Municipalities : China : East China > Shanghai City



Show Map Contents ·行政区划代码 ·百科辞典 ·English Expression ·Thesaurus ·Related Phrases ·Containing Phrases ·More results... 行政区划代码 　　310000 百科辞典 　　Shanhai Shi 　　上海市 　　Shanghai Shi 　　　　中国三个直辖市之一。全国最大经济中心和第1大港，世界著名特大港口城市。简称“沪”。位于北纬30°23□～31°27′,东经120°52′～121°45′,北界长江，南临杭州湾,东濒东海，西接苏、浙2省,南北长约120余公里,东西宽约100公里。辖12区和9县。面积6340.50平方公里,1990年人口1334.1896万；其中市区面积375.44平方公里，人口812.4436万。 　　　　 自 然 条 件 　　　　市境位于长江三角洲上，地势低平，河港如网。西部散见小山丘，天马山海拔98米，为市境最高点。 　　　　地质与地貌 地质构造属杨子准地台东缘拗陷区，燕山运动后期开始沉陷。第四纪末次海浸以来，经长江泥沙的填积，成为长江三角洲的组成部分。市境位于三角洲冲积平原前缘，北、东、南三面略为高起；中部黄浦江两岸次之；西部淀山湖附近一带地势最低，成为向太湖倾斜的碟形低平原。根据地貌成因和地面高程可分为3个地形单元：①淀泖低地。在古岗身以西,包括青浦、松江两县大部,金山县北部及嘉定、上海、奉贤3县的西缘，为在长江老三角洲古太湖基础上发育而成的湖沼平原，多洼地和湖泊。如青浦县西部即有淀山湖等大小湖荡30多个，地面高程约3～3.5米。此外，在松江县北部集中分布有佘山、天马山、凤凰山、横山、小昆山、辰山等少数基岩残丘，海拔在百米以下。②碟缘高地。指古岗身及其以东广大滨海平原区，包括宝山区及川沙、南汇2县全部，嘉定、上海、奉贤、金山4县大部，地势较高，地面高程约4～4.5米，或可达4.5～5米。平原上分布有多条与海岸平行的贝壳堤和古海塘残迹。南汇角及奉贤南部滨海地区滩地至今仍有显著而稳定的淤涨趋势，在南汇东滩分布有较丰富的滩涂资源。③河口沙洲。包括崇明、长兴、横沙3岛及其他刚露出水面的沙洲,成陆历史晚近。至今崇明岛北沿、东沿、西沿以及长兴岛北沿和横沙东滩高地滩仍在不断迅速淤涨，形成大片滩涂，利于围垦。上海南部奉贤、金山一带海岸线长期以来则有后退的趋势，原来在陆上的大、小金山，现都已成为海岸孤岛。 　　　　由于全市地势低平，大部分地区都处于高潮位之下，每当汛期和江海高潮，特别是秋季大潮汛和台风暴雨同时侵袭之际，易受江海横溢之害，须构筑海塘江堤和圩埝。滨江沿海一带土地坍淤不定；而江口沙洲，北涨南坍，亦须实施护岸防坍等水利工程。 　　　　气候 属北亚热带季风气候，温和湿润，四季分明。年均温15.7℃,1月均温3.3℃，较同纬度内陆温和，7月均温27.4℃，夏季各月不如同纬度内陆炎热。全年无霜期218天。10℃以上活动积温近5000℃，持续达232天。雨量充沛，年均降水量1143毫米，夏季占40.1％，冬季占13.0％，季节分配较均匀，利于农业。6月中旬～7月上旬为梅雨期，梅雨过后西南风盛行，高温干燥，形成伏旱；8月下旬～9月上旬多台风和暴雨；秋季时有连阴雨；冬春季则偶有寒潮侵袭，均对农业生产不利。 　　　　 上海市政区简图 　　　　水文 境内水网密布，水量充足。主要河流和湖泊有长江河口段、 黄浦江、 吴淞江苏州河和淀山湖等。长江流经市郊北部，接纳黄浦江后，东流入海。江口呈□叭形向外展宽，最宽处达80公里。黄浦江至吴淞口汇入长江，深度一般为7～9米，1～2万吨级船舶可直达上海港内各深水泊位。吴淞江为黄浦江主要支流，是上海同内地联系重要水运航道。淀山湖为市郊最大淡水湖泊，有水产、灌溉、交通之利。 　　　　土壤 市境江湖密布，江海冲积作用旺盛，冲积土发育广泛。由于地势低下，江、河、湖、海水位较高，地下水埋深很浅，土地处于高度渍水状态。土壤以渍潜型和淋溶—淀积型 English Expression n.:  Shanghai City Thesaurus Shanghai, explain, Shanghai Related Phrases geography District County Characters historical figures bilaterial the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) coeducation school middle school Heilongjiang barton way Nanjing shop mall seminary priority Middle School coeducation base Shanghai tourist attraction More results... 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