Refers to the human production, consumption, life and other activities resulting in solid, semi-solid waste material (the definition is more widely abroad, animal waste activities also fall into this category), including solid particles, waste, slag, sludge, waste products, damaged containers, defective products, animal carcasses, spoiled food, human and animal feces. Some countries waste acid, waste alkali, waste oil, waste organic solvents are also high concentrations of liquid classified as solid waste. The concept and classification of solid waste solid waste generally refers to production and construction, daily life and other activities in the environmental pollution resulting solid, semi-solid waste material, layman's terms, is "garbage." Solid waste includes municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste and agricultural waste. Amount of municipal waste disposal (tonnes) United States 106 Japan 160 * 32.6 * 43.9 * 106 Germany 106 France 106 United Kingdom 16.0 * 15.5 * 14.0 * 106 Canada 106 Italy 106 12.6 * Table shows, in general, the higher the level of city life, the greater the amount of garbage produced in low-income countries, cities such as Calcutta, Karachi and Jakarta, produced 0.5-0.8 kg per person per day; in the large industrialized countries city waste generated per person per day is usually about 1 kg. (2) Industrial solid waste is in the industrial, transportation and other production activities of mining waste rock, ore processing tailings, fuel waste, chemical production and smelting slag and other solid waste, also known as industrial waste or industrial waste. Industrial solid waste in accordance with its origin and physical properties can be roughly divided into six categories. And according to the toxic waste can be divided into two types of toxic and non-toxic waste, where contains fluoride, mercury, arsenic, chromium, lead, cyanide and other compounds and phenols, are toxic and radioactive waste material. ⑶ agricultural waste. Also known as agricultural waste, mainly from the manure and plant straw. Solid waste pollution in untreated factory waste and garbage simply open dumps, occupation of land, destruction of landscape, and the waste components are in the air by strong winds spread through the rain into the soil, rivers or groundwater sources, the process is not solid waste pollution. ⑵ atmospheric pollution. Of solid waste in dry or light wind flying, the atmosphere will cause pollution. Treatment of solid waste incineration is currently the more popular way, but burning will produce large amounts of harmful gases and dust, some of the long-term pile of organic solid waste in the proper temperature and humidity will be broken down by microorganisms, while the release of harmful gases. ⑶ contaminated soils. Many soil bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms inhabited place, which reflects the function of microorganisms in the soil plays an important role in the soil itself, they constitute a balanced ecosystem, while the untreated hazardous solid waste, after weathering, rain, surface runoff and other effects, the toxic liquid will seep into the soil, and then kill the microbes in the soil, destruction of the ecological balance of the soil, polluted or barren areas. ⑷ occupation of land. Output increasing very rapidly, many cities use the edge of large tracts of farmland to suburban to stack them, no wonder the scientists back on Earth from the satellite photos taken around the city's large white trash is so conspicuous. 5 Solid waste disposal Solid waste disposal usually refers to physical, chemical, biological, physical and chemical and biochemical methods of solid waste into a suitable transport, storage, use or disposal process, solid waste treatment goal is harmless , reduction, recycling. Some people think that solid waste is "waste" disposal the most difficult one, because it contains elements of a complex of its physical properties (size, liquidity, uniformity, crushing the degree of moisture, heating value, etc.) are also the ever-changing, to achieve these "harmless, reduction, recycling" goal will encounter considerable problems, the general method of solid waste pollution prevention and control is to control the first output, for example, gradually reform the structure of urban fuel (including civilian industry) control plants the consumption of raw materials, fixed to improve product life, increase waste recovery rates; second is to carry out comprehensive utilization of solid wastes as resources and energy to treat, can not use the treatment by compression and non-toxic solid waste into the final state then landfill and Shen Hai, the main methods used include compaction, crushing, sorting, curing, incineration, biological treatment. ⑴ compaction technology. Compaction is a volume reduction by wastes, lower transportation costs, extend landfill life pretreatment techniques, compaction is a commonly used method of solid waste pre-treatment, such as cars, cans, plastic bottles usually the first use of compaction treatment, treatment for compacted solid waste volume reduction, compaction is not appropriate treatment, some waste may cause operational problems, such as tar, sludge or liquid materials, generally not suitable for compaction treatment. ⑵ broken technology. In order to enter the incinerator, landfill, composting system, reduce waste form, must be pre-crushing of the solid waste treatment, after crushing the waste, by eliminating a large gap, not only the size uniformity, and texture also uniform, the other in the landfill so that the process of compaction. Solid waste crushing many ways, the main impact of crushing, shearing, compression crushing, crushing, friction and temperature in addition to exclusive crushing, crushing and mixing style. ⑶ sorting technology. To achieve solid waste sorting solid waste resources, reduction of important means, by sorting out the useful option to use the full, the full separation of harmful; the other is the waste of different levels of granularity to be separated , the basic principle of separation is the use of materials in terms of some of the differences be separated. For example, the use of waste in the difference between magnetic and non magnetic separation; were separated by differences in particle size; use of the proportion of differences in the separation. Depending on the nature of the design and manufacture all kinds of machinery can be of solid waste sorting, sorting, including hand-picked _select_ion, screening, gravity separation, magnetic separation, eddy current separation, optical sorting and so on. ⑷ curing technology. Curing technology is the way to curing the substrate to add waste, hazardous solid waste to an inclusive fixed or cured in an inert matrix of a sound process, treated cured product should have good anti-permeability, good mechanical and anti-leach resistance, wet and dry, anti-freezing properties, curing curing the substrate under the sink can be divided into cured, cured asphalt, glass and resin curing curing. ⑸ incineration and pyrolysis technologies. High-temperature incineration of solid waste decomposition and the integrated treatment of deep oxidation process, the benefits of a large number of the decomposition of hazardous wastes into harmless substances. Due to the solid waste fuel ratio gradually increased, the use of solid waste incineration approach, using its energy has become a necessary trend to such treatment, solid waste, small footprint, large capacity, in the protection of environment, incineration plant more than 10 million people in big cities, and with energy recovery systems. Tension due to land in Japan, the use of incineration increased gradually, the burning process can be used to obtain the thermal power generation, heat production by burning stove, can be used for residential heating, used to maintain the greenhouse temperature and so on. Annually in Japan and Switzerland, more than 65% of the urban waste incinerated leaving renewable energy. However, incineration has drawbacks, such as the investment is large, the secondary pollution caused by exhaust gas incineration process, equipment, and other serious corrosion. Pyrolysis is the organic matter in anaerobic or hypoxic conditions of high temperature (500 ℃ -1000 ℃) heated to decomposition of the gas, liquid, solid three types of product, compared with incineration, pyrolysis law is more promising treatment method, which the most significant advantage is less investment in infrastructure. ⑹ biological treatment technology. Biological treatment is the use of microbial decomposition of organic solid wastes to harmless of organic solid waste can be converted to energy, food, feed and fertilizer, can also be used to extract from the metal scrap and waste is solidified waste resources effective technology and methods, used widely at present are: composting, biogas, waste saccharification of cellulose, waste fiber feed, biological leaching and so on. The value of solid waste recycling waste separation and recovery if we can get a wide range of Comprehensive Utilization of a multiplier effect. Classification depends on the degree of recycling and garbage accumulation, solid waste recycling has major historical significance.
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The definition of solid waste
Solid waste is the human production, consumption, life and other activities generated solid, semi-solid waste material (the definition is more widely abroad, animal waste activities also fall into this category), layman's terms, is " garbage. " Including solid particles, waste, slag, sludge, waste products, damaged containers, defective products, animal carcasses, spoiled food, human and animal feces. Some countries waste acid, waste alkali, waste oil, waste organic solvents are also high concentrations of liquid classified as solid waste.
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Classification of Solid Waste
Can be divided according to their composition of organic waste and inorganic waste; its shape can be divided into solid waste, semi-solid and liquid wastes (gaseous) waste; pollution characteristics can be classified according to their hazardous waste and general waste. In the "Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law," will be divided into municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste and hazardous waste. Usually the source of solid waste in accordance with city life into solid waste, industrial solid waste and agricultural waste. 1. Municipal Waste Amount of municipal waste disposal (tonnes) United States 106 Japan 160 * 32.6 * 43.9 * 106 Germany 106 France 106 United Kingdom 16.0 * 15.5 * 14.0 * 106 Canada 106 Italy 106 12.6 * Table shows, in general, the higher the level of city life, the greater the amount of garbage produced in low-income countries, cities such as Calcutta, Karachi and Jakarta, produced 0.5-0.8 kg per person per day; in the large industrialized countries city waste generated per person per day is usually about 1 kg. 2. Industrial solid waste Is in the industrial, transportation and other production activities of mining waste rock, ore processing tailings, fuel waste, chemical production and smelting slag and other solid waste, also known as industrial waste or industrial waste. Industrial solid waste in accordance with its origin and physical properties can be roughly divided into six categories. And according to the toxic waste can be divided into two types of toxic and non-toxic waste, where contains fluoride, mercury, arsenic, chromium, lead, cyanide and other compounds and phenols, are toxic and radioactive waste material. 3. Agricultural waste Also known as agricultural waste, mainly from the manure and plant straw.
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Solid waste pollution
Untreated factory waste and domestic waste open dumps simple, occupation of land, destruction of landscape, and the waste components are in the air by strong winds spread through the rain into the soil, rivers or groundwater sources, this process is not solid waste pollution. 1. Polluted water bodies 2. Pollution of the atmosphere Of solid waste in dry or light wind flying, the atmosphere will cause pollution. Treatment of solid waste incineration is currently the more popular way, but burning will produce large amounts of harmful gases and dust, some of the long-term pile of organic solid waste in the proper temperature and humidity will be broken down by microorganisms, while the release of harmful gases. 3. Contaminated Soil Many soil bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms inhabited place, which reflects the function of microorganisms in the soil plays an important role in the soil itself, they constitute a balanced ecosystem, while the untreated hazardous solid waste, after weathering, rain, surface runoff and other effects, the toxic liquid will seep into the soil, and then kill the microbes in the soil, destruction of the ecological balance of the soil, polluted or barren areas. 4. Occupied land Output increasing very rapidly, many cities use the edge of large tracts of farmland to suburban to stack them, no wonder the scientists back on Earth from the satellite photos taken around the city's large white trash is so conspicuous.
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Solid waste disposal
Solid waste disposal is usually refers to physical, chemical, biological, physical and chemical and biochemical methods of solid waste into a suitable transport, storage, use or disposal process, the goal of solid waste is harmless, and reduction of resources of. Some people think that solid waste is "waste" disposal the most difficult one, because it contains elements of a complex of its physical properties (size, liquidity, uniformity, crushing the degree of moisture, heating value, etc.) are also the ever-changing, to achieve these "harmless, reduction, recycling" goal will encounter considerable problems, the general method of solid waste pollution prevention and control is to control the first output, for example, gradually reform the structure of urban fuel (including civilian industry) control plants the consumption of raw materials, fixed to improve product life, increase waste recovery rates; second is to carry out comprehensive utilization of solid wastes as resources and energy to treat, can not use the treatment by compression and non-toxic solid waste into the final state then landfill and Shen Hai, the main methods used include compaction, crushing, sorting, curing, incineration, biological treatment. 1. Compaction technology Compaction is a volume reduction by wastes, lower transportation costs, extend landfill life pretreatment techniques, compaction is a commonly used method of solid waste pre-treatment, such as cars, cans, plastic bottles usually the first use of compaction treatment, treatment for compacted solid waste volume reduction, compaction is not appropriate treatment, some waste may cause operational problems, such as tar, sludge or liquid materials, generally not suitable for compaction treatment. 2. Breaking Technology In order to enter the incinerator, landfill, composting system, reduce waste form, must be pre-crushing of the solid waste treatment, after crushing the waste, by eliminating a large gap, not only the size uniformity, and texture also uniform, the other in the landfill so that the process of compaction. Solid waste crushing many ways, the main impact of crushing, shearing, compression crushing, crushing, friction and temperature in addition to exclusive crushing, crushing and mixing style. 3. Separation Technology To achieve solid waste sorting solid waste resources, reduction of important means, by sorting out the useful option to use the full, the full separation of harmful; the other is the waste of different levels of granularity to be separated , the basic principle of separation is the use of materials in terms of some of the differences be separated. For example, the use of waste in the difference between magnetic and non magnetic separation; were separated by differences in particle size; use of the proportion of differences in the separation. Depending on the nature of the design and manufacture all kinds of machinery can be of solid waste sorting, sorting, including hand-picked _select_ion, screening, gravity separation, magnetic separation, eddy current separation, optical sorting and so on. 4. Solidification treatment technology Curing technology is the way to curing the substrate to add waste, hazardous solid waste to an inclusive fixed or cured in an inert matrix of a sound process, treated cured product should have good anti-permeability, good mechanical and anti-leach resistance, wet and dry, anti-freezing properties, curing curing the substrate under the sink can be divided into cured, cured asphalt, glass and resin curing curing. 5. Incineration and pyrolysis technology High-temperature incineration of solid waste decomposition and the integrated treatment of deep oxidation process, the benefits of a large number of the decomposition of hazardous wastes into harmless substances. Due to the solid waste fuel ratio gradually increased, the use of solid waste incineration approach, using its energy has become a necessary trend to such treatment, solid waste, small footprint, large capacity, in the protection of environment, incineration plant more than 10 million people in big cities, and with energy recovery systems. Tension due to land in Japan, the use of incineration increased gradually, the burning process can be used to obtain the thermal power generation, heat production by burning stove, can be used for residential heating, used to maintain the greenhouse temperature and so on. Annually in Japan and Switzerland, more than 65% of the urban waste incinerated leaving renewable energy. However, incineration has drawbacks, such as the investment is large, the secondary pollution caused by exhaust gas incineration process, equipment, and other serious corrosion. Pyrolysis is the organic matter in anaerobic or hypoxic conditions of high temperature (500 ℃ -1000 ℃) heated to decomposition of the gas, liquid, solid three types of product, compared with incineration, pyrolysis law is more promising treatment method, which the most significant advantage is less investment in infrastructure. 6. Biological Treatment Biological treatment is the use of microbial decomposition of organic solid wastes to harmless of organic solid waste can be converted to energy, food, feed and fertilizer, can also be used to extract from the metal scrap and waste is solidified waste resources effective technology and methods, used widely at present are: composting, biogas, waste saccharification of cellulose, waste fiber feed, biological leaching and so on.
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The use of solid waste
The value of solid waste recycling If the waste separation and recovery, will be entitled to a wide range of resource utilization of the multiplier effect. Classification depends on the degree of recycling and garbage accumulation, solid waste recycling has major historical significance. Solid wastes are mainly three kinds of ways: 1, waste recycling: includes the separate collection, sorting and recycling. 2, the waste-to-use: the adoption of certain technologies, the use of waste in the form of some components of the system for new substances. Such as microbial decomposition of the garbage can composting organic fertilizer production; with engraved plastic pyrolysis production of gasoline or diesel. 3, waste-to-energy: the conversion by chemical or biological release of latent energy waste and be recycled. Such as waste incineration or landfill gas power generation, power generation.
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English Expression
: solid waste
Related Phrases
regulate
Containing Phrases
solid waste regulate
danger solid waste
solid waste contaminate
industry solid waste
Solid waste Exploit change into
Community Solid waste contaminate
Solid waste contaminate reach prevention and cure
digging Solid waste contaminate
City prototype Solid waste exploit change into engineering
Solid waste Flame reach Tail gas cleaner technologies
Ground and Solid waste Monitoring analyze technology
The people's republic of china Solid waste contaminate Environment Prevention and cure law
Wushan county innovation Solid waste Dispose factory