temple 3 years (AD 970), the aim is "pagoda in the town election VI and lakes", which is superstition. The tower must have Tayuan, Tayuan name to open Temple. River Pavilion at the temple there show, gold fish pond. Jiang Song of Primitive Hall of odd degree in the United States Su Pagoda of Six Harmonies Temple poetry 69 years after (AD 1102), also saw the Su Kim had seen the case of feeding carp do not eat, and write poetry: "The whole body if the gold and silver, deep, such as self-Jane. should know who smell bait, solid naturally often scales. " All this is from the "release" caused. "_Set_ free" to make payments carp from the wild to semi-domestication period. So, to say "let go" of goldfish play a decisive role in the formation. In the Northern Song era, gold crucian carp is not only caused the Masaoki poet poet, but also by the nobility, especially the royal recognition. Giants in the ancient palace and the mansion, the pool is essential, tower pavilions were mostly built in the pool, pond planted with lotus root, lotus opened up for viewing, but also put some fish in the pool as an ornamental object. Golden Temple pond carp appear, because of its beautiful color, natural nobility much favor, was released into the palace and the wealthy mansion of the pool, watch the animals as the ruling class. Palace in the collection of a variety of unusual flowers stone, rare birds and monsters, naturally became the emperor of all the occupants. 3. From the semi-domesticated home of If in the goldfish evolution of viewing history, the Northern Song Dynasty Gold carp also at the semi-domesticated state, then, to the Southern Song Dynasty, gold carp is entered into the house of the state, goldfish home of history will was the beginning. That period, nobles monks began as a pastime pleasure gold carp private object, competing for the fun of the search that cutting fed pool, part of the red and yellow in nature from the big carp are transported to a small pond in the rich farming, farming methods of the goldfish began to pay attention. Since then, gold will slowly begin carp is the process of artificially bred goldfish. To meet the needs of the community of fish, some people specialize in cutting from the pool, catching, feeding, _select_ion of the work, people also appeared to cleave a living goldfish breeding and sale of the industry, was known as "live fish" . "Fish live" in the keeping of goldfish in the process carefully, gradually acquired the natural waters from the fish, fish and insects (Cladocera and Copepoda zooplankton) feeding and breeding goldfish Goldfish technology methods, thus a large number of production and sales goldfish, goldfish living environment and to the conditions changed a lot. This is the seed of goldfish breeding technology. Goldfish also from semi-domesticated into the home of the period of time. Home of the period, the goldfish to live alone in the aquarium, avoiding the wild carp in the pond and released in the hybrid, are man-made protection and adequate food, and other aquatic animals no longer need to survive fierce competition, the new variant also occurred Over the longer period of semi-domesticated easy to keep, the variety of stable characteristics, together with those of carefully _select_ed fish, goldfish varieties then a golden yellow from a single, rose gold, silver, and spotted three colors. During this period, it is also a preliminary understanding of fish reproductive knowledge, such as "rat Pu" recorded: "The more self-throughput roe, often _set_ Ikegami Ping grass, wait until the release sub, changing the water back to life picked up the fish re-exposed dry . black and white before they can become red. "" live fish "goldfish can thrive here, the famous Southern History Home Yueke (grandson of Yue Fei, born in 1214) book" Cheng Shi "reads:" The raising of fish , can change the gold to carp at the best, followed by carp ", the book also described the color of golden carp change process:" As white as silver, time gradually yellow, long the gold carry on. " History of the evolution in the goldfish, the Southern Song Dynasty Emperor Zhao Gou made outstanding contributions to the emperor. Zhao Gou in the Northern Song Dynasty came to an end, the partial Andong Nan corner of the capital in Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Zhao Gou and the history of the rulers of all about to die, like, extremely licentious corruption. First feeding pigeons in his palace, and later played a golden carp raising. 1163, after he abdicated the overlord did, making the Imperial Garden in Hangzhou, dozens, and in "Deoksugung" exclusively to avoid the aquarium, wide collection of gold around the carp treated. Collectively referred to as the golden palace when gold and silver carp fish. Under his influence, when the number of scholar-officials are watching the construction of a similar pool, into a trend. According to historical data at the time, "Quintessence" record: "Hangzhou, keep playing all over the pavilion." According to Wu Zimu a "dream beam record," it reads: Zhejiang Hangzhou Qiantang door, gold carp have been "selling goods into the city", already officially entered the commodity market. According to Zhang Shinan book "Travel News" records: "Fuzhou stream water, red and black striped fish"; "in the wide-angle rear of victory for the gambling"; "Yongjia have heard of." The historical data clearly shows that at that time not only in Zhejiang, Fujian, also found gold in the evolution and breeding of carp examples. Zhao Gou really sparing no effort to play the fish reward, just a year before his death (1186), he also sent to about 200 miles away from Hangzhou Changhua County in the mountains to capture the gold and silver to enrich his gold fish pond. Since then, successive dynasties, the goldfish has become an indispensable curios palace furnishings. Of course, there should be a large number of working people such as monks in the palace bureaucracy rich aristocrats to hammer pool, catching, feeding, breeding, seed _select_ion, naturally, consciously artificial _select_ion, the variation appeared in the original species. However, Song is still a big wild golden carp, pond also need plenty of water, not easy to observe, in the storage pool in the courtyard Moreover, fish farming, the economy can not support any kind of ordinary people, still keeping the size of small, therefore, remains slow variation of gold carp. As the saying goes: scarcity. The same is true of goldfish, the more new varieties, the more attracted people's attention, and thus the community appeared heterogeneous on the requirements of novelty goldfish in order to meet the requirements of the people, fond of playing the fish and "live fish "Note also, intentionally or unintentionally screening of novel heterogeneous, but also a large number of new varieties of grain. However, due to constraints, then not many varieties of goldfish. Southern Song Dynasty keeping goldfish, unprecedented. Not from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, the goldfish in the wild at home, the process has been greatly improved, with several colors, but the goldfish is no change in body shape. Goldfish bowl, in later historical records are also sporadic. Such as the "second spectrum such as the Kwan Fong Ting" in there: "In the Yuan Yantiemuer excessive luxury, first played in the Crystal Pavilion. Pavilion crystal hollow walls, colored fish, which raise water, apple red and blue and white scissors and other mining take home the water. wall built of coral railings, _set_ with eight treasures stones, red and white trees, exquisite luster, there are no previous generation. "colored fish may be the goldfish, aquarium crystal may be hollow. But this can not be regarded as the common goldfish fish bowl method. The method is special and luxury, only enjoying the moment as a special character, such as Yantiemuer. Therefore, this period can be said that the embryonic stage of goldfish bowl. From the early Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, is keeping a relatively slack period of goldfish. There are still many people are still goldfish, which can be verified from a number of historical data. Goldfish breeding there are many reasons for the decline, the main reason is that the ruling class corruption destroyed the Southern Song, the favorite to play the culture of goldfish also will decline. Yuan and early Ming emerging ruling class are not interested in playing or interested in raising insects, fish, or the goldfish is not high as a symbol of the dragon, not the fun of the fetish as an object. Fewer people fish, fish farming methods no improvement, and strange not to be taken seriously goldfish, keeping goldfish also relatively slack up. To the late Ming Dynasty, the country's various conflicts relative ease, the relative stability of society. Some people have a ruling class in the interest of the fun of goldfish, the community, there has been on the strange goldfish needs. Therefore, keeping goldfish again prospered. And in this period, the goldfish breeding and propagation techniques has been greatly improved. Raising the costs incurred plus small pots and pots of support than the pond greatly shortened the distance between human and fish, the fish changed the people "can not close a distance to play," the situation easier for people to enjoy the fun and the fish rating advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, in the late Ming Dynasty, the size of goldfish bowl and scope, goldfish bowl has become a common farming method. Great Ming Dynasty medical scientist Li Shi Zhen in his masterpiece, "Compendium of Materia Medica", the faithful record of the goldfish at the time the popularity of the community: The Golden Fish "Song who started a store, people everywhere keep playing this then carry on." Later, Shen Hiromasa "written by insects of Heaven," a book, but also describes a _select_ion of fish, breeding and other breeding technologies sub-basin development, as well as new varieties of goldfish happen. He said: "Weiyang people build Ying goldfish fresh cracks at the beginning of the red, white, mottled white body after taking those red tail. A gold saddle, Crane beads, seven, eight monkeys. Sub-Fou feeding." This shows that goldfish from support the development of pond basin, shared between three or four hundred years, through the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties 3; also shows that this period has already begun in the artificial _select_ion of goldfish. Pots from the pond to keep in the home of the history of goldfish is the most important change, its impact is greatest. Support the activities of the goldfish bowl space narrowing, walk slow, and totally dependent on artificial feed supply, which not only affects fish physiology, embryonic development and goldfish in shape, its variation more: long, narrow physique round development of the eggs; dorsal fin, some incomplete, some of the degradation; tail into a variety of forms to suit the needs of turning up and down Xiaopen pool. And because the tank into the bowl after feeding, breeders can make more refined look, combined with knowledge and understanding of the goldfish further, raising the further improvement of technology, so a lot of fish, carefully _select_ed fish, breeding sub-basin is possible, therefore unconscious will increase the effectiveness of artificial _select_ion. At this time of the goldfish in many ways and their ancestors have been very different, so it is natural also from the name of the "carp" and the words were called colored fish, salmon, vermilion fish, fire fish, etc., to Chongzhen Emperor Ming era, gradually collectively referred to as the "goldfish." During this period, numerous varieties of goldfish variation, prior to the year 1596, there are historical records that the species: redfish, white fish, golden helmet, Kam, Kam back, printed red head, with red gills, trailing red, Heding Hong, seven stars, gossip, ink eye, snow eyes, Zhu eye, purple eyes, agate eyes, amber eyes, four red to the second red, twenty-six red, twelve white, jade puzzle heap of gold, beaten and, cut off the Red , Mid eight, blue fish, crystal fish. Among these, there are named from the color variation, there are variations from the eye named, there are variations from the tail fin and named some variation of grotesque body, which will be named. Under the circumstances at the time, there has been a large number of goldfish connoisseurs. Among these, the most famous Zhangde Qian, who according to many years of experience keeping goldfish, write the first one in China keeping goldfish monograph " sand fish spectrum." The book describes in detail the varieties of goldfish, feeding methods, the choice of fish tank and goldfish breeding _select_ion and other relevant content. Goldfish during this period, a greater degree of variation. 4. There conscious artificial _select_ion commonly used in the late Ming Dynasty, goldfish bowl, the development of the goldfish from a great role in promoting. But in the early Qing Dynasty, feeding goldfish decline again the situation there. Because essentially the same as the Yuan Dynasty and early Ming. Until the late Qing Dynasty, was again keeping goldfish present prosperity. After the emperor from the Qing dynasty, more and more people keep goldfish in the rearing methods has made new improvements. Emphasizes the "good fish desire to be _select_ed species", the public has the conscious choice to breed exotic species has become common practice, goldfish who has been in place conscious artificial _select_ion. If sentence Qu Shannong (1848) and "Goldfish map" recorded fish method "to be _select_ed to share the male bite midnight, commensurate with the size of the female color class." Humble garden for the elderly (1904) in the "insects, fish, Elegant Gathering" There are "out of midnight, thousands of tired million surplus to after forming, all in the _select_ion, _select_ed in thousand thousand, hundred thousand _select_ed, Barry Stubbs X. Shang Hao who can only be good." "Desire good seedlings, all fish in the old wood, the child will be better." "Fish of a formula, the return of the basin. Female fish food white, and as pregnant and pregnant. If the phase adulterated, regardless of species. That is, or the son, will be hard for it. "breeding methods like fish, not only for the formation of new varieties has played a role, and the number of new varieties appear more than in the past. These new varieties, whether in color or in shape, the more novel than the previous cute goldfish. This allows us to see that, conscious of the new varieties of artificial _select_ion played an important role in the formation of goldfish. Goldfish breeding during this period is a new development. Qing Beijing keeping goldfish is not very popular, there's a new watch keeping goldfish aquarium decorations, as well as with the record keeping goldfish jade bottles, interesting. According to historical introduction, the annual Spring Festival, Beijing residents have to buy goldfish as a family New Year festival decoration, celebration of the music to help, when the famous goldfish for sale at a "happy to know the fish shop", "To the happy fish shop", "to shun fish shop "and so on. To 1893, due to progress in breeding technology, have increased variability, the new breed of the eyes and the lion head Molong two varieties. Varieties of goldfish at this time more than 20 species. If the addition of red - and white color changes; species increased significantly compared to the prior, written more than in the past also, the structure of the scales have been ordinary scales, scales and network transparent transparent scale 3. To 1904, the goldfish has a new variation of production, increase the look-Dragon, tiger, and pompons three varieties. From the late Qing War 30 years ago, due to the development of genetics, people not only take all kinds of hybrid methods to generate a new variant of goldfish, while the occurrence of variant reason, cause, made a detailed genetic Dengjun system. By 1925, increased more than 10 new varieties of the goldfish. According to Xu and compiled the "goldfish Cong Tan," a book written in 1935 when the Shanghai alone there are more than 70 types of goldfish. Xin Tian Long eye which have the ball, pearl dragon eyes, dragon eyes bubble eye, cinnabar eyes, silver egg, blue egg balls, egg balls back, turn the egg kind of gill and other varieties. Meanwhile, the pros and cons of various species identification, and more detailed, which for the cultivation of improved varieties played an important role. After the victory, not the cause of the importance of fish, many varieties of the past did not recover the loss, the decline of the farming industry is still weak. Varieties of goldfish that time, the country has only 40 or so. At present, such as "Beijing Aquatic," "Aquarium," Taiwan's "ornamental fish" magazine, "aquarium ecology", "bird Monde," "Pet Port" and other newspapers and networks have long-established section on goldfish and ornamental fish breeding technology . The mid-80s to early 90s, China's exports have goldfish scale enterprises, including joint goldfish exporters. Such as the Beijing palace Goldfish Co., Ltd., Qian Yang Shui, Yi Lok Aquarium Company, are engaged in the goldfish exports; Guangdong East China Sea Aquarium Company; Co., Ltd. Jinjiang ornamental fish; Wonders Aquarium Co., Ltd., Hangzhou. With the growth of goldfish export and domestic market development, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Suzhou, and ornamental fish have been _set_ up associations or goldfish Association. October 1991, in Wuxi, Jiangsu China Society of Fisheries held its first Asia-Pacific and breeding varieties of ornamental fish trade fair, the same year on October 8 was held in Wuxi will be the Preparatory Committee of ornamental fish. June 1992 the proliferation of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Centre completed the Beidaihe rare aquarium; August 1992, the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, the aquarium and other cooperation with Taiwan, Fortune, held in Guangzhou Yuexiu Park, the world's rare ornamental fish exhibition. October 1992 by the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, planning to build China's first large freshwater aquarium "Oriental Aquarium World" officially opened; Oct. 7 months? 3 at the same time to _set_ up the Asia Pacific Museum and breeding of ornamental fish breeding, fish medicines, feed and other exhibitions Council; October 1993, China Society of Fisheries held in Wuxi goldfish named the first National Council; December 1993 Shanghai into a large-scale "China Aquarium Park", in June 1994 in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, built a large "fresh-water fish class aquarium. " October 1997 Watch the First Beijing International Exhibition of Animals and appliances, was successfully held in Beijing Agricultural Exhibition Hall; October 1998 The Second Beijing International Exhibition of Ornamental Animals and appliances, was held again in the Agricultural Exhibition Hall, from exhibitors around the world and the country Business, audience participation than the event, with their pet show also hosted the first Cup race goldfish, ornamental fish in China Studies was officially established; the same year in September the first aquarium and equipment exhibition in Guangzhou in Guangzhou; to 1999, the Beijing third International Ornamental Animals and equipment exhibition, the second aquarium equipment exhibition in Guangzhou, Shanghai Second Asian Pet Exhibition and Competition will be goldfish aquarium fish, goldfish heat to a climax. Our goldfish husbandry to develop not only in business but also in the _select_ion and exhibition into a new stage of development. The 21st century, the ornamental fish is entering a period of great prosperity, goldfish are much more human favor.