In western Gansu Province, the western end of the Hexi Corridor, the party River, Lan-Xin Railway through the Northern Territory. Historical and cultural city in China. A city in 1987. Population 12 43 million (1995). The ancient Silk Road leading to Central Asia and Europe "to stand. Monuments have Mogao Grottoes, a national key cultural relics protection units. There Yumenguan, Yang Guan and other monuments.
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No. 2
Dunhuang is located in the western end of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, located in Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces (regions) Interchange, south Qilian Mazongshan north, east and west sides of the Gobi Desert, with an average elevation of 1138 meters, forming a north-south high, middle low, sloping from west to northeast basin plain terrain, the city's total area of 31,200 square kilometers, of which the oasis area of 1400 square kilometers, accounting for only 4.5% of the total area, and is surrounded by desert, it is "desert oasis" said. Dunhuang is located inland, obvious feature is the dry climate, large temperature, rainfall, evaporation, sunshine for a long time, with four distinct seasons. Due to drought, the annual average rainfall of 39.3 mm, evaporation is as high as 2486 mm, it is obvious desert climate, a typical arid continental climate. Oasis by the river nourishing party, party river originates in the North Qilian flow, length 390 km, the basin area 16,800 square kilometers, the annual runoff of 328 million cubic meters, water conservation is an important lifeline of Dunhuang, in addition to the party within the river, the ground water well west ditch, east ditch, Nanhu District spring, spring total spill volume of 3.14 m3 / s, the annual runoff of 99,023,000 cubic meters. Exploitation of groundwater, Dunhuang has become the main source of people's living water and industrial water. The total population of the majority Han, Hui, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uygur, Miao, Manchu, soil, Tujia, Kazakh, Dongxiang, Yu solid and other 10 ethnic minorities accounted for only 1.06 percent. 2 municipal town 10 townships, 79 village committees, 381 village groups. Sha Zhou Zhen is the municipal government is located, is the city's political, economic and cultural center. Seven Mile 7 km west of the town is a very nice new building oil city, is now the Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau to the resident, the resident population of over 30,000. All are irrigated. Because of fertile soil, good irrigation conditions, suitable for a variety of crops grown. The main crops are wheat, corn, cotton, flax, melons and vegetables. There orchard area of 43,318 acres within the oasis, the main varieties of fruit trees are apples, pears, peaches, apricots, dates, grapes, produce a variety of fruit every year more than 2000 kg.
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Dunhuang Overview
Dunhuang in Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces (regions) of the intersection. Population of over 180,000, the city's economy is mainly based on agriculture, tourism services, followed by the cultural connotation of Dunhuang was brilliant and profound and famous. Dunhuang South pillow imposing Mountains, west of the vast expanse of the Taklimakan Desert, north of North Cyprus meandering craggy mountains, towering peaks and crags East confrontation Sanweishan. Area of 31,200 square kilometers. A warm temperate climate. Annual rainfall of only 39.9 mm, while evaporation is as high as 2400 mm. Full sunshine, long frost. In the mountains embrace natural small basin, river snow moistens party fertile fertile soil, shade trees blocking the dark and stormy sand; grain and cotton Hanlaobaoshou, seasonal fruits and fragrance; desert spectacle mysterious, magic Gobi Sea bizarre; cultural relics famous, talented ...... beautiful Dunhuang, is a block rich, magical, alluring land. "London, big too;. Huang, Sheng also" grand glorious Dunhuang has a long history, splendid culture! Back in the late primitive society, the Central Plains tribes migrated to the war after the failure of three Hmong Hexi thrive here. They hunt mainly began to grasp the original agricultural production techniques. Dunhuang area was excavated Neolithic stone knives, stone axes and pottery, bronze. Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Dunhuang, an ancient Guazhou range, there are three seedlings descendants, was called Qiangrong nomadic tribe _set_tled here. Dunhuang area found many petroglyphs left by nomads still vivid. Warring States Period and Qin, Dunhuang area inhabited yueshi, Wusun people Cypriot race. Later, yueshi strong and prosperous, mergers original Qiangrong. Warring States Period, yueshi people off Wusun people, Cypriot kinds of people, exclusive Dunhuang until the Qin Mohan. Dunhuang Han and Tang after baptism, splendid culture, monuments all over, there Mogao Grottoes, Yulin Grottoes, Western Thousand Buddha Caves and other major historical and cultural landscape. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, also known as known as "Pearl of Oriental Art," said China's largest existing caves, retained the 10 dynasties, after 492 years of cave murals over 45,000 square meters, more than 2,000 painted sculptures. Multiple themes drawn from Buddhist stories, but also reflect the prevailing customs, farming organizations, hunting, weddings, festivals and other joyous murals. These colorful murals superb Warriors, is recognized as the "dawn of human civilization," treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. Song Ningzong open Jubilee years (AD 1206), Yuan Taizu Temujin (Genghis Khan) Mobei unified the tribes, the establishment of a powerful tribal alliance. 1227, the Mongol armies destroy Xia, tapping Kashagan and other places, all the Hexi area owned by the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, up to the sand State Road Dunhuang, Gansu under the executive secretariat. After the sand was promoted to state house. Yuan expedition to the West, must pass through Dunhuang. At that time melon, sand two states Jiji troops, castles crowded, soldiers agricultural _set_tlements throughout the party River, Shule River. Dunhuang was showing a picture of the economic and cultural prosperity, and Western trade more frequently. The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo is this period via Dunhuang roaming around the Central Plains. Yuan dynasty rulers in thrall Buddhism. The Mogao Grottoes continuity. Existing Yuan cave about 10. Since the Yuan dynasty, a thousand miles west gradually lost its former glory. After the establishment of the Ming dynasty emperor, for the removal of remnants yuan, send Songguo Gong Feng winning three soldiers put down the west road wins, the construction of the Great Wall Jiayuguan, rebuilt the city of Suzhou. In order to strengthen the Ming Dynasty Northwest Frontier defense, _set_ Kansai seven guard. Yongle years (AD 1405), located in Dunhuang sand state guard. After the break Turpan, Hami, Dunhuang threatened. Han Dong Ming Dynasty and _set_ Samori in the sand states of the ancient city. Masanori eleven years (AD 1516), Dunhuang, Turpan is occupied. Jiajing three years (AD 1524), Ming Dynasty ordered the lockout Jiayuguan, the Kansai civilians migratory customs, abandoned melon, sand two states. After two centuries of Dunhuang desert without building became "Fengbo F. Liu empty miles, Yue Zhao quicksand other day," the land of the desert. Kangxi late Qing dynasty gradually regained Jiayuguan vast areas outside. Yongzheng three years (AD 1725), established in Dunhuang sand state guard and start from around 2400 to Dunhuang in Gansu immigrants _set_tle land reclamation, while moved to Turpan, a large number of soldiers, the people at Lop Sha Chau area. Yongzheng end, sand state has 10 million acres of arable land, 10 points lead the party canal irrigation water, agriculture has been quick recovery and development, the formation of the western desert oasis of Hexi Corridor. Qianlong 25 years (1760), changed state guard up sand Dunhuang County, under the Anxi directly under the State until the Revolution, after the 1949 founding of the PRC, Dunhuang has been the county seat. In 1987 the State Council approved the establishment of a county to Dunhuang City. 1986 was named by the State Council as "Chinese historical and cultural city." Dunhuang, vicissitudes, with several ups and downs, stumbled through the steps covered nearly five thousand miles long and tortuous. Nurtured a long history and splendid ancient culture of Dunhuang, Dunhuang is still so brilliant; that land of cultural relics, books voluminous literature, fine arts caves, mysterious mountains, water ...... so odd ancient city Ambilight make desert oasis more lush, vibrant, like a verdant emerald _set_ in the golden desert, more beautiful, more brilliant. Tourist traffic: The most convenient way to Dunhuang is the aircraft, major cities have Dunhuang, Lanzhou, Jiayuguan flights or direct train from Lanzhou, Xi'an to Dunhuang _set_ up a dedicated travel air-conditioned sleeper, 18:00 start, 9:00 arrived dipyridamole high Cave, generally choose to take the train that day in advance through the "New Silk Road Ticket" early booking sleeper ticket to a good round.
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Administrative division code
敦煌市 行政区划代码
620982
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Location
Dunhuang City of Gansu Province in the northwest, under the jurisdiction of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province. Longitude 92 ° 13'-95 ° 30 ', latitude 39 ° 53'-41 ° 35'. Things were and Guazhou County, Subei Mongolian Autonomous County and Aksay Kazak Autonomous phase. The total area of 31,200 square kilometers, of which the oasis area of 1400 square kilometers, accounting for only 4.5% of the total area, and is surrounded by desert, it is "desert oasis" said. The city's total population of 18 million, of which agricultural population of 9.3 million people. The total population of the majority Han, Hui, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uygur, Miao, Manchu, Tujia, Kazakh, Dongxiang, Yu solid and other 10 ethnic minorities accounted for only 1.06% of the total population. Municipal People's Government resident: Sha Zhou Zhen, Postal Code: 736200. Code: 620982. Code: 0937.
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Administrative divisions
Dunhuang Municipality five towns, four townships: Sha Zhou Zhen, Suzhou town, Moga town, turn Drainage Town, Seven Mile Town, Yang Xiang, Guo BU Xiang, Huang canal town, Yang Town; state farms Dunhuang Qinghai Petroleum Administration life base. Sha Zhou Zhen as the municipal government is located, is the city's political, economic and cultural center. 7 km west of the town of Seven Mile is a new type of oil city, is now the location of the Qinghai Petroleum Administration and Qinghai Oilfield Logistics life base.
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Geographical environment
Dunhuang territory of East Sanweishan, Mingsha south west desert, connected with the Taklimakan, the north is desert, and the Tianshan Mountains phase. North-south high, middle low, tilted from southwest to northeast, with an average elevation of less than 1200 meters, 1138 meters above sea level downtown. Party Shule River alluvial fan belt and alluvial plains, constitute the Dunhuang this piece inland plains. A large expanse of desert and oasis, forming a unique natural landscape. Like a fan oasis area from southwest to northeast started. Because landlocked, obvious feature is a dry climate, rainfall, evaporation, temperature difference between day and night, long hours of sunshine. Average annual rainfall of 39.9 mm, 2486 mm evaporation, sunshine hours throughout the year to 3,246.7 hours. Here the four seasons, spring, warm and windy, hot summer heat, cool autumn and winter cold. The annual average temperature is 9.4 ℃, the highest monthly average temperature of 24.9 ℃ (7 months), monthly average minimum temperature of -9.3 ℃ (1 month), extreme maximum temperature 43.6 ℃, the lowest temperature of -28.5 ℃, annual average rainfall of 39.9 mm , evaporation of 2490 mm, the average frost-free period 142 days, is a typical warm temperate arid climate. Dunhuang oasis nourishing river by the party. River originates in the Qilian party, length 390 km, the basin area 16,800 square kilometers, 328 million cubic meters of annual runoff, water conservation is an important lifeline of Dunhuang, Dunhuang mother of the people. In addition to the river within the party, the surface water as well as the west ditch, east ditch, Nanhu District, spring, spring total spill volume of 3.14 m3 / s, the annual runoff of 99,023,000 cubic meters.
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Natural resources
Dunhuang City, 32 acres of arable land, grassland area of 57 acres, 119 acres of natural forest area, and another 406 acres of land to reclaim. Because of fertile soil, good irrigation conditions, for a variety of crops grown, the main crops are cotton, watermelons, melons, vegetables, wheat and corn. Dunhuang light conditions are more favorable, because adequate light, photosynthesis is strong, large temperature difference between day and night, is the province's largest cotton production base and melons and fruits. Annual output of high-quality fruit over 2000 million kg of high quality lint 15,000 tons. Territory rich in mineral resources, mainly Glauber, asbestos, vanadium, gold, manganese and other four categories 26 varieties, which is located Fangshankou vanadium ore reserves of 1,258,600 tons of proven, ranking fourth in the country.
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History
"London, large as well; Huang, Sheng also," the grand glorious Dunhuang has a long history, splendid culture! Back in the late primitive society, the Central Plains tribes migrated to the war after the failure of three Hmong Hexi thrive here. They hunt mainly began to grasp the original agricultural production techniques. Dunhuang area was excavated Neolithic stone knives, stone axes and pottery, bronze. Xia, Shang and Zhou, the ancient Dunhuang is Guazhou range, there are three seedlings descendants, was called Qiangrong nomadic tribe _set_tled here. Dunhuang area found many petroglyphs left by nomads still vivid. Warring States Period and Qin, Dunhuang area inhabited yueshi, Wusun people Cypriot race. Later, yueshi strong and prosperous, mergers original Qiangrong. Warring States Period, yueshi people off Wusun people, Cypriot kinds of people, exclusive Dunhuang until the Qin Mohan. Western Han Dynasty, the Huns invaded the west, twice thwarted Yuezhi, forcing migration in Mesopotamia West Rouzhi (Syr Darya, Amu Darya). The entire territory of the Hexi Corridor of the Huns. Powerful Huns to "control than thirty million people in the strings" of power and influence, to pose a serious threat to the Western Han Dynasty, and often harassed plunder. Following the Han Dynasty ingenious bit of force to take a combination of both defense and proactive strategy, in Yuan two years (138 years ago), the first time the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian, contact Yuezhi, Wusun attack the Huns. Yuanshou years (121 years ago), the Han Dynasty decided to break the enemy's right arm, tuck the sheets I left, marching in the Hexi Corridor. In the same year the spring, sent hussars commanded Wan Qi Huo from Longxi Frontier, into the west, victory. Not only captured the son Hunxie Wang's, Parkinson countries, but also seized the Huns "Heaven Jin," Hun forces to the west with a heavy blow. Han Wudi put this trophy placed in the Oasis Palace "(Shaanxi Fengxiang) to support Sunday. Mogao Cave 323 north wall painted with paragraph story that year day, Huo led a cavalry Wade strips from the water, straight Qilian , beheaded enemy 3 million people, making Hexi Hun forces suffer a devastating blow, during which the Huns ruling group strife, Hunxie Wang Wang Tu killed off, carrying 40,000 people surrender their ministry Han Han Yuan Ding years (115 years ago), the second envoy Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, smoothly from Wusun triumphant return since then, opening the way to the Silk Road. Zhang Qian "hollowing" of the line, is the history of the Western Transportation initiative to promote economic and cultural exchanges with foreign and Western Central between different ethnic groups, the establishment of a monumental historical merits. In order to completely sever the Huns and Xiqiang pathways and connections, to defend the frontier, and the Silk Road Safety, the Han Dynasty in Yuanshou years (121 years ago), in the west and _set_ in Jiuquan County Wuwei County. And the use of fortification, _set_tlement, immigration and other measures, and constantly enrich and strengthen the construction of Hexi. Chinese Yuan Ding six years (111 years ago), in turn Jiuquan, Wuwei two counties were demolished home in Dunhuang, Zhangye two counties. And from C of (now Yeongdeungpo) until the salt marshes by the Dunhuang (now Lop) built the Great Wall and Feng Sui, and _set_ off the sun, Pass, known as the "column four counties, according to two off" to ensure that the Silk Road smooth. Since then, China's silk and a steady stream of advanced technology spread to Central Asia, West Asia and Europe. Europe, the Mediterranean coast and the Western jade, agate, strange birds and animals, crops and other long-distance transport to the Central Plains. Envoys, soldiers, merchants, monks contacts without a break, go through the Silk Road Dunhuang arteries. Dunhuang Western Transportation "throat lock and key." Dunhuang was a vast territory, ruled over six counties. West Long Le Yang Guan, east to Yuan Quan (now Yumen west), North Joaquim Dai I (now Hami City), south Xiqiang (now Qaidam). After the construction of Dunhuang County, operating as the Western Han Dynasty Western laid a solid foundation. As General Er Shi Li Guangli cutting Dawan country was Ferghana horse; Zhao broken country regardless of division captured slaves defeated king of Loulan are Dunhuang as forage, horses supply base and win in one fell swoop. Eastern Han Dynasty, the Huns gradually strong, had conquered most of the Western Region under the jurisdiction of the Western Han Dynasty, the Silk Road was interrupted. AD 75, the Eastern Han Dynasty sent troops to advance on the North Quad Huns, liangzhou husbandry sinus solid rate Hexi soldiers defeated the Huns, etc. Yiwu regained lost ground to reopen the portal leading to the Western Regions. Ban Chao dispatched same name twice in the Han Dynasty, the Huns killed envoys, contact Central Asia and Eastern Han Dynasty established friendly relations severed 65 years to make the Silk Road re-open. Period from the end of the Western Han Dynasty _set_ up county to Western hundreds of years, although a few of the Silk Road through several Jedi, but Dunhuang increasingly showing a scene of prosperity, have gradually developed into a commercial and cultural center of the northwest military powerhouse, to become "the National Chiao Tung Hua Rong will. " In the meantime, Dunhuang culture developed, a large pool of celebrities, talented people: there are brave and fierce champion Zhang Huan levy side, there are righteous courtier cover Xun, a great writer has outstanding scholarship Hou Jin, there is studious, called "grass Holy, "" Sage, "the famous calligrapher Zhang Zhi brother, Zhang Chang et. Yongjia Sangluan, the destruction of the Western Jin Dynasty, Jin Shi south, the establishment of the Eastern Jin regime. The majority of the northern region appeared melee "Wuhu", "sixteen country" separatist situation. Wei and Jin Dynasties Hexi region has established a pre-cool, cool, cool Southern, Western Liang, Northern Liang feudal regime. Former Liang Zhang Jun period, the state has changed Dunhuang sand. 400 AD, Li Gao [Note: for the day to the next higher] According to Dunhuang king, establish Xiliang country. Dunhuang States the first time ever, after the death of North cool. When pre-cooler, Western Liang, Northern Liang regime has ruled three Hexi area, more attention would like to repair internal affairs, Min Bao border, kept taxes low, importance to agriculture, Chong Shangru school, _set_ up education. So Hexi area of social stability, economic prosperity, cultural prosperity. During this period, liangzhou has become a cultural center in northern China, and Dunhuang is liangzhou cultural center, celebrities and scholars on behalf of many people. If so-called "Dunhuang Wulong," the Suojing, Bom Zhong, Zhang Biao, Si dielectric cable, cable Wing, both famous literary time. Suojing or history of the famous calligrapher. Dunhuang by the master of the Song defibrillators, Guowang Yu, Liu C class day, lectured to hundreds of thousands of people and apprentices, Dunhuang Kan horse for writing the "Thirteen state records," is important to our ancient geography books. There astronomer Zhao Wen and cable bandit attack, Song Yao, Zhang Zhan Dunhuang and other more well-known scholars. Sixteen States Period, warlords Central Plains, the war everywhere, people displaced and in dire straits, and the Hexi become relatively stable areas. Central Plains have a large number of people from their homes Shuoxue Suru and fled west refuge, bringing advanced culture and production technology. In particular, the Han, Wei incoming unprecedented flourishing of Buddhism in Dunhuang. War-torn people bowed "Buddha" feet, hope for relief of suffering, to live a happy, stable life. Dunhuang Buddhist center of Buddhism channels and portals, also Hexi area. There are a large number of Buddhist monks at Dunhuang preaching. Buddhists from all over the west for more than a study to learn here. If native Dunhuang scriptures Masters Dharmaraksa; has traveled to India to study Buddhism in Dunhuang Yun Song and so on. Fa Xian, such as boiling Kumarajiva guru go either east or west in Dunhuang left their footprints. After Qin Yuan two years (366 AD], Le Zun monk Sanweishan mountain valley first open Oizumi Buddha Grottoes, the Mogao Grottoes was born., Made the opening move Buddha Cave lasted for thousands of years, creating a well-known in World of Dunhuang art. Off the Northern Liang Wei, the unification of the north, occupied the west. During this period, Dunhuang relatively stable, people live and work, along with the prevalence of Buddhism. Northern people in the Mogao caves dug 13. Establishment of the Sui Dynasty, ending the 300 years since the Western Jin Dynasty split situation, complete the great cause of reunification of China. When Emperor Wen recover west, the Turks have subsided, Tuguhun intrusion, ensuring smooth and prosperity of the Silk Road. Zhou Ming ShaXian simultaneously changed since Dunhuang County. Emperor Wen put down the southern separatist regime, will be awarded the Southern aristocracy with its tribal migration Dunhuang charge far side, brought to Dunhuang culture and customs of the South. Thus, the north-south integration of Chinese culture in Dunhuang, Dunhuang local culture make richer obvious characteristics. Wendi thrall Buddhism, stupa built several occasions issued an edict states. Zhao Ming far to Dunhuang. Under the supreme ruler of the advocate, the Sui Dynasty, although there a short 37 years, but in the Mogao Grottoes much as 77, and the large-scale, colorful murals and superb, the coexistence of two distinct north-south art style. Cause of the early years, the Emperor sent to the Ministry of Personnel assistant minister Peiju Zhangye, Dunhuang along the Silk Road and Western trade and commerce to understand the situation. Cause of five years (AD 609), Emperor Yang West Tour, held in Zhangye Western Conference of the 27-nation trade transactions, unprecedented. Early Tang Dynasty, located in the west Su, melon, sand three states. Hexi all owned by Don belongs. Dynasty fourteen years (640 AD), Emperor Li Shimin fell swoop eradicate barriers to the Western Turks based on what avenue to ensure the smooth flow of the Silk Road lane. Dunhuang same country as the Tang Dynasty, the height of the economic and cultural prosperity, Buddhism is very prosperous. Mogao Grottoes number up to more than 1000 caves, save up to now has 232 caves. Frescoes and statues have reached unusually high artistic level, Dynasty nineteen years (AD 645), Tang Xuan Zang returned to India to learn through Dunhuang returned to Chang'an. The rise of the Tang Dynasty when the Tubo Dynasty of China's southwestern increasingly powerful. After the "Rebellion", the Tang Dynasty began to decline from the peak, never recovered. Tubo Cheng Xu offensive west, captured the liangzhou, Ganzhou, Suzhou and other places. Sha Chau soldiers insisted people 11 years of resistance, the end result of exhaustion, to the city down Fan. Since then, the Tibetan ruling all the west, more than 70 years. Tibetan Buddhism also, Tang Mogao caves in to save a lot of Tubo period of mural art. Library Cave in the preservation of Tibetan culture through a lot of volume. Tang Xuanzong Dazhong years (AD 848 years), Dunhuang Tibetan people unbearable dark reign, slave-like life, the locals take the Tubo Dynasty Chang Yi Chao civil unrest, contact the local people of all nationalities, mob uprising, off the Tibetan nobility , stroke recovery Sha Chau. After 10 years of struggle to regain all of Hexi, Hehuang other places, and Tang emissary Fengbiao go. Chang Yi-Feng Chao Tang Dynasty Hexi, Hehuang eleven states Jiedushi, built Guiyijun, sand York. Later, the court Chao Chang Yi influx of people towards the official, Sha Chau Chang clan strife. Zhang Cheng Fengsi Jiedushi his grandson, rebel Tang Zili "Western Han Jinshan Guo", claiming "Gold white emperor." At this point, Ganzhou Uighur also control the Hexi Corridor region. "Jinshan Guo" as something to get through the traffic, and the back cuckoo war, the result failure. After the attack Uighur Sha Chau, Zhang Cheng Feng is difficult to resist, but to surrender. AD 9l4 years, Jinshan Guo death, Zhang died out, of Cao Jin Sha Zhou Zhangshi replace Jiedushi position, commanding melon, sand two states. Cao during the reign win melon, sand mayor, attention to the development of production, attention to economic, military and cultural construction, to improve relations with the various ethnic groups around East Exchange Uighur, Western Union Khotan, in harmony with the neighboring countries to maintain stability and peace maintain a 130 years. Early 11th century, the party of ethnic Northwest region began to rise gradually stronger. AD 1028 to win Gansu Uighur, followed Guazhou fall, sand states dominate the west. Western Xia dynasty established in 1038. At that time, the formation of the Song, Liao, Western Xia three pillars of the situation. Dunhuang in Xixia ruling hundred years, due to the importance of economic development, so Dunhuang maintained since the Han Dynasty, "rich people thing, and the Central Plains is not special" level. Western Xia ruler Worship of Buddhism, does not exclude the Chinese culture, arts and culture also have a big development. So far, the Mogao and Yulin Grottoes save a lot of rich and unique Xixia Buddhist art. World-famous "Dunhuang in Xixia'' That reign (AD 1036) enclosed in a Mogao Cave 17. Song Ningzong open Jubilee years (AD 1206), Yuan Taizu Temujin (Genghis Khan) Mobei unified the tribes, the establishment of a powerful tribal alliance. 1227, the Mongol armies destroy Xia, tapping Kashagan and other places, all the Hexi area owned by the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, up to the sand State Road Dunhuang, Gansu under the executive secretariat. After the sand was promoted to state house. Yuan expedition to the West, must pass through Dunhuang. At that time melon, sand two states Jiji troops, castles crowded, soldiers agricultural _set_tlements throughout the party River, Shule River. Dunhuang was showing a picture of the economic and cultural prosperity, and Western trade more frequently. The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo is this period via Dunhuang roaming around the Central Plains. Yuan dynasty rulers in thrall Buddhism. Mogao opening made continuity. Existing Yuan cave about 10. Since the Yuan dynasty, a thousand miles west gradually lost its former glory. After the establishment of the Ming dynasty emperor, for the removal of remnants yuan, send Songguo Gong Feng winning three soldiers put down the west road wins, the construction of the Great Wall Jiayuguan, rebuilt the city of Suzhou. In order to strengthen the Ming Dynasty Northwest Frontier defense, _set_ Kansai seven guard. Yongle years (AD 1405), located in Dunhuang sand state guard. After the break Turpan, Hami, Dunhuang threatened. Han Dong Ming Dynasty and _set_ Samori in the sand states of the ancient city. Masanori eleven years (AD 1516), Dunhuang, Turpan is occupied. Jiajing three years (AD 1524), Ming Dynasty ordered the lockout Jiayuguan, the Kansai civilians migratory customs, abandoned melon, sand two states. After two centuries of Dunhuang desert without building became "Fengbo F. Liu empty miles, Yue Zhao quicksand other day," the desert of the earth. Kangxi late Qing dynasty gradually regained Jiayuguan vast areas outside. Yongzheng three years (AD 1725), established in Dunhuang sand state guard and start from around 2400 to Dunhuang in Gansu immigrants _set_tle land reclamation, while moved to Turpan, a large number of soldiers, the people at Lop Sha Chau area. Yongzheng end, sand state has 10 million acres of arable land, 10 points lead the party canal irrigation water, agriculture has been quickly restored and developed to form the western desert oasis of Hexi Corridor. Qianlong 25 years (1760), changed state guard up sand Dunhuang County, under the Anxi directly under the State until the Revolution, after the 1949 founding of the PRC, Dunhuang has been the county seat. In 1987 the State Council approved the establishment of a county to Dunhuang City. 1986 was named by the State Council as "Chinese historical and cultural city."
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旅游资源
[Sanweishan] of Dunhuang Sanweishan Mountain tourist area is located 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, and for the edge of the Mogao Grottoes with Buddha, embraced on the Silk Road, the formation of a unique Buddhist culture tourism landscape. Sanweishan stretches for dozens of miles from the main peak every big Sutlej Mingsha sea, "the Sanfeng stands, if want to risk falling Gu Yun Sanweishan. The Sanwei Mountain is a the Dunhuang history of a famous mountain, the Dunhuang history of civilization, the birthplace of, According to the Book of Mountains and Seas records Sanweishan Bird in three Bluebird place to live in the ancient myths and legends, Blue Bird is the Queen Mother of the West of mythological figures feeding the lad This gives Sanweishan, covered with a veil of mystery, combined with a letter Zuo, Historical Records and other records, three green tribal origin in the Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, and were defeated in tribal war, part of the three Hmong are exiled to Sanweishan According to historical research, Green was originally based on the birds dragon as a totem of national, three so-called Blue Bird Habitat of south totem nation was exiled to here three birds, three Miao ethnic migration to Sanweishan since written records in the history earliest residents of Dunhuang, has thus opened a splendid history of Dunhuang page.
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旅游购物
Dunhuang, wine, mineral water Dunhuang, Dunhuang fruit drinks are very popular with people all ages.
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Tou
Li Guangxing Dunhuang Li Guangxing can be called the king of fruits, Li Guangxing every July is harvest season. Huang Liang Li Guangxing its luster, juice sweet as honey and reputation. Li Guangxing about the origins, there is a beautiful legend, legend Western Han Dynasty, General Li Fei expedition led his troops, the heat of summer, soldiers parched unbearable. Suddenly a burst of scent the air strikes, I saw two horses floating down from the clouds of colored silk. Lee rode chase tongue, pull shot sky, which crashed landed horse colored silk into a fruit of Kyorin. Everyone fought, bitter like silence. Li Ping angrily cut Kyorin, Wei next morning, and was surprised to find Zhifan leaves with Kyorin, fresh dripping Apricot mouthwatering. Lee factory could not help but bite off a suddenly incense reins, pick apricots soldiers have eaten, feel a spiritual multiplication. It turned out that two rolls of colored silk This is a sweet and bitter apricot apricot fairy fairies, the Queen Mother's life to rescue Li Feng, they simply play, angered Li and shot down the bitter apricot fairy, fairy night apricot rope to the bitter apricot fairy, fairy display, connected on a bitter sweet almond tree almond pile, and finally bear the fragrance of sweet apricot. Li Jie Wei then worked to save the trapped sweet apricot, with Li army successor Dunhuang, so people call it Dunhuang Li Guangxing. Ming Shan jujube Dunhuang Eight Six strange, to a large Ming Shan jujube sweet nutritious known. Each tablet weighing up to 45 grams of fresh dates, mature looks bright red in transparent black. Like a ruby, it is rich in protein, fat, vitamins and calcium, phosphorus, iron and other nutrients, high medicinal value, is blood, Qi, Yang Shen, soothe the nerves of the share. Dried jujube jujube and wine should date. Dunhuang jujube wine flavor alone hold, prepared by the autumn pick a big plump fresh dates, wine, stir, sealed in tile altar, to unseal the winter, fresh as ever. Date incense accompanied by wine, really make people greedy saliva overflow Dayton, smoked smoked desire drunk. Yang Yang Guan Guan grapes under the ancient grapes, seedless varieties are mainly white pearl, white crystal, horse milk, Kashi Red, Rose, in recent years and the introduction of Red Bank, and other famous black embankment new varieties. Yang Guan is surrounded by desert climate, light a long time, the temperature difference between day and night, grapes grow thin, the color of fresh, fragrant, juicy, sweet and sour, good quality. Yang Guan grapes either fresh, but also dried, but also wine. Today, Lake Township ancient sun off under grape production has become a base for the new 1000 m grape corridor, equipped with stone bench, stone table, visitors entered the grape corridor, while watching while sipping leisurely self hinder it not music almost! Melon to Dunhuang Dunhuang Dunhuang eat melon, but one big regret. Ancient Dunhuang area rich in beauty melon, it is "Guazhou," said historical records:. "Guazhou ancient Dunhuang, where the beauty melon Fox people do not reveal both." Dunhuang enough water melon, high sugar content, is refreshing thirst to share, Dun tent melon varieties, mainly shells melon, honey taste red, Keke Qi, Yellow honey, golden queen, cantaloupe, honeydew melon, etc., which Huanghemi new varieties for the most, its melon round, a little skin color Huang Liang like gold, jade Beatrice flesh color is very attractive. Sweet melon flavor, bite lip stick honey, fragrant, mellow and have faint smell of alcohol. One of the eight strange perfume pear Dunhuang, Dunhuang winter season comes, you'll see a kind of frozen as stone, dark brown with bright fruit. It being immersed in cold water, about a quarter of an hour later, the fruit surface slough of a thin layer of ice shell, stripped of the ice shell, peeled sucking, sweet and sour suitable fragrance refreshing. This is a unique consumer Dunhuang perfume pear ice. Commonly known as soft child perfume pear pears, Dunhuang traditional fruit varieties, long history of cultivation, fruit color, texture and taste, fresh and delicious, storage easy. Perfume pear nutritious, containing citric acid, malic acid, glucose, fructose and vitamins, food can solve the trouble to dry, lungs and fluid is cheap, both wonderful therapeutic products. Li Tao Li Guang, also known as purple peach peach rouge. Gansu Province rare unique breed. So containing green peach color purple, crimson color was named. This peach ripe in August to form a uniform, bright color, flesh shiang famous for its white flesh was sweet, sweet fragrance, rich with juice, have more protein, fat, vitamins, organic acids, minerals, crude fiber and carbohydrates and other nutrients. Fresh solvable hunger thirst, nourishing the body. Dunhuang Dunhuang Apocynum seven eight strange, Dunhuang Apocynum pharmacological effects have lower blood pressure, blood fat, increase coronary blood flow, blood pressure, high cholesterol, has a good effect, especially dizziness symptoms and improve sleep quality had a marked effect , also has enhanced immunity, prevent colds, cough and asthma, eliminate depression, blood beauty, hangover Liver, soften blood vessels, laxative and diuretic effect, the efficacy of these symptoms for more than 80 percent, is unmatched by other herbal medicines Dunhuang Dunhuang Apocynum is the only integrated development center to develop products produced Apocynum units. Dunhuang Dunhuang Apocynum featured Integrated Development Center Lake Lop Nur area of wild flowers in 5-8 years apocynum kenaf, picking leaves grow in July, when the heat reaches a peak Dunhuang weather, plant transpiration strongest efficacy all ingredients up to the top branches leaves, medicinal highest value, with green tea making methods and refined. Dunhuang Apocynum Apocynum fiber processed into textiles but also by people like. Dunhuang Dunhuang cynomorium five eight strange, rare and peculiar Dunhuang cynomorium drugs, also known as old drug, known as "desert ginseng" reputation. Growth in the depth of the Gobi desert, growth shall not be frozen, the snow is melting radius of one meter, magical and mysterious. "Compendium of Materia Medica" record: cynomorium warm, kidney, benefits carefully, strong Yinxing Yang, Yang Jing dryness, atrophy weak governance. Modern medical research: cynomorium can effectively clear the body of free radicals and other toxins. On immune function, bowel function, heart function, sexual function have a good enhancement and promotion of the role of Dunhuang Apocynum Apocynum tea cynomorium Comprehensive Development Center combines comprehensive efficacy and cynomorium apocynum, known not old tea . Dunhuang wine using traditional technology, high quality pure sorghum and wheat as raw material, with clear and transparent "sand states spring" brewing for local Famous one. Dunhuang Dunhuang brewery Yuye, Dunhuang wine, wine feast Dunhuang, Dunhuang alcohol and other spirits, with wine and women clear, cellar-rich, mellow and soft features, the majority of consumers. Has won the second session of the China Agricultural Fair Gold Medal, American International Wine Fair Gold Medal and township enterprises in Gansu Province, brand-name products, and other honors system. Dunhuang people are very hospitable, came to Dunhuang, Dunhuang goods once two bottles of wine or buy gifts on relatives, may well be a cause for rejoicing in the journey. Snacks Donkey Donkey yellow yellow face and strange faces four eight Dunhuang, Dunhuang Shun Zhang donkey yellow noodle shop in Temple Lane 84, the summer of 2005, when the famous Chinese Dunhuang Tourism physicist Tsung-Dao Lee, who had come to visit Hue Zhang yellow noodle. Dunhuang's most famous donkey yellow noodle is reached record donkey yellow noodle. Dunhuang Shun Zhang donkey yellow noodle Dunhuang Dunhuang bashfulness bashfulness sub-surface sub-surface is a traditional hand-wheat pastas and practice to flour and water and mix it with a rolling pin to roll the dough thin, cut into strips cooked, add soup eat. Noodles slender and shapely, especially like leek leaves, combined with the delicious taste of the soup, eat a bowl, make Dunxiao hunger fatigue. Sào key in the soup, the soup is very particular about the production, the first smell of urine (pig meat, carrots, potatoes, etc.) in the fire pan fry a good fit after adding water, and then supplemented tofu, onion, garlic, parsley, prawn crackers, sesame and other condiments, will face then pick one soup, a bowl of rare Serve food. Hospitality face with the smell of urine, the Dunhuang best hospitality. Dunhuang yellow face yellow face is also a wheat pasta, asparagus fine as it is, as long gold wire, flexible pull-resistant. Cooked, transfer soup or food to eat food, flavor overflow mouth, unique flavor. The production process is extremely particular about the yellow face, the operation is very easy. Ramen chef sometimes you want to pull the plane into strips, sometimes twisted braided rotation, a group of seven or eight pounds will be pulled into a dough as thin as a fan of noodles. Pot cooked yellow face color Huang Liang, by hot mix Levin eat, eat up to greasy appetizers, heat solution tired, so you appetite, a real treat. Dunhuang water slurry of three eight strange, plasma surface must first make Whey, celery or the white shaft Levin, Levin put lotus soup, plus Whey leaven son, poured into a fermentation tank in a warm place for three days, you can Whey is made clear acid delicious. It contains a variety of beneficial enzymes can Qingshu fever, appetite for daylight savings share. After the hand-cooked noodles, soaked in cold water containing human bowl, add Whey, pour over soy oil green onion, sprinkle with coriander end, Serve slurry water. Eat dog day middle of summer, not only can relieve fatigue, restore energy, and high blood pressure, gastrointestinal problems have a certain effect. Niangpi sub-sub Dunhuang Dunhuang Niangpi some crystal Huang Liang, some smooth as jade, mix sour after taste special sauce, tasty flexibility, convenience food, is extremely common folk snacks, local fast food. Niangpi child is a wheat pasta, flour, add water and first priority when making uniform, then put the dough in water welling up to catch people rubbing, so that the fabric of the full separation of starch and protein, and the remaining protein, commonly known as gluten. The batter is dissolved in water, and that is the raw material for processing Niangpi child. After boiling water, scoop batter who branded metal disc in smooth evenly, put people in boiling water a few minutes, the surface of the cake becomes juice Niangpi son. Then cut into elongated strips pie Niangpi, put a few slices of gluten, add a little mustard, garlic, pepper, sesame oil and serve. Bubble bubbles child children Gao Gao Dunhuang Hotel is based on traditional methods of reaching a folk flavor of the food, its color Huang Liang, surface leavening such as veil, there are dense knot pearls vesicles, hence the name, bubble children Gao was "the wind pretty" evolved, originally popular in the palace, palace belonging to the feast, because the chef making very few on the market is difficult to see from the Tang Dynasty. With the production of large oil and water hot surfaces. Throughout Tangmian, rub, stuffing, frying process requires both the proportion of oil, water, a suitable surface, but also requires oil and furnace proper fit. So as to leavening blistering form surface Crisp like Fei Xu, inside sweet as sugar waxy character, tastes crisp and sweet, are foreign tourists preferred flavor of food. Lamb and mutton Fentang Fentang Dunhuang traditional snacks. _Select_ion of Dunhuang locally reared Biaofeitizhuang wethers, kill a good wash and cut into chunks, and then water the pot. When to be instant, hit the net Xuemo, release a little salt, cooked, remove the meat, bone shaving, after shaving bone skillet, warm simmer into soup. When eaten, the first soup watered, release the right amount of ginger. Pepper, pepper, cinnamon, figs, pepper, salt, carrot slices. Boiled garlic and other spices, then cooked sliced jelly filled with people cut into pieces in a bowl, ladle into boiling soup, sprinkle with coriander, chives and onions end, and pepper. White red yellow and green of view, smell the smell of spicy food is tasty, fat but not greasy. Nourishing, fever, relieving effect. Best time to travel May to October each year is the best time to Dunhuang tourism. Dunhuang deep inland, by the mountain barrier, away from humid maritime airstream, is extremely arid continental climate, with an average annual temperature of 9.3 ℃, 7 monthly average temperature of 24.7 ℃, January 9.3 ℃. Dry and dry throughout the year, day and night temperature difference is enormous. Every spring there's two hot wind and sandstorms black natural disasters, if this go, you should make early preparedness. Season tour Dunhuang The greatest advantage of the off-season tour of Dunhuang is money. At this point all of the attractions in Dunhuang (except the sun off museum) Ticket prices halved, entertainment attractions can also bargain, it is absolutely impossible in the season. But in Dunhuang shopping season is more difficult, not only to spread almost disappeared, and even some of the larger stores are also closed thank. In addition, some attractions dedicated line (such as the Green Paper to the Mogao Grottoes bus) will outage, only _select_ chartered. If you are a person alone, it is difficult to find people to carpool. Maryland Office of Epworth travel company to undertake professional short season Dunhuang Dunhuang to take business trips, a people into a group, the off-season to Dunhuang might look Epworth travel ah. Dunhuang eight strange, delicious and surprising The first strange: to put black pear sell perfume (perfume pear) The second strange: donkey yellow face pulled the door (donkey yellow face) The third strange: Whey noodles hot weather fast (water slurry) Fourth strange: sun dried steamed bun broke (dried bread) Fifth strange: thirty-nine cynomorium Entries (cynomorium) Sixth strange: fresh release date is not bad wine (wine dates) Seventh strange: Apocynum tea that everyone loves (Apocynum tea) Eighth strange: Atriplex also a dish (Atriplex) [Notes] 1 Dunhuang specialty perfume pear, white sweet and sour taste, generally picking back into winter, after dark skinned natural frozen food after thawing again, this time it has become melted juicy pear taste the best; 2 Dunhuang hot summers, many easy to store fresh foods, such as dried bread, raisins, dried apricots, melons and other dry, dry bread and broke up quickly, people often do not know that this is someone else leftover half children; 3 slurry water must first make Whey, cabbage, celery, or shaft, Lotus Levin into soup, add yeast Whey son, poured into a fermentation tank in a warm place for three days, can be made clear sour tasty Whey . It contains a variety of beneficial enzymes can Qingshu fever, appetite for daylight savings share. 4 Dunhuang donkey yellow noodles, Chinese snack, the process of making ramen most display real effort, three under five two days, the master can put a face to pull the group as fine as silk, the donkey yellow noodle, ramen to a last minute, often pulled from the panel to the door, attracted patrons gathered to watch; 5 Best cynomorium Dunhuang wild harvest is best over the next thirty-nine after a snow season, when the vast Gobi Desert, you just look for those less snow or no snow where there must dig down Wild cynomorium; 6 Dunhuang generally picking the fresh dates after disinfection with high spirits directly stored in sealed jars, to the fall and winter seasons, with food as taken, unique flavor, although the wine marinated, there will not be any excessive consumption drunken feeling; 7 Dunhuang is located in the eastern edge of Lop Nur, is one of Apocynum origin, a large number of local wild Apocynum, because of its special heat purging fire, prevent colds, enhance immunity, regulate blood pressure, soften blood vessels, lowering blood fat, eliminate phlegm cough ended , swelling diuretic, cardiac antidepressants, sedative sleep aids, such as fair to stop dizzy and weak basic medical care functions to improve the human acidic and lipid-lowering tea weight loss, many people have been Dunhuang as a daily tea drinking, Dunhuang Apocynum Comprehensive development center Apocynum tea taste the best, the best quality; 8 Dunhuang Atriplex eating habits every household, every spring flowering elm, Dunhuang people will TAKING fresh Atriplex, washing clean, noodles, steamed, supplemented lard, fried leek flowers. Every time, the market's major oil and often will become out of stock.
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Special Events
Dunhuang April eight temple Dunhuang "April 8 Temple" is a traditional folk festival. Every lunar Chuba, local residents, especially Buddhists to commemorate the release of gamma Mou Ni Nie day, help bring the young and old, crowds gathered in the Mogao Grottoes, Sanweishan, Leiyin Si burn incense and pray, pilgrimage ancestors. On this day, people with a devotion to the Buddha tell inner psychological pain and trouble, seek Buddha bless, or pray for wealth, or seek misfortunes destroy evil, or Praying, or seeking official. When done it all, out of the caves, temples, people relieved confidence. On this day the entire cave area, packed temples, grand without a break. "Sha Ling Ching Ming" is one of the eight wonders of the ancient Dunhuang. June 1 each year, Dunhuang Municipal Bureau of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Sports Commission and other units jointly organized a large-scale sand-skiing festival, when hundreds of fans together sandboarding down slope to slide down from the top, the whole mountain a thunderous roar, five kilometers outside the city could clearly hear the sound. CCTV has broadcast the pomp, the world would openers.
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