Agriculture refers to rural areas, agriculture and farmers;-called "three rural" issue refers to agriculture, rural areas and farmers of these three problems. Research on rural issues is to address the farmers' income, agricultural growth, rural stability. In fact, this is a residential area, trades and subject identity Trinity problem, but three different emphases, must consider the integration of these three issues. China, as a large agricultural country, "three rural" issues related to the quality of the citizens, economic development and relations to social stability and national prosperity and rejuvenation.
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Agricultural issues
The main problem is the industrialization of agriculture. Market economy is market-oriented, market allocation of resources according to economic form, poor agricultural purchasing and marketing system is an important reason for the rapid development of agriculture can not. Species often heard complaining about something peasant brothers sell or sell too low, did not follow the laws of the market at the root cause. Is a one-stop production and marketing of agricultural relaxation method currently in the market economy has much to offer a good move, the party and the government plays a key role in the creation of "production - sales - for the" chain of events. Another problem is that Chinese agricultural industrialization of agriculture is basically self-sufficient peasant economy at present, there is no economy of scale. After joining the WTO, how to deal with the challenges of intensive agriculture abroad? This will be a serious problem facing China as a large agricultural country. From now appears to be in the liberation of China's surplus labor at the same time, by accelerating mechanization of agriculture to improve agricultural productivity, abandoned small-scale peasant self-sufficiency to meet WTO challenges.
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Rural issues
Currently outstanding performance is an issue household registration system reform. Urban and rural household registration system will ever be a binary split between urban and rural economic development, the formation of larger differences in cultural level. This household registration system under the planned economic system is top-down administration necessary in building a socialist market economy today has been unanimously questioned theorists. At present, the reform of the household registration system have to rise around this irrational system "cut", hoping to further emancipate the rural surplus labor. But need to be forward-looking: After the reform of household registration system, the liberation of surplus labor placement and if it is not reasonable to ease emigration form of social security will cause considerable stress. Therefore, steps need to control urbanization, small towns and rural dualism is digested, the household registration system reform accompanying measures. There is also a prominent problem is the transformation of old problems. In today's party building a new socialist countryside great call, the number of non-standard so-called "reform move" is how chilling. Collective land is illegal trade which is a big problem. And behind this is the interests of the parties dispute forces. Vast rural land, the development of wide known. If the land is not guaranteed, why talk about development? Even the development of the farmers is the same no development, but in the opposite transformation of old villages are denied out, there is no opportunity to stand up for the farmers. When dealing with rural land, how many non-standard actions under public outrage Kuikui be despised, and no one to speak out for them. The rapid development of today's society, this problem can not be underestimated, faced with a growing number of transformation, but also so that we are not empty slogans but to do it? Government should send someone to investigate the composition of the team, the implementation of rural land use, had an idea to do the job. There is to strengthen the legal awareness of rural land expropriation way for publication, to prevent the illegal interest groups loophole. Transformation of old villages have made it clear that the occupation of the homestead to make specific remedies, to establish the necessary services and facilities. Of course, there are many problems in rural areas, it is throughout all aspects of rural development, health problems and early childhood pension issues can not be ignored. And so we need to pay attention not to regulate, to correct.
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Farmers
Quality and reducing the burden can be divided into two issues. Farmers' quality problem, mainly refers to the cultural quality. According to statistics, by the end of 2000, China's compulsory education in compulsory education that covers 85 percent of the population, the population not covered by the compulsory education in rural majority. Meanwhile, the family planning policy in rural areas are also subject to certain boycott, in the "put a sheep is put, put a flock of sheep also release" The misconception is guiding the formation of "the poorer the more students, the more poorer students," the vicious cycle. Ten trees, takes a hundred years. What happens if there is no certain powers to participate in the cultural quality of the national competition? Therefore, improving the quality of farmers is an important measure of enriching the people. Another major problem is the problem of farmers' burdens problems. CPC Central Committee and the State Council have repeatedly stressed the need to reduce the burden on farmers, but in some places, "so not prohibitions" - as it is the burden on farmers, causing farmers to pay tax and anti-collective petitions and other events. Heavy burden on peasants directly affect farmers' income increase, the heavy burden on farmers is an important reason: government reform is not enough, there are still some local government departments, "the steward of many people, people who eat a lot." Therefore, to reduce the burden on farmers should first consider intensify institutional adjustment, shedding workers, the farmers' income in the first place. China is a large agricultural country, the rural population close to 900 million, accounting for 70% of the country's population; agricultural population of 700 million people, accounting for 50.1% of the industry's total population. Solve the "three rural" issues must be considered its own system of agricultural development, we must also consider the coordinated development between the three major industries. Address the relationship "Three Rural Issues" significant, not only farmers brothers looked forward, is currently a major event of the party and the government. Solve the "three rural" issues related national economy, we should develop agriculture and rural economy and increasing farmers' income as the most important economic work. Although many of the measures to solve the "three rural" issues are closely related to investment funds, but in recent years the problems of the financial system to a considerable extent undermine support for the rural economy of the county economy, especially in rural areas The relative lack of credit into the economy. Agriculture industry itself institutional issues also affect its financial capital flows, is not conducive to the development of the rural economy. Agricultural economy is no scale of the operation, together with poor infrastructure, difficult to accommodate more financial capital. At present, China's agriculture is mainly household contract responsibility system, this mode of operation can only accommodate a small number of small agricultural credit funds. First, fewer farmers as_set_s this mode of operation, can not afford the larger credit risk; Second, this mode of operation to limit the development of efficient agriculture and agro-processing, farmers do not need more loans. Therefore, the current rural credit cooperatives appear in three ways: First, there are many historical problems of rural credit cooperatives more, plus a large impact on the local financial risks, difficulties yet paid no money to support agriculture; Second, some of the rural credit cooperatives deposit more, but did not dare to agriculture, idle funds; Third, some RCCs actually accomplishing the commercial banks, city commercial banks in deposit dispute, contend loans, unwilling to support agriculture.
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Financial solve the "three rural" issue
The current financial system to support agriculture, support for the county's economy relatively serious shortage, then, from a financial point of view, how to solve the "three rural" issue? (A) To resume operations as soon as agriculture agricultural policy financial institutions, while the use of a proactive fiscal policy and increase the "three rural" support. Both want to develop the rural economy, the rural market started, and do not want to pay the price, this is unrealistic, but if the right policies we better financial management and reduce human errors and corruption, our losses will be less, with minimal Consideration for maximum social benefit. To support the "three rural" policy of investment, the state should establish a financial compensation mechanism for financial policy in the country allow financial situation, we must promptly provide discount to make up for the loss of funds and doubtful debts to financial policy, as well as the time to resolve policy financial risk, do not let the accumulation of excessive risks. (B) driven by financial policy, and actively guide the commercial finance to increase support for agriculture. Some agricultural high-tech, large-scale, industrial and agricultural products deep processing projects, after a certain production capacity in support of policy finance, commercial finance must promptly give matching funds. Not only for long-term loans or deposits reach deposits and loans of commercial and financial outlets to be forced out of the market, contain a large number of rural funds siphoned off from practice. (C) to support the development of rural credit cooperatives in our health, improve agriculture capabilities. Of the historical burden of rural credit cooperatives should be realistically addressed, the central government and local governments are jointly responsible. Those who think of rural credit cooperatives are not state-run financial institutions, you can not enjoy the same treatment as the idea is to understand the history of rural credit cooperatives, the result is leading to an increasing risk of rural credit cooperatives, rural economic development not only extremely unfavorable and led to the collapse of the financial system in rural areas, and even a national financial disaster. Funds (four) postal savings organizations, most financial policy should be financed by "agriculture." Since the majority of postal savings deposits from below the county, mainly in rural areas, these funds should be used by policy-oriented financial support for the county economy, especially in the rural economy. Agriculture while increasing refinancing rural credit cooperatives to improve their ability to support agriculture. This is conducive to promoting rural economic development and narrow the gap between rich and poor, expanding domestic demand, and thus conducive to the healthy development of the national economy. (E) appropriate to change the current agricultural production model for large-scale industrial production, so as to attract more money and increase efficiency in the use of funds. The current rural household contract responsibility system in the early stages of reform and opening up, for the mobilization of the peasants' enthusiasm for production, play a huge role in the liberation of the productive forces. However, the household contract responsibility system in rural areas can only solve the problem of farmers' food and clothing, while well-off farmers can not solve the problem. Rural household contract responsibility system under the conditions of market economy in the following drawbacks: First, is not conducive to mechanized production, the impact of further increasing labor productivity; second is not conducive to the promotion and application of science and technology. A one of the small-scale peasant production, there is no funding to engage in scientific research, even research institutions have developed new technologies, the promotion is also difficult; three are difficult to adapt to changing market needs. Now farmers' production often can not find the market to produce the product, although such a model company plus farmer, but after more than a link. When the market changes, either companies do not trust, do not trust either the farmer; fourth is not conducive to deep processing of agricultural and sideline products. Why do some agricultural products processing enterprise development is not up, mainly due to difficult to have a stable source of raw material quality and quantity, a one farmer to produce, or is difficult to ensure the quality, quantity either difficult to ensure. Four questions above, are the main problems encountered in the production of market economy, these problems are not resolved, the rural economy is impossible to have a qualitative breakthrough, even if the financial reconstruction of the rural financial system reform will increase the rural economy support to rural areas there is no good investment environment to attract more funds. Hard to increase investment in rural areas is just not much effective investment, eventually forming a more non-performing as_set_s. Therefore, to the farmers on a voluntary basis, by re-contracted land, so that the concentration of land in the hands of entrepreneurs understand the business of agriculture, and the formation of large-scale industrialization of the large-scale production. Farmers only get a certain land contract fee, they can do other sideline, can be liberated from the loess back into the air facing low-productivity labor. Rural reform in three steps Premier Wen Jiabao at the national conference on rural work on comprehensive reform in his speech pointed out that "nearly 30 years of rural reform, we took three strides." "The first step in the implementation of the household contract management as the core of the operating system in rural areas," we build the rural basic economic system and market mechanisms; "the second step, the implementation of the reform of income distribution relationship with the core of the reform of rural taxes" We opened up a new way to balance urban and rural development; starting in 2006. Entered into a new stage of comprehensive rural reform. "A red line through the three-step reform is to protect the material interests of farmers, farmers' democratic rights to maintain, liberation and development of productive forces." Seize the opportunity to comprehensively promote comprehensive rural reform, to provide an institutional guarantee for the construction of a new socialist countryside is to consolidate the key points in the history of reform and development achievements, nexus and future priorities.
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Other
Appendix: Ode to celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of reform and opening up of modern agriculture, new rural areas, farmers contemporary verse First, modern agriculture Modern agriculture employing fewer machines and more conscientious than others. Automated harvesting plow tillage, transgenic varieties. No winter fresh vegetables, greenhouses have Changchun. Third Plenum of good policy, scientific farming can be enriching. Second, the new rural The new socialist countryside, peasant brothers and more intimate. Illness and death have to rely on, basic necessities are liking. Modern communications to Rome, Beijing and Tianjin Ben broad road. Benefits of cooperative medical care, schools, invigorating reading voice. Third, contemporary farmers Contemporary modern agriculture, emerging new rural towns. Qin conscious management, learning science more carefully, Spring farming to get rich, winter and summer work to get rid of poverty. With enough good agriculture policy, instead of passing burn incense and worship the gods. - (Anping) Zhang True