Higher or secondary professional schools of social division of labor according to the needs of established academic categories. Chinese colleges and vocational schools, according to the nature of nation-building needs and set the various professional schools. The teaching profession has its own plan to achieve the training goal and requirements.
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zhuān yè
The department or a higher secondary school academic categories
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No. 3
The department has three professional
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No. 4
Production sector business units
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No. 5
Specialize in certain academic or professional. "Later Han Emperor Xian Ji": "Society today Confucianism over 60 to leave home, seeking food business information, not professional." Southern Liang Xie, "Wen Xin Diao Long": "As to Chung Yan to any home Review, tert-Wye document through a professional, both Xuan them with age, then fry them with time. "" Mirror Song Taizong continued Chunhua years ":" would like to select five Dr, increasing its staff, the professional to teach helmet child, the weathering of this. "Ba Jin" in the 1979 National Short Story Award giving out awards for outstanding speech at the meeting ":" including professional writers, there are amateur writers, there are familiar, but also for the first time to meet. "
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No. 6
Professional. Tang Li Qiao, "the Ming House Book": "Qiao Xi Chui of cheap Officials ears, and technology of non-professional, might come the book stored in the sword."
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No. 7
Some of the various business sectors.
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The basic definition of professional
Professional refers to the scientific and technological progress of human society, life and production practice, used to describe a certain stage of his career, a crowd, to make a living, long engaged in the specific business operations specifications. Also refers to higher education or specialized secondary schools, the professional division of labor based on social need for academic classes. Chinese institutions of higher learning and secondary specialized schools, according to the nature of nation-building needs and _set_ a variety of professional schools. The teaching profession has its own plan to achieve the objectives and requirements of professional training.
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Professional origins
The long evolution of human history has taught us that human beings evolved in different historical periods, such as: wild times, walk upright, fire Sui's fire by rubbing sticks, respectively, the differentiation of the hunting clan, family and other domesticated, and then enter the Shennong Baicao taste, opened up a brilliant agricultural civilization of mankind, we can use modern terms: professional, professional to explain the Rustic is the initial agricultural professional, and hunting is a hunting family and professional expertise of the initial domestication. Ancient times the "Yellow Emperor" that the Yellow Emperor is the ancient Chinese professional medical workers.
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Professional Development
1, the tool represented by the advanced technology to create Human Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, until the four famous ancient Chinese inventions, the original mason, coppersmith, blacksmith, carpenter, etc., as the original prototype of the professional, is still popular in the family workshop. 2, the steam engine as the representative of the Industrial Revolution created a human originator of the modern professional We all know that Thomas Edison invented the modern industry, as a professional inventor, contributed much to human inventions, including still use incandescent, telephone. The emergence of factories, workshops and other industrial original structure as a unit. In these places, engaged in processing different products and services division, there is the prototype of the modern industrial specialization. 3, to education, industry and other rapid development of modern science and technology, represented by the emergence of the modern professional Because a large number of social division of labor, constant practice and education, gave birth to industrial, commercial practices, for a particular work group name and content of the work of the planning, design, research, promotion of new professional specialization ideas spread. 4, to professional training, education, personnel training for the representatives of the modern professional model Since large-scale industrial development, the need for a particular skill, technology, scientific theories, scientific research, scientific experiments, scientific testing, scientific evaluation of talent group talent manpower output of large-scale, to meet the massive amount of social and business demand, so laid the modern, professional information under the condition of the basic concepts.
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Professional evaluation
We all know the difference between man and man, sometimes it is very big! This created a different field of experts and scientists, as well as top international science masters, professional masters. Because some people have some talent, a very short period of time through training, access to a high professional level of operation, and for most people, you may need more than 1 year of time, through the design of courses, subjects, internships, training, access to the professional engaged in the basic skills to meet social and personal family business and living needs. For example, some companies recruitment requirements in more than three years of a professional qualification and experience, is the truth. However, specific qualitative and quantitative standard data, must be based on specific environmental and social development in specific areas of state is determined. Fifth, the professional development of the result is highly professional division and merger Since the height of science and technology, the rapid social development, human enjoyment of science and technology in the rapid development, there have been changes in the traditional professional development, with high-tech gradual advance and differentiation of new professional and social change for a large number of and business professional needs, more people are calling for professional services, and improve the professional scientific and technological content. Therefore, some of the production-proven, low levels of professional technology trend of consolidation, such as: machinery, electronics and other professionals, gradually mechatronics! Is a very good example. For example, the Secretary of the professional career, may also be due to people's quality and the rapid development of science and technology office gradually disappear. Sixth, the professional practice of the Road Accumulation of expertise by the civilization and progress of human society, the nature of scientific and professional norms of human knowledge and action. Apply what they learn in the specific field of professional project and the side that reached the boundary within the operating specification.
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Appendix References
Xueguo Ren, Zhao Wenhua educational theory through order, would be more representative of the definition of professional classified into the following four categories: (1) "Dictionary of Education," Volume 3 (Shanghai Education Press), the professional is defined as: China, the Soviet Union and other countries higher education students in the professions. Roughly equivalent to "International Standard Classification of Education" course program or major in American schools. According to the social division of labor, the classification, scientific and cultural development and economic construction and social development division. Xue comments on this definition is, "This is a more complete description of the definition, description of the professional division of the basis, taking into account the Chinese, the characteristics of the Soviet Union and the United States, defects are not clear, not a concise definition." (2) "Educational Management Dictionary" (Hainan People's Publishing House) the professional is defined as: a higher education or specialized secondary schools, according to the needs of the social division of labor into academic categories. The profession has a separate teaching programs to reflect the professional training objectives and requirements. The basic definition of the "Ci Hai" consistent interpretation of that is a professional academic categories. Xue comments on this definition is that "this interpretation only emphasizes the need for professional social division of labor division of the importance of ignoring the relationship between professional and academic fact professional and discipline are inextricably linked." (3) Zhou Chuan "professional casual theory" (in "Higher Education" 1992.1) from the broad, narrow, specifically to understand the three levels of expertise. From the broad perspective, a career professional that is different from other professional work of some specific characteristics. Narrow professional, mainly refers to the specific social and professional. That is specific to the professional colleges and universities in the profession. It is based on the identified training objectives _set_ in the colleges and universities (and their corresponding educational institutions) the basic unit of education or education in the basic form of organization. Xue believes that "as the basic unit for education professionals, more in line with reality, more conducive to guide practice, but does not cover the basis of the professional division." (4), PAN Mao-yuan, Wang Weilian editor of "higher education" (Fujian Education Press, 1995.10) is defined as: a professional organization of the curriculum. Thus comes to courses, which also contains this form of organization. Xue believes that "with the definition of professional courses, professional and curriculum reveals the nature of contact between the, more in line with professional American colleges and universities in the fact, but in terms of the definition of professional as well as further discussion is necessary." Xue my definition of professional advantages and disadvantages of the above, _set_ up a self-defined: professional classification is based on academic and social division of labor required for highly specialized knowledge category, the basic unit of teaching and learning activities. The definition of professional expertise in teaching and learning activities in both advanced properties, but also has different categories such activities, the basic unit of property. Add this: Professional: refers to the high professionalism of trusted experts. 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Technology Professional Surveying and Mapping Mapping class Engineering measurement technology Environment and Security category> Environmental Engineering Safety Engineering Environment and Safety class Lightning Protection Science and Technology Building Environment and Equipment Engineering Environmental Science City planning Disaster Prevention Engineering Environment and ecology class Chemical and pharmaceutical> Pharmaceutical Professional Chemical Engineering and Technology Professional Pharmaceutical Engineering Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology Chemical and pharmaceutical Chemical and pharmaceutical Transportation category> Transportation Professional Traffic Engineering Professional Flight Technology Navigation Technology Professional Marine Engineering Logistics Engineering Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering Vehicle Engineering Transportation Equipment Information Technology Civil Aviation Maintenance Engineering Reliability of the systems engineering Shipping Management Logistics management specialist Transportation Vehicle Operation Engineering Military traffic control and engineering Automotive Command Transportation Class Traffic Management Project Air transport Air crew Automotive Service Industry Automobile Inspection and Maintenance Technology Automotive Technology Automotive Technology Services and Marketing Transportation Construction and Equipment Car maintenance education Urban transport Automotive Technology and Marketing Marine Engineering> Marine and Ocean Engineering Port, Waterway and Coastal Engineering Marine Engineering Marine Engineering (specialized outfitting) Construction technology (steel manufacturing) Marine Engineering (specialization in painting) Marine Engineering (Marine power plant technology) Marine Engineering (Marine Electrical Technology) Navigation Project Boat Command Ship Power Engineering Light industry and textile Food> Food Science and Engineering Light Chemical Engineering Professional Packaging Engineering Printing Engineering Textile Engineering Fashion Design and Engineering Design fashion design and dyeing Food Quality and Safety Commodity inspection Food Science and Engineering Light Textile Food Light industry and textile Food Merchandising Product Quality Cooking techniques and nutrition Food Processing Technology Knitting technology and knitted garments Non-woven materials and engineering Non-woven materials and engineering Aerospace Class> Vehicle Design and Engineering Aircraft power engineering Aircraft Manufacturing and Engineering Aircraft Engineering Environmental and Life Support Aerospace Class Aviation and command Space Engineering Air Force command station Air anti-submarine project Aircraft Systems Engineering Air defense command Space transportation and control Flight Technology Weapon> weapons systems engineering and launch Professional guidance and control technology to detect Engineering and technical expertise of ammunition explosion Energy Engineering and pyrotechnic special professional Motor engineering ground weapons Information technology professionals against Weapons systems and engineering IC Design NBC Fire Equipment Support Command Missile Engineering Ammunition Engineering Radar Engineering Ordnance Engineering Mine blasting and barrier-breaking project Weapons Class Nuclear technology Engineering Mechanics class> Applied Physics Industrial Engineering Engineering Mechanics Engineering Structural Analysis Professional Engineering Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Wind Energy and Power Engineering Military Materials Engineering Military Optical Engineering Command Automation Engineering Management Engineering Camouflage project Exploration project Engineering Mechanics class Field Water Supply Project Space Engineering Defence Construction Equipment Engineering Biological Engineering> Biological Engineering Biomedical Engineering Quality and Reliability Engineering Biotechnology Fire Command 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class> Pharmacy Applied Pharmacy Professional Natural Medicines Cultivation and identification of Chinese herbal medicine Traditional Chinese medicine resources and Development Ocean Pharmacy Pharmacy The basis of class-based medicine Pharmaceutical Engineering Pharmacy Class Animal Pharmacy Chinese Traditional Medicine> Pharmacy in Pharmaceutical preparations Traditional Chinese medicine resources and Development Management> Management Science and Engineering> Management Science Information Management and Information System Project Management Industrial Engineering Information Management and Information System Management Science and Engineering Information Security Economics and Management Information Management and Information System Project cost Property management Credit Management E-finance Research and information security As_set_ evaluation Army Financial Management Economic management and equipment Marine Management Security Management Police management Management Science and Engineering (Chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools) Business Administration> Business Administration Marketing Accounting Financial Management Human Resource Management Tourism Management Logistics Management E-Business E-commerce and the law Merchandising Economic Information Management Management Science International Business Insurance Actuarial Auditing Property Management Accounting Supply Chain Management Human Resource Management Customs and International Freight Exhibition of Economics and Management Chain Management City Management Business Administration Franchising and management International Business Management International Trade Administration International Logistics Management International Financial Management International Real Estate Management International Tourism Management Business Administration [including the original six professional: Applied Economics, China Business, Finance, Human Resource Management, Information Systems Management, Marketing] Hotel Management Logistics Management Administration Economics and Management Business Project Management Business Administration (Chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools) Financial Management (Accounting) Business Administration Business Management Sino-Canadian cooperation in Business Administration Public Management> Executive Management Utilities Management Labor and Social Security Land Resource Management Public Policy Professional City Management Financial Mathematics Professional Public Administration Gaming Management Public Relations Sociology Real Estate Management Project Management Social Work Public Administration PR secretarial Event Management Cultural Industries Management Sports Industry Management Public Administration Labor Relations Public Relations Public Management Resources, Environment and Urban Planning Property Management Logistics Engineering Project Management Human Resource Management Tourism Management Public Safety Management Tourism Management and Services Education Exhibition Planning and Management Public Management Professional (Education Management) Tourism Management (Sino-French cooperation in running schools) Guide Public Affairs Management Secretarial Public Health Management Senior Assistant Secretary of the modern high Commercial secretary Foreign Secretary Sulu Secretary Executive Secretary Culture and Media Secretary Legal Secretary Financial Secretary Office Management Project Management Real Estate Management and Administration Tourism and Hotel Management Tourism Management (Hotel Management) Agricultural Economics and Management> Agricultural Economics and Management Professional development of rural areas Township Enterprise Management Agricultural Economics and Management Land Resource Management Agricultural Economics and Management Library archives class> library science Professional archives Information Resources Management Exhibition of Economics and Management Comprehensive training the experimental class Book category archives
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English Expression
: speciality, interest, activity, skill, etc to which a person gives particular attention or in which he specializes
n.: career, craft, profession, specialty, special field of study, specialized trade or profession, specialized subject, special line, specialized field
French Expression
n. spécialité
adj. professionnel
Thesaurus
business, Industry Category, occupation, employment, employment, hire, serve, type of activity or business, take, Leasing, industry, enterprise, manufacture or production, charge, For rent, department of activity, way of earning a living, ministration, abet, thing to which one gives one's time, energy, etc, business, bureau, tissue, adventure, event, paid job, craft advantage, virtue, speciality, thing that sb does particularly well, charm, caiyi, air, professionalism, professionalism, qiangdian, sth strong Zhuanye Town