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目錄
繁異體:  (???? ????)拼音: gēn部首: 
 
總筆畫: 10部外筆畫: 6UTF-8: E6 A0 B9
 
UTF-16: 6839UTF-32: 00006839GB 2312: 2489
 
GB 12345: 2489Big 5: AEDA倉頡: DAV
 
四角碼: 4793.2一字全碼: gen1mugen一字雙碼: gemuge
 
一字單碼: gmg漢字結構: 左(中)右漢字層次: 5
 
筆畫: 一丨丿㇏????一一????丿㇏筆順編號: 1234511534筆順讀寫: 橫竪撇捺折橫橫折撇捺
 
他人筆順: 1234511534
 
部件組構: 木(十(一丨)八(丿㇏))艮(彐(????二(一一))????丿㇏)
 
簡單解釋
植物根茎
  
  gēn
  高等植物莖幹下部長在土裏的部分:植。莖。瘤。毛。雕。須。塊。紮。葉落歸
  物體的基部和其他東西連着的部分:底。基。墻兒。
  事物的本源:源。由。本。知知底。
  徹底:除。究。治。
  依據,作為本:椐。
  量詞,指長條的東西:兩筷子。
  數學上稱一數開平方所得的值為“平方”,開立方所得的值為“立方”。
  數學上指代數方程式內未知數的值。
  化學上指帶電的基:氨。硫酸
  
  筆畫數:10;
  部首:木;
  筆順編號:1234511534


  Stems of higher plants under root gēn Minister in the earth part: rooted. Roots. Nodules. Root hairs. Root carving. Fibrous roots. Roots. Roots. Returning to their roots. Objects attached to the base and some other things: foundation. Foundation. Foot of children. The origin of things: roots. Root cause. Fundamental. Know too much. Completely: the eradication. Final. Radical. Basis, as the fundamental: As noted. Quantifiers, something that long: two chopsticks. Said a number of mathematical square root from the value of "square root" of cubic income is "cube root." Algebraic equations in mathematics refers to the value of the unknown. Charged based on the means of chemical: ammonia root. Sulfate. Stroke: 10; radicals: wood; stroke order code: 1234511534
詳細解釋
  
  gēn
  【名】
  (形聲。從木,艮(gèn)聲。本義:草木之)
  植物生長於土中或水中吸收營養的部分〖root〗
  ,木株也。——《說文》
  蔓,直為柢。——《說文通訓定聲》
  深,則視久。——《韓非子·解老》
  是謂深、固柢。——《老子》
  有株於下,有榮葉於上。——《論衡·超奇》
  其無宿者,候苗成而未有花時采,則生已足而又未衰。——宋·瀋括《夢溪筆談》
  斯亦伐以求木茂,塞源而欲流長也。——唐·魏徵《諫太宗十思疏》
  又如:荄(。荄:草;又指本,源);茇(植物的部);柢(草木的);垓(核。植物的;植)
  事物的本源,由,依據〖origin;source;cause;root〗
  ,始也。——《廣雅·釋詁一》
  者,書之所謂柢也。——《韓非子·解老》
  萬物有所生,而獨知守其。——《淮南子·原道》
  蓋志士仁人所為心者也。——《後漢書·宋弘傳》
  然病之生也,有有柢。——陳亮《與彭子壽祭酒》
  近歲市人轉相摹刻諸子百傢之書,……其文詞學術當倍蓰於昔人,而後生科舉之士,皆束書不觀,遊談無,此又何也?——宋·蘇軾《李君山房記》
  又如:禍(禍事的源;引起災禍的人或事物);淺門微(基淺,門第低微);兒(本);氣(基。指稟賦、氣質);兒裏(本;本來);苗(兆頭,開頭)
  物體的下部,基部〖base;foot〗
  滿庭田地濕,薺葉生墻。——唐·白居易《早春》
  又如:下(物體的基附近);墻;堤;前(跟前)
  痼疾〖chronicillness〗
  自去夏侵暑,入此秋變,頭齒眩疼,痼漸劇。——《宋書·顔延之傳·自陳表》
  又如:疵(痼疾)
  佛學名詞。佛傢能産生感覺、善惡觀念的機體或精神力量〖nature〗。如:器(佛教以木比喻天性叫做“”。能雕刻叫做“器”,泛指稟賦);力(指五和五力);門(六漏出種種煩惱,進入種種妄塵的門戶,故稱為“門”);緣(人的性與境遇的緣務)
  數學名詞。代數方程中未知數的值,或稱代數方程式的解;方的簡稱〖root〗
  化學名詞。即帶電的基〖radical〗。如:硫酸;氨
  延續後代的子孫〖offspring〗
  夏堪……零陵太守之嗣也。——《相府小史夏堪碑》
  又如:嗣(長子);譜(猶族史);祖(祖宗)
  
  
  gēn
  【動】?
  植〖root〗
  半生無着,飄轉如斷梗。——金·元好問《出京》詩
  又如:着(植於地)
  杜絶;除〖eradicate〗
  若攻之不,是養疾痾於心腹也。——《後漢書·西羌傳論》
  又如:
  究;追究〖pursue〗
  其己為民間侵耕地土,更不究,蓋以本議欲以見在牧地,給與民耕,豈可卻究己耕之地,重為搔擾。——宋·歐陽修《論牧馬草地剳子》
  又如:勘(徹底查究);究着實(追究底,打聽清楚);刷(颳,徹底清查;徹底搜求);窮(徹底追查)
  通“跟”〖follow〗。如:尋(跟蹤查找);捕(跟蹤緝捕);索(跟蹤,搜求或追查)
  
  gēn
  【量】
  用於條形物〖piece〗。如:一竹竿;三電綫桿
  具有適合一定目的的長度、強度或結構的綫、紗、帶、繩、金屬絲或電纜的數目〖strand〗。如:一帶刺的鐵絲網綫也沒有
  
  
  gēnběn
  〖root〗比喻事物的本源、
  兩種教義在本上是一致的
  水、土是農業的
  他們的思想,從本上說,並沒有超出宋儒理學。——《事事關心》
  
  gēnběn
  〖basic;fundamental〗基礎或本質
  本原因
  本的基礎學科,就是研究物質運動基本規律的物理,加上作科學技術工具的數學。——《現代自然科學中的基礎學科》
  
  gēnběn
  〖atall〗∶完全
  我本就不贊成你的主張
  〖simply〗∶簡直;從來
  奴隸主本不把奴隸當人看待
  這種事我本沒幹過
  〖thoroughly〗∶徹底
  必須本改變這裏的落後面貌
  
  gēnbù
  〖rootage〗∶充分發育了的係統;牢固的生
  〖rootsegment〗∶覆蓋結構程序的主段或控製段。一般總是常駐在計算機主存儲器內——亦稱“基段”
  〖root〗∶使器官或生理結構附於身體的那個部分
  
  gēnchā
  〖rootcutting〗某些植物的繁殖方法,把它們的切成幾段插入或埋入泥土中,就能長成幾株獨立植物體。如蒲公英
  
  gēnchú
  〖rootout;remove;eliminate;eradicate〗徹底消滅
  用飛機噴藥除麥田雜草和病蟲害
  除隱患
  
  gēndǐ
  〖foundation;basis〗∶事物賴以建立的基礎;事物得以成立或受到支持的
  墻上蘆葦,頭重腳輕底淺
  他的英文底不錯
  〖background〗∶底細
  你瞭解這人的底嗎?
  追問
  
  gēndì
  〖rootandbase〗∶植株的和蒂
  〖cause〗∶事物發展的本或初始點;
  人生無蒂,飄如陌上塵。——晉·陶淵明《雜詩》八首之一
  
  gēndiāo
  〖rootcarving〗以樹為材料進行雕刻的藝術,也指用樹雕刻成的工藝品
  
  gēnduān
  〖butt〗
  植物的端部,須由此伸出(如樹幹底部);木材的大頭
  木條、片、桿、板或瓦的厚的一端
  梯子的沉重的一端或底端
  主莖或細枝與開花一端相對的一端
  蘆筍的
  
  gēngù
  〖roothold〗植物通過生長和分佈固定在土壤裏
  
  gēnhào
  〖radicalsign〗∶置於某一表示式之前的記號,表示要對此表示式取平方(如a,a+b,2),如在此記號前再加一個指標,則表示要取另一個相應的(如加指標3便表示取立方)
  〖radical〗∶數學上一種的表示式
  
  gēnjī
  〖foundation;basis〗基礎
  恪新秉國政,而內無其主,不念撫恤上下以立基,競於外事,虐用其民,……其恪獲罪之日也。——《三國志·魏志·鄧艾傳》
  房屋的基一定要打好
  基差
  也喻指傢底
  這傢工廠基薄,資金周轉十分睏難
  
  gēnjiao
  〖root;foundation〗∶植物或建築物的
  這座房子的腳很牢靠
  〖theinsandouts(ofamatter)〗∶底細;出身
  你須身姓劉,你妻須姓呂。把你兩傢兒腳從頭數。——《哨遍·高祖還鄉》
  
  gēnjīng
  〖root-stock;rhizome〗植物地下莖的一種,一般呈長形,橫着生長在地下,外形像,有節,沒有冠而有頂芽。如蓮、蘆葦等的地下莖
  
  gēnjiū
  〖makeathoroughinvestigationof;gottothebottomof〗尋窮究,追問到底
  究真相
  華大媽看他兒子和別人的墳,……便覺得心裏忽然感到一種不足和空虛,不願意究。——魯迅《藥》
  
  gēnjù
  〖foundation〗∶盤據。如樹木的紮深固
  據盤互,縱恣日甚。——《三國志》
  〖ground〗∶認識、信念、判决的依據
  說話要有
  
  gēnjù
  〖onthebasisof;accordingto〗把某種事物作為語言行動或得出結論的前提;按照
  我們還可以據雲上的光彩現象,推測天氣的情況。——《看雲識天氣》
  
  gēnjué
  〖eradicate〗
  連拔起(如雜草)
  拋棄(不需要的東西);徹底消滅
  
  gēnliú
  〖rootnodule〗在植物係上生長的特殊的瘤,因寄生組織中建成共生的固氮細菌而形成
  瘤菌
  gēnliújūn
  〖rootnodulebacteria〗一種細菌,能使豆科植物的部形成瘤,製造含氮的化合物,供植物利用。如花生瘤菌、大豆瘤菌等。農業上用瘤菌拌種,使作物增産
  
  gēnmàn
  〖cause〗植物的和莖,比喻某事發生的
  
  gēnmiáo
  〖rootandshoot〗∶植物的和最初破土長出的部分
  〖source〗∶事物的源、由來
  從理論上鏟除極端民主化的
  〖offspring〗∶指傳宗接代的子孫
  他可是李傢唯一的後代苗,父母視為掌上明珠
  皮,
  gēnpí,gēnbèi
  〖velamen〗蘭花氣的多層木栓樣上皮覆蓋,呈白色或緑色,由排列緊密的死細胞組成,能從大氣中吸收水分
  深蒂固
  gēnshēn-dìgù
  〖fast;firm;durable〗∶基牢固,不可動搖
  銀杏樹深蒂固,抗風力很強,是擴大緑化面積、治理山河的優良樹種
  〖inveterate;deepseated〗∶已變成性格的中心,難於或不能改變、減少或消滅
  深蒂固的惡習
  他這種輕視群衆的錯誤觀念,為什麽會如此深蒂固呢?
  深葉茂
  gēnshēn-yèmào
  〖Deeprootsgiverisetoflourshingleaves〗樹紮得深,枝葉就繁茂旺盛。比喻事物衹要基厚實,就會有廣阔的發展前景
  
  gēnshì
  〖radicalexpression〗一種含號的數學表示式
  
  gēnxì
  〖rootsystem〗∶指植物的主和所有側,一般分為須係和直係兩類
  〖offspringsystem〗∶同祖的係統
  
  gēnyá
  〖budgrownfromtheroot〗從植物的上長出來的幼芽。芽出土後,經過移植,可以成為獨立的植物體
  
  gēnyóu
  〖cause;origin〗源。原因
  追問
  他他他,懷着幾年的怨恨,倚着蓋世的纔名,來尋問俺往日的由。——《元麯選·鄭廷玉·楚昭公》
  
  gēnyuán
  〖root〗∶使事物發生的本原因
  犯錯誤的
  〖risefrom;originatefrom〗∶起源(於);發生(於)
  經濟危機源於資本主義制度
  
  gēnzhí
  〖root;cause;source〗代替方程式中的未知數而解出方程式的那個值
  指數
  gēnzhǐshù
  〖indexofaradical〗記在號左上角以指明開方次數的數
  
  gēnzhū
  〖stool〗
  同莖的一枝或一群樹幹,尤指與吸或水發芽有關的枝幹
  植物的和主幹部分
  壯葉茂
  gēnzhuàng-yèmào
  〖therootisstrongandleavesaremany〗樹的部壯大粗實,枝葉就繁茂旺盛。比喻基堅牢,發展前景就不可限量
  但能養精神,調元氣,吞津液,液精內固,乃生榮華,喻樹壯葉茂,開花結實,胞孕佳味,異殊常品。——《應笈七簽》
  
  gēnzhì
  〖radicalcure;cureoncefor〗∶徹底治好(指災害,疾病)
  治切除術
  治黃河
  〖traceandtry〗∶也指徹底追究審理
  伏望聖慈,盡將臺諫官章疏降付有司,令盡理治,依法施行。——宋·蘇軾《乞將章疏降付有司剳子》
  
  gēnzi
  〖root;source;origin〗事物的本原,


  Root
  gēn
  【Name】
  (Phonetic. From wood, Burgundy (gèn) sound. Original meaning: grass roots)
  Plants grown in soil or water absorption of some nutrients〗 〖root
  Root, wood plants as well. - "Said the text"
  Man-root is the root, taproot to analysis. - "Said Wen Tong training _set_ sound"
  Deep-rooted, then, as a long time. - "Han Fei old solution"
  Is that the deep roots, solid analysis. - "I"
  Rooted plants in the next, there are leaves on the wing. - "Lun Heng Chao Qi"
  The non-perennial who has not spent waiting when the seedlings into the mining, then the root is enough but not bad. - Song Shen Kuo, "Meng Xi Bi Tan"
  Adams also stump of wood in order to Mao, who intends to plug the source stream are long. - Tang Wei Zheng "admonish Taizong ten think Shu"
  Another example: root roots of plant (roots. Roots of plant: roots; also said that the fundamental root causes); root longum (roots of plants); foundation in (grass roots); root boundary (the root core. The roots; rooted)
  The origin of things, root cause, according to 〖origin; source; cause; root〗
  Root, the starting point. - "Ya-Guang Gu release a"
  Roots are, the book is also the so-called analysis. - "Han Fei old solution"
  Everything has to live, and keep the roots alone knows. - "Huai Tao"
  Cover with high ideals of the heart are also the root. - "Spreading the Later Han Song"
  However, students are also disease, being rooted and analysis. - Chen Liang "and Peng Zishou libation"
  Nearly year-old city man turns phase inscription philosophers of the book, ... ... the word academic paper on the Xiren when times Xi, then examination of students with disabilities, the book is not all beam concept, travel about without roots, how can this? - Su Song, "Li Jun Shan Fang Ji"
  Another example: the seeds (the source of calamity; caused by evil people or things); the door slightly shallow roots (roots shallow, the first door low); stalk (basic); root gas (foundation. Refers to the endowment, temperament); stalk in (do; originally); rooted (sign, at the beginning)
  The lower part of the object, base 〖base; foot〗
  Summary report wet field, water chestnut leaves foot of the wall of Health. - Tang Bai "Early Spring"
  Another example: the root (near the foundation of the object); foot of the wall; dike root; root before (front)
  Chronic〗 〖chronicillness
  Since the invasion last summer summer, fall into this change, the first tooth dizzy pain, root inveterate gradually drama. - "Song Chen Yan Yan Chuan from the table"
  Another example: the root defects (chronic)
  Buddhist terms. Buddhism can produce feelings, good and evil ideas of the body or the spiritual force〗 〖nature. Such as: root device (the Buddhist metaphor of nature, the wood is called "root." Root carving called "control" generally refers to endowment); root edge (of five and five power); root of the door (six leaking all sorts of worries, jump into the various Dust portal, so called "root Gate"); root edge (and the situation of human root edge of service)
  Mathematical terms. Algebraic equations in unknown values, or the solution of algebraic equations; root root〗 〖short
  Chemical terms. The base is charged〗 〖radical. Such as: sulfate; ammonia root
  Continuation of the sons of future offspring〗 〖
  Xia Lingling Prefecture worthy ... ... the root of Si also. - "A Short History of Xiangfu monument worthy of the summer"
  Another example: the root heir (eldest son); root spectrum (Utah family history); ancestral roots (ancestors)
  Root
  gēn
  【Activity】?
  〗 〖Root root
  A half-rootless, floating transfer, such as broken stems. - Gold Yuan, "the Beijing" Poetry
  Another example: the root with (rooted in the ground)
  Stop; eradicate eradicate〗 〖
  If the attack is not the root, is the sick ills in the confidant as well. - "Biography of the Later Han Xiqiang"
  Another example: Roots
  After all; held pursue〗 〖
  The soil has been cultivated for civil transgression, much less final, trying to use cover to see this proposal in the pasture to give the people farming, how can they have cultivated the final analysis, the weight of harassment. - Song Xiu "On the Wrangler lawn Da Zi"
  Another example: the root survey (complete inquiries); final really (get to the bottom, find out about); root brush (root scraping, a thorough inventory; thoroughly for hidden); root poor (complete track)
  Links "with the" follow〗 〖. Such as: root search (search track); root catch (tracking arrest); root index (track, for hidden or tracing)
  Root
  gēn
  【Content】
  〗 〖Piece for the bar thing. Such as: a bamboo pole; three poles
  For a certain length with the purpose, strength or structure of the line, yarn, tape, rope, wire or cable, the number of〗 〖strand. Such as: a line of barbed wire and no
  Fundamental
  gēnběn
  〗 〖Root metaphor of the origin of things, the foundation
  Two doctrines are fundamentally the same
  Water, soil is the fundamental agricultural
  Their thoughts, fundamentally speaking, does not exceed the Song of Science. - "Every concern"
  Fundamental
  gēnběn
  〖Basic; fundamental basis or nature of〗
  Root cause
  Fundamental basic science is to study the basic laws of motion of matter physics, coupled with the mathematical tools for science and technology. - "The foundation of modern natural science disciplines"
  Fundamental
  gēnběn
  〗 〖Atall: complete
  I did not agree with your ideas
  〗 〖Simply: just; never
  Slave owners did not take slaves as human beings
  I had not done such a thing
  〗 〖Thoroughly: thoroughly
  There must be fundamental change in the backward
  Root
  gēnbù
  〗 〖Rootage: a fully developed root system; solid rooting
  〗 〖Rootsegment: structure of the program covers the main section or the control section. Permanent General is always the main memory in the computer - also known as "the foundation of paragraph"
  〗 〖Root: the organ or physiological structure attached to that part of the body
  Root cuttings
  gēnchā
  〗 〖Rootcutting propagation of certain plants, root them into paragraphs _insert_ed or buried in the soil, several strains able to grow into independent plants. Such as dandelion
  Eradicate
  gēnchú
  〖Rootout; remove; eliminate; eradicate eradicate〗
  Aircraft spraying weed and pest eradication
  Eradicate hidden dangers
  Foundation
  gēndǐ
  〖Foundation; basis〗: the basis upon which to build things; things to be supported in accordance with established or
  Reed walls, top-heavy shallow foundation
  He's a good foundation in English
  〗 〖Background: bottom line
  You know this man's foundation it?
  Asked foundation
  Pedicle
  gēndì
  〗 〖Rootandbase: plant roots and pedicle
  〗 〖Cause: the development of the fundamental things or the initial point; root cause
  A life without a pedicle, such as Mo floating dust. - Jin Tao "Miscellaneous Poems," one of eight
  Root Carving
  gēndiāo
  〗 〖Rootcarving roots for the material to the art of carving, but also refers to the roots of art carved
  Root end
  gēnduān
  〗 〖Butt
  End of the plant, which roots out (such as the base of the tree); bulk timber
  Wood, sheets, rods, plates or tiles of the thick end of the
  One end of the ladder or the bottom of the heavy
  Blossom end of the main stem or twig with one end of the relative
  Asparagus root end
  Solid Roots
  gēngù
  〗 〖Roothold root growth and distribution of plants through fixed in the soil
  Radical
  gēnhào
  〗 〖Radicalsign: put a mark before the expression, that expression to take the square root of this (such as a, a + b, 2), if coupled with a target before this token, then take another corresponding to root (such as adding index access will mean that the cube root of 3)
  〗 〖Radical: a mathematical expression for the root
  Foundation
  gēnjī
  〖Foundation; basis based〗
  New Bingguo Zheng Ke, which is no the Lord, do not read from top to bottom in order to establish the foundation of pension, competing in foreign affairs, child with its people, ... ... the day that the Ke convicted. - "Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi Deng Ai Biography"
  We must lay the foundations of houses
  Poor foundation
  Also a metaphor for family property
  The plant roots thin, very difficult cash flow
  Root feet
  gēnjiao
  〖Root; foundation〗: plant or building foundation
  The house is very solid foot root
  〖Theinsandouts (ofamatter)〗: bottom line; origin
  You have to body surnamed Liu, you must name his wife Lu. The root of your two children a few feet from the ground. - "Post over the emperor Return of the Native"
  Rhizome
  gēnjīng
  〖Root-stock; rhizome〗 underground stem of a plant, generally elongated, sideways growth in the ground, looks like a root, and with restraint, not shoot while the terminal bud. Such as the lotus, reed rhizome, etc.
  Final
  gēnjiū
  〖Makeathoroughinvestigationof; gottothebottomof〗 roots read all the documents, ask in the end
  After all the truth
  Mother of China and others to see the grave of his son, ... ... suddenly felt a heart will feel inadequate and empty, do not want final. - Lu Xun's "Medicine"
  According to
  gēnjù
  〗 〖Foundation: drive data. Deep-rooted trees such as solid
  According to drive each other, even on vertical pleases. - "Three Kingdoms"
  〗 〖Ground: understanding, beliefs, judgments based on
  Words must be based on
  According to
  gēnjù
  〖Onthebasisof; accordingto〗 the language of action or a thing as a prerequisite for drawing conclusions; in accordance with the
  We can also cloud the glory phenomenon, suggesting that the weather situation. - "Clouds know the weather"
  Eradicate
  gēnjué
  〗 〖Eradicate
  Uprooted (eg weeds)
  Discard (do not need anything); complete elimination
  Nodule
  gēnliú
  〗 〖Rootnodule growth in plant roots on the special tumor tissues by parasitic bacteria into the formation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation
  Rhizobium
  gēnliújūn
  〗 〖Rootnodulebacteria a bacterium, enabling the formation of root nodules of leguminous plants, manufacture of nitrogen compounds for plant use. Such as peanut rhizobia, Rhizobium japonicum and so on. Rhizobia seed dressing with agriculture, the crop yield
  Root Man
  gēnmàn
  〗 〖Cause the roots and stems of plants, the root metaphor for something to happen
  Rooted
  gēnmiáo
  〗 〖Rootandshoot: plant roots and grow some of the initial ground-breaking
  〗 〖Source: the source of things, the origin
  Eradicate extreme theory of democratization in the ROC
  〗 〖Offspring: refers to the descendants of the family line
  However, the only offspring of his rooted Lee, daughter of the parents as
  Root bark, roots were
  gēnpí, gēnbèi
  〗 〖Velamen orchid aerial roots of the multi-cork-like epithelial covering, white or green, from the death of tightly packed cells, absorb moisture from the atmosphere
  Deep-rooted
  gēnshēn-dìgù
  〖Fast; firm; durable〗: the foundation of a solid, unshakable
  Ginkgo tree deep-rooted, very strong wind, is to expand the green areas, good governance trees mountains and rivers
  〖Inveterate; deepseated〗: has become a central character, it is difficult or can not change, reduce or eliminate
  Deep-rooted bad habits
  He despised the people the misconception that, why would so deep it?
  Deeply rooted
  gēnshēn-yèmào
  〗 〖Deeprootsgiveri_set_oflourshingleaves roots strike a deep, lush foliage on strong. Thick of things as long as the foundation of metaphor, there will be a bright future
  Radical expression
  gēnshì
  〗 〖Radicalexpression a root containing a mathematical expression
  Root
  gēnxì
  〗 〖Rootsystem: a plant's root and all the lateral roots and be generally divided into two types of direct root
  〗 〖Offspringsystem: the system with the ancestors
  Root to shoot
  gēnyá
  〗 〖Budgrownfromtheroot plant roots from the shoots grow. Root to shoot unearthed, after transplantation, can become an independent plant
  Root cause
  gēnyóu
  〖Cause; origin〗 roots. Reason
  Asked the root causes of
  He he he, With years of bitterness, leaning against unrivaled Cai Ming, from either the past I asked the root. - "Yuan election Zhengting Yu Chu Zhaogong"
  Source
  gēnyuán
  〗 〖Root: the root causes to make things happen
  The root causes of mistakes
  〖Risefrom; originatefrom〗: Origins (in); occurred (in)
  Economic crisis rooted in the capitalist system
  Root value
  gēnzhí
  〖Root; cause; source〗 equation instead of unknowns and solve for that value equation
  Root Index
  gēnzhǐshù
  〗 〖Indexofaradical recorded in the root of the number of upper-left corner to indicate the number of prescribing
  Root strain
  gēnzhū
  〗 〖Stool
  Or a group with roots of a tree trunk, especially with suckers sprouting on the branches or water
  Part of plant roots and trunk
  Root Zhuang Ye Mao
  gēnzhuàng-yèmào
  〗 〖Therootisstrongandleavesaremany thick solid growth of tree roots, lush foliage on strong. Yu Genji fastness than the development prospects for unlimited
  But it can raise the spirit, tone strength, swallowing saliva, fluid within the solid fine, is raw glory, Yu Zhuang Ye Mao roots, flowering and fruiting, cell pregnant good taste, often different special items. - "Sign should be Ji Qi"
  Radical
  gēnzhì
  〖Radicalcure; cureoncefor〗: completely cured (refer to disasters, disease)
  Radical resection
  Radical of the Yellow River
  〗 〖Traceandtry: also referred for further investigation hearing
  V Holy look kind and make the down payment Yousi Taiwan Advisors Zhang Shu, so to make reasonable cure, according to the law implementation. - Song Su "beg to pay down Yousi Da Zhang Shu Zi"
  Root
  gēnzi
  〖Root; source; origin〗 primitive things, causes
更多簡解
  
  (形聲。從木,艮聲。本義草木之)
  植物生長於土中或水中吸收營養的部分
  ,木株也。--《說文》
  蔓,直為柢。--《說文通訓定聲》
  深,則視久。--《韓非子·解老》
  是謂深、固柢。--《老子》
  有株於下,有榮葉於上。--《論衡·超奇》
  其無宿者,候苗成而未有花時采,則生已足而又未衰。--宋·瀋括《夢溪筆談》
  斯亦伐以求木茂,塞源而欲流長也。--唐·魏徵《諫太宗十思疏》
  又如莇(。莇草;又指本,源);茇(植物的部);柢(草木的);垓(核。植物的;植)
  事物的本源,
  gēn
  ⒈高等植物的營養器官之一。有固養植物體和支持其地上的部分,吸收土壤裏的水和溶解在水裏的無機????,貯藏養料等之作用小草~。大樹~。直~(如甜菜、嚮日癸的
  。須~(如稻、麥的)。塊~(如蘿蔔、土豆的可吃部分)。〈引〉
  ①基部,基礎~柢。~基。~本。~蒂。牙~兒。舌~兒。
  ②事物或事情的本源~源。窮~。禍~。尋~究底。
  ③徹底~治。~除。~絶。
  ④憑證,依據~據。存~。
  ⑤〈喻〉後代兒孫他是李傢的獨~。
  ⒉量詞。指長條狀物兩~火柴。三~塑料繩。
  ⒊數學名詞
  ①代數方程式內未知數的值。
  ②
  ⒋化學上稱帶電的基硫酸~。碳酸氫~。


  Root (phonetic. From wood, Burgundy sound. The original meaning of grass roots) of plants grown in soil or water, some of the root absorption of nutrients, wood plants as well. - "Wen said," Man-Root is the root, taproot for the analysis. - "Said Wen Tong training _set_ sound" deep-rooted, then as long. - "Han Fei old solution" is that the deep roots, solid analysis. - "I" has the root line in the next, there are leaves on the wing. - "Super Qi Lun Heng," The non-perennial who has not spent waiting when the seedlings into the mining, then the root is enough but not bad. - Song Shen Kuo, "Meng Xi Bi Tan," Adams also stump of wood in order to Mao, who intends to plug the source stream are long. - Tang Wei Zheng "admonish Taizong ten think Shu" Another example is the root of Zhu (roots. Zhu grass; and refers to the fundamental root causes); root longum (roots of plants); foundation in (grass roots); root boundary (the root nucleus. the roots; rooted in) the origin of things, the root gēn ⒈ vegetative organs of higher plants. With solid objects and support on raising some of the ground, the soil absorbs water and salts dissolved in the water, storage of nutrients such as the role of grass ~. Tree ~. Direct ~ (such as sugar beet, the root of Japanese capric). To be ~ (such as rice and wheat root). Block ~ (such as carrots, potatoes to eat some). <Argument> ① base, base ~ analysis. ~ Base. ~ The. ~ Di. Dental ~ child. Tongue ~ children. ② origin of things or things ~ source. Poor ~. Evil ~. Search ~ study end. ③ completely ~ Governance. ~ In addition. ~ Never. ④ certificate, according to the ~. Save ~. ⑤ <YU> future children and grandchildren he was the sole Li ~. ⒉ quantifier. Refers to the two long strips ~ matches. C ~ plastic rope. ⒊ ① algebraic equations in mathematical terms the value of the unknown. ② ⒋ said chemically charged Sulfate ~. Bicarbonate ~.
更多詳解
   gen
  部首 木 部首筆畫 04 總筆畫 10
  
  base;cause;radicel;radicle;radix;root;rootage;
  
  gēn
  (1)
  (形聲。從木,艮(gèn)聲。本義草木之)
  (2)
  植物生長於土中或水中吸收營養的部分 [root]
  ,木株也。--《說文》
  蔓,直為柢。--《說文通訓定聲》
  深,則視久。--《韓非子·解老》
  是謂深、固柢。--《老子》
  有株於下,有榮葉於上。--《論衡·超奇》
  其無宿者,候苗成而未有花時采,則生已足而又未衰。--宋·瀋括《夢溪筆談》
  斯亦伐以求木茂,塞源而欲流長也。--唐·魏徵《諫太宗十思疏》
  (3)
  又如莇(。莇草;又指本,源);茇(植物的部);柢(草木的);垓(核。植物的;植)
  (4)
  事物的本源,由,依據 [origin;source;cause;root]
  ,始也。--《廣雅·釋詁一》
  者,書之所謂柢也。--《韓非子·解老》
  萬物有所生,而獨知守其。--《淮南子·原道》
  蓋志士仁人所為心者也。--《後漢書·宋弘傳》
  然病之生也,有有柢。--陳亮《與彭子壽祭酒》
  近歲市人轉相摹刻諸子百傢之書,……其文詞學術當倍蓰於昔人,而後生科舉之士,皆束書不觀,遊談無,此又何也?--宋·蘇軾《李君山房記》
  (5)
  又如禍(禍事的源;引起災禍的人或事物);淺門微(基淺,門第低微);兒(本);氣(基。指稟賦、氣質);兒裏(本;本來);苗(兆頭,開頭)
  (6)
  物體的下部,基部 [base;foot]
  滿庭田地濕,薺葉生墻。--唐·白居易《早春》
  (7)
  又如下(物體的基附近);墻;堤;前(跟前)
  (8)
  痼疾 [chronic illness]
  自去夏侵暑,入此秋變,頭齒眩疼,痼漸劇。--《宋書·顔延之傳·自陳表》
  (9)
  又如疵(痼疾)
  (10)
  佛學名詞。佛傢能産生感覺、善惡觀念的機體或精神力量 [nature]。如器(佛教以木比喻天性叫做”。能雕刻叫做器”,泛指稟賦);力(指五和五力);門(六漏出種種煩惱,進入種種妄塵的門戶,故稱為門”);緣(人的性與境遇的緣務)
  (11)
  數學名詞。代數方程中未知數的值,或稱代數方程式的解;方的簡稱 [root]
  (12)
  化學名詞。即帶電的基 [radical]。如硫酸;氨
  (13)
  延續後代的子孫 [offspring]
  夏堪……零陵太守之嗣也。--《相府小史夏堪碑》
  (14)
  又如嗣(長子);譜(猶族史);祖(祖宗)
  
  gēn
  犢
  (1)
  植 [root]
  半生無着,飄轉如斷梗。--金·元好問《出京》詩
  (2)
  又如着(植於地)
  (3)
  杜絶;除 [eradicate]
  若攻之不,是養疾痾於心腹也。--《後漢書·西羌傳論》
  (4)
  又如
  (5)
  究;追究 [pursue]
  其己為民間侵耕地土,更不究,蓋以本議欲以見在牧地,給與民耕,豈可卻究己耕之地,重為搔擾。--宋·歐陽修《論牧馬草地剳子》
  (6)
  又如勘(徹底查究);究着實(追究底,打聽清楚);刷(颳,徹底清查;徹底搜求);窮(徹底追查)
  (7)
  通跟” [follow]。如尋(跟蹤查找);捕(跟蹤緝捕);索(跟蹤,搜求或追查)
  
  gēn
  (1)
  用於條形物 [piece]。如一竹竿;三電綫桿
  (2)
  具有適合一定目的的長度、強度或結構的綫、紗、帶、繩、金屬絲或電纜的數目 [strand]。如一帶刺的鐵絲網綫也沒有
  
  gēnběn
  [root] 比喻事物的本源、
  兩種教義在本上是一致的
  水、土是農業的
  他們的思想,從本上說,並沒有超出宋儒理學。--《事事關心》
  
  gēnběn
  [basic;fundamental] 基礎或本質
  本原因
  本的基礎學科,就是研究物質運動基本規律的物理,加上作科學技術工具的數學。--《現代自然科學中的基礎學科》
  
  gēnběn
  (1)
  [at all]∶完全
  我本就不贊成你的主張
  (2)
  [simply]∶簡直;從來
  奴隸主本不把奴隸當人看待
  這種事我本沒幹過
  (3)
  [thoroughly]∶徹底
  必須本改變這裏的落後面貌
  
  gēnbù
  (1)
  [rootage]∶ 充分發育了的係統;牢固的生
  (2)
  [root segment]∶覆蓋結構程序的主段或控製段。一般總是常駐在計算機主存儲器內--亦稱基段”
  (3)
  [root]∶使器官或生理結構附於身體的那個部分
  
  gēnchā
  [root cutting] 某些植物的繁殖方法,把它們的切成幾段插入或埋入泥土中,就能長成幾株獨立植物體。如蒲公英
  
  gēnchú
  [root out;remove;eliminate;eradicate] 徹底消滅
  用飛機噴藥除麥田雜草和病蟲害
  除隱患
  
  gēndǐ
  (1)
  [foundation;basis]∶事物賴以建立的基礎;事物得以成立或受到支持的
  墻上蘆葦,頭重腳輕底淺
  他的英文底不錯
  (2)
  [background]∶底細
  你瞭解這人的底嗎?
  追問
  
  gēndì
  (1)
  [root and base]∶植株的和蒂
  (2)
  [cause]∶事物發展的本或初始點;
  人生無蒂,飄如陌上塵。--晉·陶淵明《雜詩》八首之一
  
  gēndiāo
  [root carving] 以樹為材料進行雕刻的藝術,也指用樹雕刻成的工藝品
  
  gēnduān
  (1)
  [butt]
  (2)
  植物的端部,須由此伸出(如樹幹底部);木材的大頭
  (3)
  木條、片、桿、板或瓦的厚的一端
  (4)
  梯子的沉重的一端或底端
  (5)
  主莖或細枝與開花一端相對的一端
  蘆筍的
  
  gēngù
  [roothold] 植物通過生長和分佈固定在土壤裏
  
  gēnhào
  (1)
  [radical sign]∶置於某一表示式之前的記號 ,表示要對此表示式取平方(如a,a+b,2),如在此記號前再加一個指標,則表示要取另一個相應的(如加指標3便表示取立方)
  (2)
  [radical]∶ 數學上一種的表示式
  
  gēnjī
  (1)
  [foundation;basis] 基礎
  恪新秉國政,而內無其主,不念撫恤上下以立基,競於外事,虐用其民,……其恪獲罪之日也。--《三國志·魏志·鄧艾傳》
  房屋的基一定要打好
  基差
  (2)
  也喻指傢底
  這傢工廠基薄,資金周轉十分睏難
  
  gēnjiɑo
  (1)
  [root;foundation]∶植物或建築物的
  這座房子的腳很牢靠
  (2)
  [the ins and outs(of a matter)]∶底細;出身
  你須身姓劉,你妻須姓呂。把你兩傢兒腳從頭數。--《哨遍·高祖還鄉》
  
  gēnjīng
  [root-stock;rhizome] 植物地下莖的一種,一般呈長形,橫着生長在地下,外形像,有節,沒有冠而有頂芽。如蓮、蘆葦等的地下莖
  
  gēnjiū
  [make a thorough investigation of;got to the bottom of] 尋窮究,追問到底
  究真相
  華大媽看他兒子和別人的墳,……便覺得心裏忽然感到一種不足和空虛,不願意究。--魯迅《藥》
  
  gēnjù
  (1)
  [foundation]∶盤據。如樹木的紮深固
  據盤互,縱恣日甚。--《三國志》
  (2)
  [ground]∶認識、信念、判决的依據
  說話要有
  
  gēnjù
  [on the basis of;according to] 把某種事物作為語言行動或得出結論的前提;按照
  我們還可以據雲上的光彩現象,推測天氣的情況。--《看雲識天氣》
  
  gēnjué
  (1)
  [eradicate]
  (2)
  連拔起(如雜草)
  (3)
  拋棄(不需要的東西);徹底消滅
  
  gēnliú
  [root nodule] 在植物係上生長的特殊的瘤,因寄生組織中建成共生的固氮細菌而形成
  瘤菌
  gēnliújūn
  [root nodule bacteria] 一種細菌,能使豆科植物的部形成瘤,製造含氮的化合物,供植物利用。如花生瘤菌、大豆瘤菌等。農業上用瘤菌拌種,使作物增産
  
  gēnmàn
  [cause] 植物的和莖,比喻某事發生的
  
  gēnmiáo
  (1)
  [root and shoot]∶植物的和最初破土長出的部分
  (2)
  [source]∶事物的源、由來
  從理論上鏟除極端民主化的
  (3)
  [offspring]∶指傳宗接代的子孫
  他可是李傢唯一的後代苗,父母視為掌上明珠
  皮,
  gēnpí,gēnbèi
  [velamen] 蘭花氣的多層木栓樣上皮覆蓋,呈白色或緑色,由排列緊密的死細胞組成,能從大氣中吸收水分
  深蒂固
  gēnshēn-dìgù
  (1)
  [fast;firm;durable]∶基牢固,不可動搖
  銀杏樹深蒂固,抗風力很強,是擴大緑化面積、治理山河的優良樹種
  (2)
  [inveterate;deepseated]∶ 已變成性格的中心,難於或不能改變、減少或消滅
  深蒂固的惡習
  他這種輕視群衆的錯誤觀念,為什麽會如此深蒂固呢?
  深葉茂
  gēnshēn-yèmào
  [deep roots give rise to flourshing leaves] 樹紮得深,枝葉就繁茂旺盛。比喻事物衹要基厚實,就會有廣阔的發展前景
  
  gēnshì
  [radical expression] 一種含號的數學表示式
  
  gēnxì
  (1)
  [root system]∶指植物的主和所有側,一般分為須係和直係兩類
  (2)
  [offspring system]∶同祖的係統
  
  gēnyá
  [bud grown from the root] 從植物的上長出來的幼芽。芽出土後,經過移植,可以成為獨立的植物體
  
  gēnyóu
  [cause;origin] 源。原因
  追問
  他他他,懷着幾年的怨恨,倚着蓋世的纔名,來尋問俺往日的由。--《元麯選·鄭廷玉·楚昭公》
  
  gēnyuán
  (1)
  [root]∶使事物發生的本原因
  犯錯誤的
  (2)
  [rise from;originate from]∶起源(於);發生(於)
  經濟危機源於資本主義制度
  
  gēnzhí
  [root;cause;source] 代替方程式中的未知數而解出方程式的那個值
  指數
  gēnzhǐshù
  [index of a radical] 記在號左上角以指明開方次數的數
  
  gēnzhū
  (1)
  [stool]
  (2)
  同莖的一枝或一群樹幹,尤指與吸或水發芽有關的枝幹
  (3)
  植物的和主幹部分
  壯葉茂
  gēnzhuàng-yèmào
  [the root is strong and leaves are many] 樹的部壯大粗實,枝葉就繁茂旺盛。比喻基堅牢,發展前景就不可限量
  但能養精神,調元氣,吞津液,液精內固,乃生榮華,喻樹壯葉茂,開花結實,胞孕佳味,異殊常品。--《應笈七簽》
  
  gēnzhì
  (1)
  [radical cure;cure once for]∶徹底治好(指災害,疾病)
  治切除術
  治黃河
  (2)
  [trace and try]∶也指徹底追究審理
  伏望聖慈,盡將臺諫官章疏降付有司,令盡理治,依法施行。--宋·蘇軾《乞將章疏降付有司剳子》
  
  gēnzi
  [root;source;origin] 事物的本原,
  
  gēn ㄍㄣˉ
  (1)
  高等植物莖幹下部長在土裏的部分~植。~莖。~瘤。~毛。~雕。須~。塊~。紮~。葉落歸~。
  (2)
  物體的基部和其他東西連着的部分~底。~基。墻~兒。
  (3)
  事物的本源~源。~由。~本。知~知底。
  (4)
  徹底~除。~究。~治。
  (5)
  依據,作為本~椐。
  (6)
  量詞,指長條的東西兩~筷子。
  (7)
  數學上稱一數開平方所得的值為平方”,開立方所得的值為立方”。
  (8)
  數學上指代數方程式內未知數的值。
  (9)
  化學上指帶電的基氨~。硫酸~。
  鄭碼fxo,u6839,gbkb8f9
  筆畫數10,部首木,筆順編號1234511534


  Root gen
  Radical Radical Wood 04 total strokes 10 strokes
  Root
  base; cause; radicel; radicle; radix; root; rootage;
  Root
  gēn
  (1)
  (Phonetic. From wood, Burgundy (gèn) sound. The original meaning of grass roots)
  (2)
  Plants grown in soil or water absorption of some nutrients [root]
  Root, wood plants as well. - "Said the text"
  Man-root is the root, taproot to analysis. - "Said Wen Tong training _set_ sound"
  Deep-rooted, then, as a long time. - "Han Fei old solution"
  Is that the deep roots, solid analysis. - "I"
  Rooted plants in the next, there are leaves on the wing. - "Lun Heng Chao Qi"
  The non-perennial who has not spent waiting when the seedlings into the mining, then the root is enough but not bad. - Song Shen Kuo, "Meng Xi Bi Tan"
  Adams also stump of wood in order to Mao, who intends to plug the source stream are long. - Tang Wei Zheng "admonish Taizong ten think Shu"
  (3)
  Another example is the root of Zhu (roots. Zhu grass; and refers to the fundamental root causes); root longum (roots of plants); foundation in (grass roots); root boundary (the root core. The roots; rooted)
  (4)
  The origin of things, root cause, according to [origin; source; cause; root]
  Root, the starting point. - "Ya-Guang Gu release a"
  Roots are, the book is also the so-called analysis. - "Han Fei old solution"
  Everything has to live, and keep the roots alone knows. - "Huai Tao"
  Cover with high ideals of the heart are also the root. - "Spreading the Later Han Song"
  However, students are also disease, being rooted and analysis. - Chen Liang "and Peng Zishou libation"
  Nearly year-old city man turns phase inscription philosophers of the book, ... ... the word academic paper on the Xiren when times Xi, then examination of students with disabilities, the book is not all beam concept, travel about without roots, how can this? - Su Song, "Li Jun Shan Fang Ji"
  (5)
  Another example is the curse (the root of calamity; caused by evil people or things); the door slightly shallow roots (roots shallow, the first door low); stalk (basic); root gas (foundation. Refers to the endowment, temperament); stalk in ( fundamental; original); rooted (sign, at the beginning)
  (6)
  The lower part of the object, base [base; foot]
  Summary report wet field, water chestnut leaves foot of the wall of Health. - Tang Bai "Early Spring"
  (7)
  Another example is the root (near the foundation of the object); foot of the wall; dike root; root before (front)
  (8)
  Chronic [chronic illness]
  Since the invasion last summer summer, fall into this change, the first tooth dizzy pain, root inveterate gradually drama. - "Song Chen Yan Yan Chuan from the table"
  (9)
  Another example is the root defect (chronic)
  (10)
  Buddhist terms. Buddhism can produce feelings, good and evil ideas of the body or the spiritual power [nature]. If the root device (the Buddhist nature of wood called the root metaphor. "Root carving called the device" generally refers to endowment); root edge (of five and five power); root of the door (six leakage of various troubles, all jump into the dust of the portal Therefore, the door is called the root "); root edge (and the situation of human root edge of service)
  (11)
  Mathematical terms. Algebraic equations in unknown values, or the solution of algebraic equations; short root [root]
  (12)
  Chemical terms. Charged that the base [radical]. Such as sulfate; ammonia root
  (13)
  Traced through generations [offspring]
  Xia Lingling Prefecture worthy ... ... the root of Si also. - "A Short History of Xiangfu monument worthy of the summer"
  (14)
  Another example is the root of heir (eldest son); root spectrum (Utah family history); ancestral roots (ancestors)
  Root
  gēn
  Calf
  (1)
  Root [root]
  A half-rootless, floating transfer, such as broken stems. - Gold Yuan, "the Beijing" Poetry
  (2)
  Another example is the root of the (rooted in the ground)
  (3)
  Stop; eradication [eradicate]
  If the attack is not the root, is the sick ills in the confidant as well. - "Biography of the Later Han Xiqiang"
  (4)
  Another example is the root of plants
  (5)
  After all; investigated [pursue]
  The soil has been cultivated for civil transgression, much less final, trying to use cover to see this proposal in the pasture to give the people farming, how can they have cultivated the final analysis, the weight of harassment. - Song Xiu "On the Wrangler lawn Da Zi"
  (6)
  Another example is the root of survey (total inquiries); final really (get to the bottom, find out about); root brush (root scraping, a thorough inventory; thoroughly for hidden); root poor (complete track)
  (7)
  Pass with the "[follow]. Such as root search (search track); root catch (tracking arrest); root index (track, for hidden or tracing)
  Root
  gēn
  (1)
  For the strip material [piece]. Such as a bamboo; three poles
  (2)
  For a certain length with the purpose, strength or structure of the line, yarn, tape, rope, wire or cable, the number of [strand]. If a line of barbed wire and no
  Fundamental
  gēnběn
  [Root] metaphor of the origin of things, the foundation
  Two doctrines are fundamentally the same
  Water, soil is the fundamental agricultural
  Their thoughts, fundamentally speaking, does not exceed the Song of Science. - "Every concern"
  Fundamental
  gēnběn
  [Basic; fundamental] basis or nature of
  Root cause
  Fundamental basic science is to study the basic laws of motion of matter physics, coupled with the mathematical tools for science and technology. - "The foundation of modern natural science disciplines"
  Fundamental
  gēnběn
  (1)
  [At all]: complete
  I did not agree with your ideas
  (2)
  [Simply]: simply; never
  Slave owners did not take slaves as human beings
  I had not done such a thing
  (3)
  [Thoroughly]: complete
  There must be fundamental change in the backward
  Root
  gēnbù
  (1)
  [Rootage]: a fully developed root system; solid rooting
  (2)
  [Root segment]: structures covering the main section of the program or control segments. Permanent General is always the main memory in the computer - also known as the foundation of paragraph "
  (3)
  [Root]: the organ or physiological structure attached to that part of the body
  Root cuttings
  gēnchā
  [Root cutting] the propagation of certain plants, root them into paragraphs _insert_ed or buried in the soil, several strains able to grow into independent plants. Such as dandelion
  Eradicate
  gēnchú
  [Root out; remove; eliminate; eradicate] wipe
  Aircraft spraying weed and pest eradication
  Eradicate hidden dangers
  Foundation
  gēndǐ
  (1)
  [Foundation; basis]: the foundation upon which to build things; things to be supported in accordance with established or
  Reed walls, top-heavy shallow foundation
  He's a good foundation in English
  (2)
  [Background]: bottom line
  You know this man's foundation it?
  Asked foundation
  Pedicle
  gēndì
  (1)
  [Root and base]: plant roots and pedicle
  (2)
  [Cause]: development of the fundamental things, or the initial point; root cause
  A life without a pedicle, such as Mo floating dust. - Jin Tao "Miscellaneous Poems," one of eight
  Root Carving
  gēndiāo
  [Root carving] is material to the root carving art, and also refers to the roots of art carved
  Root end
  gēnduān
  (1)
  [Butt]
  (2)
  End of the plant, which roots out (such as the base of the tree); bulk timber
  (3)
  Wood, sheets, rods, plates or tiles of the thick end of the
  (4)
  One end of the ladder or the bottom of the heavy
  (5)
  Blossom end of the main stem or twig with one end of the relative
  Asparagus root end
  Solid Roots
  gēngù
  [Roothold] by root growth and distribution of plant fixed in the soil
  Radical
  gēnhào
  (1)
  [Radical sign]: put a mark before the expression, that expression to take the square root of this (such as a, a + b, 2), as in this sign before the addition of a pointer, then that should take another the corresponding root (such as adding index access will mean that the cube root of 3)
  (2)
  [Radical]: Mathematics, the root of the expression of a kind
  Foundation
  gēnjī
  (1)
  [Foundation; basis] based
  New Bingguo Zheng Ke, which is no the Lord, do not read from top to bottom in order to establish the foundation of pension, competing in foreign affairs, child with its people, ... ... the day that the Ke convicted. - "Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi Deng Ai Biography"
  We must lay the foundations of houses
  Poor foundation
  (2)
  Also a metaphor for family property
  The plant roots thin, very difficult cash flow
  Root feet
  gēnjiɑo
  (1)
  [Root; foundation]: the foundation of plant or buildings
  The house is very solid foot root
  (2)
  [The ins and outs (of a matter)]: bottom line; origin
  You have to body surnamed Liu, you must name his wife Lu. The root of your two children a few feet from the ground. - "Post over the emperor Return of the Native"
  Rhizome
  gēnjīng
  [Root-stock; rhizome] underground stem of a plant, generally elongated, sideways growth in the ground, looks like a root, and with restraint, not shoot while the terminal bud. Such as the lotus, reed rhizome, etc.
  Final
  gēnjiū
  [Make a thorough investigation of; got to the bottom of] roots read all the documents, ask in the end
  After all the truth
  Mother of China and others to see the grave of his son, ... ... suddenly felt a heart will feel inadequate and empty, do not want final. - Lu Xun's "Medicine"
  According to
  gēnjù
  (1)
  [Foundation]: disk data. Deep-rooted trees such as solid
  According to drive each other, even on vertical pleases. - "Three Kingdoms"
  (2)
  [Ground]: knowledge, beliefs, judgments based on
  Words must be based on
  According to
  gēnjù
  [On the basis of; according to] the language of action or a thing as a prerequisite for drawing conclusions; in accordance with the
  We can also cloud the glory phenomenon, suggesting that the weather situation. - "Clouds know the weather"
  Eradicate
  gēnjué
  (1)
  [Eradicate]
  (2)
  Uprooted (eg weeds)
  (3)
  Discard (do not need anything); complete elimination
  Nodule
  gēnliú
  [Root nodule] in the growth of plant roots on the special tumor tissues by parasitic bacteria into the formation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation
  Rhizobium
  gēnliújūn
  [Root nodule bacteria] a type of bacteria, enabling the formation of root nodules of leguminous plants, manufacture of nitrogen compounds for plant use. Such as peanut rhizobia, Rhizobium japonicum and so on. Rhizobia seed dressing with agriculture, the crop yield
  Root Man
  gēnmàn
  [Cause] the roots and stems of plants, the root metaphor for something to happen
  Rooted
  gēnmiáo
  (1)
  [Root and shoot]: roots and grow some of the initial ground-breaking
  (2)
  [Source]: the root of things, the origin
  Eradicate extreme theory of democratization in the ROC
  (3)
  [Offspring]: refers to the descendants of the family line
  However, the only offspring of his rooted Lee, daughter of the parents as
  Root bark, roots were
  gēnpí, gēnbèi
  [Velamen] orchid aerial roots of the multi-cork-like epithelial covering, white or green, from the death of tightly packed cells, absorb moisture from the atmosphere
  Deep-rooted
  gēnshēn-dìgù
  (1)
  [Fast; firm; durable]: the foundation of a solid, unshakable
  Ginkgo tree deep-rooted, very strong wind, is to expand the green areas, good governance trees mountains and rivers
  (2)
  [Inveterate; deepseated]: the center has become a character, it is difficult or can not change, reduce or eliminate
  Deep-rooted bad habits
  He despised the people the misconception that, why would so deep it?
  Deeply rooted
  gēnshēn-yèmào
  [Deep roots give rise to flourshing leaves] the roots strike a deep, lush foliage on strong. Thick of things as long as the foundation of metaphor, there will be a bright future
  Radical expression
  gēnshì
  [Radical expression] with the root of a number of mathematical expressions
  Root
  gēnxì
  (1)
  [Root system]: a plant's root and all the lateral roots and be generally divided into two types of direct root
  (2)
  [Offspring system]: the system with the ancestors
  Root to shoot
  gēnyá
  [Bud grown from the root] plant roots from the shoots grow. Root to shoot unearthed, after transplantation, can become an independent plant
  Root cause
  gēnyóu
  [Cause; origin] roots. Reason
  Asked the root causes of
  He he he, With years of bitterness, leaning against unrivaled Cai Ming, from either the past I asked the root. - "Yuan election Zhengting Yu Chu Zhaogong"
  Source
  gēnyuán
  (1)
  [Root]: root causes to make things happen
  The root causes of mistakes
  (2)
  [Rise from; originate from]: the origin (in); occurred (in)
  Economic crisis rooted in the capitalist system
  Root value
  gēnzhí
  [Root; cause; source] instead of the equation and solve for the unknowns that value equation
  Root Index
  gēnzhǐshù
  [Index of a radical] recorded in the root of the number of upper-left corner to indicate the number of prescribing
  Root strain
  gēnzhū
  (1)
  [Stool]
  (2)
  Or a group with roots of a tree trunk, especially with suckers sprouting on the branches or water
  (3)
  Part of plant roots and trunk
  Root Zhuang Ye Mao
  gēnzhuàng-yèmào
  [The root is strong and leaves are many] thick solid growth of tree roots, lush foliage on strong. Yu Genji fastness than the development prospects for unlimited
  But it can raise the spirit, tone strength, swallowing saliva, fluid within the solid fine, is raw glory, Yu Zhuang Ye Mao roots, flowering and fruiting, cell pregnant good taste, often different special items. - "Sign should be Ji Qi"
  Radical
  gēnzhì
  (1)
  [Radical cure; cure once for]: completely cured (refer to disasters, disease)
  Radical resection
  Radical of the Yellow River
  (2)
  [Trace and try]: also referred for further investigation hearing
  V Holy look kind and make the down payment Yousi Taiwan Advisors Zhang Shu, so to make reasonable cure, according to the law implementation. - Song Su "beg to pay down Yousi Da Zhang Shu Zi"
  Root
  gēnzi
  [Root; source; origin] primitive things, causes
  Root
  gēn ㄍ ㄣ ˉ
  (1)
  Stems of higher plants in the soil under the Minister's part of the ~ plants. ~ Stem. ~ Tumor. ~ Hair. ~ Carving. To be ~. Block ~. Tie ~. Yela go ~.
  (2)
  Objects and other things attached to the base part of ~ the end. ~ Base. Wall ~ children.
  (3)
  ~ Source of origin of things. ~ By the. ~ The. Know ~ too much.
  (4)
  ~ In addition to a thorough. To justice. ~ Rule.
  (5)
  Basis, as noted in the fundamental ~.
  (6)
  Quantifiers, the two things that long ~ chopsticks.
  (7)
  Said the number of mathematical square root of a value derived from the square root "of cubic cube root is obtained."
  (8)
  Algebraic equations in mathematics refers to the value of the unknown.
  (9)
  Charged on the basis of chemical ammonia that ~. Sulfuric acid ~.
  Zheng-code fxo, u6839, gbkb8f9
  Number of 10 strokes, radical wood, stroke order number 1234511534
康熙字典
辰集中 Chen focused  【唐韻】【集韻】【韻會】【正韻】????古痕切,音跟。【說文】木株也。【左傳·隱六年】農夫之去草,絕其本,勿使能殖。 又【廣韻】,柢也。【老子·道德經】重爲輕。【管子·地形篇】地者,萬物之本原,諸生之菀。 又【博雅】始也。 又天星也。《周語》天見而水涸。註亢氐之間。 又金,車名。【後漢·輿服志】天子車金。 又門之鋪首銅鍰曰倉琅。【前漢·五行志】木門倉琅。 又竹,杯名。【晉庾信報惠酒詩】山杯捧竹。 又雲,山名。【宋孝武登作樂山詩】積水溺雲。 又姓。【姓苑】周人牟子,善著書。 又葉經天切,音堅。【三略軍讖】侵侮下民,國內譁諠。臣蔽不言,是謂亂。考證:〔勿使能植。〕 謹照左傳原文植改殖。〔天,氐星也。【左傳·桓十四年】天見而水涸。〕 謹左傳無天見而水涸之語,查係周語。今據改天星也。周語天見而水涸。註亢氐之間。〔【前漢·五行志】木名倉琅。〕 謹照原文名改門。


  【】 【Ji Yun Tang Yun Yun will】 【】 【】 ???? Ancient Rhymes cut marks, sound like. Wen】 【said timber plants as well. Six】 【Zuo hidden to the farmer of the grass, never the the root, without rendering to reproduce. Also Guangyun】 【root analysis also. 【I】 weight by the light of moral roots. Posts】 【pipe terrain to those who, of all things primitive, the root of various health Wan. 【】 Before they have learned. Star also has days of the root. "Week phrase" see the water dry root day. Note Kang Di between. And golden root, the car name. 【Notes】 after the emperor of Han Yu Fu Jin-gen car. Copper door of the shop and Huan said the first warehouse Lang root. 【Notes】 before the doors of the five elements of Chinese Lang root positions. And bamboo root, cup names. Hui-Yu Jin reported 【】 Hill wine glass holding Zhugen poetry. Yun root, mountain name. 【】 SONG EMPEROR XIAOWU poetry board for Leshan cloud water drowning roots. Another name. Zhou Yuan】 【name root Muzi, good write books. And leaves cut by the day, sound strong. Prophecy】 【military invasion of the three little people under the insult, the domestic uproar noise. Chen shelter without saying, is that chaos root. Research: 〔Do not allow to plant. 〕 Planted wish to change according to the original colonial Zuo. 〔Days, root, Di stars also. 【】 Days Zuo Huan fourteen years, see the water dry up the root. 〕 Would like to see Zuo-free days and the water dried roots of the language, check the Department of weekly language. According to another day this star is also the root. Language day week dry root see the water. Note Kang Di between. 〔】 【Former Han the five elements of wood were positions Chi Lang root. Original Name〕 would like to change according to the door.
說文解字
編號:3545 ID: 3545  木株也。從木艮聲。 古痕切


  Wood plants as well. From the sound of wood Gen. Old cut mark
根 Roots: The Saga of an American Family
作者: 艾裏剋斯·哈利 Alex Haley
  亞歷剋斯·哈利(Alex·Haley):美國黑人作傢,1921年生於紐約州的伊薩卡,1939-1959年在海岸警衛隊服役,其間當過記者。1965 年與人合寫了黑人領袖馬爾科姆·艾剋斯的傳記。在要找出黑人傳統的欲望驅使下,他對岡比亞有關口頭傳說進行了調查研究,發現自己傢族可追溯到七代之前的一個非洲人,他被作為奴隸於1767年運到安納波利斯。哈利以大量史實為基礎,增補一些細節,於1976年寫出了長篇傢史小說《》。該書獲1977年普利策特別奬,改編成電視連續劇上演後轟動全國。


  Roots: The Saga of an American Family is a novel written by Alex Haley and first published in 1976. It was adapted into a hugely popular, 12-hour television miniseries, Roots, in 1977, and a 14-hour sequel, Roots: The Next Generations, in 1979.
  
  Plot introduction
  
  Brought up on the stories of his elderly female relatives—including his Grandmother Cynthia, whose father was emancipated from slavery in 1865—Alex Haley purported to have traced his family history back to "the African," Kunta Kinte, captured by slave traders in 1767. For generations, each of Kunta's enslaved descendants passed down an oral history of Kunta's experiences as a free man in Gambia, along with the African words he taught them. Haley researched African village customs, slave-trading and the history of African Americans in America—including a visit to the griot (oral historian) of his ancestor's African village—to produce this colourful and imaginative recreation of his family's history from the mid-eighteenth century through the mid-twentieth century which led him back to his heartland, Africa.
  Characters in "Roots"
  
   * Kunta Kinte – original protagonist: a young man of the Mandinka people, grows up in the Gambia in a small village called Juffure and is raised as a practising Muslim before being captured and enslaved. Renamed "Toby"
   * Master Lord Calvert – plantation owner who buys Kunta (called John Reynolds in the TV series)
   * Dr. William Waller – doctor of medicine and John's brother: buys Kunta from him (called William Reynolds in the TV series)
   * Belle Waller – cook to the doctor who Kinte marries (called Belle Reynolds in the TV series)
   * Kizzy Waller – daughter of Kinte and Belle (called Kizzy Reynolds in the TV series)
   * Missy Anne – Dr. Waller's niece, who lives on his brother's plantation but visits Dr Waller regularly. She befriends Kizzy and teaches her the basics of reading/writing by playing "school".
   * Tom Lea – slave owner in North Carolina to whom Kizzy is sold (called Tom Moore in the TV series)
   * George Lea – son to Kizzy and Tom Lea, he is called "Chicken George"
   * Matilda – who George marries
   * Tom Murray – son of Chicken George and Matilda (called Tom Harvey in the TV series)
   * Cynthia – the youngest of Tom and Irene's eight children (grand daughter of Chicken George)
   * Bertha – one of Cynthia's children; mother of Alex Haley
   * Simon Alexander Haley – professor and husband of Bertha; father of Alex Haley
   * Alex Haley – author of the book and central character for last 30 pages; great-great-great-great-grandson (7 generations) of Kunta Kinte.
  
  Literary significance and criticism
  
  Historical marker in front of Alex Haley's boyhood home in Henning, Tennessee (2007)
  
  Haley earned a Pulitzer Prize special award in 1977 for Roots and the television miniseries garnered many awards, including nine Emmys and a Peabody.
  
  Haley's fame was marred, however, by charges of plagiarism. After one trial, in which he admitted that passages of Roots were copied from The African by Harold Courlander, Haley settled out-of-court for $650,000. Haley claimed that the appropriation of Courlander's passages had been unintentional. In 1988, Margaret Walker also sued Haley, claiming that Roots violated the copyright for her novel Jubilee. Walker's case was dismissed by the court.
  
  Additionally, the veracity of those aspects of the story which Haley claimed to be true have been challenged. Although Haley acknowledged the novel was primarily a work of fiction, he did claim that his actual ancestor was Kunta Kinte, an African taken from the village of Juffure in what is now The Gambia. According to Haley, Kunta Kinte was sold into slavery where he was given the name Toby and, while in the service of a slavemaster named John Waller, went on to have a daughter named Kizzy, Haley's great-great-great grandmother. Haley also claimed to have identified the specific slave ship and its specific voyage that transported Kunta Kinte from Africa to North America in 1767.
  
  In the concluding chapter of Roots Alex Haley stated:
  “ To the best of my knowledge and of my effort, every lineage statement within Roots is from either my African or American families' carefully preserved oral history, much of which I have been able conventionally to corroborate with documents. Those documents, along with the myriad textural details of what were contemporary indigenous lifestyles, cultural history, and such that give Roots flesh have come from years of intensive research in fifty-odd libraries, archives, and other repositories on three continents. ”
  
  Haley goes on to say that most of the dialogue and necessary incidents are novelized, based on what he knew took place and what the research led him to feel took place.
  
  Genealogist Elizabeth Shown Mills and historian Gary B. Mills revisited Haley's research and concluded that his claims were not true. According to the Millses, the slave named Toby who was owned by John Waller could be definitively shown to have been in North America as early as 1762. They further said that Toby died years before the supposed date of birth of Kizzy.
  
  There have been suggestions that the griot in Juffure, who, during Haley's visit there, confirmed the tale of the disappearance of Kunta Kinte, had been coached to relate such a story.
  
  Although a friend of Haley's, Harvard University professor Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., one of the general editors the Norton Anthology of African-American Literature, has acknowledged the doubts about Haley's claims, saying, "Most of us feel it's highly unlikely that Alex actually found the village whence his ancestors sprang. Roots is a work of the imagination rather than strict historical scholarship. It was an important event because it captured everyone's imagination."
  
  There is no doubt, however, that Roots led to a surge of interest in family genealogy across the country.
  Scholarship
  
   * Gerber, David A. “Haley’s Roots and Our Own: An Inquiry Into the Nature of a Popular Phenomenon.” Journal of Ethnic Studies 5.3 (Fall 1977): 87-111.
   * Hudson, Michelle. "The Effect of 'Roots' and the Bicentennial on Genealogical Interest among Patrons of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History," Journal of Mississippi History 1991 53(4): 321-336
   * Ryan, Tim A. Calls and Responses: The American Novel of Slavery since Gone with the Wind. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2008.
   * Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. “Roots: A New Black Myth.” Southern Quarterly 17. 1 (Fall 1978): 42-50.
   * Taylor, Helen. “‘The Griot from Tennessee’: The Saga of Alex Haley’s Roots.” Critical Quarterly 37.2 (Summer 1995): 46-62.
  
  Television and audio adaptations
  
  Roots was made into a hugely popular television miniseries that aired over eight consecutive nights in January 1977. ABC network television executives chose to "dump" the series into a string of airings rather than space out the broadcasts, because they were uncertain how the public would respond to the controversial, racially-charged themes of the show. However, the series garnered enormous ratings and became an overnight sensation. Approximately 130 million Americans tuned in at some time during the eight broadcasts. The concluding episode on January 30, 1977 has been ranked as the fourth most watched telecast of all time by the Nielsen corporation.
  
  The cast of the miniseries included LeVar Burton as Kunta Kinte, Leslie Uggams as Kizzy and Ben Vereen as Chicken George. A 14-hour sequel, Roots: The Next Generations, aired in 1979, featuring the leading African-American actors of the day. In December 1988, ABC aired a two-hour made-for-TV movie: Roots: The Gift. Based on characters from the book, it starred LeVar Burton as Kunta Kinte, Avery Brooks as Cletus Moyer, Kate Mulgrew as bounty hunter Hattie Carraway, and Tim Russ as house slave Marcellus (Coincidentally, all four actors have become prominent as leading actors in the Star Trek franchise).
  
  In August 2006, author Ilyasah Shabazz, (daughter of Malcolm X) recorded a public service announcement for Deejay Ra's 'Hip-Hop Literacy' campaign encouraging reading of Alex Haley's books to commemorate Haley's 85th birthday.
  
  In May 2007, BBC America released Roots as an audiobook narrated by Avery Brooks. The release coincided with Vanguard Press's publication of a new paperback edition of the book, which had gone out of print in 2004, and with Warner Home Video's release of a 30th anniversary DVD boxed set of the mini-series.
No. 9
  無中生有﹑毀壞他人聲譽的壞話。
No. 10
  指憑空說人的壞話。
字典中的“根” Dictionary, the "root"
  基本資料
  拼音:gēn
  部首:木;部外筆畫:6;總筆畫:10
  五筆86:SVEY 五筆98:SVY 倉頡:DAV
  筆順編號:1234511534 四角號碼:47932 UniCode:CJK 統一漢字 U+6839
  基本字義
  ①高等植物莖幹下部長在土裏的部分:~植。~莖。~瘤。~毛。~雕。須~。塊~。紮~。葉落歸~。
  ②物體的基部和其他東西連着的部分:~底。~基。墻~兒。
  ③事物的本源:~源。~由。~本。知~知底。
  ④徹底:~除。~究。~治。
  ⑤依據,作為本:~椐。
  ⑥量詞,指長條的東西:兩~筷子。
  ⑦數學上稱一數開平方所得的值為“平方”,開立方所得的值為“立方”。
  ⑧數學上指代數方程式內未知數的值。
  ⑨化學上指帶電的基:氨~。硫酸~。
  詳細字義
  名詞
  (1) (形聲。從木,艮( gèn)聲。本義:草木之)
  (2) 植物生長於土中或水中吸收營養的部分 [root]
  ,木株也。——《說文》
  蔓,直為柢。——《說文通訓定聲》
  深,則視久。——《韓非子·解老》
  是謂深、固柢。——《老子》
  有株於下,有榮葉於上。——《論衡·超奇》
  其無宿者,候苗成而未有花時采,則生已足而又未衰。——宋· 瀋括《夢溪筆談》
  斯亦伐以求木茂,塞源而欲流長也。——唐· 魏徵《諫太宗十思疏》
  (3) 又如:荄(。荄:草;又指本,源);茇(植物的部);柢(草木的);垓(核。植物的;植)
  (4) 事物的本源,由,依據 [origin;source;cause;root]
  ,始也。——《廣雅·釋詁一》
  者,書之所謂柢也。——《韓非子·解老》
  萬物有所生,而獨知守其。——《淮南子·原道》
  蓋志士仁人所為心者也。——《後漢書·宋弘傳》
  然病之生也,有有柢。——陳亮《與彭子壽祭酒》
  近歲市人轉相摹刻諸子百傢之書,……其文詞學術當倍蓰於昔人,而後生科舉之士,皆束書不觀,遊談無,此又何也?——宋· 蘇軾《李君山房記》
  (5) 又如:禍(禍事的源;引起災禍的人或事物);淺門微(基淺,門第低微);兒(本);氣(基。指稟賦、氣質);兒裏(本;本來);苗(兆頭,開頭)
  (6) 物體的下部,基部
  滿庭田地濕,薺葉生墻。——唐· 白居易《早春》
  (7) 又如:下(物體的基附近);墻;堤前(跟前)
  (8) 痼疾 [chronic illness]
  自去夏侵暑,入此秋變,頭齒眩疼,痼漸劇。——《宋書·顔延之傳·自陳表》
  (9) 又如:疵(痼疾)
  (10) 佛學名詞。佛傢能産生感覺、善惡觀念的機體或精神力量 [nature]。如:器(佛教以木比喻天性叫做“”。能雕刻叫做“器”,泛指稟賦);力(指五和五力);門(六漏出種種煩惱,進入種種妄塵的門戶,故稱為“門”);緣(人的性與境遇的緣務)
  (11) 數學名詞。代數方程中未知數的值,或稱代數方程式的解;方的簡稱 [root]
  (12) 化學名詞。即帶電的基 [radical]。如:硫酸;氨
  (13) 延續後代的子孫 [offspring]
  夏堪……零陵太守之嗣也。——《相府小史夏堪碑》
  (14) 又如:嗣(長子);譜(猶族史);祖(祖宗)
  動詞
  ①植 [root]
  半生無着,飄轉如斷梗。——金· 元好問《出京》詩
  ②又如:着(植於地)
  ③杜絶;除 [eradicate]
  若攻之不,是養疾痾於心腹也。——《後漢書·西羌傳論》
  ④又如:
  ⑤究;追究 [pursue]
  其己為民間侵耕地土,更不究,蓋以本議欲以見在牧地,給與民耕,豈可卻究己耕之地,重為搔擾。——宋· 歐陽修《論牧馬草地剳子》
  ⑥又如:勘(徹底查究);究着實(追究底,打聽清楚);刷(颳,徹底清查;徹底搜求);窮(徹底追查)
  ⑦通“跟” [follow]。如:尋(跟蹤查找);捕(跟蹤緝捕);索(跟蹤,搜求或追查)
  量詞
  ①用於條形物 [piece]。如:一竹竿;三電綫桿
  ②具有適合一定目的的長度、強度或結構的綫、紗、帶、繩、金屬絲或電纜的數目 [strand]。如:一帶刺的鐵絲網綫也沒有。
植物中的“根” Plants in the "root"
  root
  概念
  是維管植物體軸的地下部分,主要起固着和吸收作用,同時還有合成和貯藏有機物,以及進行營養繁殖的功能。上不生長葉和花,它雖然和莖一樣有分枝,但分枝(側)來源不同。藻類和苔蘚植物沒有,蕨類植物中最原始的鬆葉蕨、梅西蕨和古代最早的陸生化石萊尼蕨也沒有真正的,衹在地下的狀莖上有具吸收功能的假;大多數現存的蕨類植物、裸子植物和被子植物纔有真正的結構。是陸生植物從土壤中吸收水分和無機????的器官,也是固定地上植物體的器官。
  植物學名詞,指一般植物在地下的部位。主要功能為固持植物體,吸收水分和溶於水中的礦物質,將水與礦物質輸導到莖,以及儲藏養分。許多植物的地下構造本質上為特化的莖(如球莖、塊莖),與之不同處主要在於缺少葉痕與芽,具有冠,分枝由內部組織産生而非由芽形成。
  胚是種子萌芽後首先出現的器官,它嚮下生長深入土壤而固持幼苗。裸子植物與雙子葉植物的胚日後發育成主;主嚮下長,側或次生則側出,這類型的係稱為主係統。有些植物(如鬍蘿蔔與蕪菁)的主為貯藏器官,因內含食料而膨大。禾草類與其他單子葉植物則具有須係統,其特徵是一群的直徑大約相等;此絡非由主分枝生成,而是包含從莖的基部長出且大量分枝的
  僅自末端增長,尖處並有針箍形冠保護。冠後方為頂端分生組織(一群分裂旺盛的細胞),該組織所産生的細胞小部分加於冠,大部分則加入分生區上方的延長區(的增長在此發生);延長區上方為成熟區(的初生組織在此成熟,源於分生區上部的細胞分化過程在此完成)。的初生組織由外而內依序為表皮、皮層與維管柱。表皮由薄壁細胞組成,通常僅一層細胞厚。水分及溶於水的礦物質由表皮吸收,大部分陸生植物均具毛(表皮細胞壁嚮外突起的細管狀物,僅見於成熟區)緻吸收作用大為增強。水分的吸收主要靠滲透作用,滲透作用的發生是因為(1)土壤中水分濃度較表皮細胞者為高(因為後者含有????類、糖類及其他溶解的有機物質),(2)表皮細胞膜衹允許水分而不允許溶於細胞液內的許多其他物質滲透。這種情況造成了滲透壓差,使水分得以流入表皮細胞。此流動産生的壓力稱為壓,可使水分在內流動。壓雖對水分在植物體內上升負有部分責任,但無法單獨解釋水分如何運輸到大喬木頂。
  皮層負責將水分與溶於水的礦物質由表皮橫嚮輸送到維管柱,再由維管柱轉運至植物體其他部位。皮層還貯存由葉子經維管組織嚮下運送來的食物。其最內層通常是一層排列緊密的細胞,稱作內皮層,可調節皮層與維管組織間物質的流動。
  維管柱位於內皮層內側,為中柱鞘(一層可長出側的細胞)所包圍。維管柱的輸導組織通常排成星狀。木質部負責輸導水分及溶於水中的礦物質,組成星狀體的核心;韌皮部負責輸導養分,在星狀體各芒間形成小群。
  木本植物較老的會生成次生組織使加粗,次生組織是由維管形成層與木栓形成層所生。維管形成層源於木質部與韌皮部間的分生細胞,發育成一環,圍繞初生維管柱;經細胞分裂嚮內産生次生木質部,嚮外産生次生韌皮部。次生維管組織的生長將中柱鞘外推,緻撕裂皮層與表皮。中柱鞘於是成了木栓形成層,産生木栓細胞(外樹皮)以取代皮層與表皮。
  有些源於以外的組織(通常為莖,有時為葉),尤多見於地下莖,稱為不定。許多植物因能形成不定,故可藉莖插或葉插行營養繁殖。不一定都長在地下,若從莖部長出,通過一段距離纔著地,或一直懸在空中,則稱為氣;常見於玉米、露兜樹及榕樹,最後有助於固持植株。
  
  當種子萌發時,胚發育成幼突破種皮,與地面垂直嚮下生長為主。當主生長到一定程度時,從其內部生出許多支,稱側。除了主和側外,在莖、葉或老上生出的,叫做不定。反復多次分支,形成整個植物的係。
  直係的主要特點是主明顯比側粗而長,從主上生出側,主次分明;須係的主要特點是主和側無明顯區別 。
  的結構組成
  分為尖結構、初生結構和次生結構三部分。尖是主或側尖端,是的最幼嫩、生命活動最旺盛的部分,也是的生長、延長及吸收水分的主要部分。尖包含冠、分生區、延長區和成熟區。由尖頂端分生組織經過細胞分裂、生長和分化形成了的成熟結構,這種生長過程為初生生長。在初生生長過程中形成的各種成熟組織屬初生組織,由它們構成的結構,就是的初生結構。若從尖成熟區作一橫切面可觀察到的全部初生結構,從外至內分為表皮、皮層和維管柱三部分。有形成層細胞分裂形成的結構與尖、莖尖生長椎分生組織細胞分裂形成的初生結構相區別,稱它們為次生結構。
  功能
  是在長期進化過程中適應陸地生活發展起來的器官,它的功能有:
  ◇吸收水分和無機????
  係從土壤中吸收水分的最活躍部位,是端的毛區。通常僅由係的活動而引起的吸水現象,稱為主動吸水,而把由地上部分的蒸騰作用所産生的吸水過程,稱被動吸水。係從土壤中吸收礦物質是一個主動的生理過程,它與水分的吸收之間,各自保持着相對的獨立性。部吸收礦質元素最活躍的區域是冠與頂端分生組織,以及毛發生區。土壤中的各種離子先吸附在表面,然後經能量轉換與 的作用,通過細胞膜進入細胞中,再由細胞間的離子交換、進入維管柱的木質部導管。
  ◇固着和支持作用
  係將植物的地上部分牢固地固着在土壤中。
  ◇合成能力
  部能進行一係列有機化合物的合成轉化。其中包括有組成蛋白質的氨基酸,如𠔌氨酸、天門鼕氨酸和脯氨酸等﹔各類植物激素,如 乙酸、細胞分裂素類,以及少量的乙烯等。
  ◇貯藏功能
  的薄壁組織發達,是貯藏物質的場所。
  ◇輸導功能
  輸導功能是由尖以上的部位來完成的。由毛和表皮細胞吸收的水和無機????通過的維管組織輸送給莖和葉的,而葉所製造的有機物也通過莖送到,由的維管組織輸送到的各部分,維持的生長和生活。
  ◇菌
  許多植物的係與土壤中的微生物建立了共生關係,在植物體上形成菌瘤。某些種子植物的與土壤真菌共生所形成的共生體,稱為菌據真菌對寄主皮層細胞浸染的情況,又分為兩種類型:外生菌,真菌形成一鞘層,即菌絲罩,整個包裹着幼的外部,衹有少數菌絲侵入到皮層的細胞間隙中,如松樹、櫟樹等。內生菌,真菌形成不明顯的罩子,而大部分菌絲均侵入到部皮層的細胞內部,如蘭屬、草莓等。菌真菌的菌絲如同毛一樣,起吸收水分與礦質營養的作用。還能將土壤中的礦質????和有機物質,轉變為易於寄主吸收的營養物質,以及可製造維生素等,供給係。而寄主植物分泌的糖類、氨基酸及其它有機物質又可供真菌生活,因此兩者為共生關係。豆科植物與瘤細菌的共生體,即為瘤。瘤的維管束與的維管柱連接,兩者可互通營養,一方面豆科植物將水分及營養物質供給瘤細菌的生長﹔另一方面瘤細菌也將固定合成的銨態氮,通過輸導組織運送給寄主植物。
文學中的“根” Literature in the "root"
  《
  1976年秋,美國出版了黑人作傢亞歷剋斯·哈利所寫的一部傢史小說《》。作者自稱他經過十二年的考證研究,追溯到他的六代以上的祖先昆塔·肯特,一個從非洲西海岸被白人奴販子擄到北美當奴隸的黑人,描述了他在非洲的自由人生活,他和他的子孫在美國奴隸製下的苦難歷程,以及這個傢族獲得自由後的經歷。這書一出版,就成為膾炙人口的暢銷書。同時,它也引起了截然相反的評價,成為激烈爭論的焦點。因此,關於《》的問題,是一個帶有高度社會意義和學術性質的事件,值得研究和探討。
  《》的主題,美國的黑人奴隸製問題,是美國歷史上持續最久、爭論最烈的一個論題。
  從十七世紀初第一艘載着擄自非洲的黑人的運奴船駛抵北美洲海岸以來,迄今三百多年,黑人奴隸製和黑人受壓迫的現象就一直是美國社會的嚴重問題。早在獨立革命前,美國南部的種植園黑人奴隸製就是美國資本主義社會內部一個逆世界歷史潮流的社會經濟制度。到十九世紀中期,這種制度已成為美國政治和社會發展的最大障礙。維護奴隸製的反動勢力和反對奴隸製的進步勢力進行了曠日持久的反復較量,無窮的舌戰和筆戰所未能解决的,最後由真刀真槍的流血戰爭解决了。1861—1865年一場空前酷烈的國內戰爭,結束了這種“有史以來最卑鄙、最無恥的奴役人類的形式”。然而,奴隸製的陰魂卻象一團不祥的烏雲,從來沒有從美國大陸的上空消散。有形的枷鎖不存在了,無形的枷鎖——對黑人的壓迫和歧視——仍然沉重地壓在美國黑人的頭上,成為“美利堅合衆國的一個恥辱”。奴隸製是美國老大難的種族關係問題的歷史源。因此,雖然奴隸製已被廢除一百多年之久,今天它仍具有現實意義,是人們所極為關註和不斷探索的一個題目。
  三百多年間,圍繞着黑人奴隸製的爭論而産生的政論和文學作品不可勝數。在美國文學史上,以奴隸製為題材的作品形成了一個專門的類別。它們的觀點和色彩儘管千差萬別,但總的可以分為揭露、譴責奴隸製的和歌頌、辯護奴隸製的兩大類。其中,流傳最廣、影響最大的可以舉出三本代表作:一本是十九世紀五十年代的《湯姆叔叔的小屋》,一本是二十世紀三十年代的《飄》,第三本就是二十世紀七十年代的這本《》。這三本書,就其對各自時代的衝擊來說,都是奇跡式的,它們不僅風靡了美國,而且引起了全世界的註意。
  雖然這三本書有着共同的題材,但它們的態度和觀點卻大相徑庭。《湯姆叔叔的小屋》出現在美國內戰前十年,它從基督教博愛思想和人道主義出發批判了奴隸製。雖然它的主旨並非倡導以革命方式消滅奴隸製,而是規勸奴隸主放下鞭子,但它以生動的藝術形象和強烈的愛憎剖露了奴隸製的野蠻殘暴,對於北部的廢奴運動起到了強有力的推動作用。無怪林肯開玩笑地恭維它的作者斯托夫人是“寫了一本書、釀成了一場大戰的小婦人”。奴隸製廢除七十年後,出現了《飄》。這本名噪一時的小說從赤裸裸的反動奴隸主立場謳歌內戰前南部生活,對被打倒的奴隸主寄以無限同情,成為美化奴隸製的所謂“木蘭花與班卓琴流派”的頂峰與楷模,因而受到反動勢力的喝彩。四十年來,儘管有人不遺餘力地加以哄擡,使之成為“一切時代的暢銷小說”,但沒有人否認,它是透過奴隸主的眼光來看奴隸製的,因而是地地道道的反動翻案文學的代表作。又過了四十年,《》把《飄》翻過的案重新翻了過來,再次對奴隸製進行揭露控訴。這三本書所走過的“之”字形的道路,約略地勾畫出了歷史潮流的趨嚮。但歷史不是簡單的重複或循環。《》的時代背景,比起前兩本書來,是一個更為復雜的現象。它縱貫着幾百年關於奴隸製的是非的爭議,橫聯着黑人解放運動近期的發展和前景。因而,有關《》的討論,超出了一本書的範圍,牽涉到許多社會、學術問題,是一個有待深入研究和實踐檢驗的課題。下面僅從一個讀者的角度談一點粗淺的認識。
  《》是一本什麽性質的書?
  在討論《》時,首先需要明確的一個前提是:《》是一本什麽性質的書?是歷史,還是小說?是一個單獨的黑人傢族的故事,還是美國奴隸制度史?這個問題本來是十分清楚的。但由於《》的出版者和宣傳者們不知出於什麽考慮,把這本分明是文學創作的書算作非小說的歷史書籍,並且把它的意義擡高到代表全體美國黑人的經歷,這就造成了概念上的混亂。現有的一些對《》的批評,實際上是針對一本嚴謹的科學著作提出的。但《》並非科學著作,它雖然部分地反映了黑人奴隸的苦難,卻並不能概括二千多萬美國黑人幾百年經歷的全貌和實質。如果從實際出發,承認《》是小說,那就允許虛構和想象,而不必深究材料是否完全準確和立論是否絶對科學。如果承認《》僅僅是一個單獨的黑人傢族的故事,那就允許有特殊性,而不必要求它具有代表全體美國黑人的典型性和普遍意義。《》作為一本歷史題材的小說,從一個黑人傢族的遭遇和感受來反映奴隸製,站在被壓迫者的立場上譴責和控訴壓迫者和人壓迫人的制度,把白人種族主義的歷史觀顛倒了過來。它不是通過抽象的概念,而是通過活生生的人的故事表現了被奴役者的痛苦和求解放的強烈願望,批駁了那種廣泛流傳的把奴隸製描繪成田園牧歌的樂土,把奴隸表現為樂天知命、俯首帖耳的奴才的反動讕言,是有它的積極意義的。從這一點上說,《》繼承了《湯姆叔叔的小屋》的廢奴文學傳統,並有所創新,在美國文學史上應占一定的地位。但是,如果把這本書的意義拔高為全體美國黑人民族的歷史,誇大哈利所探索的“”的普遍意義,並且把它看成是解决美國黑人現實問題的正確出路,那就言過其實,反而起到相反的影響。
  “”在哪裏?
  貫穿着《》全書的一個主題思想是:人最寶貴的東西,是知道自己是什麽人,是從哪兒來的,而奴隸製最大的罪惡,是不讓黑人知道這一點。哈利說,“我們因缺乏歸屬感而覺得身為黑人是可恥的”,因此,黑人要獲得真正的解放,就必須找到自己的“”。
  哈利經過十二年的苦心探索,終於找到了自己的“”——十八世紀非洲的村落和祖先昆塔·肯特。顯然,他是把十八世紀非洲的生活理想化、浪漫化了。作為文學作品,這是無可厚非的,因為哈利的意圖是要打破那種把非洲人誣衊為半人半獸低等動物的“人猿泰山”式的捏造,而還其人的尊嚴和價值,他的出發點和大方向是正確的。作者熱情地歌頌了他的祖先——非洲勞動人民,抒寫了他們如何英勇頑強地同大自然搏鬥,團结一致,愛護集體,尊重傳統,珍惜自由,嚴格地教育訓練年青一代等優良品質。他以豐富的想象力塑造了少年昆塔這個樸實而飽滿的人物形象,刻畫了他充滿青春活力的個性,他對生活和自由的熱愛和憧憬,給人以深刻印象。這是全書精華所在,堪稱美國文學中獨具一格的珍貴篇章。
  但問題還要回到“”這個主題思想上來。非洲是否就是美國黑人所夢寐以求的“”?找到了這個“”,美國黑人求解放的問題是否就迎刃而解?
  固然,美國黑人和非洲有着源遠流長的血緣和傳統的聯繫,他們無疑應該知道並且尊重自己的非洲起源。但非洲衹是美國黑人人種學上的“”,而不是社會學上的“”。幾個世紀在異國土地上受異族統治的歷史,在美國社會的特定環境中共同的命運和鬥爭,已把美國黑人組合為一個新的民族,面對着不同於非洲環境下的新的問題。歐美有些研究者認為,黑人的處境之所以比一些歐、亞少數民族後裔更差,就是因為他們失去了民族傳統和文化淵源,成為無源之水,無本之木。但是,美國印第安人並沒有失去自己的民族傳統,他們卻從北美大陸的主人淪為瀕臨絶種的民族,遭遇尤為悲慘。可見,割斷民族傳統,並不是統治階級奴役被壓迫民族的唯一的或主要的方式。美國黑人之橫遭凌虐,不應歸因於他們對自己的非洲起源缺乏知識和自豪感,而是由於美國奴隸製及其惡果——種族壓迫和歧視,以及資本主義制度下的階級壓迫這個雙重負擔。片面地強調非洲的心理上的“”,會使人忽視美國的現實的“”。
  是積極反抗,還是消極反抗?
  如果說昆塔在非洲的自由生活是《》的序幕,那麽他和後代在美國被奴役的經歷就是戲的中心和主體。關於這個關鍵部分的關鍵性爭論,是圍繞着《》是否真實地反映了奴隸製的反動本質和奴隸的反抗精神。
  每個奴隸的後代回顧往昔,都有一部斑斑血淚的傢史。《》既是從一個傢族的遭遇和感受來反映一個歷史時代,自有它真實的方面。書中體貼入微地刻畫了被奪去自由和人權、受人魚肉宰割的人們的痛苦和憤怒,特別是奴隸製強行拆散黑人家庭造成骨肉分離的慘劇,是動人心魄的。昆塔和他的子孫從來不甘於被奴役的命運,渴望自由,這也表達了所有奴隸的情緒。但是,如果把哈利傢族的故事看成整個奴隸製的縮影,那麽這面鏡子卻不夠全面,也不夠真實。因為,它沒有表現出美國種植園奴隸製最本質的方面——作為資本原始積纍的手段和資本主義世界市場的組成部分的野蠻的剝削制度,衹消七年就耗盡一個奴隸脂膏的極度殘酷的血汗榨取。哈利的祖先不屬於南部種植園中直接從事生産勞動的奴隸的主體——大田奴隸。他們是奴隸中地位較為特殊的人——園丁、車夫、廚娘、傢僕、馴雞手、鐵匠等。由於他們脫離奴隸生産大軍而從事非生産性個體勞動,以及同奴隸主朝夕相處的密切關係,他們往往享有某些優惠待遇,比起大田奴隸來受壓迫的程度較淺,因而反抗性也較差,算不上是奴隸製這種典型環境中的典型人物。昆塔說:“白人幹的最惡的事是不讓黑人知道自己是什麽人,不讓他成為完全的人。”既然這是奴隸製的主要罪孽,那麽自然也就是奴隸反抗的主要目的和形式了。於是在書中,主要的反抗表現為:每一代人把傢族的非洲起源的知識傳給下一代,讓他們不要忘本。然而這衹能說是反抗的一種思想準備,還不是反抗的行動。事實上,一部奴隸制度史,滿載着奴隸的無數次反抗,從最高形式的有組織的密謀起義(共二百多次),到逃亡、怠工、破壞工具財物等等。正是這些反抗,動搖了奴隸製的基。《》沒有直接反映這些積極的反抗。書中雖然間接地提到海地奴隸起義以及震撼南部的幾次大起義,但哈利的傢族對待這些起義的態度或是消極的旁觀,或是不以為然,唯恐起義引起的主奴關係的緊張化會給他們帶來災難。歷史上的奴隸逃亡,無論是通過“地下鐵路”的有組織的逃亡或個別的逃亡,都是卓有成效的大宗的反抗形式。但哈利的六代祖先中,除來自非洲的昆塔試圖逃跑而失敗外,以後幾代本沒有動過念頭。第二代的吉西對抗主人的凌辱的唯一行動,衹是告誡兒子不要對白人父親抱幻想。第三代雞公喬治則進而同主人兼父親親密合作。書中用了大量篇幅描寫鬥雞的情節,雖然文筆生動而引人入勝,但觀點上卻帶有濃厚的階級調和論色彩。它抹殺了主奴之間的階級矛盾和種族矛盾,把讀者的興趣吸引到鬥雞場上的勝負上面,那裏,喬治和李老爺利害相關休戚與共,而喬治一傢自由的命運則仿佛係於一隻雞身上。第四代鐵匠湯姆來到了內戰年代。這在歷史上是南部黑人空前活躍的時期。奴隸們大批逃離種植園(共計五十萬人),跑到聯邦軍中參加戰鬥,或在南部同盟軍後方打遊擊搞破壞,有效地配合了聯邦軍的作戰,為聯邦的勝利和自身的解放作出了不可估量的貢獻。這些事實在《》裏也沒有得到反映。當廣大黑奴在進行如火如荼的鬥爭時,湯姆卻在附首帖耳地替同盟軍釘馬掌,全家一心一意為贖買自由而拚命攢錢,直到林肯的一紙命令解放了他們。《》所宣揚的這種以“沉默的尊嚴”對抗壓迫的精神,衹能算是消極的反抗。
  寫內戰後經歷的結尾部分,比起前面來,更有江河日下之勢。內戰結束後至今一百多年來,美國黑人廣大群衆飽受殘害和欺壓的苦況和他們不屈不撓的鬥爭,是舉世皆知的事實,他們的積忿,爆發為六十年代震動世界的黑人抗暴運動。象哈利的傢族那樣買地發傢、上升為中産階級白領階層的人,衹是少數例外的幸運者。他們所走過的道路不能代表廣大黑人走過的道路,更不足以指明黑人解放的出路和方向。
  《》的時代意義
  《》動筆於六十年代,完成於七十年代。六十年代是美國黑人解放運動驚雷乍起的十年,黑人長期受迫害受歧視的苦況,通過他們自己的鬥爭,引起了全世界的重視和義憤。毛澤東同志在1963年和1968年兩次發表支持美國黑人反對種族歧視的正義鬥爭的聲明,表達了中國人民聲援的強烈呼聲。黑人的抗暴鬥爭和其他鬥爭,取得了不可忽視的成果,但並沒有獲得完全的平等和解放。他們在政治、經濟、文化教育各個領域仍然處於受壓製受排擠的不平等地位。在意識形態領域,反動種族主義勢力仍不甘退場,千方百計為奴隸製翻案,為繼續欺壓黑人製造理論據。1975—1976年,為紀念《飄》出版四十周年重印了該書的豪華版,同時重映同名影片,大作宣傳,無異是對黑人運動的示威。1975年,出版了一本名叫《時光與十字架》的偽科學著作。該書企圖利用電子計算機的運算來證明奴隸製是一個“高度合理和有效”的制度,說它使南部經濟高度發展並使全體南部人(白人和黑人)都享有很高生活水平,公然顛倒黑白,為奴隸製叫好。相形之下,《》揭露和譴責奴隸製,給予這些反動叫囂一個反擊,在一些不明真相的群衆中是能夠起到一定積極作用的。但是,如果象有些人所宣揚的那樣,認為《》把黑人解放運動引嚮了一個更高的水平,那麽這種估計卻未必恰當。考慮到六十年代黑人運動已經達到的水平,考慮到黑人在有組織的抗暴鬥爭中所表現的階級覺悟和民族覺醒的程度,《》所宣揚的非暴力主義和以傢族為核心的個人奮鬥道路,與時代的前進潮流相比,不能不說是一個後退。哈利從寫馬爾科姆·艾剋斯的傳記,到寫《》,也似乎是一個後退。
  《》引起如此巨大的轟動,原因何在?這似乎可以從兩個方面來看。
  在六十年代急風暴雨的黑人解放運動期間,黑人問題一度成為美國國內政治生活的中心。此後,黑人的政治和社會地位有所上升。近年來,黑人更多地參與政治和文化生活,研究黑人,寫黑人,表現黑人,成為一種時尚。黑人的歷史也成為重新估價的對象。廣大黑人關心自己的過去,要求把反動派顛倒了的歷史再顛倒過來,還黑人歷史的本來面目,其他民族人民也要求獲得這方面的更真實的知識。象《》這樣一本以黑人為主人公的歷史小說,對奴隸製的反動性有所揭露,並具有一定的藝術特色和感染力,自然會引起廣泛的重視。
  然而,《》作為一部歷史小說雖有一定的價值,但和圍繞着它所造成的宣傳上的效果相比,則是不相符的。在這種明顯的不相稱的現象後面,必定存在着某種深一層的社會原因。據分析,由於黑人要求平等解放已是大勢所趨,人心所嚮,赤裸裸的白人種族主義越來越不行時,意識形態領域的某些不希望運動走嚮革命化道路的當權者,也不得不順應潮流,力圖把黑人問題引嚮帶有資産階級自由主義或改良主義色彩的軌道。這種分析不無道理。1978年2月話劇《保羅·羅伯遜》的上演就是一個例子。享有世界聲譽的黑人歌唱傢保羅·羅伯遜,在五十年代時由於他的共産主義信仰而遭到美國反動派的嚴酷迫害,流亡國外。然而在他逝世以後,美國資産階級戲劇中心百老匯卻演出了歌頌他的一生的話劇。該劇抽掉了羅伯遜的革命者的靈魂,宣揚他作為足球明星、法學家、歌唱傢、演員而功成名就的道路,避而不談羅伯遜自己不斷強調的一點:他首先是一個革命傢,然後纔是藝術傢,他把自己的一切成就服務於黑人同胞的解放事業。這種給黑人問題塗上一層溫和色彩的傾嚮,近年來蔚然成風。《》之所以受到如此的重視和大規模的宣傳,是否也是這種潮流的一個表現?這表明,和窮兇極惡地迫害黑人的年代相比,風嚮是在轉,但轉嚮何方,仍然值得研究。無論如何,這種現象本身也說明黑人通過自己的鬥爭獲得了重要的進展,社會前進的潮流是不可阻擋的
化學中的“根” Chemistry in the "root"
  在許多化學反應裏,作為一個整體參加反應,好像一個原子一樣,這樣的原子集團叫做原子團。原子團又叫做或基團,如氫氧OH- 、硝酸NO3- 、碳酸CO32-、硫酸SO42-、氯酸ClO3-、磷酸PO43-、碳酸氫HCO3-、銨NH4+等。值得註意的是:原子團不能獨立存在,衹是化合物的一個組成部分。在溶液中原子團作為一個整體參加反應。各種原子團都有自己的特性反應,如CO32 -遇酸變成CO2, SO 42-遇Ba2+産生不溶於稀硝酸的白色沉澱,OH-使酚酞試液變成紅色等。利用特性反應可以檢驗的存在。註意區分錳酸MnO42-和高錳酸MnO4-,兩者組成相同,但其中錳元素的化合價不同,所以價不同。原子團的化合價等於內各元素化合價的代數和。
  原子團簇獨特的性質源於其結構上的特點,因其尺寸小,處於表面的原子比例極高,而表面原子的幾何構型、自旋狀態以及原子間作用力都完全不同於體相內的原子。材料的性質與內部單元的表面性質息息相關。例如僅僅通過調節團簇的大小,物質特性就有極大的不同,10 個鐵原子的團簇在催化氨合成時要比17個鐵原子的團簇效能高出1000倍。
  伴隨着尺寸而來的另一效應是量子效應,原子團簇的研究即證明了許多量子力學的假設和預言,提出了無數更有趣的新問題。例如在由純金屬原子組成的多面體團簇中,衹有當原子數是“幻數係列”,即為2、8、20、28、50、82、126……時,結構纔是穩定的,甚至在加熱到液態時也不會被破壞。同樣的“幻數係列”在元素周期律中早已為人所知,但其理論解釋至今仍無定論。
  團簇的科學研究正處於蓬勃發展的階段,除去理論上的極大意義之外,原子團簇在聲、電、光、磁等方面的實際應用更是人們努力的方向。
  認識原子團要註意:
  (1)原子團是分子中的一部分。在三種或三種以上元素組成的化合物中,其分子常含有某種原子團。
  (2)原子團不是在任何化學反應中都保持不變。在有些化學反應中,原子團會發生變化,如:反應中,氯酸鉀中的氯酸發生了變化。
  (3)原子團通常稱作“”或“離子”。書寫原子團符號時應註明它所帶的電荷,如:ClO3-、SO42-、OH-、NH4+等,不要把原子團符號當成化學式,如把硫酸(SO42-)誤認為是四氧化硫。
  KMnO4中的原子團MnO42-和K2MnO4中的原子團MnO42-是不同的原子團。前者叫高錳酸,後者叫錳酸
數學中的“根” Mathematics in the "root"
  方程的
  方程的是:定義在一元方程中的使方程左、右兩邊的值相等的未知數的取值。
  方程的區別與方程的解:在多元方程中衹定義了方程的解,未定義方程的
  在一元方程中方程的解可能會受到某些實際條件的限製,如:一道關於每天生産多少零件的應用題的函數符合x^2-10x-24=0
  方程的:x1=12,x2=-2,
  雖然x=-2符合方程的的條件,但由於,考慮到實際應用,零件生産不可能是負數,所以,此時x2=-2就不是這個方程的解了,衹能說是方程的
火影忍者“根” Naruto "root"
  "",是指所謂的暗部特別機動部隊,也就是暗部培訓部。""由強硬主戰派--團藏所一手建立,故此""的成員是直接受命於團藏而不是火影的。
  雖然""在很久之前就已經被解散,但仍有不少前成員繼續效忠於"",已知的有其中兩人:一為佐井,另一人是到佐井傢傳逹"極秘任務"給佐井的暗部。
  所謂""之人…沒有名字、亦無感情…
  沒有過去…亦無未來。心中衹有任務…
  在背後支撐起木葉村這棵大樹的是 深紮於大地之中的...我等""的意志
  —— 之訓言
  臺灣電視劇《
  又名《亂世情緣》,二十集臺灣愛情倫理片
  兩肋插刀的兄弟情誼,弱女子與命運的抗爭,臺灣新老兩代玉女——林心如、俞小凡,一個端莊秀麗,一個嬌俏可人,演繹滾滾紅塵中的一段亂世情緣 ……
  【演員表】張晨光、俞小凡、林心如、王皓、陳亞蘭、賀軍政、王中皇、馬如風、陳莎莉、小戽鬥、吳鈴山、凱凱、朱慧珍
  【劇情介紹】林武郎與阿國、靜蓮夫婦一起長大的朋友,阿國因賭博犯案,單身漢的武郎為了阿國一傢四口,挺身而出為阿國頂罪坐牢。武郎出獄的那天在市場碰上了靜蓮正在撿菜,突然有人喊抓賊,武郎、靜蓮追趕小偷替失主浦老太太及她的兒媳書荷搶回錢包還給了他們,因此,武郎、靜蓮、書菏相識。
  書菏的丈夫因認錯人在生意上犯罪被警方處死,書菏的婆婆及她的三個孩子變得一無所有,善良的靜蓮熱情的接待她們全家一起居住,兩傢患難與共,生死相依。阿國賭博成性,給家庭帶來巨大的災難,最終被黑狗整死,靜蓮與書荷為了兩傢人糊口,衹好去檢垃圾及買血。
  武郎雖然沒有文化,但行俠仗義,心地善良,他主動為兩傢無私付出,並暗暗愛着書荷。紀警官同情靜蓮的遭遇,常暗中幫忙。 老大鬆哥欣賞武郎的品行,將自己最心愛的獨生女兒雪子交給他保護,並常常接濟靜蓮一傢。鬆哥20年前結拜把兄弟陳明輝與鬆哥的妻子有染,被鬆哥趕走。如今陳明輝捲土重來,以雪子作為要挾鬆哥的王牌,逼迫鬆哥幫他運送毒品,被鬆哥拒絶。武郎因保護鬆哥,與陳明輝接怨。當雪子認清陳明輝的面目後,嚮他開槍,陳明輝喪心病狂開槍打中雪子要害,往醫院搶救輸血,證實了雪子的親生父親是陳明輝。雪子死了,留下一個孩子。陳明輝因運毒品,也被警方擊斃。
  雨過天晴。歷盡了苦難的兩傢人終於結束了悲慘的生活。武郎與書荷、鬆哥與一直暗戀他的老闆娘終成眷屬,紀警官也給靜蓮戴上了定婚介指,等待他們的是幸福美好的未來。
  ‘’在佛教中的意義
  ‘’為梵語indriya 之意譯。通常指器官、機能、能力之意。佛教用語中,‘’一詞亦含有器官能力之意。草木之不僅具有增長力,且可衍生出枝幹、花葉果實等。又如人類之眼、耳、鼻、舌、身等,不僅有助於人類之覺悟,且可促進信、精進、念、定、慧等,故以五稱之。教中經義,有關之用法甚多,大別之,可有如下兩大類: (一)乃指強而有力之作用(又稱增上)之意。共有眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意、女、男、命、樂、苦、喜、憂、捨、信、勤、念、定、慧、未知當知、已知、具知等二十二。最初之眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意,稱為六,其中除意(心)外,前五屬感覺器官(五官)或是感覺機能,由物質(色)所形成,故稱為五色,簡稱為五。數論派認為此五具有知覺之作用,故稱之為知、五知。其在五知外另加五作業(手、足、口、大便處、小便處)及意,而立十一之說。而吠檀多學派則立十四之說。 眼等五分為司感覺作用之勝義(相當於不可見的神經係統)和有扶助作用之扶塵(眼球、鼓膜等,乃血肉形成之外部器官),在一切有部認為此勝義纔是五。 二十二中之樂、苦、喜、憂、捨等五能感受外界之印象感覺,而與眼等五區別,稱為五受。此外,信、勤、念、定、慧等亦稱五,以其能除煩惱、臻聖道,有其殊勝之作用,故亦以稱之,然為別於眼等五,而稱為五無漏。又有未知當知、已知、具知等三,其本體多為意、樂、喜、捨、五無漏等九;未知當知在見道,已知在修道,具知在無學道所引起,此三又稱三無漏。 復次,二十二中之女、男、命等,指命與壽命。女、男即給予女、男具有性徵之力量,特指性器而言。從男轉變成女或由女轉變為男之移性,稱為轉。一般所稱之二,有指勝義與扶塵者,或指女與男者。 (二)機、性之意,表示受教者之性質、資質。因有優劣之分,故有所謂利、鈍二之別,或上、中、下等三,利、中、鈍等三之別。若以修道力修煉之,從鈍、下而漸修至利、上,稱為煉或轉。各種轉之中,尤指由聲聞(下)至緣覺(中),再往上至菩薩(上)者。[俱捨論捲三、大乘義章捲四] (請參閱‘三無漏’、‘五’,《 佛學大詞典 》)
  附:【三無漏】《 佛學大詞典 》梵語tri^n!y ana^sravendriya^ni。指三種不染污、不起煩惱之無漏。屬二十二之後三。略稱三。此三無漏係以意、樂、喜、捨、信、勤、念、定、慧等九為體而立,以其有增上之力用,能産生無漏清淨之聖法,故稱為。即:(一)未知當知(梵ana^jn~a^ta^jn~a^sya^mi^ndriya ),又作未知欲知。屬見道位,此位之人無始以來未曾聞四諦真理,欲知彼真如諦理,遂修習地前方便之解行,故稱未知欲知。(二)已知(梵a^jn~endriya ),又作知。屬修道位,即已知四諦真理,並已斷除迷理之惑,但為斷除迷事之惑,進而觀四諦之理,清楚了知四諦之境,故稱已知。(三)具知(梵a^jn~a^ta^vi^ndriya ),又作知已、無知。乃具有洞知四諦理之無學位,以其已斷諸煩惱,一切所作具辦,故其九稱為具知。又此位已得盡智、無生智,唯無學果之人有此智。[俱捨論捲三、瑜伽師地論捲五十七、發智論捲十四、順正理論捲九、瑜伽論記捲十六上]
  【五】《 佛學大詞典 》梵語pan~cendriya^n!i。五種之義。(一)指眼、耳等五識所依之五種色。又作五色。即:眼(梵caks!urindriya )、耳(梵s/rotrendriya )、鼻(梵ghra^n!endriya )、舌(梵jihvendriya )、身(梵ka^yendriya )五。亦即司視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺、觸覺之五官及其機能。以此五者加上意(心),則稱為六。五除能攝取外界之對象外,並能引起心內五識之認識作用,因具有此等殊勝之作用,故稱為‘’。又五係由物質而成立者,故又稱五色。數論派有五知之說,其中身又作皮。 就五之體而論,薩婆多部(說一切有部)將五分為扶塵與勝義二種。扶塵,又作扶。係由眼球、耳穴、鼻梁等血肉(肉團)所形成之,本身無超勝對象之力,但可由勝義從旁協助起識,即一般所謂之五官。勝義則在肉體之內部,非肉眼所能見,但具有發識取境之作用。又勝義與扶塵雖共為‘極微’所成,然勝義以殊勝之四大種所造之淨色為體,為‘不可見有對’之實有法,由是薩婆多部主張五係指勝義,亦即現今吾人所謂之神經。然大衆部等則以色、香、味、觸四塵為五之體,以肉團為性,別無淨色,不能取境,此即是以扶塵為五之說。又依唯識大乘之說,護法等諸師別立現行之淨色為五;難陀等諸師則認為五唯是種子,而非現行之淨色。 另就五之次第而論,據大毗婆沙論捲七十三、俱捨論捲一、捲二等舉出兩說:(一) 五之中,前四皆取所造之色,故先舉之;身或取能造,或取所造,或二者俱取,即由於所取之境不定,故後舉之。又前四中,眼、耳能取遠境,故先舉之;鼻、舌取近境,故後舉之。又取遠境中,眼之作用較耳為遠且速,故先舉眼而後舉耳。又取近境中,鼻之作用較舌為速且明,故先舉鼻而後舉舌。總此,而立五之次第先後。(二)五所依處(即扶塵)之上下差別的次第如下:眼之所依居於最上,耳、鼻、舌、身四之所依則依次居於下方。 又於此五中,眼、耳唯取不至境,稱為離中知;鼻、舌、身三者唯取至境,稱為合中知。離中知,謂眼能見遠處諸色,然於如眼中之藥等則反不能觀;耳亦能聞遠處聲響,然近逼耳者則反不能聞。合中知,謂鼻、舌、身三必與對象直接接觸,即與境必須沒有間隔方能産生作用,若兩者相離則無從作用。又鼻、舌、身三唯取等量之境(與對境等量),此即合中知之故;眼、耳二則並取等量境與不等量境。眼、耳二因取量之不定,故有時取小境,如見毛端、聞蚊聲等;有時取等境,如見葡萄、聞琴聲等;有時則取大境,如見大山、聞雷聲等。此即離中知之故。五之外,意屬於無色法,因無形狀,故無法計量。 據五事毗婆沙論捲上、大毗婆沙論捲一四二等舉出,五各於四事有增上之作用,故稱為。四事指:(一)莊嚴身,(二)導養身,(三)生識等,(四)不共事。上述為‘見傢’之說。然俱捨論捲三舉出‘識見傢’之說,認為四事非為之作用,而是識之增上。[品類足論捲一、異部宗輪論、成實論捲四、大乘阿毗達磨集論捲一、大乘法苑義林章捲三本](參閱‘五有四事增上’) (二)指五無漏。此五者對於降伏煩惱、引入聖道具有增上之作用,故稱五。為三十七道品中之第四科。即:(一)信(梵s/raddhendriya ),信三寶、四諦等之道理者。(二)進(梵vi^ryendriya ),又作精進、勤。勇猛修善法者。(三)念(梵smr!ti^ndriya ),憶念正法者。(四)定(梵sama^dhi^ndriya ),使心止於一境而不散失者。(五)慧(梵prajn~endriya ),由定中觀智所起,而了知如實之真理者。此五者皆為能生起一切善法之本,故稱為五。又‘’有增上、出生等之義,上記五種能令人出生無漏聖道,故稱為五。另據大乘義章捲十六說明之意義,即:此五種出生‘出世聖道’之力偏強,故稱為;又此五種有依次對治不信、懈怠、放逸、掉舉、無明煩惱等之作用,故稱為。此外,止觀輔行傳弘决(會本)捲七之一舉出,修行之人雖善芽微發,然猶未生,今修五法使善生,故此五法皆稱為。 五與三十七道品中第五科之五力同體,五力乃顯示五行破惑增上之力用。五力為利者所修,五則為鈍者所修。又五攝入二十二中,與未知當知、已知、具知等三無漏,同於無漏法上具有增上之作用。另據俱捨論捲二十五舉出五之次第如下:即於因果先起信心(信),其次為果修因而起精進(進),次由精進而念住所緣(念),復由憶持念力而心便得定(定),心得定則能知如實之理(慧)。[雜阿含經捲二十六、增一阿含經捲二十三、捲四十二、大毗婆沙論捲九十六、大智度論捲十九、瑜伽師地論捲五十七、法界次第捲中](參閱‘三十七道品’)
  【】《 丁福保佛學大辭典 》(術語)Indriya,能生之義。增上之義。草木之,有增上之力,能生幹枝,因而眼之眼,有強力,能生眼識,則名為眼。信有生他善法之力。則名為信。又人性有生善惡作業之力,則名為性。俱捨論二曰:‘者是何義?最勝自在光顯名,由此總成增上義。’大乘義章四曰:‘能生名,’俱捨光記三曰:‘勝用增上,故名為。’
  【】《 陳義孝佛學常見辭匯 》 1.能生的意思。2.增上的意思。
  【(梵indriya,藏dban%-po)】《 中華佛教百科全書 》梵語‘indriya’,原意為機關、機能、能力。在佛教用語中,除了有‘機關’的意思之外,又有‘能力’的意思。漢譯譯此詞為‘’,係由於草木之具有成長發展之能力,能令枝幹生長。因此,能生起感覺的五種器官(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身)乃名之為五。 如眼之眼有強力、增上之用,則名眼;‘信’有産生其他善法之能力,則稱信。 《俱捨論》捲三雲(大正29·13b)︰‘是何義?最勝自在光顯名。由此總成增上義。’《俱捨論光記》捲三雲(大正41·55c)︰‘勝用增上,故名為。’《順正理論》捲九雲(大正29·377b)︰‘世尊何故別說名?在內界全及法一分。依增上義別說為,彼彼事中得增上故。’ 諸經論謂有五、六、二十二等差別。其中,眼、耳、鼻、舌、身五(又稱五色),又可各分為二類,即司感覺作用,為眼所不能見的‘勝義’(又稱淨色,即一般所謂神經纖維),以及具扶助作用,為身體器官的扶塵(如眼球、鼓膜等)。然而說一切有部僅以勝義為五,而不承認扶塵。又眼等五加上意即成六。六再添女、男、命、樂、苦、喜、憂、捨、信、勤、念、定、慧、未知當知、已知、具知等,乃成二十二。此外,據《大毗婆沙論》捲一四二所載,外道亦有‘’之理論。如數論學派合五覺(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身)、五業(手、足、口、大便處、小便處)及意,計有‘十一’之說法;吠檀多學派則合五知、五業及四內(意、覺、我執、念),而倡‘十四’說。 又,衆生學法的素質與能力亦稱為‘’。依其優劣有利、鈍二,或上、中、下三,利、中、鈍三等差別。然此時所云之,係梵語mu^la之漢譯,與上述之indriya並不相同。俗語所謂之‘器’,亦與梵語mu^la相同。 [參考資料]《决定義經》;《雜阿毗曇心論》捲八;《俱捨論》捲二;《金七十論》捲中;《瑜伽師地論》捲五十七。
  文學小說《
  連續劇《
  作為一部小說改編的電視連續劇,這在ABC的歷史上並不多見。該劇改編自美國黑人作傢阿歷剋斯-哈利的同名小說,該書是1976年在美國最大的暢銷書。而這部連續劇也很完美的反應出了小說的情景與內涵。通過空間的變化,以及跨越1個世紀的時間鴻溝,忠實地再現了一個黑人家庭六代人,被奴隸販子從非洲漂洋過海擄到美洲進行一次次販賣的麯折屈辱的經歷。以一個具體事例,以小見大地反映出美國兩千五百萬黑人的苦難歷史,剖析了奴隸製的野蠻殘暴。
  亞歷剋·黑爾,一般翻譯為阿歷剋斯·哈利,黑人作傢。生於紐約州伊薩卡。他在海岸警衛隊服役期間(1939-1959)當過記者,後來幫助撰寫了黑人領袖《馬爾科姆·艾剋斯傳記》一書。哈利在要找出黑人傳統的欲望驅使下,對岡比亞有關的口頭傳說進行了調查研究,發現自己家庭的可追溯到七代之前的一個非洲人,他作為奴隸於1767年被運到安納波利斯。哈利以大量的史實作基礎,增補了一些細節,寫成了《》一書。這部黑人傢史獲得了1977年普利策特別奬,在美國被改變成電視連續劇,上演後轟動一時。
佛教百科 Buddhist Encyclopedia
  【】  1、能生的意思。
    2、增上的意思。
佛教百科 Buddhist Encyclopedia
  【】 (術語)Indriya,能生之義。增上之義。草木之,有增上之力,能生幹枝,因而眼之眼,有強力,能生眼識,則名為眼。信有生他善法之力。則名為信。又人性有生善惡作業之力,則名為性。俱捨論二曰:“者是何義?最勝自在光顯名,由此總成增上義。”大乘義章四曰:“能生名,”俱捨光記三曰:“勝用增上,故名為。”
英文解釋
  1. :  radical
  2. n.:  base,  cause,  radicel,  radicle,  radix,  root,  rootage,  radical (chem.),  basis,  root, base(d on),  foundation
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的根薑根根的惡根倒根根緊
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江根瑞根勤根頓根罪根根身
念根機根信根根識四根盧根
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根廷長根根音根缺知根扶根
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盤根汀根金根二根五根根韭
假根桃根葛根桑根根軸根結
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