Personal credit is defined according to resident household income and as_set_s, borrowing and repayment has occurred, credit facilities, the punishment and litigation cases, the individual's credit rating to assess the occurrence of adverse credit record time and at any time, archive, so that the supply of credit deciding whether or how much of its loans and loan system. Finance and Trade Economics, CASS researcher Guo Yue pointed out that personal credit system must have a role to play two pivots: the perfect personal credit investigation mechanism and regulating the personal credit rating system. Personal credit is the basis for the investigation of personal credit business activities. Personal credit file data from two aspects: one is the borrower's loan application form when submitted to the banks for loans, including loans history, living conditions, income, marital status of information; partly Credit Management Data with the borrower's credit-related specialized agencies, including the outstanding debt records, credit card overdraft conditions in other financial institutions lending records. Which applied the maximum amount of credit card information residents is extremely important and comprehensive. While consumer credit is applied to evaluate and deepen personal credit file, and also consumers to obtain bank loans necessary step. In other countries, banks generally take subjective judgment method and the number of credit score analysis. Quantitative analysis method is a credit score model a hierarchy of loan applications were scored. In practice, the number of subjective judgment and analysis methods are usually combined with the use of each other, complement each other. Quantitative analysis method which is the most important is the "capacity to pay" assessment. "Ability to pay" refers to two aspects: First, income, mainly refers to a stable enough source of income, including income from full-time work, part-time employment income, investment income, which is the basis of individual credit assessment; Second, cash flow, ie expenditure and revenue ratios, other personal expenses including monthly average amount of outstanding receivables, rent, alimony, custody fees, the monthly expenditure of the sum of the sum of the monthly income ratio below 40%, then that borrowers have enough the ability to repay the loan.
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How to create a personal credit system
Modern civilized society, who has the capacity of normal social behavior, there is a convention. The fulfillment of this promise, the behavior of people is the credit. Are performance and how performance, reflects the level of creditworthiness. As a measure of government behavior, corporate behavior and individual behavior, it constitutes the social credit system. Personally credit, in the developed countries, by people's social security number will be recorded for all economic activity, and as a basis for individual economic activities, the credit system have been more perfect. In these countries, consumer credit accounted for about 30% of total bank loans, the return is far higher than the corporate credit, the recovery period is also much shorter, with less risk. The more high-quality banks, this ratio soared more, such as Citibank's personal business has accounted for 60% of the total business. In developed countries, highly developed credit environment for sustained economic growth and prosperity, played an important role, according to statistics, the contribution to national economic growth rate of household consumption in developed countries the United States, Japan and other generally up to 65%. Development of consumer credit is an effective way to expand consumer demand, such as financial debt in the United States currently holds all the family more than 70%; France at least 40% of household debt spending, 1/4 families rely on bank loans to buy a house. In China, according to estimates of total consumer credit if the proportion of total consumption raised to 5% to 8%, to an increase of about 200 billion yuan of consumer credit, the country's GDP growth will be driven by two percentage points. Thus, the current new situation of China's macro economy is very beneficial to the development of consumer credit. However, China's personal credit system has just started, this, financial institutions have to take rigorous review in the development of consumer credit loans to ensure safety, while lending costs up to 2 to 3 months of examination result can be imagined. The face of China's banking industry after joining WTO faces competition, if we can not establish a personal credit system, the development of personal financial services breakthrough, the situation facing China's banking industry will be severe. Due to the lack of credit environment, although the state in order to stimulate growth in domestic consumer demand, has taken the commodification of housing (accelerating), lower bank deposit and lending rates, the tax levied on interest on bank deposits, to carry out consumer credit, increase transfer payments and other measures, but the consumer significant market has not improved, new consumption growth also did not therefore form. Investigate its reason, lack of consumer credit environment can be said that an important factor. Establish a personal credit system should include several aspects. First, establish a sound social credit the whole network query system. Based on objective, impartial and independent principles, fostering personal credit investigation and evaluation of the agency, established personal credit history files to make an overall evaluation of the entire credit. Meanwhile, the whole society should establish a shared, just personal credit counseling network, cross-industry, cross-system resource sharing. The second is to develop a personal credit system evaluation criteria of both the authority and unity. With the implementation of the personal credit system, the authority should develop a unified China's personal credit evaluation standards, the use of scientific and reasonable assessment by the credit rating agencies, on the basis of a personal credit file system on the customer's credit for every content scientific and accurate credit risk rating. Third, make full use of information transmission means commercial banks, postal financial institutions and other advanced integrated networks, _set_ up by the customer account; to basic personal accounts for the accounting basis; unified management of individual clients' as_set_s, liabilities and other services, and to provide the necessary all financial services. All financial transactions are individuals with the basic account is based on the classification of continuous recording individual customer's financial business activities, by establishing the basic personal credit account system, and ultimately the number of functions of financial institutions for customer service, but also for the implementation of the personal credit system foundation. Fourth, the implementation of real-name system to improve savings. This is an integral part of the economic life of personal credit certificate is an important foundation for the establishment and improvement of personal credit system. As a commercial financial institution, should take this as an opportunity to promote and ensure the implementation of the system, and carry out sub-level, personalized service based on individual characteristics of credit conditions for individual residents to expand retail business, and enhance market competitiveness. Fifth, create a personal credit system necessary for the external environment. Improve the social credit system, promoting bank cards, personal checks, online payments and other advanced means of payment, improve self-service banking, telephone banking, online banking popularize maximize modern payment methods. Six is to implement related measures. Establish a personal credit system is a huge project, the need for close cooperation and coordination with the relevant government departments, central banks, commercial banks, personal credit agency and other departments. Therefore, should the state introduced regulations on personal credit system, implement the relevant supporting measures, a clear duty owed to various departments, improve relevant systems and regulations, so that individual credit system for the registration, evaluation, use of compliance with the statutory procedure in law Within the framework of a reasonable run, specification development. Commercial financial institutions already have a very robust network operators, infrastructure can be used as personal credit system, that hardware. For postal financial system, due to the postal network has a perfect body and established a very wide coverage of the financial network systems, can be related to the deposit and withdrawal of existing national network already provided by the city's green card, wire transfer, electronic funds transfer, etc. business on the basis of use of postal financial network stability, reliability, security, and the advantages of wide coverage, and actively participate in the establishment of personal credit system. Meanwhile, the government in macroeconomic policy-making, coordination between the various management departments, formulation of laws and regulations, but also plays a decisive role.