Ninglang County, commonly known as small Liangshan, located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, Sichuan, Yunnan junction, covers an area of 6025 square kilometers, county elevation of 2240 m. The highest point Baiyan Zi peak elevation of 4513.3 meters, the lowest point of the Jinsha River estuary altitude of 1350 meters up the child. County transportation distance 568 kilometers from Kunming, 139 kilometers away from Lijiang, 328 km away from Chengdu-Kunming Railway Station Jin Jiang. The annual average rainfall of 920 mm, with an average annual sunshine 2298 hours, with an average annual temperature of 12.7 ℃, annual frost-free period 190 days. A low-latitude plateau climate, distinct wet and dry season, three-dimensional climate significantly, with a rich variety of resources. The total population of 24 million (2004). Daxing County People's Government in the town. Postal Code: 674300. Code: 530724. Code: 0888. Pinyin: Ninglang Yizu Zizhixian.
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Ninglang History
Ninglang a Department of 6 years (1917) when designing sub-county, depicting two Yongning and Lang lotus word merger (Yongning, Lang lotus two states established as the Yuan Dynasty). Ninglang long history, according to research to explore the ruins, 4,000 years ago, human beings have thrived here. Ninglang low level of productivity, varying the degree of social development, economic and social development started late. The eve of the liberation of the Jinsha River Lisu retain slash and burn, original nomadic tour of tillage farming, Liangshan Yi retains complete slavery, dam area and Mid Mosuo people, the Pumi, Han, etc., then the feudal lord system. Ninglang various ethnic religious rituals, customs, production and lifestyle, has yet to varying degrees Strip features of primitive society and legacy. Ninglang peaceful liberation in January 1950; September 20, 1956, the establishment of the Yi Autonomous County; 1986, the State Council as one of the first batch of 272 poverty-stricken counties governance; 1999, was listed as the province's government One of the eight minority poor mountain; 2001, and the State Council as the country's new round of poverty alleviation and development focus counties. The county has 15 townships now a town 86 village committees, five communities, 1,122 villagers group, 32 residents group. There are 12 ethnic groups, including 11 kinds of 79.99% minority of the total population, 60.75% of the total population Yi; end of 2003, the county's total population of 233,327 people, according to the new poverty standard calculation there are 191,400 poor people, of which 6.28 people in absolute poverty with 27% of the total population, is a typical mountain, less edge, poor county. In 1936 the Governing Council _set_ up Ninglang. When the Yuan Yongning government, state Lang lotus named after two of each word. 1959 Ninglang County.
2000, Ninglang County jurisdiction over a town, 15 townships: Daxing Town, Arab village, Yongning Township, Happy Pingxiang, war Township, Nishikawa Township, Township of red cloth Township, gold cotton Township, mud Townlet, jade Pumi Lisu village, Hongqi Township, Ning Li Township, cicadas war Township, New Camp Township, Yongning Tsubosato. According to the fifth census data: the county's total population of 229,204 people, including the township population (people): Arab village in Daxing Town 28085 10512 17804 Jade Yongning Township Pumi Lisu village 13739 Red Township 17156 12900 Ning Li Hongqi Township Township 12909 7693 Gold Cotton Township Township 13946 West Township 18314 Nishikawa war Yongning Township 20501 10397 Pingxiang Pingxiang 7096 Happy New cicada war camp Township Township 7358 16410 14384 mud Townlet In 2001, the jurisdiction of a county town, 14 townships, ethnic townships: Daxing Town, the new Camp Township, mud Townlet, Happy Pingxiang, cicadas war Township, war Township, Yongning Pingxiang, West River Township, township Nishikawa, gold cotton Township, township Ning Li Hongqi Township, Red Bridge Township, Yongning Township, Arab village, jade Pumi Lisu village. In 2005, the revocation of the red flag township, its administrative regions into Daxing Town, Daxing town government resident unchanged.
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Geography and Climate
Ninglang located in northwest Yunnan mountain range in the middle, lying northwest and southeast, the territory of mountain forest, ravines interlaced, is a typical mountain original landscape. Amid the mountains from north to south running through. Amid the mountains west of the mountains are the Jinsha River canyon landscape, mountains dispute Zhi, deep valleys, elevation and the poor. Amid the mountains east of the mountain big subordinate original district, the mountain over the deep. The main plateau hyper distributed in this area, there is a greater Yongning dam (area of 56.5 square kilometers), white Drainage Dam (Dam county, an area of 20.5 square kilometers), Red Bridge Dam (area of 20.4 square kilometers). The highest point Baiyan Zi mountain peak elevation of 4510.3 meters, the lowest point of Ning Li Township Jinsha River estuary altitude of 1350 meters up the child. Territory of more than 20 rivers and streams, mainly Ninglang River, Yongning River, Pitt River source, are the Jinsha River. Is a low-latitude plateau monsoon climate zone, distinct wet and dry season, due to the effects of altitude and topography of mountains and canyons, three-dimensional climate significantly. Average annual rainfall of 920 mm, with an average annual sunshine 2298 hours, with an average annual frost-free period 190 days, with an average annual temperature of 12.7 ℃.
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Natural resources
Ninglang biological resources are very rich. The county's average annual rainfall 1000 mm, the annual average temperature of 12 degrees Celsius, great elevation above sea level, three-dimensional climate obviously, Yunnan is rich biodiversity areas. Breeds tropical, subtropical, temperate and boreal variety of plants and animals. High medicinal value of only 60 families have 155 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, Tibetan amounted to 36,106,000 kg; There mushroom, fungus, and other 25 kinds of rare wild morel mushroom; agriculture with rice, corn, buckwheat, potatoes, beans other food crops and apple, pepper, tobacco, plum, oilseeds, spices and other economic crops, natural pastures 447.15 acres, can carry 57,000 cattle livestock units, is an important commodity in Yunnan Province sheep base counties. The county's forest coverage rate of 43.4%, is the focus of forest counties Jinsha River. Territory rich in mineral resources. Domestic coal reserves of about 1.5-2 million tons of proven reserves of 35 million tons. There are rich in iron, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, manganese, gold, silver, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel and other metal ore and gypsum, limestone, dolomite, marble and other mineral resources. Very rich in water resources, accounting for 10,000 cubic meters of water per capita, only a small amount of water resources and hydropower reservoirs reached 200,000 kilowatts or more, there were still 80,000 kilowatts undeveloped, developing prospects.
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Sights
Ninglang many scenic spots, have to "love, mountains, water," Pearl of the lake and the integration of the plateau matriarchal Mosuo culture; has _set_ alpine lakes, acres of rhododendron forest, acres of meadows, alpine landscape of Shilin one of the Dragon Sea eco-tourism zone; expected Township Taiwan alpine meadows, the goddess of the valley, Kyrgyzstan meaning caves, hot springs and other distinctive Yongning tourist attractions; splendid ancient Yi "Bimo culture" Pumi "Han culture of compliance." and other unique exotic ethnic culture; there forever Ningzha America lamasery, Khan suddenly moon and river troops will be out mishaps, toast Government Office and other human landscape. Colorful natural landscape and cultural landscape each, perfect match, blend, formed as the center of the lake, south of Kyrgyzstan meaning cave, county, Dragon Sea, north of Yongning dam, Sanjiangkou attractions groups.
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Folk customs
Ninglang is a mountainous landlocked county a multi-ethnic living there Yi, Han, the Mosuo people, Pumi, Lisu, Naxi, Tibetan, Bai, Zhuang, Dai, Miao, Hui and other 12 ethnic groups, folk customs simple, unique. (A) Yi 1 holiday. First, the Torch Festival. Torch Festival (Yi said Du responsibility), is a traditional festival of Yi grand. Torch Festival date is June 24 lunar principle, which lasted three days. However, some choose another auspicious festival in the previous post. Second, the New Year's Day. New Year's Day (Yi said Kusch), is another grand traditional festival of Yi. Yi New Year dates vary, general farm work done, as the case decided. 1988 County People's Government decided lunar November 16 -18 day as Yi New Year Day. Third, section eight in February and March festival. 8 February festival, held at the annual Lunar New Year on February eighth. March Festival, held in March at the annual Lunar New Year three days. Fourth, the beginning of section fifteen. Yi general but the Spring Festival, but there is the 15th lunar month playing chicken fracture mouth, playing pig evil activities. 2, diet. First, the meals. Yi people living in the mountains, the food mainly potatoes, buckwheat, oat table, wheat, corn, round roots, vegetables and so on. Second, the meat. Carnivorous Yi area are mainly cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, etc., to lamb as expensive. Butcher to fire to the hair, the hair can also be used to water. Killing sheep, fell to the ground with a stick after busting neck, pinching his throat to suffocate. Slaughter of cattle, busted head with an ax, collapsed upon cattle, cut throat, bleeding skinned. Kill a chicken, pinching his neck and choking death, singeing or scalding. Third, drinking. Yi wine for expensive weddings and marriage, festivals, banquets hospitality, mediate disputes, exorcism Pray so inseparable wine. Lolo wine, You Xilie wine drinking habits "widowed wine", that alcohol does not bite. Yi has rules, men Lu Yu wine women back, to visit friends and relatives to visit with wine, gifts must be a ritual, or coins, clothing, or livestock, and grain. Fourth, tea. Yi tea, middle-aged men and women who were drinking habits. Shaguan boiled with small earthenware, refined system for small cups, teapots, with buckwheat cake, fried food for the rank and file. Add salt and some are still in tea. Fifth, smoking. Yi-grown orchids love to suck smoke and smoking is not dating said. Yi proverb says: "the sons of tobacco smoke as smoking descendants Wang." Yi adult, elderly men and women, almost all smokers, young men and women are also smokers. 3, apparel. Before the founding of Ninglang decorations in gold, silver, copper, jade, bone, shell, etc. as raw material variety. Women, especially young women fond of wearing jewelry. Men have to wear beads left ear wearing habits. Yi clothing to Maoma based products, women's clothing styles change with age, especially under the skirt and veil. Men's clothing style, kids, youth, middle age, old age is not very different. The degree of hue and embroidered trim the size and age and identity, generally older than those Eau, younger than those gorgeous; promise more Eau clothing, even young women rarely embroidered trim to show dignified, noble. People are more colorful clothing, women's clothing young affluent families embroidered trim, bright glare. Whether it is women, men clothing, or promise, people, clothing, seasonal not strong, cold and heat constant, both year-round and is wearing a draped rain felt warm to. After the founding of the majority of men and a few women to wear Chinese dress. Yi wear clothing, their clothing is cotton, silk, fiber-based products, fashionable sewing fine. 4, marriage. Before the founding of Ninglang implement the same strict endogamy, the level of marriage, family support outside the marriage, not maternal cousin marriage, cross-cousin marriage system priority table. Male and female marriage arranged by the parents, pulp for the marriage and spouse _select_ion is very common childhood, both men and women have no right to freedom of love and marriage autonomy. After the liberation, Yi original institution of marriage has been gradually changing, intermarriage and the demise of slavery in the past because the so-called men and women of different levels who have an increasing intermarriage, some young men and women have the right to freedom of love, but there are still parents arranged and mercenary marriage phenomenon. 5, funeral. Ninglang addition to not one year old baby died inhumation, wrapped in leather cover pot burial practice, the rest are suffering from leprosy row cremation of the deceased. (B) the Mosuo people 1, festivals and sacrificial rituals. First, the Chinese New Year. Mosuo person library history, meaning the New Year. Mosuo people over the Spring Festival, a grand lively. Second, the Dragon Boat Festival. Mosuo people over the Dragon Boat Festival, in addition to the same as the Han, picking herbs, drinking realgar wine, and Bai Yan, but also burn pine, burning roasted barley flour, sprinkle toasted water, chanting the text, worship the god, the god of water and the sun, moon, stars, the gods in order to protect crops, livestock bless peace, do not scratch hail storm, pestilence downtown disasters. Third, to the mountain section (including the lake). Every year since July 25 yes, yes Mosuo people to the mountain to sea festival. Fourth, worship festival. Lunar month of October, the Mosuo people per household or by the dozen Pakistani Lama choose the day to kill swine. Slaughtered Pig this day, that is worship festival, call Pakistan chanting, worship ancestors, ceremony. Fifth, the Lupercalia festival. Lunar month on the 12th day, all the Mosuo families have to do very hearty breakfast, and some boiled pig heart sons. For burning incense before a meal offering specialized worship Faun. Sixth, offering land section. Lunar November 30, Mosuo villages with a focus on one, please read the offering to fight Palestinian land by God, but also a variety of pests through mantra, please heaven, earth, mountains, water, God forbid wind, drought, floods, hail, flood, insects and other disasters, to protect ground crops normal growth, harvest, in order to please a family-oriented play Pakistan chanting the same time, each with a branch in every corner Tanabe to burn Datang fireworks, village smoggy, worship heaven, earth, mountains, water god, this ceremony is called Moso "ground up." 2, diet. Mosuo people to corn, rice is the staple food, there are other barley, potato, oats, barley, etc., summer and autumn with green cabbage, radish, turnip, white lotus, carrots and other vegetables, winter and sour pickles, dried radish , dried fish and sour pickled fish. Before dinner, like to drink butter tea, roasted barley as adjuvant to eat. Mosuo people home will milk the cows, make butter, will make printing Erkuai Baba, fried rice and tofu slices, jelly. The meat, pig fat (also known as the pipa meat) is expensive, like sausage irrigation system, irrigation pig, rice sausage, dried liver. Men and women like to drink Su Li Ma. 3, apparel. Mosuo men and women before the age of 13 to wear a gown, a belt, the 13-year-old line Chengding ceremony, men and women are wearing clothes dajin Phnom Penh, buttons like to use silver and colored beads, buttons on the right, the center of the collar button neck and right shoulder blade next to one, there are two right armpit, every deputy two. Phnom Penh, the women's clothing, also wear collars and cuffs of yellow or green satin underwear. Under wear pleated skirts cloth nijo at least four, up to thirty feet and more, skirt length to ankle. With a variety of colored thread embroidered lace. Legend, not embroidered edges, dead find their way, in fact, for aesthetics. Mosuo women also pay attention to jewelry, head to make fake braided yak tail, the tail with a big bunch of colored silk to Qinghei based, braided 4-5 feet long, rolled into a bun, with colored beads, colored wire beam coming from the tail hanging in the left ear, wearing earrings, bracelets, saffron ribbon tied at the waist, wearing a ring, chest with silver chain, silver earrings with multi-ring, bracelet silver jade. Mosuo man wearing a broad-brimmed felt hat it on Phnom Penh dajin wear clothing, a belt, with a broadsword, wearing wide-leg pants, long the system boots, trousers off on the boots, tie ribbons on color, which is the ancestor There is a relationship between the nomads, the legacy of the ancient nomads, and from much later and Tibetan, Mosuo men's clothing also similar to the Tibetans, some of them wearing red bar (ie Tibetan clothes). 4 funeral. Mosuo People's Bank cremation, funeral rites complicated, generally divided into washing the corpse, tied corpse, requiem salvation, mortuary, coffin loaded from the dead, hit the open bar, confessed ancestral spectrum, Seba around the village, a few steps Xie other folks, etc. . 5, matriarchal family. Matrilineal family is characterized by a family man does not marry, do not marry women, maternal pedigree to calculate, family wealth inherited by the woman, grandmother, grandmother, parents, grandmother, not the mother of the parents. Men go out of business, money, housework and women responsible for agricultural production. Mosuo family structure and corresponding Assia marriage, known as the walking marriage, is the most characteristic Mosuo cultural resources, but also the Northwest's most famous cultural tourism resources. Assia Assia marriage can be divided into different ranks Assia marriage and cohabitation marriage, the former is characterized by both sides usually the home of the mother house, the man only female Assia home at night to live, the mother returned home early in the morning, the children are born to the woman family members, the mother's surname, which is men do not marry women do not marry. Assia cohabitation to marriage is male or female, to groom female family living together. Whether married or Assia Assia and Living cohabitation marriage, love is the foundation. Once both emotional breakdown, Assia relationship that came to an end. Independent marriage, focusing on the feelings of love in the aggregate is merciless, and everything Mosuo people Assia Marriage freedom is the most significant features. (C) Pumi 1 holiday. Pumi major festivals I Xi Festival, big fifteen, Dragon Boat Festival, July and a half, and the epistemic Festival, Mt Festival. "I Xi" section ("I" means, the "past" means new, that New Year) is a traditional festival Pumi, generally held at the sixth or seventh lunar month, the eighth day. Layue fifteen large fifteen. Fifth lunar month the Dragon Boat Festival. Epistemic harvest festival, the new grain into wine, the first sacrifice "were Bala," God, the ancestors first, followed by the family to enjoy a drink, talk about the year harvest scene. Mt festival date is not fixed, and some election day in the lunar month of October, and some _select_ed lunar day. 2, diet. Pumi commonly eaten rice, wheat, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, beans, peas, green beans and so on. Vegetables with turnip, melons, peppers, radishes, cabbage, tomato-based. Common pork, beef and lamb meat, like milk and produce butter, cheese. Ninglang Pumi hi to butter on noodles. Especially famous is the "Zhu Biaorou", its production method is: after the pig slaughter dig gutted, removing bones, sprinkle with salt and pepper pig abdominal and abdominal suture pigs, pickled wind up on a Prince of a complete pig, Pumi language called "Our tribute." Because of shape like lute, also called "pipa meat" is top grade entertain guests. Pumi like tea, smoking and drinking. Many different types of tea, mainly butter, of tea, salt, tea, walnut tea, snow tea. There are smoke pipe down, snuff, cigarettes and so on. Wine of rum, wine, liquor three. Wine is an important ritual gifts and hospitality. Pumi hospitality, whenever a visitor, always import the Theravada, pampered and buttered noodles, followed by a cup of wine bowl Su Li Ma hospitality. Wait until the meal, the owner brought out steaming beef, mutton and Zhu Biaorou, plus a bowl of onion, garlic, chili pepper and cedar as well as hot and sour soup, the owner next to the attentive escort, until complete dining, family members start with rice. 3, Fashion: 1949 years ago, when the children of men and women wore linen Pumi long fir, Department of linen belt. After the 13-year-old held mitzvahs, men wear dajin hemp clothes, with baggy trousers, draped collar sheepskin coat. Rich man in black, blue corduroy jacket, waist Pulu and then prime coat, knee legging with a cloth, sounded the Department sac, mostly barefoot, sometimes wearing a homemade semi-cylindrical pig shoes, wearing bracelets rings and rings. Pumi woman Baotou Pa, braided hair, like yak tail and silk braids incorporated into the dish on top of the head, with thick braids for the United States. In red, white, blue, black and other colors in Phnom Penh dajin clothing, a pleated skirt, like blue, white, blue and other colors. With large red, white, blue, yellow and other colors of ribbon waist, back draped white sheepskin. Chest wearing silver chains, wearing bracelets rings and rings, but also like to use colorful beaded headdress or necklace, ear wear coral or jade pendant. Pumi older adult men and women clothing and apparel for men and women is basically the same, but no bright clothing color, generally used in blue, black cloth, do not wear jewelry, also without a wig, wrapped around a large number of meter-long black veil, plain tie belt. Now, with the economic and social development, people's living standards gradually improved, Pumi people and the people on the mainland, like, put on cotton, wool, synthetic clothing material, but Pumi ethnic costumes did not change, but Clothing color is more beautiful, the fabric is more stress, more innovative style. 4 funeral. Pumi think that after death the soul will forever from corpses, corpses for incineration, but the soul still exists, thus forming a deal with the soul and the body placed the funeral ceremony. Ninglang Pumi practice cremation, funeral vary their country, but have implemented a secondary burial.
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Administrative divisions
Ninglang County jurisdiction 15 village a town 86 village committees, five communities, 1,122 villagers group, 32 residents group. Daxing town: exempted Lok, Daxing, dry river son, big Village Street, Chahe five communities and yellow plate floor, pulling all the river 2 village, 32 residents group and 17 villagers. Arab Township: exempted care Austin, Gase, Tin Par, Guevara, five Arab village, 63 villagers. Yongning Township: exempted drowning, Yongning, dragging branches, loach ditch, wooden bottom Qing, Spa 6 village, 72 villagers. Jade Township: exempted guantian, libraries feet, should end, jade, two floors, Chun Tung six village, 68 villagers. Red Bridge Township: exempted Hongqiao, Zhuang room, large pear, gold ditch, big ditch, yellow wax old seven village, 74 villagers. Hongqi Township: exempted Crown Dam, red, nitrate water Ping, Bainiuchang, sheep JINWOZI, Hua Gang six village, 71 villagers. Ning Li Township: exempted jade deer, Ning Li, white lawn, cattle JINWOZI, Long Ping five village, 72 villagers. Kim Cotton Township: exempted star, Kim Cotton, Long Tong, dragging feet 4 village, 52 villagers. Nishikawa Township: exempted community horses, black Chidi, dabaidi, shimenkan, sarin, Sha Li River, Takeyama 7 village, 127 villagers. Battle Township: exempted Han factory, Wan River, Battle Creek, Pine River, Clearwater River, fungus Ping, poor child to pull seven village, 113 villagers. West Township: exempted Bi source, the major groove, rock Glasgow, home River, Medina River, Wuji, West River, seven village, 109 villagers. Yongning Tsubosato: December jurisdiction Xi Ping, Malutang, grasping Ma Ping, Ping 4 Yongning village, 45 villagers. Happy Tsubosato: jurisdiction sheep farm, village, Happy Ping, Li Ping 4 sand village, 61 villagers. Cicada war Township: exempted three streams of water, Kazuma plant Ganhaizi, cicadas Battle Creek 4 village, 44 villagers. New Camp Township: exempted the new camp, home hair, hairy mushroom Ping, drug turf, Dongfeng 5 village, 55 villagers. Mud Townlet: jurisdiction Wan Tao, two pull dam, Maoniuping, Majin Zi, sophomore, the water caoba, mud Qing 7 village, 79 villagers.
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Thesaurus
Ninglang The yis
Containing Phrases
Ninglang the yis autonomous county disease prevention place from which a large factory, organization, project, etc is controlled and instructions sent out
Jinmian township